REMOTE SENSING

Concept of remote sensing. Indian Remote Sensing (IRS)

satellites. Imageries- IRS products, MSS bands- blue, green, red
and near infra red, False Colour Composite (FCC). Application of
remote sensing in natural resources. Introduction to Geographical
Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS).

REMOTE SENSING :

Remote
Sensing (
)

,
(Satellites) ,
.

REMOTE SENSING :

Remote Sensing
3
Sensor
Electro Magnetic
Radiation

Object
to be
sense
d

REMOTE SENSING :

A.
B.
C. Target
Interaction
D.
recording
E. ,

(Transmission,
Reception and
Processing)
F.
(Interpretation and

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

REMOTE SENSING :

REMOTE SENSING :

REMOTE SENSING : ACTIVE/PASSIVE

REMOTE SENSING :

Remote Sensing
(Electromagnetic
radiation) (record) .

.
.
.
Photography active remote sensing
.
Landsat (), SPOT ()
Radiometer, Imaging
radiometer, Spectrometer, Hyperspectral
radiometer Sensors ()

Passive

REMOTE SENSING :

REMOTE SENSING :

Active Remote Sensing :

.
, , .

RADAR, SONAR, LIDAR

:

(Echo)

.



.

.
SONAR
(SOund Navigation And
Ranging) .

.

SONAR .

RADAR

.
;
RADAR (RAdio Detection And
.
Ranging)
.

LIDAR

, : LASER (light
amplification by stimulated emission of
radiation) LIDAR .

, .
;
.
.

;

)
. (.
(thermal infrared)

REMOTE SENSING: BANDS

(Sensors) Visible ()
Near infrared ( )

.
Landsat 1972
.

MSS
TM .

REMOTE SENSING: BANDS

MSS - Multispectral Scanner.

Resolution 60 4
Spectrometer

(MSS
Band)

(micro
meters)

4
5
6

0.5 0.6
0.6 0.7
0.7 0.8

0.8 1.1

REMOTE SENSING: BANDS

TM Thematic Mapper.
Resolution 30 7
Spectrometer
.

FALSE COLOUR COMPOSITE (FCC)

(FCC)
(Infrared)
(filters)

.
.

FALSE COLOUR COMPOSITE (FCC)

FCC

FALSE COLOUR COMPOSITE (FCC)

 IRS

1979 1981 -2
: IRS
.
:

 IRS

:


(Integrated
Mission for Sustainable Development)
1992

174

 IRS

FASAL :
1988

CAPE (Crop Acreage and

Production Estimation)
, ,
. ,
,
. .
,

. CAPE

 IRS

FASAL :


FASAL
(Forecasting
Agricultural output using Space,
Agrometeorological
and
Land

based observations)
.
, , ,

.
.

 IRS

:
WRIS:
WATER
RESOURCE
S
INFORMATI
ON
SYSTEM

Web-enabled


GIS
, NGOs ,
.

 IRS

:
VRC (Village Resource Centres)


communication


.
,

,
, ,
, . .

 IRS

:
VRC (Village Resource Centres)


communication


.
,

,
, ,
, . .

TYPES OF SATELLITES & LAUNCH VEHICLES

Geosynchrono
us

Sunsynchronou
s

1. PSLV
2.GSLV

IRS 1A:

LAUNCH DATE: 17 MARCH 1988

I st in series of Remote Sensing Satellite

Polar sun synchronous orbit from the vostok in
USSR
ORBITAL PARAMETER
Altitude - 904 Km
Inclination - 99 degrees
Local Time - 9:40 A.M
Repetivity - 22 Days
Orbits/day-14
Period -103 minutes
Sensors- LISS-I, LISS-II

IRS-1A

Mission completed July 1996

after serving for 8 years

LISS - I SENSOR

LISS - II Sensor

Linear Imaging Self Scanning Sensors

(LISS)

Resolution -72.5 m
Swath -148 km
Repetivity- 22 days
Spectral Bands
0.45 - 0.52 microns
(B)
0.52 - 0.59 microns
(G)
0.62 - 0.68 microns
(R)
0.77 - 0.86 microns
(NIR)

Solid state
detectors.
Charge Coupled
Devices (CCD).
Terrain in the cross
track
Detector stored
image & form scan
lines
Two dimensional
picture.
Resolution depends
on no. of photo
detector & the
swath.

Resolution -36.25 m
Swath -74 x 2 km
Repetivity -22 days
Spectral Bands
0.45 - 0.52 microns
(B)
0.52 - 0.59 microns
(G)
0.62 - 0.68 microns
(R)
0.77 - 0.86 microns

2nd Generation Satellite

Large Ground Station Networ

1C
IRS
1D

LAUNCH DATE:19MAY, 1995

LAUNCH DATE:27 SEP 1997

On Board Tape Recorder (OBTR) with

capacity of 62 Gb, storing data 24 min.

IRS1C

Enhanced Payloads like better Spatial

resolution additional spectral band,
improved repetitively
ORBITAL PARAMETER
Orbit: Polar Sun synchronous
Altitude: 817 Km
Inclination: 98.69 deg
L.Time:10:30 A.M (descending
mode)
Repetivity: 24 Days
Orbits/cycle :341
Period:101.35 min
Sensors: PAN, LISS-III, WiFS

Mission completed

IRS1D

Mission completed

OCEANSAT-1 LAUNCH DATE: 26MAY 1999

first satellite built for Ocean applications
weight 1050 kg orbit by PSLV-C2
Sriharikota.

Two sensor Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM)

Multi - frequency Scanning Microwave
Radiometer (MSMR) for oceanographic
studies.

Extend applications to several newer areas.

Having swath 1420km to 1660km

Mission completed on August 8, 2010

RD

GENERATION

Launch Date 17Oct,2003

Launch Date 20 April,2011

Resourcesat-1 &
2
Mission Objectives:

Provide continued remote sensing data for integrated land & water resource
management with enhanced multi-spectral / spatial coverage and stereo imaging.
Further carry out studies improved urban planning, national security, forestry and
disaster management.

CARTOSAT-1 (IRS P5) LAUNCH DATE 5 MAY,2005

Mission Objectives:
design & develop stereo
imaging & cartographic
applications.
stimulate areas of user
applications in urban
management, mineral
exploration, & disaster
management

ORBITAL PARAMETER

Orbital Altitude :
Inclination :
Local time:
Revisit :

618 km

97.87 degree
10:30 AM

5 days

Repetition:

126 days

Orbits/day:

14

Period :

97minutes

Payload: two PAN sensors

4TH GENERATION

CARTOSAT-2

ORBITAL PARAMETER
Altitude: 630 km
Period: 97.4 min.
Time descend : 9.30
am
Orbits/day: 14
Revisit: 4 days
Repitivity: 310 day
Power: solar array
Pay load: PAN

Launched 1/10/07
Operational life: 5 years

PAN
specificatio
n

Resolution : better than 1mt

Swath: 9.6 km
Spectral band: 0.5-0.85 mm
Solid state recorder: 64 GB capacity for image storage

An advance sensor to give specific spot imagery.

Images use- detailed mapping, infrastructure development &
management

MEGHATROPICS

tropical atmosphere

water cycles
2003 ; 2004
.

12 2011 (PSLV C18 )
3 micro-satellites: SRMSAT built
by the SRM University, Chennai, the 3 kg
remote sensing satellite Jugnu from the
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur(IIT
Kanpur) and the 28.7 kg VesselSat-1 of

SARAL

Satellite with ARgos and ALtiKa

mission of Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO) and CNES (Space
Agency of France).
SARAL will perform altimetric
measurements designed to study
ocean circulation and sea surface
elevation
SARAL was successfully launched on
25 February 2013

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)

GIS , ,
.
,

,
GIS
, ,
, ,
, ,
.

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)

1961 .
GIS

Data Data
management .
: (, , )

, ,
, , , ,

: ,

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)

GPS


(Base
Station)

GPS 31

24
).
(20,000

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)

;

.

.

;
GPS
.
;
.
GPS

1575.42
MHz

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)

GPS Navigation
.

.

GPS

Satellite Navigational
Systems

GPS (US 24)

Operational

In
Development
Regional
Systems

GLONASS
(Russia 24)
Galileo (EU
30)
BeiDou (China
- 35)
IRNSS (India
7)

IRNSS

Indian Regional Navigation Satellite

System
:
.
3 GEO (Geosynchronous
Earth Orbits) 4 GSO
(Geosynchronous Orbits)
36,000 .

GPS

IRNSS

IRNSS 1A 1
2013
.
IRNSS 1D 28 2015
.
2016 3
.

10 . .

IRNSS

ISRO

ISRO

ISRO > > >15

1969
: ,
,
,

:
: ,
. .
: Space Technology in the
Service of Human Kind

ISRO MAJOR CENTRES

ISRO
Centre
s

PSLV, GSLV