Bai Tap Este Lipit Trong de Thi DH CD BLOGHOAHOC PDF

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC
TNG HP THI H C: ESTE LIPIT
BI TP L THUYT, XC NH CTCT, CTPT
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Cu 1. (Cu 6. i Hc KA 2007) Mnh khng ng l:

A. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 cng dy ng ng vi CH2=CHCOOCH3.
B. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 c th trng hp to polime.
C. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 tc dng c vi dung dch Br2.
D. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c anehit v mui.
Hng dn gii: (Ru khng no Acid khng no)
Cu 2. (Cu 56. i Hc KA 2007) Mt este c cng thc phn t l C4H6O2, khi thy phn trong
mi trng axit thu c axetanehit. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca este l:
A. HCOOCH=CHCH3.
B. CH3COOCH=CH2.
C. CH2=CHCOOCH3.
D. HCOOC(CH3)=CH2.
Cu 3. (Cu 6. i Hc KA 2008) S ng phn este ng vi cng thc phn t C4H8O2 l:
A. 5.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 6.
Hng dn gii: C4H8O2 l este no n chc. Cc ng phn l:
HCOOCH2CH2CH3; HCOOCH(CH3)2; CH3COOCH2CH3; CH3CH2COOCH3
Cu 4. (Cu 18. i Hc KA 2008) Pht biu ng l:
A. Phn ng gia axit v ru khi c H2SO4 c l phn ng mt chiu.
B. Tt c cc este phn ng vi d d kim lun thu c sn phm cui cng l mui v ru (ancol).
C. Khi thy phn cht bo lun thu c C2H4(OH)2.
D. Phn ng thy phn este trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch.
Cu 5. (Cu 19. i Hc KA 2008) Cho glixerin trileat (hay triolein) ln lt vo mi ng nghim
cha ring bit: Na, Cu(OH)2, CH3OH, dung dch Br2, dung dch NaOH. Trong iu kin thch hp, s
phn ng xy ra l:
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 5.
D. 4.
Hng dn gii: Glixerin trioleat l este ca glixerin v axit oleic (axit bo khng no c mt lin kt
i). c cu to:
CH2COO(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7CH3
CHCOO(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7CH3
CH2COO(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7CH3
c phn ng vi Br2 v NaOH.
Cu 6. (Cu 38. i Hc KA 2008) Este X c cc c im sau:
- t chy hon ton X to thnh CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau;
- Thy phn X trong mi trng axit c cht Y (tham gia phn ng trng gng) v cht Z (c s
nguyn t cacbon bng mt na s nguyn t cacbon trong X).
Pht biu khng ng l:
A. t chy hon ton 1 mol X sinh ra sn phm gm 2 mol CO2 v 2 mol H2O.
B. Cht Y tan v hn trong nc.
C. Cht X thuc loi este no, n chc.
D. un Z vi dung dch H2SO4 c 170 0C thu c anken.
Hng dn gii: Da vo cc d kin ca u bi
t chy hon ton X to thnh CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau X l este no n chc
Thy phn X thu c Y phn ng trng gng Y phi l axit fomic. E l este ca axit fomic. Z
c s C bng mt na ca X vy s C ca Z phi bng ca axit fomic Z l CH3OH. Tch nc t
CH3OH khng thu c anken.
Cu 7. (Cu 18. Cao ng 2009) Pht biu no sau y sai?
A. Trong cng nghip c th chuyn ho cht bo lng thnh cht bo rn.
B. Nhit si ca este thp hn hn so vi ancol c cng phn t khi
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C. S nguyn t hiro trong phn t este n v a chc lun l mt s chn.

D. Sn phm ca phn ng x phng ho cht bo l axit bo v glixerol
Cu 8. (Cu 23. Cao ng 2009) S hp cht l ng phn cu to, c cng cng thc phn t
C4H8O2, tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH nhng khng tc dng c vi Na l:
A. 2
B. 1
C. 3
D. 4
Cu 9. (Cu 15. i Hc KA 2010) Tng s cht hu c mch h, c cng c/ thc phn t C2H4O2 l:
A. 3
B. 1
C. 2
D. 4
Hng dn gii: CH3COOH; HCOOCH3, HOCH2CHO
Cu 10. (Cu 34. i Hc KA 2010) Cho s chuyn ha:
dung dich Br2
O 2 , xt
CH3OH, t 0 , xt
NaOH
CuO, t 0
C3H6
X
Y
Z
T
E (Este a chc). Tn ca Y l:
A. propan-1,3-iol.
B. propan-1,2-iol.
C. propan-2-ol.
D. glixerol.
Hng dn gii: E l este a chc nn C3H6 phi l xiclopropan
+ Br2 CH2BrCH2CH2Br (X)
CH2BrCH2CH2Br + 2NaOH CH2OHCH2CH2OH (Y) + 2NaBr
(Z): CHOCH2CHO; (T): HOOCCH2COOH; (E): CH2(COOCH3)2
Cu 11. (Cu 38. i Hc KA 2010) Cho s chuyn ha:
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+H 2 du(Ni,t )
+NaOH du,t
+HCl
Triolein
X
Y
Z. Tn ca Z l
A. axit linoleic.
B. axit oleic.
C. axit panmitic.
D. axit stearic.
Cu 12. (Cu 32. i Hc KB 2010) Tng s hp cht hu c no, n chc, mch h, c cng cng
thc phn t C5H10O2, phn ng c vi dd NaOH nhng khng c phn ng trng bc l:
A. 4
B. 5
C. 8
D. 9
Hng dn gii: Phn ng c vi NaOH nhng khng c phn ng trng bc nn ch c th l axit
hoc este.
axit: CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH; CH3CH2CH(CH3)COOH; CH3CH(CH3)CH2COOH; CH3C(CH3)2COOH
Este: CH3CH2CH2COOCH3; CH3CH(CH3)COOCH3; CH3CH2COOC2 H5; CH3COOCH2CH2CH3;
CH3COOCH(CH3)2
(Khng tnh este: HCOOC4H9 : v chng c th tham gia p trng gng)
Cu 13. (Cu 54. i Hc KB 2010) Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C5H10O. Cht
X khng phn ng vi Na, tha mn s chuyn ha sau:
+ H2
+ CH3 COOH
X
Y
Este c mi mui chn. Tn ca X l:
H SO ac
Ni, t 0
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A. pentanal
B. 2 metylbutanal
C. 2,2imetylpropanal. D. 3 metylbutanal.
Cu 14. (Cu 21. Cao ng 2011) Cng thc ca triolein l:
A. (CH3[CH2]16COO)3C3 H5
B. (CH3[CH2 ]7CH=CH[CH2 ]5COO)3C3H5
C. (CH3[CH2]7CH=CH[CH2]7COO)3C3H5
D. (CH3[CH2]14COO)3C3 H5
Hng dn gii:
Cng thc ca triolein l: (CH3[CH2]7CH=CH[CH2]7COO)3C3H5 (l trieste ca glixerol vi axit oleic).
Cu 15. (Cu 30. Cao ng 2011) Hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C4 H8O3. X c kh
nng tham gia phn ng vi Na, vi dung dch NaOH v phn ng trng bc. Sn phm thu phn ca X
trong mi trng kim c kh nng ho tan Cu(OH)2 to thnh dung dch mu xanh lam. Cng thc cu
to ca X c th l:
A. CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CHO
B. HCOOCH2CH(OH)CH3
C. CH3COOCH2CH2OH.
D. HCOOCH2CH2CH2OH
Hng dn gii: Cng thc cu to ca X c th l HCOOCH2CH(OH)CH3 v X c nhm OH nn c
phn ng vi Na, X c chc este HCOO nn c phn ng trng gng, thy phn X to ra etylen glicol
nn c th ha tan c Cu(OH)2 to thnh dung dch mu xanh lam.
Cu 16. (Cu 2. i Hc KB 2011) Cho dy cc cht: phenyl axetat, anlyl axetat, metyl axetat, etyl
fomat, tripanmitin. S cht trong dy khi thy phn trong d/ dch NaOH (d), un nng sinh ra ancol l:
A. 4
B. 2
C. 5
D. 3
Hng dn gii:
phenyl axetat: CH3COOC6 H5 + NaOH CH3COONa + C6H5ONa + H2O
anlyl axetat: CH3COOCH2CH=CH2 + NaOH CH3COONa + CH2=CHCH2OH
metyl axetat: CH3COOCH3 + NaOH CH3COONa + CH3OH
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etyl fomat: HCOOC2 H5 + NaOH HCOONa + C2H5OH

tripanmitin: (C15H31COO)3C3H5 + NaOH 3C15H31COONa + C3H5(OH)3
Nhn xt:
Cc em hc sinh phi hiu c khi nim ancol (hay ru)
Nu khng hiu c khi nim ny th s dn n
CH3COOC6 H5 +NaOH CH3COONa + C6H5OH v coi C6H5OH l ancol th s dn n p n C.5.
(Sai)
Ch : Cn phi phn bit ancol thm vi phenol
V d: C6H5CH2OH l ancol thm.
Mt s em khng bit khi no th ancol khng no, khi no th ancol khng no li chuyn thnh andehit,
xeton nn coi CH2=CHCH2OH khng bn bin thnh andehit CH3CH2CHO cng s cho kt qu sai.
Cu 17. (Cu 9. i Hc KB 2011) Triolein khng tc dng vi cht (hoc dung dch) no sau y?
A. H2O (xc tc H2SO4 long, un nng)
B. Cu(OH)2 ( iu kin thng)
C. Dung dch NaOH (un nng)
D. H2 (xc tc Ni, un nng)
Hng dn gii:
Cng thc ca Triolein l (C17H33COO)3C3H5 (trong phn t vn cha 1 lin kt pi)
t 0 , xt
(C17H33COO)3C3H5 + H2O
3C17H33COOH + C3H5(OH)3
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(C17H33COO)3C3H5 + NaOH
3C17H33COONa + C3H5(OH)3
0
t , xt
(C17H33COO)3C3H5 + H2
(C17H35COO)3C3H5
Este c phn ng thy phn trong mi trng axit hoc mi trng kim, phn ng vi cht kh
LiAlH4 (kh nhm CO thnh nhm CH2OH). Nu l este khng no th c phn ng gc hirocacbon
nh phn ng cng, phn ng trng hp, este no cn c phn ng th halogen gc hirocacbon.
Chn B.
Nhn xt: Cht mun tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2 phi l axit hay l ancol c hai nhm OH k nhau: m
Triolein l este khng c tha mn iu kin trn. chn B.Nu bi cho" triolein, tristearin, tripamitin
ri hi c bao nhiu cht tc dng c vi H2O (xc tc H2SO4 long, un nng). Dung dch NaOH
(un nng); H2 (xc tc Ni, un nng).Cu(OH)2 ( iu kin thng) th hay hn nhiu.
Cu 18. (Cu 34. i Hc KB 2011) Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. phn bit benzen, toluen v stiren ( iu kin thng) bng phng php ha hc, ch cn
dng thuc th l nc brom.
B. Tt c cc este u tan tt trong nc, khng c, c dng lm cht to hng trong cng nghip
thc phm, m phm.
C. Phn ng gia axit axetic vi ancol benzylic ( iu kin thch hp), to thnh benzyl axetat c mi
thm ca chui chn.
D. Trong phn ng este ha gia CH3COOH vi CH3OH, H2O to nn t OH trong nhm COOH
ca axit v H trong nhm OH ca ancol.
Hng dn gii:
A sai. Ch nhn bit c stiren.
B sai. V d l du m khng tan trong nc. Hy nhn vo t " tt c" nh.
C sai. Mi hoa nhi "Chng thm cng th hoa nhi Du khng thanh lch cng ngi
Trng An". May ra dn H Ni mi lm c cu ny.
Pht biu ng l: Trong phn ng este ha gia CH3COOH vi CH3OH, H2O to nn t OH
trong nhm COOH ca axit v H trong nhm OH ca ancol.
Mt cch tng qut, phn ng gia axit cacboxylic v ancol c vit nh sau:
R C OH
||
H ,t 0
R C O R + H2O
HOR
||
O
O
axit cacboxylic
ancol
este
Nhn xt: Cu hi tuy l l thuyt n gin nhng li kh nh.
+ i vi benzen, toluen v stiren khi ta dng dung dch Brom th ta ch phn bit c Stiren do lm
mt mu dung dch nc brom. Cn li Benzen v toluene th s dng thm dung dch KMnO4, t0 th
Toluen s lm mt mu.
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C6H5CH=CH2 + Br2 C6H5CHBrCH2Br

C6H5CH3 + 2KMnO4 C6H5COOK + 2MnO2 + KOH + H2O
Cu 19. (Cu 7. Cao ng 2012) Cho s phn ng:
+AgNO3 /NH3
+NaOH
+NaOH
Este X (C4HnO2)
Y
Z
C2H3O2Na.
t0
t0
t0
Cng thc cu to ca X tha mn s cho l:
A. CH2=CHCOOCH3. B. CH3COOCH2CH3.
C. HCOOCH2CH2CH3. D. CH3COOCH=CH2.
Hng dn gii:
t C2H3O2Na Z l axit CH3COOH Y l CH3-COONH4 X l CH3COOCH=CH2
CH3COOCH=CH2 + NaOH CH3COONa + CH3CHO
CH3CHO + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O CH3COONH4 + 2NH4NO3 + 2Ag
CH3COONH4 + NaOH CH3COONa + NH3 + H2O
Cu 20. (Cu 23. Cao ng 2012) Cho cc este: etyl fomat (1), vinyl axetat (2), triolein (3), metyl
acrylat (4), phenyl axetat (5). Dy gm cc este u phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH (un nng)
sinh ra ancol l:
A. (1), (2), (3).
B. (1), (3), (4).
C. (2), (3), (5).
D. (3), (4), (5).
Hng dn gii: etyl fomat(HCOOC2H5)
HCOOC2 H5 + NaOH HCOONa + C2H5OH
vinyl axetat(CH3COOCH=CH2)
CH3COOCH=CH2 + NaOH CH3COONa + CH3CHO
triolein( (C17H33COO)3C3H5)
(C17H33COO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH C17H33COONa + C3H5(OH)3
metyl acrylat(CH2=CHCOOCH3)
CH2=CHCOOCH3 + NaOH CH2=CHCOONa + CH3OH
phenyl axetat(CH3COOC6 H5)
CH3COOC6 H5 + NaOH CH3COONa + C6H5ONa + H2O
Cu 21. (Cu 31. Cao ng 2012) Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Ancol etylic tc dng c vi d dch NaOH. B. Axit bo l nhng axit cacboxylic a chc.
C. Etylen glicol l ancol no, n chc, mch h. D. Este isoamyl axetat c mi chui chn.
Hng dn gii: Ancol khng tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v khng c tnh axit
Axit bo l nhng axit cacboxylic n chc c mch cacbon di, khng phn nhnh (mc II.1 khi nim
trang 8 sgk 12 c bn).
Etylen glicol l ancol no, a chc, mch h v cng thc ca etylenglicol: C2 H4(OH)2
Este isoamyl axetat c mi chui chn (mc II tnh cht vt l hng th 7 t trn xung trang 5 sgk 12 c
bn).
Cu 22. (Cu 20. i Hc KA 2012) Hp cht X c cng thc C8 H14O4. T X thc hin cc phn ng
(theo ng t l mol):
(a) X + 2NaOH X1 + X2 + H2O
(b) X1 + H2SO4 X3 + Na2SO4
(c) nX3 + nX4 nilon-6,6 + 2nH2O
(d) 2X2 + X3 X5 + 2H2O
Phn t khi ca X5 l:
A. 198.
B. 202.
C. 216.
D. 174.
Hng dn gii:
(a) HOOC[CH2]4COOC2H5 + 2NaOH NaOOC[CH2]4COONa + C2H5OH + H2O
(b) NaOOC[CH2]4COONa + H2SO4 HOOC[CH2 ]4COOH + Na2SO4
(c) nHOOC[CH2 ]4COOH + nH2N[CH2]6NH2 nilon6,6 + 2nH2O
(d) 2C2H5OH + HOOC[CH2 ]4COOH [CH2]4(COOC2H5)2 + 2H2O
X5 l [CH2]4(COOC2 H5)2 = 202
Cu 23. (Cu 5. i Hc KB 2012 ) Thy phn este X mch h c cng thc phn t C4H6O2, sn
phm thu c c kh nng trng bc. S este X tha mn tnh cht trn l:
A. 4
B. 3
C. 6
D. 5
Hng dn gii: 1. HOOCH=CHCH3; 2. HOOCH2CH=CH2; 3. HOOCH(CH3)=CH2. c ba cht l
ng phn cu tao ca nhau v cht 1 c ng phn hnh hc, tng s ng phn tha mn l 4
Chn A.
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HCOOCH=CH-CH2, HCOOCH2 CH=CH2, HCOOC(CH3)=CH2, CH3 COOCH=CH2.

Cch khc: Xy ra 2TH 1 l to andehit; 2 l HCOOR
HCOOCH=CHCH3 (c 2phh); HCOOC(CH3)=CH2; HCOOCH2CH=CH2
V CH3COOCH=CH2 (cho anehit)
Vy vi hng t duy nh trn, theo ti p n s l 5 ng phn (tnh c ng phn hnh hc)
Cu 24. (Cu 41. Cao ng 2013) Hp cht X c cng thc phn t C5H8O2, khi tham gia phn ng
x phng ha thu c mt anehit v mt mui ca axit cacboxylic. S ng phn cu to tha mn
tnh cht trn ca X l:
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 5.
D. 4.
Hng dn gii: X l este thu phn cho andehyt X c dng CmH2m+1COOCnH2n-1 (n 2).
Andehyt l sn phm chuyn ho t ancol khng bn CnH2n-1 c C=C u mch.
m = 0; n = 4 2CT(1 thang +1nhnh)
m + n = 4 m = 1; n = 3 1CT
m = 2; n = 2 1CT
Cch khc:
Este khi tham gia phn ng x phng ha thu c mt anehit este c dng: RCOOCH=CR1R2
HCOOCH=CHCH2CH3; HCOOCH=C(CH3)-CH3; CH3COOCH=CH-CH3; CH3CH2COOCH=CH2
(Do ch hi ng phn cu to nn khng tnh ng phn hnh hc cis/trans).
Cu 25. (Cu 37. i Hc KA 2013) Cht no sau y khi un nng vi dung dch NaOH thu c
sn phm c anehit?
A. CH3COOC(CH3)=CH2.
B. CH3COOCH=CHCH3.
C. CH2=CHCOOCH2CH3.
D. CH3COOCH2CH=CH2.
Hng dn gii: PTHH: CH3COOCH=CHCH3 + NaOH CH3COONa + OHCCH2CH3.
Nhn xt: Este thy phn trong mi trng kim to ra anehit c dng RCOOCH=CR
Cu 26. (Cu 20. i Hc KB 2013) Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Cht bo l trieste ca etylen glicol vi cc axit bo.
B. Cc cht bo thng khng tan trong nc v nh hn nc.
C. Triolein c kh nng tham gia phn ng cng hiro khi un nng c xc tc Ni.
D. Cht bo b thy phn khi un nng trong dung dch kim.
Hng dn gii: y cng l 1 cu hi d lin quan n kin thc rt c bn ca cht bo.
A. Cu ny chc chn sai ri, etylen glicol HOCH2CH2OH khng to nn cc trieste vi cc axit bo.
Ch c glycerol mi to nn trieste vi cc axit bo.
B. Cu ny chc chn ng, y l c im c bn ca cht bo (ai cng bit du m nh hn nc).
C. Triolein l trieste ca axit bo khng no olein vi glycerol. Do n c th tham gia phn ng cng
vi H2 to thnh hp cht trieste no tng ng.
D. Cht bo b thy phn khi un nng vi dung dch kim y l c im c bn ca este ni chung,
cht bo ni ring.
Cu 27. (Cu 43. i Hc KB 2013) Este no sau y khi phn ng vi dung dch NaOH d, un
nng khng to ra hai mui?
A. C6H5COOC6 H5 (phenyl benzoat).
B. CH3COOC6 H5 (phenyl axetat).
C. CH3COO[CH2]2OOCCH2CH3.
D. CH3OOCCOOCH3.
Hng dn gii: Este khi phn ng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng to ra hai mui l este ca
phenol hoc este c hai gc axit khc nhau.
Este khng to ra 2 mui khi b thy phn nu este c to thnh t 1 loi axit cacboxylic, v khi ru
to thnh khng phn ng vi kim to thnh mui.
Vy p n l C.
Trng hp A, este c hnh thnh t 2 axit cacboxylic CH3COOH v C2 H5COOH, khi b thy phn
to ra hai mui cacboxylat natri tng ng.
Trng hp B, khi thy phn thu c mui natri ca axit benzoic C6H5COONa v phenol, nhng
phenol li phn ng vi NaOH to thnh mui.
Trng hp D, tng t trng hp D, ngoi mui cacboxylat cn thu c mui C6H5ONa.
PHN NG CHY
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Cu 1. (Cu 43. i Hc KB 2007) Hai este n chc X v Y l ng phn ca nhau. Khi ho hi

1,85 gam X, thu c th tch hi ng bng th tch ca 0,7 gam N2 (o cng iu kin). Cng thc
cu to thu gn ca X v Y l:
A. HCOOC2 H5 v CH3COOCH3.
B. C2H3COOC2 H5 v C2 H5COOC2 H3.
C. C2H5COOCH3 v HCOOCH(CH3)2.
D. HCOOCH2CH2CH3 v CH3COOC2 H5.
Hng dn gii:
1,85
0, 7
VX = VN2 (cng iu kin) n X = n N2 =
= 0,025 mol, MEste =
= 74.
0, 025
28
T 4 p n ta bit c y l este no n chc nn ta t cng thc este l: CnH2nO2.
Ta c: MEste = 74 = 14n + 32 n = 3 C3H6O2 nn ta chn A
Cch khc: CTTQ ca este l: CnH2nO2
1,85 28
Xt cng iu kin c: Meste =
= 74 = 14n + 32 n = 3 C3H6O2
0, 7
Cu 2. (Cu 42. i Hc KB 2008) Khi t chy hon ton mt este no, n chc th s mol CO2 sinh
ra bng s mol O2 phn ng. Tn gi ca este l:
A. metyl fomiat.
B. etyl axetat.
C. n-propyl axetat.
D. metyl axetat.
Hng dn gii:
n
1
n O2 = n CO2 = 1; n O2 = 1,5 n CO2 neste neste = 1, 51 1 = 0, 5 C = CO2 =
=2
n Este 0, 5
Este l C2H4O2 hay HCOOCH3 (metyl fomiat).
Cch khc: Este no, n chc (mch h) CnH2nO2
Phn ng chy: CnH2nO2 + (3n 2)/2O2 nCO2 + nH2O
n CO2 = n O2 (3n 2)/2 = n n = 2 Este l C2H4O2 hay HCOOCH3 (metyl fomiat).
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y l mt dng bi tp thng thng kh ph bin v khng kh.

Cu 3. (Cu 7. Cao ng 2010) Hn hp Z gm hai este X v Y to bi cng mt ancol v hai axit
cacboxylic k tip nhau trong dy ng ng (MX < MY). t chy hon ton m gam Z cn dng 6,16 lt
kh O2 (ktc), thu c 5,6 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 4,5 gam H2O. Cng thc este X v gi tr ca m tng
ng l:
A. CH3COOCH3 v 6,7 B. HCOOC2 H5 v 9,5
C. HCOOCH3 v 6,7
D. (HCOO)2C2H4 v 6,6
Hng dn gii:
n CO2 = 0,25; n H2O = 0,25 X, Y l 2 este no n chc
p dng LBTKL:
5, 6
6,16
m=
44 + 4,5
32 = 6,7 (gam)
22, 4
22, 4
6, 7n
1
0, 25
n CO2 =
14 n + 32 =
= 26,8 n .
n
n
0, 25
HCOOCH 3
tp
://
t cng thc ca X, Y: C n H 2n O 2 n C n H2 n O2 =
ht
X : C2 H 4 O 2
n = 2,5 n = 2; n = 3
Y : C3 H 6 O 2 CH 3COOCH 3
Cu 4. (Cu 3. i Hc KB 2010) Hn hp X gm axit panmitic, axit stearic v axit linoleic. trung
ha m gam X cn 40 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton m gam X th thu c
15,232 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 11,7 gam H2O. S mol ca axit linoleic trong m gam hn hp X l:
A. 0,015.
B. 0,010.
C. 0,020.
D. 0,005.
Hng dn gii:
Cch 1:
n axit n NaOH 0, 04 1 0, 04 (mol) : khng cn s dng;
pp phn tch sn phm chy:
Ta c: axit panmitic, axit stearic no n chc nn khi chy to n H2O = n CO2 cn axit linoleic khng no c
2 lin kt i trong gc HC v n chc nn khi chy cho: 2naxit = n CO2 n H 2O
Trang 6
15,232 11, 7
(0,68 0,65)
22,4
18
naxit linoleic = =
= 0,015 mol
2
2
Cch 2:
Axit panmitic: C15H31COOH x mol
Axit stearic: C17H35COOH y mol
Axit linoleic C17 H31COOH z mol
(1)
n CO 2 = 16x + 18y + 18z = 0,68 mol
n H 2O = 16x + 18y + 16z = 0,65 mol
(2)
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Ly (1) (2) ta c 2z = 0,03

z = 0,015 mol
Khng s dng n d kin s mol ca hn hp
Cu 5. (Cu 35. Cao ng 2011) Este X no, n chc, mch h, khng c phn ng trng bc. t
chy 0,1 mol X ri cho sn phm chy hp th hon ton vo dung dch nc vi trong c cha 0,22 mol
Ca(OH)2 th vn thu c kt ta. Thu phn X bng dung dch NaOH thu c 2 cht hu c c s
nguyn t cacbon trong phn t bng nhau. Phn trm khi lng ca oxi trong X l:
A. 43,24%
B. 53,33%
C. 37,21%
D. 36,26%
Hng dn gii:
Theo gi thit t chy 0,1 mol X ri cho sn phm chy hp th hon ton vo dung dch nc vi
trong c cha 0,22 mol Ca(OH)2 th vn thu c kt ta chng t nCO2 < 2nCa(OH)2 = 0,44
Vy s C trong X < 0,44 : 0,1 = 4,4.
Thu phn X bng dung dch NaOH thu c 2 cht hu c c s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t bng
nhau chng t X l HCOOCH3 hoc CH3COOC2 H5. V X khng c phn ng trng bc suy ra X phi l
CH3COOC2 H5.
32
Phn trm khi lng ca oxi trong X l:
100 = 36,36%
88
(khng hiu ti sao p n li l 36,26%?)
Cu 6. (Cu 1. i Hc KA 2011) t chy hon ton 3,42 gam hn hp gm axit acrylic, vinyl
axetat, metyl acrylat v axit oleic, ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d). Sau
phn ng thu c 18 gam kt ta v dung dch X. Khi lng X so vi khi lng dung dch Ca(OH)2
ban u thay i nh th no?
A. Tng 2,70 gam.
B. Gim 7,74 gam.
C. Tng 7,92 gam.
D. Gim 7,38 gam.
Hng dn gii: Gi cng thc chung ca cc cht l CnH2n-2O2
CnH2n-2O2 + O2 nCO2 + (n1)H2O
T pt chy ta thy nCnH2n-2O2 = nCO2 nH2O
nCO2 = nCaCO3 = 18/100 = 0,18
gi nH2O =a n CnH2n-2O2 = 0,18 a.; gi s mol O2 l y
+ Bo ton nguyn t O: (0,18 a)2 + 2y = 0,18.2 + a 3a + 2y = 0 (1)
+ Bo ton khi lng: 3,42 + 32y = 0,18.44 + 18a 18a + 32y = 4,5 (2)
(1) v (2) a = 0,15
m(CO2 + H2O) = 0,18.44 + 0,15.18 = 10,62
Khi lng dung dch gim = 18 10,62 = 7,38gam.
Nhn xt: Mu cht ca bi ton l cc em a c cc cht trn v c cng mt cng thc
CnH2n-2O2 ri kt hp vi bo ton khi lng.
Ch : Cn phn bit c khi lng bnh tng so vi ban u v khi lng dung dch trong bnh tng
hay gim so vi ban u.
Nu cn bng phng trnh trn sai s dn n cc kt qu khc (Nu hc sinh no cn bng h s
ca oxi l 1,5n s dn n gim 7,74 gam (khng tin th m xem).
Cu 7. (Cu 58. i Hc KA 2011) t chy hon ton 0,11 gam mt este X (to nn t mt axit
cacboxylic n chc v mt ancol n chc) thu c 0,22 gam CO2 v 0,09 gam H2O. S este ng
phn ca X l:
A. 2
B. 5
C. 6
D. 4
Trang 7

Cu 58. (Cu 58. i Hc KA 2011) t chy hon ton 0,11 gam mt este X (to nn t mt axit
cacboxylic n chc v mt ancol n chc) thu c 0,22 gam CO2 v 0,09 gam H2O. S este ng
phn ca X l:
A. 2
B. 5
C. 6
D. 4
Hng dn gii: n CO2 = 0,005; n H 2O = 0,005 este no, n
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m
CnH2nO2 nCO2
0,005/n 0,005
M = 0,11n/0,005 = 22n
14n + 32 = 22n n = 4 este C4H8O2 c 4 ng phn este.
Nhn xt: Nu hi c bao nhiu ng phn c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng hay c bao
nhiu ng phn cho ancol bc 1 hoc ancol bc hai th s hay hn. Hc sinh khng s dng c cng
thc tnh ng phn.
Cu 8. (Cu 38. i Hc KB 2011) Hn hp X gm vinyl axetat, metyl axetat v etyl fomat. t chy
hon ton 3,08 gam X, thu c 2,16 gam H2O. Phn trm s mol ca vinyl axetat trong X l:
A. 25%
B. 27,92%
C. 72,08%
D. 75%
Hng dn gii:
Vinyl axetat: CH3COOCH=CH2 C4H6O2 4CO2 + 3H2O
x mol
3x mol
Metyl axetat: CH3COOCH3 C3H6O2 3CO2 + 3H2O
Etyl fomat: HCOOC2 H5
y mol
3y mol
86x 74y 3, 08 gam
x 0, 01 mol
Theo phng trnh ta c:

3x 3y 0,12 mol
y 0, 03 mol
Vy % s mol ca vinyl axetat l: 25%
Cu 9. (Cu 52. i Hc KA 2012) Kh este no, n chc, mch h X bng LiAlH4, thu c ancol
duy nht Y. t chy hon ton Y thu c 0,2 mol CO2 v 0,3 mol H2O. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X
thu c tng khi lng CO2 v H2O l:
A. 24,8 gam
B. 28,4 gam
C. 16,8 gam
D. 18,6 gam
Hng dn gii:
n CO
nY
bl
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Y l ancol no c s nguyn t cacbon l:
n CO
n H O n CO
2
LiAlH
0,2
0,3 0,2
= 2 . Y l C2H5OH.
ht
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4
2
Vy X l: CH3COOC2 H5
2 C2H5OH.Khi : CH3COOC2H5
4CO 2 + 4H 2O
Khi : m = 440,14 + 180,14 = 24,8 gam.
Cu 10. (Cu 4. i Hc KB 2012) t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai este ng phn
cn dng 27,44 lt kh O2, thu c 23,52 lt kh CO2 v 18,9 gam H2O. Nu cho m gam X tc dng ht
vi 400 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, c cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c 27,9 gam cht rn khan,
trong c a mol mui Y v b mol mui Z (My < Mz). Cc th tch kh u o iu kin tiu chun. T
l a : b l:
A. 2 : 3
B. 4 : 3
C. 3 : 2
D. 3 : 5
Hng dn gii: Do s mol H2O = CO2 nn hai este l no n chc.
S mol O p = 2,45 mol
S mol O trong H2O = 1,05 mol
S mol O trong CO2 = 2,1 mol
Vy s mol O trong X = 0,7 mol
S mol X = 0,35 mol S nguyn t C ca X = 1,05/0,35 = 3 CTPT C3H6O2
HCOOC2 H5 v CH3COOCH3
S mol NaOH = 0,4 mol NaOH d = 0,05 mol khi lng NaOH d = 2 gam
Hai mui l HCOONa v CH3COONa
Ta c: x + y = 0,35 v 68x + 82y = 25,9 x = 0,2 v y = 0,15
Cch khc: Mol CO2 = mol H2O =1,05 suy ra l este no, n h
CnH2nO2 (3n2)/2n = 1,225/1,05 n = 3 HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3.
M(mui) = (27,90,05*40)/0,35 = 74; l 2 mui HCOONa v CH3COONa.
Trang 8

p dng s cho cho 2 mui ny gii ra t l: (8274):(7468) = 4/3
PHN NG THY PHN: H+, OH
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Cu 1. (Cu 28. Cao ng 2007) Cho cht X tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sau
c cn dung dch thu c cht rn Y v cht hu c Z. Cho Z tc dng vi AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong
dung dch NH3 thu c cht hu c T. Cho cht T tc dng vi dung dch NaOH li thu c cht Y.
Cht X c th l:
A. HCOOCH=CH2.
B. CH3COOCH=CH2.
C. HCOOCH3.
D. CH3COOCH=CH-CH3
Hng dn gii:
Cocan
X + NaOH Rn Y + Cht hu c Z
(1)
AgNO3/NH3
NaOH
(3)
(2)
Cht hu c T
T (1) ta thy X l este, Y l mui v Z l anehit (do trng gng) X c dng l: R1COOH=CHR2
T (2) T l mui amoni
T (3) T v Z phi c cng s nguyn t cacbon
tha mn cc iu kin trn ta chn X l: CH3COOCH=CH2;
Y(CH3COONa); Z(CH3CHO); T(CH3COONH4)
Cu 2. (Cu 30. Cao ng 2007) Este X khng no, mch h, c t khi hi so vi oxi bng 3,125 v
khi tham gia phn ng x phng ha to ra mt anehit v mt mui ca axit hu c. C bao nhiu cng
thc cu to ph hp vi X?
A. 2.
B. 5.
C. 3.
D. 4
Hng dn gii:
M = 323,125 = 100
Khi phn ng vi dd NaOH to anehit este dng: R1COOCH=CHR2
Ta c: R1 + R2 +70 = 100 R1 + R2 = 30
+ Khi R1 = H th R2 = 29 (C2H5):
HCOOCH=CHC2 H5
HCOOCH= C CH3
|
CH3
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+ Khi R1 = CH3 th R2 = 15 (CH3) CH3COOCH=CHCH3

+ Khi R1 = C2H5 th R2 = 1 (H) C2H5COOCH=CH2
Vy c 4 CTCT ph hp vi este X
Cu 3. (Cu 12. i Hc KA 2007) Thy phn hon ton 444 gam mt lipit thu c 46 gam glixerol
(glixerin) v hai loi axit bo l:
A. C15H31COOH v C17H35COOH.
B. C17H31COOH v C17H33COOH.
C. C17H33COOH v C15H31COOH.
D. C17H33COOH v C17H35COOH.
Hng dn gii: Do ch c 2 loi axit bo khc nhau nn ta c:
C H 2 OCOR 1
|
C H 2 OH
|
H+
C HOCOR1 + 3H2O
C HOH
|
|
CH 2 OCOR 1
+ 2R1COOH + R2COOH
CH 2 OH
ht
444
46
= 0,5 mol Meste =
= 888
92
0,5
Ta c: 2R1 + R2 + 116 + 57 = 888 2R1 + R2 = 715; Chn: R1 = C17H35 ; R2 = C17H33
Cch khc:
46g = 0,5 mol M = 888 M 3 gc acid = 888 41 443 = 715 M trung bnh = 715/3
S C trung bnh khong = (715 : 3) : 14 (php tnh lin tc, ko cn gi tr trung gian) = 17,0238
p n B hoc D.
Lm ngc li: 1714 = 714 = 715 1
(cc gi tr 41, 45, 92, 888 l hon ton c th tnh nhm c nh rn luyn k nng tnh).
nglixerin = neste =
Trang 9
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Lu : Cn thuc lng M ca Tristearin: M = 890 (lipit no) lm chun

Mlipit gim 2(888) trong lipit c 1 gc axit bo khng no c 1
Cu 4. (Cu 35. i Hc KA 2007) X phng ha 8,8 gam etyl axetat bng 200 ml dung dch NaOH
0,2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l:
A. 8,56 gam.
B. 8,2 gam.
C. 3,28 gam.
D. 10,4 gam.
Hng dn gii:
neste = 0,1; nNaOH = 0,04 este d
CH3COOC2 H5 + NaOH CH3COONa + C2H5OH
0,04
0,04 mol
nn cht rn ch gm mui CH3COONa: 0,04 mol mrn = 0,04(15 + 67) = 3,28, chn C
Cch khc:
8,8
n CH3COOC2H5 =
= 0,1 (mol)
n NaOH = 0,20,2 = 0,04 (mol)
88
CH3COOC2 H5 + NaOH CH3COONa + C2H5OH
n este > n NaOH este d nn n CH3COONa = n NaOH = 0,04 (mol)
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Khi c cn cht rn thu c chnh l mui nn m mui = 0,0482 = 3,28 (gam)

*Lu : este d khi c cn khng thu c cht rn.
Cu 5. (Cu 24. i Hc KB 2007) X l mt este no n chc, c t khi hi i vi CH4 l 5,5.
Nu em un 2,2 gam este X vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2,05 gam mui. Cng thc cu to
thu gn ca X l:
A. HCOOCH2CH2CH3. B. C2H5COOCH3.
C. CH3COOC2 H5.
D. HCOOCH(CH3)2.
Hng dn gii:
2, 2
Meste = 5,516 = 88 nn cng thc phn t este l C4H8O2; nEste =
= 0,025 mol.
88
t0
RCOOR + NaOH
RCOONa + ROH
Do este l no n chc nn khng cn vit phng trnh phn ng ta c th bit:
2, 05
nEste = nRCOONa = 0,025 mol; mMui =
= 82 R = 82 67 = 15; nn gc R l (CH3).
0, 025
Ta c th bit l este CH3COOC2 H5 nn ta chn p n C.
Cch khc: CTPT ca este: CnH2nO2
Ta c: 14n + 32 = 5,516 = 88 n = 4 C4H8O2
2, 2
neste =
= 0,025 (mol)
88
R1COOR2 + NaOH R1COONa + R2OH
0,025
0,025
Mt khc: (R1 + 67) 0,025 = 2,05 R1= 15 (CH3) CH3COOC2 H5.
Cu 6. (Cu 46. i Hc KB 2007) Thy phn este c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 (vi xc tc axit),
thu c 2 sn phm hu c X v Y. T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y. Vy cht X l:
A. ru metylic.
B. etyl axetat.
C. axit fomic.
D. ru etylic.
Hng dn gii:
CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O CH3COOH (Y) + CH3CH2OH (X)
CH3CH2OH (X) + O2 men gim CH3COOH (Y) + H2O
X l ru etylic CH3CH2OH: Etyl etylic
Cu 7. (Cu 1. Cao ng 2008) Este n chc X c t khi hi so vi CH4 l 6,25. Cho 20 gam X tc
dng vi 300 ml dung dch KOH 1M (un nng). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 28 gam cht
rn khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2.
B. CH2=CHCH2COOCH3.
C. CH3COOCH=CHCH3.
D. CH2=CHCOOCH2CH3.
Hng dn gii:
20
MX = 100; nX =
= 0,2 mol, nKOH = 0,3 mol, v do nX < nKOH nn tnh theo X (este)
100
Trang 10

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t
RCOOR + KOH
RCOOK + ROH v, nKOH d = 0,3 0,2 = 0,1 mol.
0,2
0,2
0,2
Ta c m(cht rn) = maxit + m(KOH)d 28 = (R + 83) 0,2 + 560,1 R = 29 nn R l (C2 H5)
R = 100 (12 + 16 + 16) 29 = 27 nn R l (C2H3)
Ta c este cn tm l C2H5COOC2 H3,
Cu 8. (Cu 2. Cao ng 2008) X phng ho hon ton 22,2 gam hn hp gm hai este HCOOC2 H5
v CH3COOCH3 bng dung dch NaOH 1M (un nng). Th tch dung dch NaOH ti thiu cn dng l:
A. 300 ml.
B. 200 ml.
C. 400 ml.
D. 150 ml.
Cu 9. (Cu 4. Cao ng 2008) Hai cht hu c X1 v X2 u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC.
X1 c kh nng phn ng vi: Na, NaOH, Na2CO3. X2 phn ng vi NaOH (un nng) nhng khng
phn ng Na. Cng thc cu to ca X1, X2 ln lt l:
A. CH3COOH, HCOOCH3.
B. CH3COOH, CH3COOCH3.
C. HCOOCH3, CH3COOH.
D. (CH3)2CHOH, HCOOCH3.
Cu 10. (Cu 8. Cao ng 2008) Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C4H6O4 tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH (un nng) theo phng trnh phn ng: C4 H6O4 + 2NaOH 2Z + Y. oxi ho ht a mol Y
th cn va 2a mol CuO (un nng), sau phn ng to thnh a mol cht T (bit Y, Z, T l cc hp cht
hu c). Khi lng phn t ca T l:
A. 58 vC.
B. 44 vC.
C. 82 vC.
D. 118 vC.
Cu 11. (Cu 13. Cao ng 2008) Mt hn hp X gm hai cht hu c n chc. Cho X phn ng
va vi 500 ml dung dch KOH 1M. Sau phn ng, thu c hn hp Y gm hai mui ca hai axit
cacboxylic v mt ru (ancol). Cho ton b lng ru thu c trn tc dng vi Na (d), sinh ra
3,36 lt H2 ( ktc). Hn hp X gm:
A. mt axit v mt ru.
B. mt este v mt ru.
C. hai este.
D. mt axit v mt este.
Cu 12. (Cu 27. i Hc KB 2008) Hp cht hu c no, a chc X c cng thc phn t C7H12O4.
Cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va vi 100 gam dung dch NaOH 8% thu c cht hu c Y v 17,8 gam
hn hp mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l:
A. CH3OOC(CH2)2COOC2H5.
B. CH3COO(CH2)2COOC2 H5.
C. CH3COO(CH2)2OOCC2H5.
D. CH3OOCCH2COOC3 H7.
Hng dn gii: Do sinh ra hn hp mui Loi A, D n(Y) = 0,1 mol.
Cch 1: Phng php bo ton khi lng
MY = [(16 + 8) 17,8]/0,1 = 62 Y l HOCH2CH2OH.
(Nn tnh nhm mt s gi tr, thay v thc hin php tnh lin hon:
MY = [(1600,1 + 1008%) 17,8]/0,1 = 62 s rt d mc sai st).
Cch 2: Phng php tng gim khi lng
mtng = 17,8 16 = 1,8g (nhm) Mtng = 1,8/0,1 = 18 (nhm) Mgc ru = 232 18 = 28
CH2CH2 X l CH3COO(CH2)2OOCC2 H5.
Hai cch lm thc ra c cng bn cht, phng php tng gim khi lng l mt kt qu c rt ra
t phng php bo ton khi lng. y, d kin no l hon ton tha.
Cu 13. (Cu 39. i Hc KB 2008) X phng ho hon ton 17,24 gam cht bo cn va 0,06
mol NaOH. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c khi lng x phng l:
A. 17,80 gam.
B. 18,24 gam.
C. 16,68 gam.
D. 18,38 gam.
Hng dn gii:
Phn ng: (RCOO)3C3 H5 + 3NaOH 3RCOONa + C3H5(OH)3 (nhm trong u)
Theo bo ton khi lng: m(x phng) = m(cht bo) + m(NaOH) m(glixerol)
m(x phng) = 17,24 + 400,06 920,06/3 =17,80 gam. (cc gi tr 40, 92 v 0,02 l nhm c)
Cu 14. (Cu 27. Cao ng 2009) Cho 20 gam mt este X (c phn t khi l 100 vC) tc dng vi
300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Sau phn ng, c cn dung dch thu c 23,2 gam cht rn khan. Cng
thc cu to ca X l:
A. CH3COOCH=CHCH3
B. CH2=CHCH2 COOCH3
C. CH2=CHCOOC2 H5
D. C2H5COOCH=CH2
Hng dn gii: X: MX = 100 nn d thy X l este n chc RCOOR nX = 0,2(mol) nNaOH = 0,3(mol)
RCOOR+NaOH RCOONa+ROH
Trang 11
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m
0,2
0,2
0,2
mcht rn = mmui + mNaOH d 23,2 = 0,2(R + 67) + 0,140
R = 29 (C2H5); R = 27 (C2H3 hay CH2=CH); X l C2H5COOCH=CH2
Cu 15. (Cu 44. Cao ng 2009) Cho m gam hn hp gm hai cht hu c n chc, mch h tc
dng va vi dung dch cha 11,2 gam KOH, thu c mui ca mt axit cacboxylic v mt ancol
X. Cho ton b X tc dng ht vi Na thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Hai cht hu c l:
A. mt este v mt axit
B. mt este v mt ancol
C. hai axit
D. hai este
Hng dn gii: Trong X c ancol hoc axit
nKOH = 11,2:56 = 0,2(mol)
THA: n(axit) = 2nH2 = 0,3 suy ra s mol KOH tc dng vi axit l 0,3 mol trong khi tng KOH l 0,2
mol (loi)
THD: hai este khng tc dng vi Na
THC: naxit > nKOH
Cu 16. (Cu 2. i Hc KA 2009) X phng ha hon ton 66,6 gam hn hp hai este HCOOC2H5
v CH3COOCH3 bng dung dch NaOH, thu c hn hp X gm hai ancol. un nng hn hp X vi
H2SO4 c 1400C, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam nc. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 18,00.
B. 8,10.
C. 16,20.
D. 4,05.
Hng dn gii:
Cch 1:
Cn nh n phn ng tch nc to ete: 2ROH R2O + H2O
n ancol = 2n Este = 2n H2O
Cc cng thc cn ch :
mancol = m Este = m H2O
HCOOC2 H5 v CH3COOCH3 l hai cht ng khi c cng CTPT l C3H6O2
t0
RCOOR + NaOH
RCOONa + ROH
66, 6
1
n2Este =
= 0,9 mol = nAncol n H2O =
nAncol = 0,45 mol m H2O = 0,4518 = 8,1 gam,
74
2
Cch 2: Nhn thy 2 este ny l ng phn ca nhau c cng M v d dng tnh c s mol.
66, 6
neste =
= 0,9 mol = n ru
74
H 2SO 4 ; 140o C
Phn ng tch nc to ete c t l: 2Ru =
1Ete + 1H2O
1
Do , n H2O = n Ru = 0,45 mol m H2O = 8,1g (gi tr ny c th nhm c).
2
Cch 3: HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 cng ng phn C3 H6O2
Tng s mol hai cht = 66,6:74 = 0,9 (mol)
RCOOR+ NaOH RCOONa + ROH
2ROH R2O + H2O
0,9
0,9 (mol)
0,9
0,45 (mol)
Khi lng nc = 0,4518 = 8,1(gam)
Nhn xt:
bi ny cng kh hin, c th bin bi ton tr nn lt lo hn bng cch thay iu kin 1400C
bng 1800C, khi CH3OH l 1 ru khng tch nc to anken c, nu th sinh ch quan ch vit
ptp dng tng qut nh trn th rt d b mc phi sai st v chn phi p n nhiu.
p n gy nhiu ca cu hi ny kh ty tin, cc gi tr 18 v 4,05 hi v ngha v d dng loi tr
(ngi ra c chia i ra p n nhiu), p n nhiu nht nm gi tr 16,2 kh nhiu em chn
phi p n ny.
Cu 17. (Cu 8. i Hc KA 2009) X phng ha hon ton 1,99 gam hn hp hai este bng dung
dch NaOH thu c 2,05 gam mui ca mt axit cacboxylic v 0,94 gam hn hp hai ancol l ng
ng k tip nhau. Cng thc ca hai este l:
A. HCOOCH3 v HCOOC2 H5.
B. C2H5COOCH3 v C2 H5COOC2H5.
C. CH3COOC2 H5 v CH3COOC3H7.
D. CH3COOCH3 v CH3 COOC2 H5.
Hng dn gii:
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Cch 1: Phng php truyn thng: D dng thy bi ton c th phi s dng Phng php Bo ton
khi lng (bit khi lng ca 3 trong 4 cht trong phn ng), ch l c 4 p n u cho thy 2 este
cho l no, n chc (Phng php Chn ngu nhin)
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng, ta c: mNaOH = mmui + mru meste = 1g = 0,94+2,051,99 = 1g
1
nNaOH =
= 0,025 mol = nmui = nru = neste (este n chc)
40
2,05
Do : M mui =
= 82 axit trong este l CH3COOH
0,025
0,94
V: M ru =
= 37,6 2 ru trong este l CH3OH v C2 H5OH
0,025
1,99
hoc thay 2 bc tnh M mui v M ru bng: M este =
= 79,6 2 este phi l: C3H6O2; C4H8O2
0,025
Cn c vo 4 p n th ch c D l tha mn.
Cch 2:
4 p n cho bit y l este no n chc ca cng mt axit v hai ru ng ng:
RCOO R + NaOH RCOONa + R OH
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng: mNaOH = mRCOONa m ROH meste = 1 gam
S mol este = s mol NaOH = s mol mui = s mol ancol = 1 : 40 = 0,025 mol
2, 05
mR-COONa =
= 82 R = 82 67 = 15 (CH3) nn este c dng CH3COO R
0, 025
0,94
mAncol =
= 37,6 R = 37,6 17 = 20,6 c ngha l R1= 15 (CH3) v R2 = 29 (C2H5) nn ta
0, 025
chn D
Cch 3: Phng php kinh nghim:
T d kin 2,05g ta c th kt lun ngay axit trong este l CH3COOH (kinh nghim) hoc chia th
tm s mol chn (CH3COONa c M = 82)
neste = nmui = 0,025 mol (este n chc)
M este = 1,99 = 79,6 2 este phi l: C3 H6O2 ; C4H8O2
0,025
2 ru trong este l CH3OH v C2H5OH
Nhn xt:
y l mt bi tp kh c bn v phn ng x phng ha este v tng xut hin nhiu trong cc
thi H nhng nm trc y. Do , c th nh gi bi tp ny l khng kh.
cch lm th nht, nu tm Meste th c th tm c ngay p n m khng cn tnh M mui, do ,
p n nhiu nn c thm HCOOC2 H5 v HCOOC3H7 (thay cho p n B) p th sinh phi tm CTPT
ca mui.
Cu 18. (Cu 16. i Hc KA 2009) X phng ha mt hp cht c cng thc phn t C10H14O6
trong dung dch NaOH (d), thu c glixerol v hn hp gm ba mui (khng c ng phn hnh hc).
Cng thc ca ba mui l:
A. CH2=CHCOONa, HCOONa v CHCCOONa.
B. CH3COONa, HCOONa v CH3CH=CHCOONa.
C. HCOONa, CHCCOONa v CH3CH2COONa.
D. CH2=CHCOONa, CH3CH2COONa v HCOONa.
Hng dn gii: p dng cng thc tnh bt bo ha C10H14O6
Tng k = 4 = 3pi(COO) + 1pi gc nn chn phng n B hoc D
B: CH3CH=CHCOONa c ng phn hnh hc nn chn D.
Nhn xt: Cu hi ny hay v kh c bn trong cc bi tp v xc nh CTCT ca este, y, tc gi
cn kho lo a vo cu hi iu kin c ng phn hnh hc.
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Cu 19. (Cu 57. i Hc KA 2009) Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C5H8O2. Cho 5 gam X tc
dng va ht vi dung dch NaOH, thu c mt hp cht hu c khng lm mt mu nc brom v 3,4
gam mt mui. Cng thc ca X l:
A. CH3COOC(CH3)=CH2.
B. HCOOC(CH3)=CHCH3.
C. HCOOCH2CH=CHCH3
D. HCOOCH=CHCH2CH3.
Hng dn gii:
bt bo ha k = 2 chng t este c 1 lin kt pi trong gc hir cacbon
Anehit (mt mu Br)
5
nX =
=0,05mol vC5 H8O2(RCOOR')+NaOH RCOONa +R'OH
Xeton (khngmt mu Br)
100
3, 4
NaOH
MRCOONa =
= 68 R = H; Chn B v HCOOC(CH3)CHCH3
xeton.
0, 05
Cch khc:
5
n mui = nX =
= 0,05 mol
100
t cng thc ca mui l RCOONa
3, 4
Mmui =
= 68 HCOONaloi A
0, 05
V sn phm thy phn cn li (c cha ni i) khng lm mt mu nc brom phi l xeton
C lin kt vi nhm COO mang ni i v c bc bng 2 p n ng l B.
Cu hi ny kh c bn, c yu t bin lun v CTCT nhng khng qu phc tp.
Cu 20. (Cu 48. i Hc KB 2009) Este X (c khi lng phn t bng 103 vC) c iu ch t
mt ancol n chc (c t khi hi so vi oxi ln hn 1) v mt amino axit. Cho 25,75 gam X phn ng
ht vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c d dch Y. C cn Y thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m
l:
A. 29,75
B. 27,75
C. 26,25
D. 24,25
Hng dn gii: nX = 0,25 mol, NaOH = 0,3 mol
X phn ng ht, X l este n chc, NaOH d 0,05 mol
t cng thc ca X l: (H2N)xRCOOR
16x + 44 + R + R = 103
16x + R + R = 59
R > 15 16x + R < 43 x = 1 R + R = 43
R > 15 suy ra R = 29 R = 14
R l CH2, R l C2 H5
Y gm 0,25 mol H2NCH2COONa v 0,05 mol NaOH d
m = 0,2597 + 0,0540 = 26,25g
Cu 21. (Cu 16. Cao ng 2010) Thu phn cht hu c X trong dung dch NaOH (d), un nng,
thu c sn phm gm 2 mui v ancol etylic. Cht X l:
A. CH3COOCH2CH3
B. CH3COOCH2CH2Cl C. ClCH2COOC2 H5
D. CH3COOCH(Cl)CH3
Cu 22. (Cu 29. i Hc KA 2010) Thu phn hon ton 0,2 mol mt este E cn dng va 100
gam dung dch NaOH 24%, thu c mt ancol v 43,6 gam hn hp mui ca hai axit cacboxylic n
chc. Hai axit l:
A. HCOOH v CH3COOH
B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH
C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH
D. HCOOH v C2H5COOH
Hng dn gii:
nNaOH = 24/40 = 0,6 mol = 3 s mol este,
E + NaOH mt ancol + 2 mui ca axt cacboxilic n chc
Cng thc ca E l: [(RCOO)2(RCOO)]R (este ca ancol 3 chc v 2 axit n chc)
t0
[(RCOO)2(RCOO)]R + 3NaOH
R(OH)3 + 2RCOONa + RCOONa
0,2
0,4
0,2
M Mui = 43,6/ 0,6 = 72,67 RMui = 72,67 67 = 5,67. Vy c 1 axt l HCOOH
* TH 1: C 2 gc cu axt fomic (RCOONa).
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0, 4 68 + 0, 2 M RCOONa 43, 6
=
R = 15
0, 6
0, 6
* TH 2: C 1 gc ca axit fomic: loi
Hai axit l: HCOOH v CH3COOH
Cu 23. (Cu 31. i Hc KA 2010) Cho 0,15 mol H2NC3H5(COOH)2 (axit glutamic) vo 175 ml
dung dch HCl 2M, thu c dung dch X. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton, s mol NaOH phn ng l:
A. 0,50.
B. 0,65.
C. 0,70.
D. 0,55.
Hng dn gii: n HCl = 0,175.2 = 0,35 mol
H2NC3H5(COOH)2 + HCl ClH3NC3H5(COOH)2
0,15
0,15
0,15
Dd X: HCl: 0,35 0,15 = 0,2
ClH3NC3 H5(COOH)2: 0,15
HCl + NaOH NaCl = H2O
0,2
0,2
ClH3NC3H5(COOH)2 + 3NaOH H2NC3H5(COONa)2 + NaCl + 3H2O
0,15
0,45
n NaOH = 0,2 + 0,45 = 0,65 mol
Cch khc:
nGlu = 0,15 mol; nHCl = 0,35 mol
nNaOH = 2n.Glu + nHCl = 0,65 mol
Cu 24. (Cu 57. i Hc KA 2010) Cho hn hp X gm ancol metylic v hai axit cacboxylic (no,
n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng) tc dng ht vi Na, gii phng ra 6,72 lt kh H2 (ktc).
Nu un nng hn hp X (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) th cc cht trong hn hp phn ng va vi
nhau to thnh 25 gam hn hp este (gi thit phn ng este ha t hiu sut 100%). Hai axit trong hn
hp X l:
A. HCOOH v CH3COOH.
B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
C. C2H5COOH v C3 H7COOH.
D. C2H7COOH v C4 H9COOH.
Hng dn gii: Gi cng thc trung bnh hai axit: CnH2n + 1COOH
S mol H2 = 0,3 s mol hn hp X = 0,6
P este ho cc cht v s mol CH3OH = s mol hn hp axit = 0,6/2 = 0,3
CnH2n + 1COOH + CH3OH CnH2n + 1COOCH3 + H2O
0,3
0,3
0,3
14n + 60 = 25/0,3
n = 1,67
Cng thc 2 axit: CH3COOH v CH3CH2 COOH
Cu 25. (Cu 1. i Hc KB 2010) Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C6H10O4. Thy
phn X to ra hai ancol n chc c s ng/ t cacbon trong phn t gp i nhau. Cng thc ca X l:
A. CH3OCOCH2COOC2 H5.
B. C2H5OCOCOOCH3.
C. CH3OCOCOOC3H7.
D. CH3OCOCH2CH2COOC2 H5.
Hng dn gii:
ROCORCOOR: Sau khi thy phn th c 2 ancol c s nguyn t cacbon gp i nhau nn loi
C (CH3; C3H7 : 1:3); Do tng c 6 C nn loi B (5n.t C), loi D (7 n.t C). A l ph hp.
Cu 26. (Cu 31. i Hc KB 2010) Thu phn este Z trong mi trng axit thu c hai cht hu c
X v Y (MX < MY). Bng mt phn ng c th chuyn ho X thnh Y. Cht Z khng th l:
A. metyl propionat
B. metyl axetat
C. etyl axetat
D. vinyl axetat
Hng dn gii:
Ch mt phn ng chuyn X thnh Y nn buc s nguyn t C trong X, Y phi bng nhau (Khng th l
A: CH3OH; C2H5COOH)
Cu 27. (Cu 44. i Hc KB 2010) Hn hp M gm axit cacboxylic X, ancol Y (u n chc, s
mol X gp hai ln s mol Y) v este Z c to ra t X v Y. Cho mt lng M tc dng va vi dd
cha 0,2 mol NaOH, to ra 16,4 gam mui v 8,05 gam ancol. Cng thc ca X v Y l:
A. HCOOH v CH3OH
B. CH3COOH v CH3OH
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MMui =
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C. HCOOH v C3H7OH
Hng dn gii:
Gi s mol: RCOOH a ;
Theo gi thit:
D. CH3COOH v C2H5OH
ROH
a;
n RCOONa = n NaOH a + b = 0,2 mol M RCOONa =
RCOOR b
16,4
= 82 M R = 15 CH3 . X l CH 3COOH
0,2
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1
1
(a + b) < n R'OH = a + b < a + b 0,1 < n R'OH < 0,2
2
Loi p n: A v C. 2
40,25 < Mancol < 80,5. Loi p n B.
Cu 28. (Cu 10. Cao ng 2011) phn ng ht vi mt lng hn hp gm hai cht hu c n
chc X v Y (Mx < MY) cn va 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c 24,6 gam mui ca mt axit hu c v m gam mt ancol. t chy hon ton lng ancol trn thu
c 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc) v 5,4 gam H2O. Cng thc ca Y l:
A. CH3COOC2 H5
B. CH3COOCH3
C. CH2=CHCOOCH3
D. C2H5COOC2 H5
Hng dn gii: t cng thc ca mui l RCOONa
n(RCOONa) = n(NaOH) = 0,03 mol M(RCOONa) = 24,6 : 0,03 = 82 R = 15 (CH3)
Khi t chy ancol thu c: n(CO2) = 0,2 < n(H2 O) = 0,3 Ancol l no, n chc:
n H2O n 1 0,3
CnH2n+1OH
=
=
n = 2
n CO2
n
0,2
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Vy ancol l C2H5OH Cng thc ca Y l: CH3COOC2H5; cht X l CH3COOH.

Cu 29. (Cu 27. Cao ng 2011) Cho m gam cht hu c n chc X tc dng va vi 50 gam
dung dch NaOH 8%, sau khi phn ng hon ton thu c 9,6 gam mui ca mt axit hu c v 3,2
gam mt ancol. Cng thc ca X l:
A. CH3COOC2 H5
B. C2H5COOCH3
C. CH2=CHCOOCH3
D. CH3COOCH=CH2
Hng dn gii: t cng thc ca X l RCOOR
n(NaOH) = n(RCOONa) = n(ROH) = 0,1 mol
R+ 17 = 32 R= 15 (CH3); v R + 67 = 96 R = 29 (C2H5)
Vy cng thc ca X l: C2H5COOCH3.
Cu 30. (Cu 10. i Hc KA 2011) Este X c to thnh t etylen glicol v hai axit cacboxylic n
chc. Trong phn t este, s nguyn t cacbon nhiu hn s nguyn t oxi l 1. Khi cho m gam X tc
dng vi dung dch NaOH (d) th lng NaOH phn ng l 10 gam. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 14,5.
B. 17,5.
C. 15,5.
D. 16,5.
Phn tch bi: y l bi ton xui rt n gin v bi cho s mol NaOH v phn ng xy ra
va im mu cht l phi xc nh c ng CTCT ca este ban u.
Hng dn gii: ieste ca etylen glicol vi 2 axit n chc c dng: RCOOCH2CH2OCO-R vi
s nguyn t O = 4 s nguyn t C = 5 v CTCT ca este X l: CH3COOCH2CH2OCOH.
1
1 10
m = Meste nNaOH = 132 16,5 gam
2
2 40
Nhn xt: y l mt bi tp xui nn kh n gin v quen thuc, hy vng phn ln cc em khng
mt im cu ny b cho nhng cu kh hn.
Cu 31. (Cu 5. i Hc KB 2011) Khi cho 0,15 mol este n chc X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH
(d), sau khi phn ng kt thc th lng NaOH phn ng l 12 gam v tng khi lng sn phm hu
c thu c l 29,7 gam. S ng phn cu to ca X tha mn cc tnh cht trn l:
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 2
Hng dn gii:
Theo bi ta c nNaOH = 0,3 mol
nNaOH : nEste = 2 : 1 l este to bi axit v phenol (v cho X l n chc)
RCOOR` + 2NaOH RCOONa + R`ONa + H2O
0,15
0,3
0,15
mEste = 29,7 + 0,15 18 12 = 20,4 gam KLPT ca este l 136 CTPT C8H8O2
Cc ng phn ca n l: CH3COOC6 H5 (1) HCOOC6H4CH3(o) (2)
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HCOOC6 H4CH3 (m) (3) ;HCOOC6 H4CH3 (p) (4) Chn A.

Nhn xt: Mu cht ca bi ton l t l este: NaOH l 1:2 nn este cho phi l este ca phenol vi
anhiritaxit.
Khi iu ch este ca phenol ta khng th cho phenol tc dng c trc tip vi axit tng ng, m
phi l anhidrit tng ng cc em nh.
Cu 32. (Cu 45. Cao ng 2012) Ha hi hon ton 4,4 gam mt este X mch h, thu c th tch
hi bng th tch ca 1,6 gam kh oxi (o cng iu kin). Mt khc, thy phn hon ton 11 gam X
bng dung dch NaOH d, thu c 10,25 gam mui. Cng thc ca X l:
A. C2H5COOCH3.
B. CH3COOC2 H5.
C. C2H5COOC2 H5.
D. HCOOC3 H7.
Hng dn gii: Theo meste = 4,4
1, 6
neste = n O2 =
= 0, 05 Meste = 88 este n chc
32
gi cng thc ca este: RCOOR' + NaOH RCOONa + H2O
0, 05 11
= 0,125
0,125
4, 4
mRCOONa = 10,25 gam MRCOONa = 82 MR = 82 67 = 15(CH3)
nn MR' = 88 44 15 = 29(C2H5)
Vy X: CH3COOC2 H5
Cu 33. (Cu 33. i Hc KB 2012 ) un nng m gam hn hp X gm cc cht c cng mt loi
nhm chc vi 600 ml dung dch NaOH 1,15M, thu c dung dch Y cha mui ca mt axit
cacboxylic n chc v 15,4 gam hi Z gm cc ancol. Cho ton b Z tc dng vi Na d, thu c
5,04 lt kh H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch Y, nung nng cht rn thu c vi CaO cho n khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c 7,2 gam mt cht kh. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 40,60
B. 22,60
C. 34,30
D. 34,51
Hng dn gii:
S mol NaOH = 0,69; S mol H2 = 0,225 mol
Nu ancol n chc, s mol ancol = 0,45 mol
Este c dng: RCOOR.
RCOOR + NaOH RCOONa + ROH
0,45
0,45
0,45
0,45
S mol NaOH cn d = 0,24 mol
RCOONa + NaOH RH + Na2CO3
0,24
0,24 0,24
MRH = 7,2/0,24 = 30. RH l C2 H6.
BTKL: m + 0,4540 = 0,4582 + 15,4 m = 34,3 gam
Nu ancol hai chc: s mol ancol = 0,225 mol
Este c dng: (RCOO)2R
(RCOO)2R + 2NaOH 2 RCOONa + R(OH)2
0,225
0,45
0,45
0,225
RCOONa + NaOH RH + Na2CO3
0,24
0,24 0,24
MRH = 7,2/0,24 = 30. RH l C2 H6.
BTKL: m + 0,4540 = 0,4582 + 15,4 m = 34,3 gam
Cch khc: Mol kh bng axit bng mol ancol = 0,2252 = 0,45. M kh = 7,2/0,45 = 16 metan
Suy ra mui l CH3COONa
Vy m = 15,4 + 0,4582 0,4540 = 34,3 gam
Cu 34. (Cu 37. i Hc KB 2012) Este X l hp cht thm c cng thc phn t l C9H10O2. Cho
X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, to ra hai mui u c phn t khi ln hn 80. Cng thc cu to thu
gn ca X l:
A. CH3COOCH2C6 H5 B. HCOOC6 H4C2 H5
C. C6H5COOC2 H5
D. C2H5COOC6 H5
Hng dn gii:
S mol O trong X = 0,2 mol
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S mol O p = 0,48 mol

S mol O trong H2O = 0,2 mol
BT nguyn t O: s mol O trong CO2 = 0,48 mol
Vy s mol CO2 = 0,24 mol
V s mol CO2 > H2O v 0,1 > 0,24 0,2
nn phi c 1 axit no v 1 axit khng no.
Cu 35. (Cu 17. Cao ng 2013) Este X c cng thc phn t C4H8O2. Cho 2,2 gam X vo 20 gam
dung dch NaOH 8%, un nng, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu
c 3 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. CH3COOCH2CH3. B. HCOOCH(CH3)2.
C. HCOOCH2CH2CH3. D. CH3CH2COOCH3.
Hng dn gii: Theo cc p n X l este RCOOR; C NaOH = 1,6 gam; BTKL mancol = 0,8 g.
RCOOR + NaOH RCOONa + ROH
0,8R 1, 4R 2, 2
R 29
0,8
3 1, 6
1, 4
C:
=
=

Chn D
R +17 R + 27 R + 27
R R 44
R 15
Cu 36. (Cu 24. Cao ng 2013) Khi x phng ha triglixerit X bng dung dch NaOH d, un
nng, thu c sn phm gm glixerol, natri oleat, natri stearat v natri panmitat. S ng phn cu to
tha mn tnh cht trn ca X l:
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 1.
D. 3.
Hng dn gii: Trong X c 3 loi gc axit R1, R2, R3
CH 2 CH CH 2
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R1
R2 R3
Mi gc axit hon i v tr vo gia 1 ln 3 gc axit hon i 3 ln c 3 ng phn cu to.
Cu 37. (Cu 39. i Hc KA 2013) Cho 0,1 mol tristearin ((C17H35COO)3C3H5) tc dng hon ton
vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng, thu c m gam glixerol. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 27,6.
B. 4,6.
C. 14,4.
D. 9,2.
Hng dn gii:
t 0 C3H5(OH)3 + 3C17H35COONa
(C17H35COO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH
0,1
0,1 mol m = 0,1.92 = 9,2 gam.
ht
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KT HP PHN NG T CHY V THY PHN

Cu 1. (Cu 19. Cao ng 2007) Khi t chy hon ton 4,4 gam cht hu c X n cht thu c
sn phm chy ch gm 4,48 lt CO2 ( d8ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Nu cho 4,4 gam hp cht X tc dng
vi dung dch NaOH va n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 4,8 gam mui ca axit hu c Y v
cht hu c Z. Tn ca X l:
A. etyl propionat.
B. metyl propionat.
C. isopropyl axetat.
D. etyl axetat.
Hng dn gii:
4, 48
Gi CTTQ l CxHyOz, Ta c: mC =
12 = 2,4 (gam)
22, 4
3, 6
mH =
2 = 0,4 (gam)
18
mO = 4,4 (2,4+0,4) = 1,6 (gam)
2, 4 0, 4 1, 6
x:y:z =
:
:
= 2 : 4 : 1 (C2H4O)n
12 1 16
4, 4
Theo bi th X l este n chc n = 2 CTPT ca X l: C4 H8O2; nX =
= 0,05 mol
88
R1COOR2 + NaOH R1COONa + R2OH
0,05
0,05
4,8
MR1COONa = R1 + 67 =
= 96 R1 = 29 (C2H5) R2 = 15 (CH3) este l: C2 H5COOCH3
0, 05
*Lu : Do khi lng mui > khi lng este nn este dng RCOOCH3
Trang 18
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m Este
14
n CO2
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Cu 2. (Cu 30. i Hc KB 2009) Cho hn hp X gm hai hp cht hu c no, n chc tc dng

va vi 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,4M, thu c mt mui v 336 ml hi mt ancol ( ktc). Nu t
chy hon ton lng hn hp X trn, sau hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch
Ca(OH)2 (d) th khi lng bnh tng 6,82 gam. Cng thc ca hai hp cht hu c trong X l:
A. HCOOH v HCOOC2 H5
B. CH3COOH v CH3COOC2 H5
C. C2H5COOH v C2 H5COOCH3
D. HCOOH v HCOOC3 H7
Hng dn gii:
Theo bi cho hn hp X gm 1 axit cacboxilic no n chc v 1 este no n chc c cng gc axit
vi axit
S mol KOH = 0,40,1 = 0,04 mol. Suy ra s mol X = 0,04 mol
S mol ancol = 0,336/22,4 = 0,015 mol. Suy ra s mol este = 0,015 mol. S mol axit cacboxilic =
0,04 0,015 = 0,025 mol
n : l s cacbon trung bnh. Ta c: 0,04 n 44 + 0,04 n 18 = 6,82. Suy ra n = 6,82/2,48 = 2,75
n l s nguyn t C ca axit, m l s nguyn t C ca este.
n 0, 025 + m 0, 015
n=
= 2,75. 2,5n + 1,5m = 11
0, 04
2,5n < 11. Suy ra: n < 4,4
n = 1. m = 5,66 (loi)
n = 2. m = 4
n = 3, 4 loi
Axit: CH3COOH, Este: CH3COOC2 H5
Cu 3. (Cu 34. i Hc KB 2009) Hn hp X gm hai este no, n chc, mch h. t chy hon
ton mt lng X cn dng va 3,976 lt kh O2 ( ktc), thu c 6,38 gam CO2. Mt khc, X tc
dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu c mt mui v hai ancol l ng ng k tip. Cng thc phn t ca
hai este trong X l:
A. C2H4O2 v C3H6O2 B. C3H4O2 v C4H6O2
C. C3H6O2 v C4H8O2
D. C2H4O2 v C5H10O2
Hng dn gii:
Loi D v khng phi este no n chc, X + NaOH 1 mui + 2 ancol ng ng lin tip.
Nn X l 2 este ng ng lin tip c cng thc: C n H 2n O 2 .
* S mol O2 = 3,976/22,4 = 0,1775 mol
* S mol CO2 = 6,38/44 = 0,145 mol
Bo ton khi lng: mEste = mCO2 + m H 2O m O2 = 0,14544 + 180,145 0,177532 = 3,31 gam.
32
= 3,625; nn ta chn C.
3,31
14
0,145
tp
://
Cch khc:
* S mol O2 = 3,976/22,4 = 0,1775 mol
* S mol CO2 = 6,38/44 = 0,145 mol
t cng thc trung bnh ca 2 este l: C n H 2n O 2
ht
C n H 2n O 2 +
3n 2
O2 n CO2 + n H2O
2
0,1775
0,145 mol
3n 2
0,145 = 0,1775 n
2
Gii ra c n = 3,6
Hai este l C3 H6O2 v C4H8O2
Cu 4. (Cu 36. i Hc KB 2009) Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH un nng
v vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3. Th tch ca 3,7 gam hi cht X bng th tch ca 1,6 gam kh O2
(cng iu kin v nhit v p sut). Khi t chy hon ton 1 gam X th th tch kh CO2 thu c
vt qu 0,7 lt ( ktc). Cng thc cu to ca X l:
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A. CH3COOCH3
B. O=CHCH2CH2OH C. HOOCCHO
D. HCOOC2 H5
Hng dn gii: X tc dng vi NaOH un nng vy X c chc este tc l trong phn t X phi c t
nht 2 nguyn t oxi.
t cng thc ca X l CnRO2 (R l thnh phn cn li)
nX ca 3,7g = nO2 = 0,05 mol
MX = 74
CnRO2 nCO2
1
1
n
74
74
0,7
1
74 32
n>
; n > 2,3; n 3 3 n <
=3,5 n = 3
74
22,4
12
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R = 74 32 36 = 6 X l C3H6O2
X tc dng c vi AgNO3/NH3 suy ra X l este ca axit HCOOH; X l HCOOC2 H5
Cu 5. (Cu 10. i Hc KA 2010) Hn hp M gm ancol no, n chc X v axit cacboxylic n
chc Y, u mch h v c cng s nguyn t C, tng s mol ca hai cht l 0,5 mol (s mol ca Y ln
hn s mol ca X). Nu t chy hon ton M th thu c 3,36 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 25,2 gam H2O.
Mt khc, nu un nng M vi H2SO4 c thc hin phn ng este ho (hiu sut l 80%) th s gam
este thu c l:
A. 34,20
B. 27,36
C. 22,80
D. 18,24
Hng dn gii:
X: CnH2n+2O + O2 nCO2 + (n+1)H2O
(1)
x
nx
x(n+1)
Y: CnHmO2 + O2 nCO2 + m/2 H2O (2)
y
ny
y m/2
1,5
(1) & (2):
n = /0,5 = 3 ;
3x + y m/2 = 1,4
x + y = 0,5 y = 1,2/(8 m) 2,5< 1,2/(8 m) < 0,5
x<y
3,2 < m < 5,4 m = 4 y = 0,3; x = 0,2
n C3H7 OH < n C2H3COOH , nn tnh este theo ancol. n C3H7 OH p = 0,2 80/100 = 0,16 mol
C3H7OH + C2H3COOH C2H3COOC3 H7 + H2O
0,16
0,16
meste = 1140,16 = 18,24g
Cu 6. (Cu 40. i Hc KA 2010) t chy hon ton mt este n chc, mch h X (phn t c s
lin kt nh hn 3), thu c th tch kh CO2 bng 6/7 th tch kh O2 phn ng (cc th tch kh o
cng iu kin). Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi 200 ml dung dch KOH 0,7M thu c dung
dch Y. C cn Y thu c 12,88 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 7,20.
B. 6,66.
C. 8,88.
D. 10,56.
Hng dn gii: t cng thc ca X l CnH2n 2kO2, k 1
C2H2n+2-2kO2 + (3n1k)/2 O2 nCO2 + (n+1k)H2O
2n
6
=
3n 1 k
7
n = (6 + 6k)/4
k = 1 n = 3
k = 2 n = 4,5 (loi)
Ctpt ca X: C3H6O2
HCOOC2 H5
CH3COOCH3
RCOOR + KOH RCOOK + ROH
Mol:
x
x
x
x(R + 83) + 56(0,14 x) = 12,88
* R = 1 84x 56x + 7,84 = 12,88
x = 0,18
m = 0,18. 74 = 13,32g (loi)
* R =15
98x 56x + 7,84 = 12,88
x = 0,12
m = 0,12.74 = 8,88g
Cu 7. (Cu 8. i Hc KB 2013) Thy phn hon ton m1 gam este X mch h bng dung dch
NaOH d, thu c m2 gam ancol Y (khng c kh nng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2) v 15 gam hn hp
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mui ca hai axit cacboxylic n chc. t chy hon ton m2 gam Y bng oxi d, thu c 0,3 mol
CO2 v 0,4 mol H2O. Gi tr ca m1 l:
A. 11,6.
B. 16,2.
C. 10,6.
D. 14,6.
Hng dn gii:
Cch 1:
Bin lun thnh phn cu to nn este:
Thy phn X thu c hn hp mui ca 2 axit cacboxylic n chc. Vy X phi l 1 este a chc. Sn
phm ch c 1 ancol Y, do Y phi l 1 ancol a chc.
Bin lun cng thc phn t v cu to ca Y:
t chy m2 gam Y bng oxi d, thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,4 mol H2O. Vy trong m2 gam Y, nC = 0,3
mol, nH = 0,8 mol nH:nC = 8:3. Do trong 1 phn t X buc phi c 3C v 8H (cng thc phn t
trng vi cng thc n gin nht). (Phn t X phi c 3nC v 8nH, vi n nguyn dng v 8n < 3nx2 +
2 = 6n+2 hay n<2).
Y l ancol a chc, vy Y c ti a 3 nhm chc OH trong phn t. Nu Y c 3 nhm chc OH,
mi nhm lin kt vi 1C, Y s c kh nng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2. Nhng Y khng c kh nng phn
ng vi Cu(OH)2, do Y ch c th c 2 nhm chc OH. Vy Y phi l C3 HoO2 hay C3H6(OH)2.
t 1 mol Y to ra 3 mol CO2 v 4 mol H2O. Th th t 0,1 mol Y to ra 0,3 mol CO2, 0,4 mol H2O.
Do theo bi, m2 (g) Y ng vi 0,1 mol Y m2 = 0,1MY = 0,176 = 7,6 g
Tnh khi lng este da vo nh lut bo ton khi lng:
X phi c cng thc phn t dng (R1CO)(R2CO)O2C3H6. Khi thy phn X s c:
(R1CO)(R2CO)O2C3H6 + 2NaOH R1COONa + R2COONa + C3H6(OH)2
0,2 mol 0,1 mol
m1 g
8g
15 g
7,6 g
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng,
m1 + mNaOH = mmui + m2
hay m1 = mmui + m2 mNaOH = 15 + 7,6 8 = 14,6g
Cch 2: Lu bi ton ny khng hi CTPT hay cu to ca Este nn khng quan tm axit l axit
no m ch cn tim cc i lng p dng lbt kl:
t chy hon ton m2 gam ancol Y bng oxi d, thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,4 mol H2O. Y l ancol
no n chc mch h
nY = 0,4 0,3 =0,1 mol S C = 3, S H =4 C3H8Oz (z 2)
Thy phn hon ton este X mch h bng dung dch NaOH d, hn hp mui ca hai axit cacboxylic
n chc. nn ancol a chc, mt khc ancol k ha tan c Cu(OH)2 nn khng th l glixerol
z = 2, propan1,3iol m2 = 0,176 =7,6 gam
Este c dng (RCOO)2C3H6 nn phn ng (R l cng thc trung bnh 2 gc hirocacbon)
(RCOO)2C3H6 + 2NaOH 2R COONa + C3H6(OH)2 nNaOH = 2 nru = 0,2mol
Bo ton khi lng c: m1 = m2 + maxit mNaOH = 14,6 gam.
Ngn gn hn: C cng thc ca ancol l C3 H8Ox (x 2) v thy phn thu c 2 mui n chc nn
ancol a chc, mt khc ancol khng ha tan c Cu(OH) 2 nn khng th l glixerol
x = 2, propan1,3iol
BT khi lng c: 0,176 + 15 0,240 = m m = 14,6 gam.
PHN NG ESTE HA
ht
Cu 1. (Cu 41. Cao ng 2007) un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H2SO4 c lm xc
tc) n khi p/ ng t ti trng thi cn bng, thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ha l:
A. 55%
B. 50%
C. 62,5%
D. 75%
12
13,8
Hng dn gii: n CH3COOH =
= 0,2 (mol); n C2H5OH =
= 0,3 (mol); naxt < nAncol Tnh theo axit
60
46
H + , t 0C
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
CH3COOH + C2H5OH
0,2 (mol)
0,2 (mol)
Trang 21

11
100 = 62,5%
17, 6
Cu 2. (Cu 36. i Hc KA 2007) Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH3COOH t l mol 1:1.
Ly 5,3 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 5,75 gam C2H5OH c xc tc H2SO4 c thu c m gam hn hp
este (hiu sut ca cc phn ng este ha u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,10.
B. 10,12.
C. 16,20.
D. 6,48.
Hng dn gii:
y c gi l dng ton ng mol nn ta coi 2 axit nh 1 axit trung bnh R COOH
M HCOOH + M CH3COOH 46 + 60
V M RCOOH =
=
= 53 R = 53 45 = 8
2
2
R COOH + C2H5OH R COOC2 H5 + H2O
0,1
0,1
5,3
S mol hai axit: n 2Axit =
= 0,1 mol = nEste v este chnh l: R COOC2 H5
53
80
Nn khi lng este l: mEste = m RCOOC H = 0,1(8 +12+ 32+29)
= 6,48 gam; ta chn D.
2 5
100
Cch khc:
Gi s mol 2 axit bng nhau l x 46x + 60x = 5,3 x = 0,05 (mol)
5, 75
= 0,125 (mol)
n C2 H5OH =
46
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Meste (LT) = 0,2 88 = 17,6 (gam) H =
H + , t 0C
HCOOC2H5 + H2O
HCOOH + C2H5OH
0,05 0,05 0,05
H + , t 0C
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CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
CH3COOH + C2H5OH
0,05 0,05 0,05
Ru etylic d; meste = 0,05(74 + 88) = 8,1 (gam)
Do hiu sut c 2 qu trnh u bng 80% nn: meste thc t = 8,10,8 =6,48 (gam)
Ch l y, s mol C2H5OH l 0,125 mol nn lng phn ng phi tnh theo cc acid.
M = (53 + 46 18)0,10,8 = 6,48 (cc gi tr 53, 46, 18 l phi thuc hoc tnh nhm c).
Cu 3. (Cu 51. i Hc KA 2007) Khi thc hin phn ng este ha 1 mol CH3COOH v 1 mol
C2H5OH, lng este ln nht thu c l 2/3 mol. t hiu sut cc i l 90% (tnh theo axit) khi
tin hnh este ha 1 mol CH3COOH cn s mol C2H5OH l (bit cc phn ng este ha thc hin cng
nhit ):
A. 0,456.
B. 2,412.
C. 2.925.
D. 0,342.
Hng dn gii:
H+ , t0C
CH3COOH + C2H5OH
CH3COOC2 H5 + H2O
Trc phn ng:
1 mol
1 mol
Phn ng:
2/3
2/3
2/3
2/3
Cn bng:
1/3
1/3
2/3
2/3
2 2
[CH3COOC 2 H5 ][H 2 O] 3 3
Kcb =
=
=4
[CH 3COOH][C2 H 5OH] 1 1
3 3
H+ , t0C
Theo iu kin bi ton ta c: CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2 H5 + H2O
Trc phn ng:
1 mol
1 mol
Phn ng:
0,9
x 0,9
0,9
0,9
Cn bng:
0,1
x 0,9
0,9
0,9
[CH3COOC 2 H5 ][H 2 O]
0,9 0, 9
Kcb =
=
= 4 x = 2,925 (mol)
[CH 3COOH][C2 H 5OH] 0,1 (x 0, 9)
Cu 4. (Cu 28. i Hc KB 2007) Cho glixerol (glixerin) phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm
Trang 22

C17H35COOH v C15 H31COOH, s loi trieste c to ra ti a l:
A. 6.
B. 3.
C. 5.
D. 4.
Hng dn gii:
Glixerol c 3 nhm OH, khi tham gia phn ng este ha vi 2axit khc nhau th s trieste ti a l 6:
O
R1
R2
R2
R1
R2
R2
R2
R1
R1
R2
O
H2CO C R2
R1
R1
R2
R1
R2
||
||
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||
H2CO C R1
|
HCO C R1
H + , t 0C
oc
O
Cu 5. (Cu 15. Cao ng 2008) un nng 6,0 gam CH3COOH vi 6,0 gam C2H5OH (c H2SO4 lm
xc tc, hiu sut phn ng este ho bng 50%). Khi lng este to thnh l:
A. 4,4 gam.
B. 6,0 gam.
C. 5,2 gam.
D. 8,8 gam.
Hng dn gii:
6
6
n CH3COOH =
= 0,1 (mol); n C2 H5OH =
= 0,13 (mol); naxt < nAncol Tnh theo axit
60
46
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CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
CH3COOH + C2H5OH
0,1 (mol) 0,1 (mol)
50
Khi lng este: Meste (LT) = 0,188
= 4,4 gam.
100
Cu 6. (Cu 31. Cao ng 2010) Cho 45 gam axit axetic phn ng vi 69 gam ancol etylic (xc tc
H2SO4 c), un nng, thu c 41,25 gam etyl axetat. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l:
A. 62,50%
B. 50,00%
C. 40,00%
D. 31,25%
Hng dn gii:
naxit axetic = 0,75 ; nancol etylic = 1,5 ancol d m este (l thuyt) = 0,7588 = 66 (g)
41, 25
H% =
100 = 62,5%
66
Cu 7. (Cu 2. i Hc KA 2011) Cho axit salixylic (axit ohiroxibenzoic) phn ng vi anhirit
axetic, thu c axit axetylsalixylic (oCH3COOC6H4COOH) dng lm thuc cm (aspirin). phn
ng hon ton vi 43,2 gam axit axetylsalixylic cn va V lt dung dch KOH 1M. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,72.
B. 0,48.
C. 0,96.
D. 0,24.
Hng dn gii:
Phn tch bi: Nhn thy y l bi ton xui rt n gin v bi cho s mol cht u
v phn ng xy ra va im mu cht l phi xc nh c ng t l phn ng.
Trong cng thc ca asprin va c 1 nhm chc axit (COOH) tc dng vi KOH theo t l 1:1,
va c 1 nhm chc este ca phenol (COOC6H4 ) tc dng vi KOH theo t l 1:2.
Do , t l phn ng tng cng l asprin: KOH = 1 : 3.
43, 2
nKOH = 3n aspirin = 3
= 0,72 mol V = 0,72 lt
180
Nhn xt:
Cu hi ny kh d, tuy nhin, hc sinh cng cn c kin thc tng i vng vng khng b ngp
trc ci tn rt ku ca aspirin hoc cng thc c v phc tp ca n v nu xc nh sai
t l phn ng th cc em s d ri vo p n nhiu, trong , p n 0,48 (ng vi t l 1:2) l p n
nhiu d mc phi nht.
Ngoi ra, i vi cc bn ang trong qu trnh n tp th c th lu thm v phn ng este ha bng
anhirit axit i vi nhm chc OH phenol.
Cu 8. (Cu 16. i Hc KA 2012) t chy hon ton 7,6 gam hn hp gm mt axit cacboxylic no,
n chc, mch h v mt ancol n chc (c s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t khc nhau) thu c
Trang 23

0,3 mol CO2 v 0,4 mol H2O. Thc hin phn ng este ha 7,6 gam hn hp trn vi hiu sut 80% thu
c m gam este. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,08.
B. 6,12.
C. 8,16.
D. 2,04.
Hng dn gii:
Ta c s mol CO2 < s mol H2O ancol no n chc, s mol ancol = s mol H2Os mol CO2=0,1 mol
Do C ca ancol < s mol CO2/ s mol ancol = 3 ancol c th l CH3OH hoc C2H5OH.
gh
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m
-Vi CH3OH, axit tng ng l C4 H8O2 (0,05mol) m=0,05(88+3218)80/100= 4,08g.

-Vi C2 H5OH, axit tng ng l CH3COOH (0,05mol) loi v c cng s C vi ancol.
Cch khc: Gi cng thc ca axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h: CnH2nO2
cng thc ca ancol n chc: CmH2m +2-2kO
t: CnH2nO2 : x (mol); CmH2m +2-2kO: y (mol)
14n 32 x 14m 18 2k y 7, 6
14 nx my 32x 18y 2ky 7, 6
Ta c :
nx my 0,3
nx my 0,3
nx + (m + 1 k)y = 0,4
nx + my + y ky = 0,4
32x + 18y 2ky = 7,6 140,3 = 3,4
y ky = 0,1
32x + 16y = 3,2 2x + y = 0,2
k = 0 y = 0,1 x = 0,05
th vo trn: 0,05n + 0,1m = 0,3 hay n + 2m = 6
V n khc m nn m =1 v n = 4. CTPT este C5H10O2. ancol d; theo l thuyt s mol este = s mol
axit = 0,05. meste = 0,0510280% = 4,08g
XC NH CH S CHT BO
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Cu 1. (Cu 54. Cao ng 2007) trung ha lng axit t do c trong 14 gam mt mu cht bo
cn 15ml dung dch KOH 0,1M. Ch s axit ca mu cht bo trn l:
A. 4,8
B. 7,2
C. 6,0
D. 5,5
Hng dn gii:
nKOH =150,1 = 1,5(milimol) mKOH =1556 = 84 (mg)
84
Ch s axit =
=6
16
Cu 2. (Cu 37. Cao ng 2010) trung ho 15 gam mt loi cht bo c ch s axit bng 7, cn
dng dung dch cha a gam NaOH. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 0,150
B. 0,280
C. 0,075
D. 0,200
Hng dn gii:
m
Ch So Axit
15 7
n KOH = ChatBeo
=
=1,87510-3 = n NaOH a = m NaOH = 0,075
1000 56
1000 56
Cu 3. (Cu 29. Cao ng 2011) x phng ho hon ton 52,8 gam hn hp hai este no, n
chc, mch h l ng phn ca nhau cn va 600 ml dung dch KOH 1M. Bit c hai este ny u
khng tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cng thc ca hai este l:
A. CH3COOC2 H5 v HCOOC3H7
B. C2H5COOC2 H5 v C3 H7COOCH3
C. HCOOC4 H9 v CH3COOC3H7
D. C2H5COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5
Hng dn gii:
n(hai este) = nKOH = 0,61 = 0,6 mol M(hai este) = 52,8 : 0,6 = 88
V c hai este ny u khng tham gia phn ng trng bc v c KLPT l 88 cng thc ca
hai este l C2H5COOCH3 v CH3COOC2 H5
Cu 4. (Cu 3. i Hc KB 2011) Cho 200 gam mt loi cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 tc dng va
vi mt lng NaOH, thu c 207,55 gam hn hp mui khan. Khi lng NaOH tham gia phn
ng l:
A. 31 gam
B. 32,36 gam
C. 30 gam
D. 31,45 gam
Hng dn gii:
Trang 24
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* Trc tin chng ta cn phi ghi nh c mt s khi nim:

+ Ch s acid: L khi lng cht KOH tnh theo miligam (mg) dng trung ha ht lng axit bo
cn tn ti trong 1 gam cht bo.
RCOOH + KOH RCOOK + H2O
7
Theo bi ch s acid bng 7 ta c: nKOH =
10 3 = 1,25 10 4 mol
56
Vy trong 200 gam cht bo cn lng KOH l 2001,2510-4 = 0,025 mol
S mol ca NaOH dng trung ha lng acid d l: nNaOH = nKOH = 0,025 mol
Hoc:
1 gam cht bo cn 7 mg KOH. Vy 200 gam cht bo cn 2007=1400 mg KOH tng ng vi
1400:56 = 25mmol hay 0,025mol cng tng ng vi 0,025 mol NaOH
200 7
S mol NaOH = s mol KOH dng trung ha axit bo t do l:
= 0,025mol
1000 56
S mol H2O to ra: 0,025 mol
Gi a l s mol ca NaOH ban u s mol NaOH p trieste: a 0,025
(RCOO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH 3RCOONa + C3H5(OH)3
a 0, 025
s mol glixerol thu c:
3
LBTKL: m cht bo + m NaOH = m mui + m glixerol + m H2O
a 0, 025
200 + 40a = 207,55 + 92
+ 18 0,025 a = 0,775 mNaOH = 31 gam
3
Nhn xt: y l mt bi tp khng qu kh, nhng i hi cc em hc sinh phi ghi nh khi nim v
ch s acid, l ch s m t em hc sinh ti bi n ch l 1 bi tp nh trong sch gio khoa phn
lipit
Qua bi ny thy mun nhc v nhn mnh mt iu l cc em cn phi ch nhng chi tit nh nht
c hc trong sch gio khoa. Bi qua mt loi cc bi, cu hi trong thi ny cng nh thi
khi A, cc em d dng nhn thy c nhng iu m cc em thng t lu tm ti n li c trong
thi.
Cu 5. (Cu 3. i Hc KA 2012) Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) Cht bo c gi chung l triglixerit hay triaxylglixerol.
(b) Cht bo nh hn nc, khng tan trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c.
(c) Phn ng thy phn cht bo trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch.
(d) Tristearin, triolein c cng thc ln lt l: (C17H33COO)3C3H5, (C17H35COO)3C3H5.
S pht biu ng l:
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 1.
Hng dn gii:
Nhn vo cu hnh cng bit. p n ng l A (a,b,c). nu khng ch s chn lun c d nu khng
thuc tn gi v cng thc.
Tristearin, triolein c cng thc ln lt l: (C17H35COO)3C3H5. (C17H33COO)3C3H5,
Cu 6. (Cu 29. i Hc KA 2012) Cho dy cc hp cht thm: p-HO-CH2-C6H4-OH, p-HO-C6H4 COOC2 H5, p-HO-C6H4-COOH, p-HCOO-C6H4-OH, p-CH3O-C6H4-OH. C bao nhiu cht trong dy
tha mn ng thi 2 iu kin sau?
(a) Ch tc dng vi NaOH theo t l mol 1 : 1.
(b) Tc dng c vi Na (d) to ra s mol H2 bng s mol cht phn ng.
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 1.
D. 2.
Hng dn gii: Cht tc dng c vi NaOH theo t l mol 1:1 c th l axit n chc hoc phenol
n chc hoc este n chc
Cht tc dng c vi Na(d) to ra s mol H2 bng s mol cht phn ng cht tc dng c th l
tp cht (c cha 1 nhm OH v 1 nhm COOH) hoc c 2 nhm OH, cht l p-HO-CH2-C6 H4-OH
Ch c p-HO-CH2-C6 H4-OH l tho mn c 2 iu kin.
p-HO-C6H4-COOC2 H5, HO-C6 H4-COOH tc dng vi NaOH t l 1:2 Loi
p-HCOO-C6 H4-OH: tc dng vi NaOH t l 1:3 Loi
Trang 25
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p-CH3O-C6H4-OH: tc dng vi Na t l 1:1 Loi

p-HO-CH2-C6H4-OH + NaOH p-HO-CH2-C6H4-ONa + H2O
p-HO-CH2-C6H4-OH + 2Na p-NaO-CH2-C6H4-ONa + H2
p-HO-C6H4-COOC2 H5 + 2NaOH p-NaO-C6H4-COONa + HOC2H5
p-HO-C6H4-COOC2 H5 + Na p-NaO-C6H4-COOC2H5 + H2
p-HO-C6H4-COOH + 2NaOH p-NaO-C6H4-COONa + 2H2O
p-HO-C6H4-COOH + 2Na p-NaO-C6H4-COONa + H2
p-HCOO-C6H4-OH + 3NaOH HCOONa + p-NaO-C6H4-ONa + 3H2O
p-HCOO-C6H4-OH + Na HCOO-C6H4-ONa + H2
p-CH3O-C6H4-OH + NaOH HCOO-C6 H4-ONa + H2O
p-CH3O-C6H4-OH + Na HCOO-C6H4-ONa + H2
Cu 7. (Cu 16. i Hc KB 2012) S trieste khi thy phn u thu c sn phm gm glixerol, axit
CH3COOH v axit C2 H5COOH l:
A. 9
B. 4
C. 6
D. 2
Hng dn gii:
CH3COOCH2CH(CH3OOC)CH2OOCC2 H5, CH3COOCH2CH(C2 H5OOC)CH2OOCC2 H5,
CH3COOCH2CH(C2 H5OOC)CH2OOCCH3, C2H5COOCH2CH(CH3OOC)CH2OOCC2H5
Cch khc: CH3COOH(A) C2H5COOH(B)
AAB; ABA; BBA; BAB c 4 cht Chn B.
Cu 8. (Cu 39. i Hc KB 2012) Cho phng trnh ha hc:
0
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CaO; t
2X + 2NaOH
2CH4 + K2CO3 + Na2CO3; Cht X l:
A. CH2(COOK)2
B. CH2(COONa)2
C. CH3COOK
D. CH3COONa
Hng dn gii: Loi B v D v sau phn ng c K nn X phi cha K
Sau phn ng c 2K m trc phn ng c 2X mi X c cha 1Kali Chn C
(nu 1 cht, bo ton H c (2.4 2) : 2 =3 X c 3H)
2CH3COOK + 2NaOH 2CH4 + K2CO3 + Na2CO3
Trang 26
P N CC CU HI TRC NGHIM
I. Bi tp l thuyt, Xc nh CTCT, CTPT
2B
12D
22B
3C
13D
23A
4D
14C
24D
5A
15D
25B
6D
16A
26A
7D
17B
27D
3C
4A
5D
6D
7D
4C
14D
24B
34D
5C
15B
25A
35D
6D
16B
26A
36D
7A
17D
27D
37D
II. Phn ng chy

1A
2A
2D
12C
22A
32B
3D
13A
23B
33C
gh
oa
h
1B
11D
21C
31A
9A
19D
10A
20B
8A
9A
10B
8A
18D
28A
9A
19B
29B
10A
20C
30D
oc
III. Phn ng thy phn H+; OH-
8D
18D
.co
m
1A
11D
21D
IV. Kt hp phn ng chy v phn ng thy phn

1B
2B
3C
4D
V. Phn ng este ha
1C
2D
3C
4A
1C
2C
3B
4C
6C
5A
bl
o
VI. Xc nh ch s cht bo
5D
5A
7D
6A
7A
8A
6C
7B
8C
---Benjamin Franklin---
--------HT--------
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Ngh lc bn b c th chinh phc mi th
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TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

TNG HP THI H C: ESTE LIPIT

BI TP L THUYT, XC NH CTCT, CTPT

Cu 1. (Cu 6. i Hc KA 2007) Mnh khng ng l:

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

C. S nguyn t hiro trong phn t este n v a chc lun l mt s chn.

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

etyl fomat: HCOOC2 H5 + NaOH HCOONa + C2H5OH

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

C6H5CH=CH2 + Br2 C6H5CHBrCH2Br

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

HCOOCH=CH-CH2, HCOOCH2 CH=CH2, HCOOC(CH3)=CH2, CH3 COOCH=CH2.

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

Cu 1. (Cu 43. i Hc KB 2007) Hai este n chc X v Y l ng phn ca nhau. Khi ho hi

y l mt dng bi tp thng thng kh ph bin v khng kh.

2 lin kt i trong gc HC v n chc nn khi chy cho: 2naxit = n CO2 n H 2O

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

Ly (1) (2) ta c 2z = 0,03

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

Y l ancol no c s nguyn t cacbon l:

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

+ Khi R1 = CH3 th R2 = 15 (CH3) CH3COOCH=CHCH3

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

Lu : Cn thuc lng M ca Tristearin: M = 890 (lipit no) lm chun

Khi c cn cht rn thu c chnh l mui nn m mui = 0,0482 = 3,28 (gam)

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

n RCOONa = n NaOH a + b = 0,2 mol M RCOONa =

Vy ancol l C2H5OH Cng thc ca Y l: CH3COOC2H5; cht X l CH3COOH.

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

HCOOC6 H4CH3 (m) (3) ;HCOOC6 H4CH3 (p) (4) Chn A.

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

S mol O p = 0,48 mol

KT HP PHN NG T CHY V THY PHN

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

Cu 2. (Cu 30. i Hc KB 2009) Cho hn hp X gm hai hp cht hu c no, n chc tc dng

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

Meste (LT) = 0,2 88 = 17,6 (gam) H =

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

-Vi CH3OH, axit tng ng l C4 H8O2 (0,05mol) m=0,05(88+3218)80/100= 4,08g.

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

* Trc tin chng ta cn phi ghi nh c mt s khi nim:

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

p-CH3O-C6H4-OH: tc dng vi Na t l 1:1 Loi

TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

II. Phn ng chy

III. Phn ng thy phn H+; OH-

IV. Kt hp phn ng chy v phn ng thy phn

Ngh lc bn b c th chinh phc mi th

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