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phm vi p dng
1.1.
1.2.
Thit k , b bao, cng trnh giao thng thu, cng trnh bin khng thuc phm vi
iu chnh ca tiu chun ny.
1.3.
Tiu chun ny p dng cho mi D n thy li thc hin trn lnh th Vit Nam,
thuc mi loi hnh: xy dng mi, sa cha, phc hi, nng cp hoc m rng; khng
phn bit ngun vn. Ch c php p dng nhng tiu chun khc vi tiu chun ny
khi c s chp thun ca C quan qun l Nh nc c thm quyn.
1.4.
Khi nghin cu, thit k cc cng trnh thy li ngoi vic tun th nhng quy nh
ch yu nu trong tiu chun ny cn phi tun th cc quy nh trong cc Lut, cc
vn bn di Lut, cc tiu chun TCVN, TCXD, TCXDVN, TCN, cc iu c quc
t v cc tha thun m nh nc Vit Nam tham gia hoc k kt c lin quan n
i tng thy li ang xem xt.
2.
2.1.
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Theo thi gian s dng, cng trnh thy trong cc D n thy li c chia thnh
cng trnh lu di v cng trnh tm thi:
www.vncold.vn
2.2.
Cng trnh tm thi l cng trnh ch s dng trong thi k xy dng hoc ch
dng sa cha cng trnh lu di trong thi k khai thc ( quy, cng trnh
dn, x lu lng thi cng, cu tm v.v...).
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2.3.
2.4.
Cp thit k ca cng trnh u mi, bao gm c cng trnh u mi trong khai thc
bc thang l cp cao nht c la chn t cp xc nh theo nng lc phc v ca
chnh u mi hoc t cp xc nh theo c tnh k thut ca cc hng mc cng
trnh thy c mt trong cng trnh u mi:
a. Cp theo nng lc phc v c xc nh theo bng 2.1.
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2.5.
2.6.
www.vncold.vn
Cp thit k
II
III
IV
50
<5010
<10 2
<2 0,2
<0,2
300
< 30050
<50 5
<5 0,2
<0,2
20
<20 10
<10 2
<2
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Bng 2.2. Cp thit k ca cng trnh theo c tnh k thut ca cc hng mc cng
trnh thy
Loi cng trnh thy
1. p vt liu t, t - c
chiu cao ln nht, m
2. p b tng, b tng ct
thp cc loi v cc cng
trnh thy chu p khc c
chiu cao, m
3. Tng chn c chiu
cao, m
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Loi
t
nn
Cp thit k
II
III
IV
>100
>70 100
>25 70
>10 25
10
>75
>35 75
>15 35
>8 15
>50
>25 50
>15 25
>8 15
>100
>60 100
>25 60
>10 25
10
>50
>25 50
>10 25
>5 10
>25
>20 25
>10 20
>5 10
>40
>25 40
>15 25
>8 15
>30
>20 30
>12 20
>5 12
>25
>18 25
>10 18
>4 8
>1000
>2001000
>20 200
>1 20
Ch thch:
www.vncold.vn
2.7.
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2.8.
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c. Cc cng trnh thy trong cm nng lng, h thng ti tiu nng nghip c th
tin hnh tu b sa cha cng trnh m khng lm nh hng ng k n s lm
vic bnh thng ca u mi thy li.
2.10.
2.11.
Vic xc nh cp thit k cng trnh thu li theo bng 2.1 v 2.2 cng nh vic
xut nng hoc h cp u phi gii trnh da trn nhng lun c xc ng trnh ln
cp ph duyt D n quyt nh.
2.12.
2.13.
Quan h cp thit k gia cng trnh ch yu - cng trnh th yu - cng trnh tm thi
trong mt cng trnh u mi hoc h thng dn c qui nh trong bng 2.3.
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2.9.
Bng 2.3. Quan h cp thit k gia cng trnh ch yu - cng trnh th yu - cng trnh
tm thi trong mt cng trnh u mi hoc h thng dn
Cp thit k ca cng trnh u mi hoc h
thng dn
II
III
IV
I
III
IV
II
III
IV
III
IV
V
IV
V
V
V
V
V
www.vncold.vn
3.
3.1.
3.2.
Vic la chn trnh t khai thc bc thang, quy m cng trnh, hnh loi cng trnh, b
tr tng th, cc thng s chnh cng nh cc mc nc tnh ton in hnh cn phi
c quyt nh trn c s so snh cc ch tiu kinh t - k thut gia cc phng n
v c xt ti:
a. a im xy dng cng trnh, cc iu kin t nhin trong vng chu nh hng
ca D n (iu kin kh hu, thy vn, a hnh, a cht cng trnh, a cht thy
vn, tn kin to, mi trng sinh thi v.v...).
b. Nhu cu hin ti v tng lai cho ti tiu, cung cp nc, phng chng l, nng
lng, vn ti thy, cng nghip, du lch v.v... c lin quan n ngun nc ca lu
vc ang xem xt.
c. D bo v s thay i ch thy vn, ch l thng h lu sau khi xy dng
cng trnh c xt n k hoch m thm cc cng trnh hoc h dng nc mi trn
lu vc trong tng lai; D bo din bin lng dn, b sng, bi sng, b h, vng
ca sng, vng ngp v bn ngp; S thay i ch lng ng bi xi bn ct
thng, h lu; nh gi v xut bin php hn ch cc tc ng bt li.
d. Khi xy dng cc h cha cn phn tch nh gi nhng tc ng bt li sau y:
- Nhng thit hi vt cht do ngp gy ra: mt t c bit l t nng nghip, cc
khu bo tn thin nhin, rng c dng, ti nguyn khong sn, c s vt cht kinh
t- x hi- vn ho v s mt i cc a danh lch s, cc danh lam thng cnh.
- Nguy c dn n vic thu hp hoc lm mt i nhng vng dn c sinh sng lu
i; nhng bt li v an ninh- x hi- dn tc- quc phng, hu qu do v p c
th gy ra.
- Tnh kh thi v iu kin tin cy ca cng tc di dn ti nh c m bo s hn
hn v mi mt ca ni mi.
- Vng chu nh hng h lu h cha do s thay i dng chy, bn ct v.v... d
bo tc ng ca chng n lng dn, k, vng ca sng; nh gi li ch kinh
t x hi sau khi xy dng cng trnh.
e. S bin ng mc tiu, nng lc v iu kin hot ng ca cc ngnh hng li
hin c khi cng trnh thy li mi i vo hot ng nh: vn ti thy, ngh c,
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2.14.
www.vncold.vn
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3.3.
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f.
ngh rng, cc cng trnh thy nng, thy in, iu, cc cng trnh cp nc
khc v.v...
Cc bin php bo m cht lng nc: dn lng h, ch v sinh thch ng
vng quanh h cha, hn ch xm nhp cc cht c hi thng qua vic kim sot
hm lng c hi khng vt qu tiu chun cho php.
Nhng iu kin khai thc tm thi v lu di ca cng trnh.
Nhng iu kin v phng php thi cng; kh nng cung ng lao ng, vt t,
thit b v ngun lc t nhin phc v xy dng.
S hi ha v kin trc, thm m ca bn thn cng trnh v s ho nhp ca chng
vi mi trng khu vc; Duy tr cc iu kin bo v thin nhin, cnh quan, v
sinh mi trng sinh thi; Kh nng kt hp to thnh im du lch, an dng.
3.4.
Khi thit k cng trnh thy li phi xem xt kh nng v tnh hp l v kinh t k
thut trn cc mt:
a. Kh nng kt hp mt s chc nng trong mt hng mc cng trnh. C k hoch
a cng trnh vo khai thc tng phn nhm pht huy hiu qu kp thi.
b. C cu li cc cng trnh hin c v xut cc gii php ci to, khc phc
chng ph hp khi D n mi i vo hot ng.
c. Quy chun ho b tr thit b, kt cu, kch thc v phng php thi cng xy lp
nhm y nhanh tin , h gi thnh v to thun li cho qun l sau ny.
d. Tn dng u nc c to ra cc u mi thy li pht in v cho cc mc
ch khc.
www.vncold.vn
3.5.
3.6.
Khi thit k cc cng trnh thy ch yu cp I, II v III phi b tr thit b kim tra- o
lng quan trc s lm vic ca cng trnh v nn trong sut qu trnh xy dng v
khai thc nhm nh gi bn vng ca cng trnh, pht hin kp thi nhng h hng
khuyt tt quyt nh bin php sa cha, phng nga s c v ci thin iu kin
khai thc.
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Khi c lun chng tha ng, c th khng t thit b kim tra- o lng trong cng
trnh cp III hoc ngh b tr thit b cho cng trnh cp IV.
Khi thit k cng trnh thy cp I, II cn phi tin hnh mt s nghin cu thc nghim
i chng, hiu chnh, chnh xc ho cc thng s k thut v tng thm tin cy
cho n nh: cc nghin cu v nn, vt liu xy dng, ch thy lc, ch thm,
tnh trng lm vic ca cc kt cu phc tp, ch nhit trong b tng, ch lm
vic ca thit b, hiu qu ca vic ng dng tin b khoa hc v cng ngh mi v.v...
i tng v phm vi nghin cu ty thuc vo iu kin c th ca tng cng trnh v
c xut ngay trong giai on lp Bo co nghin cu kh thi. Cng tc ny cng
c php thc hin cho hng mc cng trnh cp di khi c lun chng cn thit.
3.8.
Khi thit k cc cng trnh thy dng khi ln phi tnh n vic phn b hp l vt
liu trong thn cng trnh, ph hp vi trng thi ng sut, bin dng, yu cu chng
thm v.v... nhm gim gi thnh m vn m bo c cc yu cu k thut.
3.9.
Cc cng trnh thy phi m bo cc tiu chun v n nh, bn, khng cho php
nt hoc hn ch m rng vt nt, bin dng ca cng trnh v nn trong mi iu
kin lm vic. ng thi phi tha mn cc yu cu gii hn v tnh thm nc, tc
ng xm thc ha hc, c hc ca nc, bn ct v cc vt tri ni; tc ng xi
ngm trong thn v nn cng trnh; tc ng ca sinh vt v thc vt v.v...
3.10.
Khi thit k sa cha, phc hi, nng cp v m rng cng trnh cn p ng thm
nhng yu cu sau:
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3.7.
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c. Cn thu thp y cc ti liu kho st, thit k, thi cng, qun l, quan trc, s
c xy ra ca cng trnh c, kt hp vi cc nghin cu kho st chuyn ngnh
nh gi ng cht lng, tnh trng k thut, trang thit b, nn v cng trnh,
lm c s cho vic la chn cc gii php k thut.
4.
4.1.
www.vncold.vn
1. Ti rung
Mc bo m (%) theo cp
cng trnh
I
75
II
75
2. Tiu cho
nng nghip
III
75
IV
75
V
75
Ch thch
- C th nng mc bo m ti ln trn 75% cho nhng
vng c lng nc ngun phong ph, vng chuyn
canh mang li hiu qu kinh t cao khi c lun chng tin
cy nhng phi c c quan ph duyt D n chp
nhn.
- Tn sut bo m ca h thng tiu ph thuc quy m
ca h thng, dng cng trnh (t chy hay ng lc),
kh nng tip nhn nc ca sng bn ngoi, hiu qu
u t ca h thng tiu.v.v. do c quan thit k lun c
v ngh.
- Mc gim st cng sut, in lng, thi gian b
nh hng trong nm (hoc ma) khi xy ra thiu nc
ph thuc vo v tr m nhn ca nh my thy in
trong h thng nng lng do ch u t n nh v cp
cho c quan thit k
- Khi nc dng cho pht in v ti trong ngy c s
chnh lch, cn phi lm thm h iu tit ngy m
iu tit li.
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i tng phc
v ca cng
trnh
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80 90
3. Pht in
a) H c lp
90
90
85
80
80
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Theo ch ti
b) H s dng
nc ti
pht in
4. Cp nc
- Lu lng cp tnh ton c th l lu lng ln nht,
a) Khng cho
lu
lng trung bnh ngy hoc trung bnh thng v.v... do
php gin on 95
95
95
95
95
ch u t n nh v cp cho c quan thit k.
hoc gim yu
cu cp nc
- Mc thiu nc, thi gian cho php gin on cp
b) Khng cho
nc cn cn c vo yu cu c th ca h dng nc do
php gin on
ch u t n nh v cp cho c quan thit k.
nhng
c
90
90
90
90
90
php gim yu
cu cp nc
c) Cho php
gin on thi 80
80
80
80
80
gian ngn v
gim yu cu
cp nc
Ch thch:
1. Mc bo m phc v ca cng trnh l s nm lm vic m bo cng sut thit k (ring thu in
l cng sut bo m) trong chui 100 nm khai thc lin tc.
2. Vic tng hoc h mc bo m ch c php khi c lun chng chc chn v do c quan ph duyt D
n quyt nh.
3. Khi vic ly nc (hoc tiu nc) gy nh hng xu n nhng h dng nc hoc dn sinh, mi trng
hin c, c quan lp D n cn c lun chng v cc nh hng ny, nu gii php khc phc v lm
sng t tnh u vit khi c thm D n mi trnh ln c quan ph duyt v cc ngnh ch qun c cc
i tng b nh hng cng xem xt v quyt nh.
4. Cng trnh a mc tiu phi thit k sao cho mc bo m ca tng mc tiu phc v ph hp vi tiu
chun nu trong bng ny.
4.2.
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4.2.1.
Khi xc nh cc ch tiu chnh v dng chy bng s liu thng k hoc tnh ton, cn d
bo kh nng din bin ca cc ch tiu trong tng lai sau xy dng: do iu kin t
nhin ca lu vc thay i, do k hoch khai thc tip theo dng chy trn lu vc, do s
pht trin dn sinh kinh t ca vng v.v... c gii php k thut v quyt nh ng n
nhm m bo an ton cho cng trnh, ko di thi gian phc v v tit kim vn:
a. i vi cng trnh cp V III thi gian cn d bo khng t hn 20 nm.
b. i vi cng trnh cp II I thi gian cn d bo khng t hn 30 nm.
Lu lng, mc nc ln nht tnh ton thit k v kim tra n nh, kt cu, nn
mng, nng lc x nc ca cc cng trnh thy li trn sng v ven b, cc cng trnh
trn tuyn chu p, cc cng trnh trong h thng ti tiu khi pha thng ngun
cha c cng trnh iu tit dng chy c xc nh theo bng 4.2.
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Bng 4.2. Lu lng, mc nc ln nht thit k v kim tra cng trnh thy
Loi cng trnh thy
Cp thit k
II
III
IV
0,10,2*
0,5
1,5
(1000500)
(200)
(100)
(67)
(50)
0,020,04*
0,1
0,2
0,5
(50002500)
(1000)
(500)
(200)
0,2
0,5
1,5
(500)
(200)
(100)
(67)
(50)
Tn sut thit k %
Tn sut thit k %
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Ch thch: * Tn sut nh p dng cho cc cng trnh c dng l phc tp thng xut hin min ni, trung
du. Tn sut ln p dng cho cc cng trnh c dng l n nh thng xut hin vng ng bng.
1. Lu lng, mc nc ln nht trong tp hp thng k l lu lng, mc nc c tr s ln nht xut hin
trong tng nm. Cht lng ca chui thng k ( di, tnh i biu, thi gian thng k v.v...) cn phi
tha mn cc yu cu nu trong cc tiu chun tng ng. Cc s liu cn c x l v cng mt iu
kin trc khi tin hnh tnh ton..
2. Nu pha thng ngun c nhng tc ng lm thay i iu kin hnh thnh dng chy hoc c cng
trnh iu tit th khi xc nh cc yu t trong iu ny, cn phi k n kh nng iu chnh li dng
chy ca cc cng trnh .
3. Nu pha h du c cng trnh iu tit, th m hnh x khng c ph hoi hoc vt qu kh nng
iu tit ca cng trnh .
4. Nhng cng trnh thu li cp I c Tiu chun thit k ring nu trong iu 2.12 tn sut l kim tra c
th tnh vi p=0,01% hoc l cc hn khi kt qu tnh ton tin cy c n nh c th trong "Tiu
chun thit k".
4.2.2.
www.vncold.vn
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Cp cng trnh
Tn sut lu lng, mc nc
thp nht (%)
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1. H cha
Thit k
Kim tra
I, II, III, IV v V
Mc nc cht
Mc nc tho cn thp
nht sa cha, no vt
v.v...
99%
II
97%
III
95%
IV
95%
90%
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4.2.4.
Mc nc ln nht sng nhn nc tiu tnh ton ch khai thc cho cc cng
trnh tiu nng nghip t chy hoc ng lc c xc nh theo bng 4.4.
4.2.5.
Mc nc thp nht ngun (ti h cha hoc sng) tnh ton ch khai thc cho
cc cng trnh cp nc, tiu nc c quy nh theo bng 4.5.
Bng 4.4. Mc nc ln nht sng nhn nc tiu tnh ton ch khai thc cho cc
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Cp cng trnh
Tiu t chy
Mc nc ngoi sng ln nht c th tiu t chy (1)
I, II, III, IV v V
Tiu ng lc
10% (2)
Ch thch:
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(1) Mc nc ngoi sng ln nht c th tiu t chy xc nh c bng cch kim tra kh nng thot nc
ca u mi theo chui mc nc ngoi sng c nh gi l bt li nht xy ra trong 10 nm lin tc.
Lng ma tnh ton chnh l lng ma tng ng xy ra cng thi gian, trong t nht c mt nm
xy ra trn ma bng hoc ln hn trn ma tiu thit k.
Khi kim tra iu kin trn, nu 9/10 nm (ng vi mc bo m p=90%), hoc 8/10 nm (ng vi mc bo m
p=80%) hon ton tiu t chy c th quy m cng trnh la chn l ph hp vi mc bo m thit k.
Nu khng bo m c iu kin nu trn cn tip tc tng khu din tho hoc kt hp gia tiu t chy
vi cc bin php khc, hoc phi tiu hon ton bng ng lc tm ra phng n kh thi v kinh t - k
thut nht.
(2) nhng tuyn chu p quan trng, cc sng v.v... tiu chun ny c th thay i tu thuc vo cc quy
nh an ton chng bo lt c th cho cc on sng ny.
Cp
cng
trnh
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Loi
cng trnh
Ch thch:
1. Mc nc khai thc thp nht nu trong mc (a) l mc nc trung bnh ngy c tr s thp nht xut hin
trong thi on khai thc ca tng nm thng k.
2. Mc nc ti thiu khai thc nu trong mc (b) l mc nc thp nht cn gi cui thi on tiu nc
m u v hoc tiu u v nhm tng hiu qu tiu do quy trnh khai thc n nh.
4.2.6.
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Cp cng trnh
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I
II
III
IV
V
Ch thch:
4.2.7.
I
II
III
IV
V
5%
5%
10%
10%
10%
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Cp cng trnh
Ch thch:
Lu lng trong tp hp thng k tnh ton l lu lng trung bnh ngy c tr s ln nht i vi dng chy
khng b nh hng triu hoc lu lng trung bnh gi c tr s ln nht i vi dng chy chu nh hng
ca triu xut hin trong thi on d tnh chn dng ca tng nm thng k. Thi on d tnh chn dng
c xc nh ty thuc vo c im thy vn c th v khi lng cng tc nhng khng qu 30 ngy.
Cn c vo s liu o c thc t trong thi gian trc thi im n nh tin hnh chn dng (thng tin
hnh o c lin tc t thi im kt thc ma l n thi im n nh chn dng), c quan thi cng hiu
chnh li phng n chn dng cho ph hp thc t ca dng chy, thi tit, lch triu v trnh ln ch u t
thng qua.
4.2.8.
Hnh thc, mt ct, cao trnh phn xy dng d dang (hoc phn t thi cng) ca cc
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4.3.1.
vn
4.3.
Tn sut ma tnh ton xc nh nng lc tho dn cho h thng tiu nng nghip
quy nh p = 1020% (xem ct ch thch bng 4.1).
Khi khng c hoc khng s liu o dng chy tin cy xc nh lng nc n
cho cc h cha c php dng ti liu ma c tn sut tnh ton tng ng vi
mc bo m nu trong bng 4.1 suy ra lng nc n.
4.3.3.
5.
Ti trng, tc ng v t hp ca chng
5.1.
5.1.1.
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4.3.2.
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o. Ti trng gi.
p. p lc nc va trong thi k khai thc bnh thng.
q. Ti trng ng sinh ra trong ng dn c p v khng p khi dn mc nc
dng bnh thng.
Cc ti trng tm thi c bit gm:
a. Ti trng do ng t hoc n.
b. p lc nc tng ng vi mc nc khi xy ra l kim tra.
c. Ti trng gy ra do p lc d ca k rng trong t bo ho nc khi cha c kt
hon ton ng vi mc nc kim tra ln nht trong iu kin thit b lc v tiu
nc lm vic bnh thng hoc mc nc dng bnh thng nhng thit b lc v
tiu nc b hng.
d. p lc nc thm gia tng khi thit b chng thm v tiu nc khng lm vic
bnh thng.
e. Tc ng do nhit trong thi k thi cng v khai thc ca nm c bin dao ng
nhit bnh qun thng ca khng kh l ln nht.
g. p lc sng khi xy ra tc gi ln nht thit k.
h. p lc nc va khi t ngt ct ton b ph ti.
i. Ti trng ng sinh ra trong ng dn c p v khng p khi dn mc nc ln
nht thit k.
k. p lc pht sinh trong mi t do mc nc sng, h b h thp t ngt (rt nhanh).
5.2.
Khi thit k cng trnh thy phi tnh ton theo t hp ti trng c bn v kim tra
theo t hp ti trng c bit:
a. T hp ti trng c bn bao gm cc ti trng v tc ng: thng xuyn, tm thi
di hn, tm thi ngn hn m i tng ang thit k c th phi tip nhn cng
mt lc.
b. T hp ti trng c bit vn bao gm cc ti trng v tc ng xt trong t hp
ti trng c bn nhng mt trong chng c thay th bng ti trng (hoc tc
ng) tm thi c bit. Trng hp ti trng c bn c xt thm ti trng ng t
hoc n cng c xp vo loi t hp c bit. Khi c lun chng chc chn c
th ly 2 trong cc ti trng hoc tc ng tm thi c bit kim tra. Thit k
phi la chn a ra t hp ti trng c bn v t hp ti trng c bit bt li
nht c th xy ra trong thi k thi cng v khai thc cng trnh.
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5.1.2.
6.
6.1.
Khi tnh ton n nh, bn, ng sut, bin dng chung v cc b cho cc cng trnh
thy v nn ca chng, phi tin hnh theo phng php trng thi gii hn. Cc tnh
ton cn phi tin hnh theo hai nhm trng thi gii hn:
a. Trng thi gii hn th nht - Cng trnh, kt cu v nn ca chng lm vic trong
iu kin khai thc bt li nht, gm: cc tnh ton v bn v n nh chung
ca h cng trnh- nn; bn thm chung ca nn v ca cng trnh t; bn
ca cc b phn m s h hng ca chng s lm cho vic khai thc cng trnh b
ngng tr; Cc tnh ton v ng sut, chuyn v ca kt cu b phn m bn
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Trong :
nc - H s t hp ti trng.
- Trong tnh ton theo trng thi gii hn th nht:
nc = 1,00 - i vi t hp ti trng c bn;
= 0,90 - i vi t hp ti trng c bit;
= 0,95 - i vi t hp ti trng trong thi k thi cng v sa cha.
- Trong tnh ton theo trng thi gii hn th hai: nc = 1,00
K - H s an ton chung ca cng trnh; Bnh thng h s K khng c vt qu
15% gi tr nc.kn /m tr trng hp c nhng quy nh ring.
Ntt - Ti trng tnh ton tng qut (lc, mmen, ng sut), bin dng hoc thng s
khc m n l cn c nh gi trng thi gii hn.
R - Sc chu ti tnh ton tng qut, bin dng hoc thng s khc c xc lp theo
tiu chun thit k (TCVN, TCXD, TCXDVN, TCN).
m - H s iu kin lm vic: xt ti hnh loi cng trnh, kt cu hoc nn, dng vt
liu, tnh gn ng ca s tnh, nhm trng thi gii hn v cc yu t khc c
qui nh trong cc ti liu tiu chun thit k hin hnh cho mi loi cng trnh, kt
cu v nn khc nhau. H s iu kin ca mt s cng trnh thy in hnh qui nh
ph lc B.
kn - H s bo m c xt theo quy m, nhim v ca cng trnh.
- Khi tnh ton trng thi gii hn theo nhm th nht: kn c xc nh theo cp cng
trnh:
Cng trnh cp I ly
kn = 1,25
Cng trnh cp II ly
kn = 1,20
Cng trnh cp III, IV v V ly kn = 1,15
- Khi tnh ton theo trng thi gii hn th hai: ly kn = 1,00.
- Khi tnh ton n nh cho nhng mi dc t nhin nm k st cng trnh khc c h s
bo m ln hn: phi ly h s bo m ca mi bng h s bo m ca cng trnh .
Tr s ca cc h s sai lch v vt liu nvl v t n dng xc nh sc khng tnh
ton ca vt liu v cc c trng ca t c nu trong tiu chun thit k qui nh
ring bit cho mi loi cng trnh thy, kt cu v nn ca chng.
Khi cng trnh s dng khi lng ln vt liu ti ch bao gm c vt liu t p,
6.3.
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6.4.
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Tn cc ti trng v tc ng
1,05 (0,95)
1,20 (0,80)
1,10 (0,90)
1,20 (0,80)
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- p lc :
+ Trng lng ca khi to vm
+ p lc ngang ca
- Trng lng ton b lp t, trn ng hm hoc trng lng vng b
ph hu v.v... (p lc thng ng do trng lng t gy ra)
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1,50
1,20 (0,80)
1,10 (0,90)
1,00
1,10 (0,90)
1,00
1,20
1,20 (1,00)
1,20
1,30
1,30
1,20
1,10
1,10
1,30 (1,00)
Ch thch:
1. H s lch ti do tu chy trn ng st, xe chy trn ng t, phi ly theo tiu chun thit k cu;
2. Cho php ly h s lch ti bng 1,00 i vi trng lng ca bn thn cng trnh, p lc thng ng do
trng lng ca khi t p, nu trng lng ca khi c xc nh t cc gi tr tnh ton c trng
ca t (trng lng ring v c trng bn), cn b tng c xc nh t c trng vt liu (trng
lng ring ca b tng v cc c trng khc) ph hp vi cc tiu chun th nghim, v tiu chun thit
k nn hin hnh;
3. Ch s dng cc h s lch ti ghi trong ngoc n khi kt qu tnh ton th hin cng trnh trong tnh
trng bt li hn.
6.5.
Tnh ton theo trng thi gii hn th hai cho cng trnh, kt cu v nn c thc hin
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Cc ni dung cn thit phi tnh ton, cc gi nh trng hp tnh ton, s tnh cho
cng trnh v nn phi ph hp vi kh nng c th xy ra, tun th y cc tiu
chun kho st thit k hin hnh v cui cng phi tm c li gii bt li nht.
Trong nhng trng hp cn thit cn phi xt thm cc yu t sau:
a. Trnh t thi cng v trnh t cht ti ca cc b phn cng trnh.
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6.8.
Nhng cng trnh dn, tho, x nc cp I, II phi tin hnh th nghim m hnh thy
lc xc nh kh nng dn tho nc, kim tra ch thy lc, vn tc, p lc nc
ln cng trnh, gii php ni tip cng trnh vi thng h lu, bin php gia c chng
mi mn, xm thc v.v... xc nh hnh dng kch thc cc b phn, la chn phng
n b tr tng th cm u mi mt cch hp l v kinh t nht. iu ny cng c
php p dng cho cc cng trnh cp III c hnh dng ng dn phc tp m nhng
ch dn tnh ton thy lc thng thng khng t c tin cy cn thit, ng thi
trong thc t cha c hnh mu xy dng tng t khi c lun chng tho ng.
6.9.
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6.7.
7.
7.1.
7.1.1.
7.1.2.
Khuyn khch p dng cc hnh loi, cng ngh xy dng p mi nhm khc phc
nhng nhc im ca cc loi p truyn thng nh khi lng xy dng ln, thi
gian thi cng ko di, tc thi cng b hn ch trong ma ma, nhit trong khi
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xy c rt cao v.v...
Cng trnh ly nc
7.2.1.
7.2.2.
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7.2.
7.2.4.
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Cho php thay th cng trnh ly nc c p bng trm bm thng qua so snh hiu
qu u t.
7.2.5.
7.2.6.
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7.2.8.
Khi thit k cng trnh ly nc phi tun th cc yu cu nu iu 4.11 phn 4 Cc cng trnh cho c i v cng trnh bo v c.
7.3.
B lng ct
7.3.1.
7.3.2.
7.3.3.
7.3.4.
Vic chn kiu bung lng thau ra lin tc hoc nh k bng phng php thy lc
hay lm sch bng c gii phi tin hnh trn c s so snh kinh t - k thut, la chn
kiu bung lng da trn c s sau:
a. Bung lng thau ra bng thy lc p dng cho nhng ni c lng nc tha
phong ph, tuyn thau ra c dc thy lc;
b. Khi khng chnh ct nc xi ra ton b lp lng ng trong b cn s
dng bung lng thau ra kiu hn hp: bn ct ht nh c loi b bng phng
php thy lc, bn ct ht ln c dn sch bng c gii;
c. Cc b lng ct kiu mt bung thau ra nh k ch p dng khi c php ngng
cp nc hon ton hoc c php cp nc cha x l (th) trong thi gian thau
ra.
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7.2.7.
7.3.5.
7.4.
7.4.1.
Cng trnh x nc, tho nc phi m bo thc hin cc chc nng sau y:
a. i vi cng trnh x:
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7.4.3.
Lu lng x tnh ton trong qu trnh khai thc qua cc cng trnh x - tho - chuyn
nc lu di ca cng trnh u mi cn xc nh xut pht t lu lng l thit k
c qui nh khon 4.2.1 iu 4.2 v bng 4.2 c xt n s bin i ca n do tc
ng iu tit li ca cc h cha hin c hoc h cha ang thit k v s thay i
iu kin hnh thnh dng chy do nhng hot ng kinh t x hi trong lu vc.
Khi xc nh lu lng ln nht thit k v kim tra ca cng trnh u mi trn sng
khai thc theo s bc thang cn xt n cp ca bn thn cng trnh, v tr ca n
trong bc thang, nng lc x -tho - chuyn nc ca cm u mi bc trn ng vi
mc nc dng bnh thng v mc nc gia cng (khi x l thit k v l kim tra),
quy nh vn hnh khai thc cng trnh thu v h cha ca cc bc thang, dng chy
nhp lu ca cc sng nhnh vo on sng thng lu tip cn vi cng trnh u mi
ang thit k.
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Khi khai thc trng hp ny cc hng mc trong cng trnh u mi k c phn ni tip
thng h lu cng trang thit b phi bo m lm vic bnh thng, khng b hng
hc.
Ti trng v tc ng ng vi trng hp ny c tnh theo t hp ti trng c bn.
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b. Mc nc kim tra thng lu cng trnh u mi: l mc nc cao nht xut hin trong
qu trnh x l kim tra khi tt c cc cng trnh tho nc, x nc, chuyn nc v.v...
ni mc (a) v cng trnh x d phng u hot ng.
- Gim sn lng ca trm thy in (nu iu c li cho an ton cng trnh).
- Cng trnh ly nc lm vic khc iu kin khai thc bnh thng nhng khng dn n tnh
hung s c cho cc i tng dng nc.
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Tng t, chiu cao ca l thot l 0,6; 0,8; 1; 1,25;1,5; 1,75; 2; 2,5; 3; 3,5; 4; 4,5; 5; 5,5; 6; 7;
8; 9; 10; 12; 15; 16; 18; 20m.
Ch thch: Chiu rng ca l l kch thc trong lng nh nht gia hai mt bn thng ng.
Chiu cao ca l c xc nh nh sau:
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B tr tng th v kt cu ca cng trnh x nc, tho nc, gii php ni tip cng trnh vi
h lu phi bo m khi chng hot ng s khng gy nguy him cho cc hng mc
cng trnh thy trong cng trnh u mi do xi nn. Dng nc x, tho khng c
nh hng n hot ng bnh thng ca nh my thu in, knh giao thng thy,
khng gy ra nhng bin dng lng dn bt li cho khai thc.
Bn thn cng trnh x nc, tho nc khi thit k cn phi xt n nhng tc ng bt li do
lc thy ng, kh thc v hin tng mi mn do bn ct gy ra.
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7.4.7. Khi thit k cng trnh x nc, tho nc cn phi lp quy trnh vn hnh cc ca. V
nguyn tc th quy trnh ny khng c gy ra xi l ngoi d tnh thit k dn n
phi b sung nhng bin php phng xi h lu.
7.4.8. Khi thit k cng trnh x nc, tho nc phi trang b ca van chnh v ca van sa
cha.
Trc ca van chnh ca cng trnh x mt l van phng cng nh trc ca van chnh ca
cng trnh x su (khng ph thuc vo dng ca van chnh) cn phi b tr ca sa
cha - s c. Nhng cng trnh x mt c nhiu khoang cng loi cho php s dng
ca van phng s c - sa cha loi di chuyn c gim bt s lng. Khi c lun
chng tin cy cho php dng phai tm ln thay cho van phng s c.
Khi khng c kh nng tho cn l phn vo ca cng trnh x su th ngoi ca van chnh
v van sa cha - s c cn phi b tr thm ca van sa cha (c th l phai sa cha)
pha trc.
Khi ngng cng trnh x su thp hn mc nc h lu th phn sau mt ct ra ca cng
phi b tr thm ca van sa cha loi di chuyn c.
7.4.9. Khi la chn kiu ca van v my nng phi cn c vo tc ln ca l, kh nng tch
nc thng h lu, yu cu bo m lu lng ti thiu cho h lu, trong bao
gm c trng hp ct t ngt mt phn hoc ton b ph ti ca nh my thy in
quyt nh.
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7.4.10. Khi ca van ca cng trnh x su l ca phng c din tch trn 60m2 song li c yu
cu tho lu lng nh hn ng k so vi kh nng tho ca 1 l cng th phi thit
k 1 l tho ring nh hn tha mn yu cu ny.
7.5. ng dn nc kn ca nh my thu in v trm bm
7.5.1. ng dn kn (c mt ct ngang khp kn) ca nh my thy in, trm bm phi m
bo dn nc vi mi ch khai thc d kin trong thit k.
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b. ng ph ti theo quy trnh khai thc cho n khi nh my t ton b cng sut.
7.5.7. Ca van sa cha - s c c vn hnh theo ch hon ton t ng. Ngoi ra, ca
cn c thit k thm ch iu khin t xa v iu khin ti ch iu hnh
trong nhng trng hp cn thit.
7.6. ng ng dn nc khc
7.6.1. Vic la chn kiu v kt cu ng ng dn cn phi tin hnh trn c s so snh kinh
t - k thut cc phng n c xt n nhim v ca ng ng, tr s ct nc, t
nn, iu kin lp rp v khai thc.
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7.6.3. Vic la chn kt cu ng ng dn (kch thc, hm lng thp, vt liu v.v...) phi
lun chng bng tnh ton.
7.6.4. Khi thit k cc ng ng dn cn phi c bin php bo v chng g, n mn theo cc
tiu chun hin hnh.
7.6.5. hai u v dc tuyn ng ng dn cn phi b tr cc ca quan st, thit b a
nc lm y dn ng ng, thit b cp hoc x khng kh.
7.6.6. Vi ng ng dn bng b tng ct thp cn phi nh r tiu chun hn ch nt nhm
m bo tui th ca kt cu theo cc iu kin n mn v chng thm.
7.7. Tuynen thy cng
7.7.1. La chn tuyn, kiu (c p hoc khng p) cng nh kt cu v hnh dng mt ct
ngang ca tuynen cn phi cn c vo nhim v ca chng v tin hnh trn c s so
snh kinh t - k thut cc phng n, c xt n: b tr tng th cm u mi; chiu
su t di mt t; tr s ct nc; iu kin a cht cng trnh; ch thy lc ca
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tuynen; iu kin thi cng; nh hng qua li gia tuynen vi cc cng trnh b tr trn
mt t v cng trnh ngm lin k.
7.7.2. V nguyn tc, tuyn tuynen thit k cn la chn l tuyn thng vi chiu di ngn
nht. Trong iu kin a cht cng trnh v a cht thy vn khng thun, thi cng
phc tp hoc cn p ng theo yu cu an ton cho php p dng tuyn tuynen khng
thng.
Khi tuynen c nhim v tho lu lng khai thc lu di cn phi tnh n kh nng s
dng chng tho lu lng thi cng.
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7.8.1. Khi dung tch iu tit thng lu ca nh my thy in knh dn khng phi xt
n vic to h iu tit ngy m. S thiu ht dung tch iu tit phi chng minh
bng cc tnh ton kinh t - k thut.
7.8.2. H iu tit ngy m phi b tr trn tuyn knh dn hoc trn nhnh ca n, cng
gn b p lc cng tt. Ty thuc iu kin ti ch c th s dng cc lng sng, vng
trng t nhin lm h iu tit ngy m nhng phi xt n iu kin thm mt nc
v kh nng b bi lp ca h.
7.8.3. Khi thit k h iu tit ngy m cho nh my thy in lm vic theo ch ph nh
phi c bit quan tm n n nh, bn ca cc cng trnh ngn nc bng t v
lp o bo v khi mc nc trong h b giao ng ln.
7.8.4. Khi thit k b p lc cn c gii php m bo:
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7.9. Knh dn nc
7.9.1. Vic la chn tuyn, dng knh, cc thng s, tn tht u nc phi c lun chng
bng cch so snh phng n c xt n: kh nng chuyn nc, kh nng p ng
giao thng thy (nu c), khi lng cng tc xy dng v trang thit b, phng thc
vn hnh iu phi nc, chi ph khai thc, yu cu bo v mi trng xung quanh
v.v...
7.9.2. Nu khng c yu cu khng ch cao mt nc th knh cn b tr trong khi o
hoc na o na p. Ch cho php s dng knh p nhng on c bit khi c
lun chng ring. Khi xc nh bn knh cong ca tuyn knh cn m bo kh nng
i li ca thuyn b v khng gy ra xi l lng dn.
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7.9.3. Cn d kin bin php chng ngp v snh ly ha vng t ven tuyn knh cng nh
thc vt thy sinh pht trin trong knh.
7.9.4. Khi thit k knh trong nhng iu kin phc tp (trong t ln t, trng n, t cha
mui d ha tan, trn sn dc trt l, nhng ni tuyn knh c th giao ct vi dng
bn v.v...) cn xt n s thay i c trng ca t nn v t p trong thi gian
khai thc sau ny v trong trng hp cn thit phi p dng cc gii php kt cu v
cng ngh thi cng thch hp.
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7.9.5. Lu tc trong knh c quyt nh theo iu kin khng gy xi hoc bi trong lng
dn. Ngoi ra, cn d kin bin php phng nga tc nghn lng dn do rc ri, rong
to, cy c ph mt.
7.9.6. knh khng b xi l v h hi c hc do ma, do dng chy, do thm mt nc cn
d kin kt cu bo v thch hp.
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7.9.8. m bo t tiu chun trong ca nc dng, cn phi d kin cng trnh lng ct
hoc thay th bng gii php m rng kch thc on u knh. Hnh thc lng ct s
c quyt nh thng qua lun chng kinh t - k thut.
7.9.9. Khi thit k knh cn tnh n kh nng phn on thun li cho vic kim tra bo
dng nh k. Chiu di mi on c quyt nh theo iu kin c th c tnh n
iu kin t nhin v cc yu cu khai thc sa cha.
7.9.10. Khi thit k knh cn xem xt kh nng s dng ngun nc b sung t sng sui giao
ct. Lng dng chy b sung l lng nc c bn ca sng sui sau khi tr phn
lu lng phi cp v h lu cho nhu cu v sinh mi trng.
7.9.11. Thng thng, dc knh cn b tr ng qun l kim tra thng xuyn tnh trng
ca knh. Nhng ni knh i qua cc khu vc nguy him, t im dn c, cc cng
trnh dn dng c th phi xt n vic xy dng hng ro cch ly.
7.9.12. Khi s dng ngun b sung t cc sng sui cn phi tun th cc iu kin sau:
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7.9.13. Tnh ton thu lc knh cn phi xt n ch chy khng n nh xut hin khi lu
lng v mc nc thay i, nh hng ca nc dnh do gi, sng do gi v sng to
thnh khi vn hnh ca van, vn hnh t my, cng trnh iu tit, trm bm, u
thuyn v.v...
7.9.14. Trn cc on tuyn knh c iu kin a hnh, a cht khng thun li (a hnh b
chia ct cc b, gp cc loi t d b xi, t yu v.v...) cn phi xem xt phng n
thay th bng cu mng.
7.9.15. Thit k knh a chc nng phi tin hnh trn c s d bo nhu cu nc v yu cu
cht lng thch ng cho cc h dng nc trong vng D n m knh c nhim v
cung cp.
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7.10.1. Vic la chn kiu nh trm ca nh my thy in, trm bm cn phi thc hin trn
c s so snh ch tiu kinh t - k thut cc phng n, c xt n cc iu kin sau:
b. m bo cng trnh v thit b lm vic an ton, tin cy v thun li trong khai thc (thng
xuyn v tm thi);
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7.10.2. Gii php b cc phn di nc ca nh my thy in, trm bm phi tnh n bin
php chia nh trm thnh cc n nguyn. Kch thc ca n nguyn tu thuc vo
kch thc t my, dng t nn, gii php kt cu ca phn xy dng, bin dng cho
php.
Cho php dng kt cu lin khi (khng chia ct) cho ton b phn di nc ca nh trm khi
c lun chng tin cy. Kch thc sn lp my phi din tch sp t cc chi tit
tho (lp) t mt t my ln nht v mt my bin p chnh. Cn tnh n kh nng s
dng mt phn din tch ca gian my gim din tch sn lp my. Trong nh my
ngm cn phi trit thu hp din tch sn lp my bng cch tn dng ti a din
tch trn mt t tho lp.
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7.10.3. Khi thit k phn nh trm ca nh my thy in kiu lng sng, kiu k p, phi
xem xt cc phng n b tr nh trm tch ri hoc kt hp vi cng trnh x mt
hoc x su, b tr t my ng hoc t my ngang. Vi nh my thy in kiu ng
dn cn phi thit k nh trm ng ring bit dng h hoc ngm, hoc b tr gian
my kiu ging vi cch sp xp t my thnh mt hoc hai hng.
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7.10.9. Khi thit k nh trm ngm, phi d kin nhng hnh lang v ging giao thng lin lc
c th c gii ha vic vn chuyn thit b, vt liu v i li ca nhn vin qun l.
ng thi phi d kin li i b hoc cu thang tng li thot ra bn ngoi cho cc
nhn vin qun l khi c s c.
Nu c th nn thit k hnh lang vn chuyn nm ngang. Hnh lang v ging vn chuyn phi
ni vi sn lp my. ng cp lin lc cn kt hp b tr trong hnh lang v ging
vn chuyn.
Trong nh trm ngm phi b tr h thng thng gi m bo cho nh my hot ng bnh
thng.
7.10.10. Cc phng sn xut ph (bao gm c h thng du), khi khng c yu cu c bit cn
phi b tr chng trn mt t.
7.10.11. Thit b phn phi in p ca my pht v nhu cu t dng, trm iu khin trung
tm trong trng hp t ngm cn b tr kt hp trong gian my nhng khng c
lm tng kch thc mt bng chnh. Trng hp cn thit c th lm ngch ring
b tr thit b v my mc.
7.10.12. Ch thy lc trong tuynen tho vi mi trng hp khai thc phi duy tr ch
chy n nh c p hoc khng p. Ch chuyn i t c p sang khng p hoc
ngc li trong tuynen tho ch c php xy ra trong mt thi gian ngn khi c lun
chng tha ng.
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Cp V, IV
50 nm
Cp III
75 nm
Cp II v I
100 nm
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Cp ca h cha
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Ch thch:
1. Dung tch bi lng ca h cha xem nh b lp y khi cao trnh b mt bn ct
lng ng trc tuyn chu p t bng cao trnh ngng ca nhn nc
chnh.
2. Qu trnh bi lng ca h cha cp I, II cn xc nh thng qua tnh ton thy lc
hoc th nghim m hnh.
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3. C bit, khi c lun chng kinh t - k thut tha ng c php chn thi gian
dung tch bi lng nh hn quy nh bng 7.1. Trong trng hp ny nht
thit phi c bin php hn ch bn ct lp trc ca nhn nc bng gii
php cng trnh nh xy dng thm cng x ct hoc c bin php no vt
nh k. V tr, qui m cng x ct ca h cha cp I, II c quyt nh
thng qua th nghim m hnh thy lc.
7.11.4. Trong trng hp dng chy ma l c lng nc tha phong ph cn phi xem xt
phng n b tr cng x ct gim bt dung tch bi lng, tng dung tch hu ch.
Cng ny c kt hp lm nhim v dn dng thi cng v rt nc h khi c nguy c
s c.
7.11.5. Lu lng, lu tc, ch vn hnh ca cng x ct ty thuc vo c tnh bn ct cn
x, tc rt nc cho php ca h cha sao cho m bo y c bn ct lng ng
trc cng v h lu m khng gy ra tnh trng st mi cng trnh t v b dc.
7.11.6. Mc nc thit k ln nht v mc nc kim tra ca cc h cha lm nhim v cp
nc, pht in c xc nh trn c s iu tit l phn dung tch t mc nc
dng bnh thng tr ln. Khi h c t dung tch phng l th mc nc ny c xc
nh trn c s iu tit l phn dung tch t mc nc phng l tr ln. Lng nc
x v tho qua cc cng trnh trong tuyn chu p ca h cha phi tnh ton theo m
hnh l bt li nht v nh l hoc tng lng l c xt n kh nng xy ra l kp do
nh hng ca ma bo (nu tng xy ra trong vng D n).
7.12. Cng trnh bo v h cha v h lu cm u mi
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7.12.1. Phi d kin cng trnh bo v h cha v h lu cm u mi ( bao, cng trnh gia
c b v.v...) nhm bo v ti a cc vng t c gi tr, cc i tng kinh t quc dn
(thnh ph, x nghip cng nghip, t nng nghip, ci thin iu kin v sinh ca ao
h v.v...) khi b ng ngp v l b.
7.12.2. Vic thit k cc cng trnh bo v c thc hin theo cc tiu chun thit k tng
ng hin hnh.
7.12.3. Khi tiu nc cho vng c bo v cn phi tnh n kh nng iu tit ti ch mt
phn dng chy gim bt quy m ca trm bm.
7.12.4. Khi thit k gia c b phi d bo s chuyn dch v xi su lng dn (nu c), s ti
to b v s m bo n nh chung ca c on tuyn phi bo v.
7.12.5. vng t c bo v khi b ngp ng, cn phi d kin thit lp mng li h
khoan quan trc din bin ca nc ngm.
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Ph lc A
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a. , p cc loi.
b. Tng bin, tng chn, cng trnh cho c i trong tuyn chu p.
c. Cng trnh nhn nc, ly nc v x nc, thot nc.
d. Knh dn cc loi v cng trnh trn knh.
e. Trm bm; Trm thy in; ng dn nc; Tuynen.
g. B p lc v thp iu p.
h. Cng trnh gia c b v chnh tr sng; Cng trnh thng tu (u thuyn, nng tu, p iu
tit).
i. Cng trnh thy cng trong t hp xy dng nh my nhit in.
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Ph lc B
H s iu kin lm vic ca mt s cng trnh thy
H s iu kin
Cc loi cng trnh v cc loi nn
lm vic m
1,00
1,00
0,95
0,75
4. Cc mi dc t nhin v nhn to
1,00
Ch thch: Trong cc trng hp cn thit, khi c lun chng thch ng, ngoi cc h
s nu trong bng, c php ly cc h s iu kin lm vic b sung xt ti c
im ring ca cc kt cu cng trnh v nn ca chng.
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Mc lc
Trang
1.
Phm vi p dng
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ti trng, tc ng v t hp ca chng
15
6.
17
7.
20
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7.2.
Cng trnh ly nc
21
7.3.
B lng ct
22
7.4.
23
7.5.
ng dn nc kn ca nh my thu in v trm bm
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7.6.
ng ng dn nc khc
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7.7.
7.8.
28
7.9.
Knh dn nc
29
7.10.
31
7.11.
H cha nc
33
7.12.
34
7.13.
35
36
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7.1.
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