Appendix Counter Current

Appendix
Counter Current Flow

Part 1: Hot water flow rate (mh) is constant at 10.9 l/min
T (C)
Pressure (barg)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
49.9
47.6
21.8
21.6
0.6
0.05
0.22
0.2
53.1
49.8
21
25.4
0.6
0.05
0.23
0.2
52.8
52.4
21
27.3
0.6
0.05
0.22
0.2
Table A.1.1: Raw data for cold water flow rate at 8.7 l/min
T (C)
Pressure (barg)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
53.2
50.4
21.6
24.1
0.71
0.06
0.23
0.19
50.6
47.4
21.6
24.3
0.71
0.05
0.23
0.2
49.5
48.2
19.8
21.8
0.71
0.05
0.23
0.07
T (C)
Coil (Hot)
Inlet
Outlet
50.7
45.9
50.8
49.4
51.7
48.8
Pressure (barg)
Shell (Cold)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
23
27.9
0.65
0.05
0.24
0.2
22.9
27.6
0.67
0.06
0.24
0.2
23.1
37.7
0.65
0.06
0.24
0.2
cph
T (C)
T1
Coil (Hot)
Inle Outle
t
T2
Tlm
Tmean,h
Shell (Cold)
Inle Outle
t
(J/kg.K
QQ (W)
Average U
(W/m2.K)
(W/m2.K)
t
27.030
49.9
47.6
21.8
21.6
28.3
25.8
7
28.246
48.75
4180.75
1781.79
219.7244
53.1
49.8
21
25.4
27.7
28.8
4
28.347
51.45
4181.58
2556.99
301.7484
52.8
52.4
21
27.3 25.5 31.4

7
52.6 4182.04 309.973
36.4489
Table A.1.4: Calculate data for cold water flow rate at 8.7 l/min
T (C)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
Inle Outle
t
53.2
50.6
49.5
t
50.4
47.4
48.2
T1
T2
Tlm
Tmean,h
cph
(J/kg.K)
QQ (W)
U
(W/m2.K)
185.9739
Average
U
(W/m2.K)
Inlet Outlet
21.6 24.1 29.1 28.8 28.9497
51.8 4181.72 2169.64
249.8173
21.6 24.3 26.3 25.8 26.0492
49
4180.8 2479.05
317.2263 228.9099
19.8 21.8 27.7 28.4 28.0485 48.85 4180.77 1007.11
119.6860
T (C)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
Inle Outle Inle Outle
cph
T1
T2
Tlm
Tmean,h
(J/kg.K
QQ (W)
U
(W/m2.K)
t
50.7
t
45.9
t
23
t
27.9
22.8
22.9
22.85
24.813
48.3
4180.66
3718.45
542.4438
50.8
49.4
22.9
27.6
23.2
26.5
4
19.261
50.1
4181.04
1084.65
145.7067
51.7
48.8
23.1
37.7
14
25.7
4
50.25
4181.1
2246.8
388.8264
Average
U
(W/m2.K)
358.9923
Sample calculation for Table A.1.4 first row

1. Water density is assumed at 1000 kg/m3.
10.9 l 1 min 1 m 3 1000 kg
kg
Unit conversion of mh: min 60 s 1000 l m 3 =0.1853 s
2.
h ,T c ,out
T 1=T
T 1= 49.9 - 21.6
T 1= 28.3
3.
c ,
T 2=T h ,out T
T 2= 47.6 - 21.8
T 2= 25.8
4.
5.
6.
T2
T 1 /
ln
T 1 T 2
T lm=
T h ,+T
2
h ,out
49.9+47.6
=48.75
2
T mean , h=
Specific Heat Capacity, cph is determined at Tmean,h using the Property Tables and
Charts .
c ph=4180.75 J /kg . K
7. QQ = mhcph(Th,in - Th,out)
kg
QQ = 0.1853 s 4180.75 J /kg . K ( 49.947.6 )
QQ = 1781.79 W
8. QQ =UAsTlm
U=
Q
1781.79
=
=219.7244 W /m2 . K
A s T lm 0.3 27.0307
9. Average U is obtained by adding 3 values and dividing it by 3.
Part 2: Cold water flow rate (mc) is constant at 9.8 l/min

T (C)
Pressure (barg)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
50.4
44.6
22.8
27.7
0.66
0.05
0.24
0.16
49.8
47.5
22.9
25.9
0.66
0.06
0.24
0.16
47.7
44.8
22.7
27.5
0.67
0.06
0.24
0.17
Table A.2.1: Raw data for hot water flow rate at 8.7 l/min
T (C)
Pressure (barg)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
49.8
48.8
22.7
25.7
0.66
0.05
0.24
0.2
49.8
48.2
22.6
28.3
0.67
0.06
0.24
0.2
53.3
49.5
22.8
28.2
0.67
0.05
0.24
0.2
T (C)
Pressure (barg)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
52.5
47
22.8
26.8
0.68
0.07
0.26
0.23
52.1
47.9
226
27.8
0.66
0.06
0.26
0.23
59.9
53.3
22.7
27.4
0.67
0.06
0.26
0.23
T (C)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
Inle
t
Outlet
Inlet
T1
T2
Tlm
Tmean,c
cph
(J/kg.K)
QQ (W)
U
(W/m2.K)
Outlet
Average
U
(W/m2.K
22.
50.4
44.6
22.8
27.7
7
23.
21.8
22.247
25.25
4179.9 3412.22
511.2637
49.8
47.5
22.9
25.9
9
20.
24.6 24.2483
24.4
4180.24 2089.28
287.2067
47.7
44.8
22.7
27.5
2
22.1 21.1358 25.1
4179.96 3342.63
Table A.2.4: Calculated data for hot water flow rate at 8.7 l/min
527.1680
T (C)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
Inle
Inle
T1
T2
Tlm
Tmean,c
cph
(J/kg.K)
QQ (W)
t
Outlet
t
Outlet
49.8 48.8 22.7 25.7
24.1 26.1 25.0867 24.2 4180.32 2089.32
49.8 48.2 22.6 28.3
21.5 25.6 23.4904 25.45 4179.82 3969.24
53.3 49.5 22.8 28.2
25.1 26.7 25.8918 25.5
4179.8 3760.32
T (C)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
Inle
Outle
T1
T2
Tlm
Tmean,c
cph
(J/kg.K)
QQ (W)
t
Outlet Inlet
t
52.5
47
22.8 26.8 25.7 24.2 24.9425 24.8 4180.08 2785.61
52.1 47.9 22.6 27.8 24.3 25.3 24.7966 25.2 4179.92 3621.15
59.9 53.3 22.7 27.4 32.5 30.6 31.5405 25.05 4179.98 3273.01
U
(W/m2.K)
277.6136
563.2430
484.1071
U
(W/m2.K)
372.2705
486.7794
345.9057
441.8795
Average
U
(W/m2.K
441.6546
Average
U
(W/m2.K
401.6519
Sample calculation for Table A.2.4 first row

9.8l 1 min
1m 3 1000 kg
kg
Unit conversion of mc: min 60 s 1000 l m3 =0.1666 s

2.
h ,T c ,out
T 1=T
T 1= 50.4 - 27.7
T 1= 22.7
3.
c ,
T 2=T h ,out T
T 2= 44.6 - 22.8
T 2= 21.8
4.
T2
T 1 /
ln
T 1 T 2
T lm=
5.
T c ,+T
22.8+27.7
=
=25.25
2
2
T mean ,c =
c ,out
6.
Specific Heat Capacity, cpc is determined at Tmean,c using the Property Tables and
Charts .
c ph=4179.9 J /kg . K
7. QQ = mccpc(Tc,out Tc,in)
kg
QQ = 0.1666 s 4179.9 J /kg . K ( 27.721.8 )
QQ = 3412.22 W
8. QQ =UAsTlm
Q
3412.22
U=
=
=511.2637 W /m2 . K
A s T lm 0.3 22.247
Co-Current Flow
Part 1: Hot water flow rate (mh) is constant at 11.7l/min
T (C)
Coil (Hot)
Inlet
Outlet
Shell (Cold)
Inlet
Outlet
Pressure (barg)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
56.4
48
23.2
27.8
0.6
0.06
0.22
0.46
55.9
51.2
23.2
27.5
0.6
0.06
0.22
0.46
52.9
48.5
23.1
27.7
0.6
0.06
0.22
0.47
Table B.1.1: Raw data for cold water flow rate at 8.7 l/min
T (C)
Coil (Hot)
Inlet
Outlet
Shell (Cold)
Inlet
Outlet
Pressure (barg)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
53.2
50.4
21.6
24.1
0.71
0.06
0.23
0.19
50.6
47.4
21.6
24.3
0.71
0.05
0.23
0.2
49.5
48.2
19.8
21.8
0.71
0.05
0.23
0.07
T (C)
Coil (Hot)
Inlet
Outlet
Shell (Cold)
Inlet
Outlet
Pressure (barg)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
49.4
44.1
23.2
25.8
0.85
0.05
0.2
0.48
49.1
47
23.3
27.9
0.85
0.05
0.2
0.48
52.9
49.2
23.2
27.2
0.86
0.05
0.2
0.48
cph
T (C)
T1
Coil (Hot)
Outle
T2
Tlm
Tmean,h
Shell (Cold)
Outle
(J/kg.K
QQ (W)
Average U
(W/m2.K)
(W/m2.K)
606.00
Inlet
Inlet
56.
40
48.0
0
23.
20
27.8
0
28.6
0
24.
80
26.65
52.2
0
4182.0
0
6987.1
2
873.78
55.
51.2
23.
27.5
28.4
28.
28.20
53.5
4182.0
3909.4
462.12
90
52.
0
48.5
20
23.
0
27.7
0
25.2
00
25.
25.30
5
50.7
0
4181.0
6
3659.0
482.09
90
10
40
Table B.1.4: Calculate data for cold water flow rate at 8.7 l/min
T (C)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
T1
Outle
Average
cph
T2
Tlm
Tmean,h
(J/kg.K
QQ (W)
(W/m2.K)
(W/m2.K
Inlet
Inlet
Outlet
53.2
0
50.4
0
21.6
0
24.1
0
29.1 28.8
0
0
28.95
51.8
0
4181.0
0
2328.4
8
268.11
50.6
47.4
21.6
24.3
26.3 25.8
26.05
49.0
4181.0
2661.1
340.53
0
49.5
0
48.2
0
19.8
0
21.8
0
0
27.7 28.4
28.05
0
48.8
0
4181.0
2
1081.0
128.48
)
245.70
Table B.1.5: Calculate data for cold water flow rate at 9.8 l/min
cph
T (C)
T1
Coil (Hot)
Outle
T2
Tlm
Tmean,h
Shell (Cold)
Outle
(J/kg.K
QQ (W)
U
(W/m2.K)
Inlet
Inlet
49.4
0
44.1
0
23.2
0
25.8
0
23.6 20.9
0
0
22.22
46.75
4180.0
0
4406.4
3
660.95
49.1
47.0
23.3
27.9
21.2 23.7
22.43
48.05
4180.0
1745.9
259.50
0
52.9
0
49.2
0
23.2
0
27.2
0
0
25.7 26.0
51.05
0
4181.0
4
3076.9
396.77
25.85
Average
U
(W/m2.K)
439.07
Table B.1.6: Calculate data for cold water flow rate at 10.90l/min
Sample calculation for Table B.1.4 first row

10.9 l 1 min 1 m3 1000 kg
kg
Unit conversion of mh: min 60 s 1000 l m3 =0.1989 s
2.
h ,T c ,out
T 1=T
T 1= 56.4 - 27.8
T 1= 28.6
3.
c ,
T 2=T h ,out T
T 2= 48.00 - 23.20
T 2= 24.80
4.
T2
T 1 /
ln
T 1 T 2
T lm=
T h ,+T
5.
6.
h ,out
56.4048.00
=52.20
2
T mean ,h =
Charts .
c ph=4182 J /kg . K
7. QQ = mhcph(Th,in - Th,out)
kg
QQ = 0.1989 s 4182 J /kg . K ( 56.448.00 )
QQ = 6987.12 W
8. QQ =UAsTlm
Q
6987.11832
U=
=
=873.7763W /m2 . K
A s T lm 0.3 26.65487031
Part 2: Cold water flow rate (mc) is constant at 9.8 l/min

T (C)
Coil (Hot)
Inlet
Outlet
Shell (Cold)
Inlet
Outlet
Pressure (barg)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
54.1
47.6
23.5
28.2
0.7
0.06
0.2
0.33
55.2
47.9
23.5
28.5
0.71
0.06
0.2
0.33
50.5
45.3
23.4
27.6
0.7
0.06
0.2
0.33
Table B.2.1: Raw data for hot water flow rate at 8.7 l/min
T (C)
Coil (Hot)
Inlet
Outlet
Shell (Cold)
Inlet
Outlet
Pressure (barg)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
53.8
50.1
23.2
26
0.7
0.06
0.2
0.51
56.7
52.1
23.2
26.2
0.71
0.06
0.2
0.51
51.8
46.7
23.4
26.5
0.71
0.06
0.2
0.51
T (C)
Coil (Hot)
Inlet
Outlet
Shell (Cold)
Inlet
Outlet
Pressure (barg)
Coil (Hot)
Shell (Cold)
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
57.9
49.5
23.2
27.8
0.71
0.06
0.21
0.68
56.4
52.9
23.3
26.8
0.71
0.06
0.21
0.68
58.3
46.8
23.4
26.4
0.71
0.06
0.21
0.67
T (C)
cph
T1
Coil (Hot)
Outle
T2
Tlm
Tmean,c (J/kg.K
QQ (W)
(W/m2.K
Shell (Cold)
Outle
Average
(W/m2.K
Inlet
Inlet
54.
10
47.6
0
23.
50
28.2
0
25.
90
24.
10
24.99
25.8
5
4179.
00
3272.
24
436.49
55.
47.9
23.
28.5
26.
24.
25.53
26.0
4179.
3481.
454.46
20
50.
0
45.3
50
23.
0
27.6
70
22.
40
21.
22.40
0
25.5
00
4179.
11
2924.
435.21
50
40
90
90
00
13
442.05
Table B.2.4: Calculated data for hot water flow rate at 8.7 l/min
T (C)
T1
T2
Tlm
cph
Tmean,
(J/kg.K QQ (W)
(W/m2.
Coil (Hot) Shell (Cold)

Outle
Outle
Average
(W/m2.K
K)
Inlet
Inlet
53.
80
50.1
0
23.
20
26.0
0
27.
80
26.
90
27.35
24.6
0
4180.
00
1949.
89
237.67
56.
52.1
23.
26.2
30.
28.
29.69
24.7
4180.
2089.
234.53
70
51.
0
46.7
20
23.
0
26.5
50
25.
90
23.
24.29
0
24.9
00
4180.
16
2158.
296.30
80
40
30
30
00
80
256.17
T (C)
cph
T1
Coil (Hot)
Outle
T2
Tlm
Tmean,c
(J/kg.K
U
QQ (W)
Shell (Cold)
Outle
(W/m2.K
)
Inlet
Inlet
57.
90
49.5
0
23.
20
27.8
0
30.
10
26.
30
28.16
25.5
0
4179.
00
3202.6
2
379.13
56.
52.9
23.
26.8
29.
29.
29.60
25.0
4178.
2436.1
274.30
41
30
61
60
00
Average
U
(W/m2.K
)
302.43
58.
46.8
23.
26.4
31.
23.
30
40
90
40
27.43
24.9
4180.
2089.1
00
Sample calculation for Table B.2.4: first row

9.8l 1 min
1m 3 1000 kg
kg
Unit conversion of mh: min 60 s 1000 l m3 =0.1666 s
2.
h ,T c ,o ut
T 1 =T
T 1=54.10 - 28.20
T 1= 25.9
3.
c ,
T 2=T h ,out T
T 2= 47.60 - 23.50
T 2= 24.10
4.
5.
6.
T2
T 1 /
ln
T 1 T 2
T lm=
T C ,+T
2
C ,out
28.2023.50
=52.20
2
T mean , h=
Charts .
253.87
c pc =4179 J /kg . K
7. QQ = mhcph(Tc,out Tc,in)
kg
QQ = 0.1666 s 4179 J /kg . K ( 28.2023.50 )
QQ = 3272.24 W
8. QQ =UAsTlm
Q
3272.24058
U=
=
=436.4874 W /m2 . K
A s T lm 0.3 24.98919626

Appendix Counter Current

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Appendix

Counter Current Flow

27.3 25.5 31.4

Sample calculation for Table A.1.4 first row

9. Average U is obtained by adding 3 values and dividing it by 3.

Part 2: Cold water flow rate (mc) is constant at 9.8 l/min

Sample calculation for Table A.2.4 first row

Unit conversion of mc: min 60 s 1000 l m3 =0.1666 s

Sample calculation for Table B.1.4 first row

Part 2: Cold water flow rate (mc) is constant at 9.8 l/min

Coil (Hot) Shell (Cold)

Sample calculation for Table B.2.4: first row

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