Basis Mol

GPM (GROSS PROFIT MARGIN)
KOMPONEN
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
1 Kg =
$ / Lb
0.801 0.36332749
0.4 0.18143695
2 0.90718475
0
0
BM
$ /Lb mol
32.042 11.6417395
36.461 6.61537263
50.488 45.8019436
18.015
0
2.204623 Lb
reaksi :
CH3OH + HCl
GPM
$/kg
CH3Cl + H2O
=
=
=
Produk - Reaktan
(1 x CH3Cl + 1 x H2O) - (1 x CH3OH + 1 x HCl)
27.5448315
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Kapasitas
1 tahun =
ton =
BM
(perry's chemical engineers' handbook,8th edition) table 2-153

32.042
36.461
50.488
18.015
42000 ton/tahun
330 hari
24 jam
1000 Kg
reaksi
CH3OH + HCl --> CH3C
dition) table 2-153
H3OH + HCl --> CH3Cl + H2O
rasio mol
CH3OH
1
:
:
faktor scale-up pabrik =

asumsi basis CH3OH :
konversi CH3OH =
kemurnian CH3OH =
CH3OH reaksi =
HCl
1.15
1
100 Kmol/jam
3204.2 Kg/jam
95.00%
(Kirk othmer)
99.90%
(Ullman, 40 Vol)
Konversi x mula-mula
komponen
CH3OH
H2O
%mol
Kmol/jam Kg/jam
bereaksi (Kmol)
99.9%
99.9 3200.996
94.905
0.1%
0.1
1.8015
mula
reaksi
sisa
CH3OH
99.9
94.905
4.995
kondisi operasi:
T=
300 C
P=
3 bar =
HCl
114.885
94.905
19.98
sisa (kmol)
4.995
CH3Cl
94.905
94.905
komponen
2.96 atm
produk
umpan
HCl excess 15% agar tidak terbentuk
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total (Kg/jam)
ess 15% agar tidak terbentuk produk samping, yaitu dimetil ether (patent 4,922,043)
HCl teoritis =
HCl excess =
HCl total =
kemurnian HCl =
komponen %mol
HCl
H2O
99.9 kmol/jam
3642.4539 Kg/jam
14.985 Kmol/jam
546.368085 Kg/jam
114.885 Kmol/jam
4188.821985 Kg/jam
31%
Kmol/jam Kg/jam
bereaksi (kmol) sisa (Kmol)
31%
114.885 4188.822
94.905
19.98
69% 255.71177 4606.648
H2O
94.905
94.905
H2O total produk =
INPUT
OUTPUT
Kmol/jam Kg/jam
Kmol/jam
Kg/jam
99.9 3200.9958
4.995 160.04979
114.885 4188.82199
19.98 728.49078
0
0
94.905 4791.5636
255.8118 4608.44911 350.716774 6318.1627
470.5968 11998.2669 470.596774 11998.267
H2O dari metanol + H2O dari HCl + H2O r
Input
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
kemurnian Ch3Cl =
fraksi berat
26.6788
34.9119
0.0000
38.4093
100.0000
2O dari HCl + H2O reaksi
Output
fraksi berat
1.3339
6.0716
39.9355
52.6590
100.0000
39.93546 %
Quencher berfungsi mendinginkan secara mendadak dengan bantuan air pendingin yang bersuhu 10
kondisi operasi :
T=
85 C
P=
2 atm
output dari reaktor
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
INPUT
Kmol
Kg/jam
4.995
160.0498
19.98
728.4908
94.905 4791.5636
350.7168 6318.1627
Diinginkan konsentrasi HCl bottom 8%

HCl
19.7802 Kmol/jam
99%
untuk menghindari kelarutan methil klorida dalam air maka air yang keluar harus bersuhu
Kelarutan metanol terhadap air =
80%
H2O di bottom =
55%
CH3Cl =
5%
TOTAL (Kg)
INPUT
TOP
BOTTOM
Kmol/jam Kg/jam
Kmol/jam Kg/jam
Kmol/jam
4.995
160.0498
0.999 32.009958
3.996
19.98
728.4908
0.1998 7.2849078 19.7802
94.905 4791.5636 90.15975 4551.9855 4.74525
350.7168 6318.1627 157.8225 2843.1732 192.8942
11998.2669
7434.4535
265.6988 4786.5641
0
0 265.6988
7434.4535
16784.8310
komponen
input
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
JUMLAH
air pendingin
top
bottom
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
1.333941
6.071633
39.93546
52.65896
%berat
0.43056235 1.369355
0.09798848 7.71312
61.2282455 2.56223
38.2432037 37.16416
endingin yang bersuhu 10 - 20 C
yang keluar harus bersuhu 30-40 C
BOTTOM
Kg/jam
128.039832
721.2058722
239.578182
3474.989478
4563.8134
4786.56408
9350.3774
16784.83098
Kmol yang terserap :

H2O dari utilitas yang dibutuhkan :
221.4157 Kmol
Total Kmol yaang terserap X BM K
3988.803 Kg/jam
H2O excess 20% agar pendinginan sempurna =
4786.564
aang terserap X BM Kmol
Kg/jam
ke distilasi
CW
top product
dari quencher
ke utilitas
input
Asumsi: metil klorida 5% terserap oleh H2O

komponen
Kmol
95% terserap (kmol)
Kg
CH3OH
0.9990
0.7992
HCl
0.1998
0.1598
CH3Cl
90.1598
4.5080
H2O
157.8225
126.2580
TOTAL
131.7251
32.0100
7.2849
4551.9855
2843.1732
maka kebutuhan H2O :

total Kmol x BM H2O =
2373.0271 Kg/jam
digunakan air proses berlebih 20% untuk menyempurnakan penyerapan

total air proses =
2847.6324813208 Kg/jam
H2O produk bawah = air proses + H2O yang terserap
2973.8905 Kmol/jam
komponen
CH3OH
Kmol/jam
0.9990
input
Kg/jam
Top
Kmol/jam
32.0100
0.1998
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
JUMLAH
Cw
0.1998
90.1598
157.8225
7.2849
4551.9855
2843.1732
7434.4535
2847.6325
158.0701
TOTAL
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
0.0400
85.6518
31.5645
10282.0860
input
0.4305623521
0.0979884771
61.228245463
38.243203708
100
top
output
bottom
%berat
0.1306294351
0.0297289797
88.236936254
11.6027053311
100
1.0107448648
0.2300278916
8.9833293559
89.7758978878
100
5% lolos (kmol)
Kg
0.1998
0.0400
85.6518
31.5645
Top
Kg/jam
6.40199
1.45698
4324.38619
568.63464
4900.87980
Kmol/jam
6.4020
Bottom
Kg/jam
0.7992
5%
25.6080
1.4570
4324.3862
568.6346
4900.8798
0.1598
4.5080
126.2580
10282.0860
5.8279
227.5993
2274.5386
2533.5737
2847.6325
5381.2062
W
NM OVER ALL :
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
A
B
C
D
FEED
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
TOTAL
F=D+W
Titik didih ( C ) (1 atm)
64.4
50.5
-24.3
100
Kmol
0.1998
0.03996
85.6517625
31.56450968
117.4560322
CH3Cl
HCl
CH3OH
H2O
Kg
Yi
Xi
6.4019916 0.0017010621 0.001306
1.45698156 0.0003402124 0.000297
4324.386185 0.7292240416 0.882369
568.6346418 0.2687346839 0.116027
4900.8798
1
1
NM komponen CH3OH (A)

%mol CH3OH . F = yA. D + XA . W
yA. D + XA . W =
0.1998 Kmol
. . . . (3)
karena 99.99% CH3OH berada di distilat maka:

99.99% x %mol CH3OH . F = yA . D
YA. D =
0.19978002 Kmol
. . . . (4)
substitusi (4) ke (3)

XA. W=
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
TOTAL
0.00001998 Kmol
Xf. F
XD. D
XW. W
0.1998 0.19978002
0.00001998
0.03996
0.03996
0
85.6517625 85.6517625
0
31.56450968 3.156450968 28.4080587097
117.4560322 89.04795349 28.4080786897
LAJU ALIR DI DISTILAT =

LAJU ALIR DI BOTTOM =
T feed =
P=
294 K
760 mmHg
89.0479534877 Kmol
28.4080786897 Kmol
20.85 C
1 atm
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
XF
Psat
Ki
0.001701062 101.8657441 0.1340338738 5.567787

0.000340212 31946.67187 42.0350945603 1746.144
0.729224042 3818.050878 5.0237511548 208.6874
0.268734684 18.29555354 0.0240730968
1
T trial =
P=
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
300 K
303.3135975 K
30.1635975201 C
760 mmHg
1 atm
yD
Psat
Ki
0.002243511 165.1879689 0.2173525907 5.169852

0.000448747 38930.68934 51.2245912414 1218.405
0.9618611 4988.14329 6.5633464338 156.1128
0.035446642 31.95216562 0.0420423232
1
Trial =
T buble =T solver =
P=
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
350 K
373.1520591 K
100.002059055 C
760 mmHg
1 atm
Xw
Psat
Ki
7.03321E-007 2658.075462 3.4974677132 3.497473

0 123619.5705 162.657329653 162.6576
0 23332.29271 30.7003851427 30.70043
0.999999297 759.9988559 0.9999984946
1
T dew = T solver =
Distribusi komponen
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
input
Distilat
waste
0.1998 0.19978002
0.00001998
0.03996
0.03996 4.813548E-022
85.6517625 85.6517625 2.417815E-012
31.56450968 3.156450968 28.4080587097
117.4560322 89.04795349 28.4080786897
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
OUTPUT
INPUT
Kmol/jam
Kg/jam
Kmol/jam
Kg/jam
0.1998
6.4019916
0.19978002 6.401351
0.03996 1.45698156
0.03996 1.456982
85.6517625 4324.386185
85.6517625 4324.386
31.56450968 568.6346418 3.1564509677 56.86346
4389.108
4900.8798
input
top
0.130629435
0.02972898
88.23693625
11.60270533
bottom
%berat
0.145846296 0.0001250946
0.033195391 3.429395E-021
98.52539975 2.385255E-011
1.29555856 99.9998749053
menghitung reflux
T ave =
P=
Tdew + Tbuble
2
1 atm
338.232828288 K
komponen
Ch3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Xf
Xd
Xw
Psat
0.001701062 0.002243511 7.033211E-007 777.2914
0.000340212 0.000448747 1.694429E-023 73832.64
0.729224042
0.9618611 8.511012E-014 11771.87
0.268734684 0.035446642 0.9999992967 188.331
760 mmHg
umpan masuk dalam keadaan jenuh (1-q=0), maka q = 1

trial =
solver =
0.5
0.5000
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
TOTAL
maka :
Xf
0.0017
0.0003
0.7292
0.2687
1.0000
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
TOTAL
Komposisi reflux
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
4.1273
392.0366
62.5063
1.0000
.Xf / -
0.0019
0.0003
0.7351
0.5375
1.2748
4.1273
1218.4053
156.1128
1.0000
.Xd / -
0.0026
0.0004
0.9650
0.0709
1.0388
0.5
Xd
0.0022
0.0004
0.9619
0.0354
1.0000
(L)
XL
0.0022
0.0004
0.9619
0.0354
Komposisi uap (V)

komponen
Yv
CH3OH
0.0022
HCl
0.0004
CH3Cl
0.9619
H2O
0.0354
kmol/jam
0.011641174
0.002328468
4.990924993
0.18392628
5.188820915
Kmol/jam
0.211421194
0.042288468
90.64268749
3.340377247
94.2367744
-24.3
50.5
64.4 LK
100 HK
Y=
X=
fraksi mol
fraksi berat
NM komponen H2O (D)

%mol H2O x F = yB . D + XB . W
yB . D + XB . W =
31.5645096774
karena 90% H2O berada dibottom maka:

90.0% x %mol H2O . F = XB . W
XB . W =
28.4080587097

yB. D
3.1564509677
antoine (gravin Towler, Chemical engineering design)

komponen
A
CH3OH
18.5875
HCl
16.504
CH3Cl
16.1052
H2O
18.3036
ln Psat A
yF
0.000228
0.014300861
3.663440121
0.006469276
3.684
DISTRIBUSI KOMPONEN
L. D =
L. W =
L. Ave =
5.1698520508
3.4974729783
(L.D x L. W)^0.5
4.2522250469
Nm =
XD
0.010321987
8.76038E-006
0.146550408
0.843118072
1.0000
4.9541990778
0.6286162413
7.8811184829
untuk komponen HCl (B)

HCl. Ave =
yW
2.45984E-006
0
0
0.999997791
1.0000
B
T C
XB.D
XB.W
XB. D =
( HCl.D x HCl. W)^0.5

445.1773332706
8.301569597057E+019
8.301569597057E+019
XB.F = XB.D + XB.W

XBW.W =
4.8135475505943E-022
XBD.D =
0.03996
untuk komponen metil klorida ( C )

CH3Cl. Ave = ( CH3Cl.D x CH3Cl. W)^0.5
69.2295565569
XC.D
XC.W
XC.W
OUTPUT
W
Kmol/jam
Kg/jam
0.00001998 0.0006402
4.81355E-022 1.76E-020
2.41781E-012 1.22E-010
28.40805871 511.77118
511.77182
4900.8798
ki
1.022751809 4.1272622
97.1482079 392.03658
15.48930527 62.506293
0.247803935
1
(geankoplis, persamaan 11.7-19)
.X f
1 q

35425275596402.1
35425275596402.1
XC.F = XC.D + XC. W

XC.W =
2.4178149938994E-012
XC.D =
85.6517625
kemurnian CH3Cl didistilat =

kemurnian ChH3Cl di bottom =
.X f
1 q

Rm/Rm+1 =
Rm + 1 =
Rm
RD =
RD =
0.037394
.Xf / -
0.0388
1.5000 x Rdm
0.0583
Refluks distilat
L=
RD x D
5.1888 Kg/jam
uap yang keluar distilat menuju kondensor
V= L + D
V=
94.2368 Kg/jam
Kmol
. . . . (1)
Kmol
. . . . (2)
Kmol
l engineering design)
B
3626.55
1714.25
2077.97
3816.44
C
-34.29
-14.45
-29.55
-46.13
P = mmHg
T = Kelvin
A, B, C = konstanta Antoine
Menghitung stage teoritis (Nm)
L. Average L.D x L.W

Log[(
Nm
stage
X L. D .D
X
.W
) x( H .w
)]
X H . D .D
X L.W .W
Log L. Average
L. Average B. D x B.W
XA.W
. . . (1)
. . . (2)
Nm
X B. D .D
X
.D
( average ) x H . D
X B.W .W
X H .W .W
rida ( C )
CH3Cl. W)^0.5
XC.W
. . . . . (3)
. . . . (4)
98.5253997531 %
2.385255287E-011 %
menghitung kapasitas
CH3Cl yang didapat dari distilat =
4324.3861851 Kg/jam
103785.26844 Kg/hari
34249138.586 Kg/tahun
34249.138586 Ton/tahun
kapasitas yang diharapkan =

faktor scale -up pabrik =
2000 ton/tahun
0.0583956293
maka kebutuhan:
metanol
HCl
5.839563 Kmol/jam
6.715497 Kmol/jam
187.1113 Kg/jam
244.8537 Kg/jam
B.W
X H . D .D
X H .W .W
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
INPUT
OUTPUT
Kmol/jam
Kg/jam
Kmol/jam
99.9
3200.9958
4.995
114.885
4188.821985
19.98
0
0
94.905
255.811774 4608.4491120968
350.7167741935
11998.2668970968
11998.2668970968
OU
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
air pendingin
INPUT
Kmol/jam
Kg/jam
4.995
19.98
94.905
350.716774
265.698811
TOP
Kmol/jam
160.04979
0.999
728.49078
4791.56364
6318.1626870968
4786.5640795839
0.1998
90.15975
157.8225483871
0
16784.8309766806
OU
INPUT
komponen
Kmol/jam
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
CW
16784.83
0.999
0.1998
90.15975
157.822548
158.070079
VAPOR
Kg/jam
Kmol/jam
32.009958
7.2849078
4551.985458
2843.1732091936
2847.6324813208
0.1998
0.03996
85.6517625
31.5645096774
10282.0860143144
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
OU
INPUT
komponen
CH3OH
10282.08
Kmol/jam
Kg/jam
0.1998
0.03996
85.6517625
31.5645097
DISTILAT
Kmol/jam
6.4019916
0.19978002
1.45698156
4324.3861851
568.6346418387
0.03996
85.6517625
3.1564509677
4900.8798000987
4900.87
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
INPUT (Kg/jam)
reaktor
CW Quencher
CW scrubber
3200.9958
0
0
4188.82199
0
0
0
0
0
4608.44911 4786.5640795839
2847.6324813208
11998.2669 4786.5640795839
2847.6324813208
19632.4634580015
OUTPUT
REAKTOR
Kg/jam
160.04979
728.49078
4791.56364
6318.1626870968
1998.2668970968
OUTPUT
TOP
Kg/jam
Kmol/jam
32.009958
BOTTOM
Kg/jam
3.996
128.039832
7.2849078
19.7802
721.2058722
4551.985458
4.74525
239.578182
2843.1732091936 192.894225806 3474.989477903
0 265.698810968 4786.564079584
7434.4535329936
9350.377443687
16784.8309766806
QUENCH SYST
OUTPUT
VAPOR
Kg/jam
Kmol/jam
LIQUID
Kg/jam
6.4019916
0.7992
25.6079664
1.45698156
0.15984
5.82792624
4324.3861851
4.5079875
227.5992729
568.6346418387 126.25803871 2274.538567355
158.070079452 2847.632481321
4900.8798000987
5381.206214216
10282.0860143144
SCRUBBER
OUTPUT
DISTILAT
WASTE
Kg/jam
Kmol/jam
Kg/jam
6.4013514008
0.00001998 0.0006401992
1.45698156 4.813548E-022 1.7550676E-020
4324.3861850999 2.417815E-012 1.2207064E-010
56.8634641839 28.4080587097 511.7711776548
4389.1079822446
511.7718178541
4900.8798000987
DISTILASI
OUTPUT (Kg/jam)
NM
bottom quencher
L scrubber
distilat
waste
128.039832
25.6079664 6.4013514008
0.0006401992
721.2058722
5.82792624
1.45698156 1.7550675724222E-020
239.578182
227.5992729 4324.3861851 1.2207064341199E-010
8261.5535574871 5122.17104868 56.8634641839
511.7711776548
9350.3774436871 5381.20621422 4389.107982245
511.7718178541
19632.4634580015
OVER ALL
REAKTOR
QUENCH SYSTEM
SCRUBBER
DISTILASI
NM OVER ALL
basis perhitungan
satuan operasi
1 jam operasi
joule/jam
Temperatur basis
NE
25 0C
298.15 K
(Smith, 2001)
Qi H i
n.C p .dT
T0
Ideal gas
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
CH3OCH3
A
21.15
30.67
13.88
32.24
97.94
B
7.09E-02
-7.20E-03
1.01E-01
1.92E-03
1.67E-01
C
2.59E-05
1.25E-05
-3.89E-05
1.06E-05
9.99E-06
Cp liquid
Cpdt
A BT CT
DT
D
-2.85E-08
-3.90E-09
2.57E-09
-3.60E-09
-3.34E-08
To
Cp AT
fase liquid
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
B
T
2
c1
1.06E+05
47300
96910
276370
C 3
D
T
T
3
4
c2
-362.23
90
-207.9
-2090.1
c3
c4
c5
0.9379
0
0
0
0
0
0.37456 0.000488
0
8.125 -0.014116 9.3701E-006
Cpdt
C1 C 2T C 3T 2 C 4T 3 C 5T 4
To
Cp C1T
C2 2
C3 3
C4 4
C5 5
T
T
T
T
2
3
4
5
(gavin Towler, Chemical engineering design)
Cp gas
Cp.dT A B. exp(
C
)
TD
fase gas
HCl
(Perry, table 2-196 hal 220)
Cp = J/Kmol K
T T
Lv Lv ,b . c
Tc Tb
Lv =
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
6.7+0.00084T
latent heat temperature T, Kj/Kmol

latent heat at the normal boiling point, Kj/Kmol
critical temperature , K
boiling point, K
Temperature, K
(Perry,table 2-194 hal 211)
H2O
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
40683 Kj/kmol
647.3 K
100 C
373.15 K
30 C
303.15 K
51070.78
steam
Ts = 300 C
Ti = 30 C
To = 250 C
steam kondensat
T= 300 C
Neraca energi total:

H input + Q supply = H output + Q loss
entalpi komponen input

T=
komponen
CH3OH
H2O
30 C
303.15 K
Tref =
Cp dT (J/kmol K)
n (Kmol/jam)
H (Kj/jam)
524511.204166667 122.508190679 64256.92
1356060.09189798 0.1226308215 166.2948
64423.21
neraca energi total

asumsi:
Q loss =
Q supply =
1755396.196 Kj
Q loss =
5% dari Q supply (kehilangan maksimum 10
87769.8097996172 Kj
kebutuhan steam
steam yang digunakan pada tekanan 5 atm dengan suhu 360 C
540
572
steam =
Q steam =
M steam =
3188 Kj/Kg
Msteam . steam
550.6261593452 Kg
NERACA ENERGI
Komponen
CH3OH
H2O
Q supply
Q loss
input
output
H (Kj/jam)
H (Kj/jam)
64256.9186130597 1729902.18621
166.2947630728 2147.41336172
1755396.196
0
0 87769.8097996
1819819
1819819
1312.038 btu/lb
Fungsi :
kondisi operasi :
o = 250 C
menguapkan methanol dengan bantuan steam

T=
P=
250
1.8
liquid
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Gas
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
entalpi komponen keluar

25 C
298.15 K
T=
komponen
CH3OH
H2O
entalpi komponen
y (kehilangan maksimum 10% ) ulrich, hal 432)
Tref
CH3OH
H2O
1 atm = 101.325 Kpa
komponen
dT (n. )
geankoplis, steam table A.2-10
CH3OH
H2O
T T
Lv Lv ,b . c
Tc Tb
engan bantuan steam

C
atm
C1
1.06E+05
4.73E+04
9.69E+04
C2
-3.62E+02
9.00E+01
-2.08E+02
C3
C4
9.38E-01 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00
3.75E-01 4.88E-04
2.76E+05
-2.09E+03
8.13E+00 -1.41E-02 9.37E-006
C5
0
0
0
2.12E+01
7.09E-02 2.59E-05 -2.85E-08
3.07E+01
-7.20E-03 1.25E-05 -3.90E-09
1.39E+01
1.01E-01 -3.89E-05 2.57E-09
3.22E+01
1.92E-03 1.06E-05 -3.60E-09
talpi komponen keluar

250 C
523.15 K
Tref =
25 C
298.15 K
Cp dT
n (Kmol/jam)
H (Kj/jam)
6633.8642461 122.508190679 812702.7
7340.4542426 0.1226308215 900.1659
813602.9
talpi komponen
T
dT (n. )
terjadi perubahan fase
Tref
35278 Kj/Kmol
40683 Kj/Kmol
Cp dT
n (Kmol/jam)
6633.8642461 122.508190679 1729902

7340.4542426 0.1226308215 2147.413
1732050
H2O
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T T
Lv ,b . c
Tc Tb
Lv =
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=

latent heat at the normal boiling point, Kj/Kmol
boiling point, K
Temperature, K
T=
Lv =
CH3OH
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
40683 Kj/kmol
573.15 K
100 C
373.15 K
250 C
523.15 K
10170.75
35278 Kj/kmol
573.15 K
64.4 C
337.55 K
250 C
523.15 K
7486.842
35278
steam
Ts = 300 C
Ti = 30 C
To = 250 C
steam kondensat
T = 300 C


T=
komponen
HCl
H2O
30 C
303.15 K
Tref =
Cp dT (J/kmol k)
n (Kmol/jam)
H (Kj/jam)
237625 140.88441928 33477.66
1356060.09189798 313.581449366 425235.3
458712.9
neraca energi total

asumsi:
Q loss =
Q supply =
6808964.614 Kj
Q loss =
340448.230690447 Kj
kebutuhan steam
steam =
3188 Kj/Kg
Geankoplis, steam table A.2
Q steam = Msteam . steam
M steam =
2135.8107320605 Kg
NERACA ENERGI
Komponen
HCl
H2O
Q supply
Q loss
input
output
H (Kj/jam)
H (Kj/jam)
33477.6601314753 1436040.52577
425235.289044452 5491188.80653
6808964.61380894
0
0 340448.23069
7267678
7267678
Fungsi :
menguapkan HCl dengan bantuan steam
kondisi operasi :
o = 250 C
T=
P=
250 C
1.8 atm
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
A
21.15
30.67
13.88
32.24
B
7.09E-02
-7.20E-03
1.01E-01
1.92E-03
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
C1
1.06E+05
4.73E+04
9.69E+04
2.76E+05
C2
-3.62E+02
9.00E+01
-2.08E+02
-2.09E+03
entalpi komponen keluar

25 C
298.15 K
eankoplis, steam table A.2-10
T=
250 C
523.15 K
komponen
HCl
H2O
Cp dT
n (Kmol/jam)
6763.286 140.88441928
7340.454 313.58144937
entalpi komponen
T
dT (n. )
Tref
HCl
H2O
komponen
HCl
H2O
16161 Kj/Kmol
40683 Kj/Kmol
Cp dT
n (Kmol/jam)
6763.286 140.88441928
7340.454 313.58144937
T T
Lv Lv ,b . c
Tc Tb
Lv =
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
latent heat temperature T

latent heat at the normal
boiling point, K
Temperature, K
C
2.59E-05
1.25E-05
-3.89E-05
1.06E-05
D
-2.85E-08
-3.90E-09
2.57E-09
-3.60E-09
C3
9.38E-01
0.00E+00
3.75E-01
8.13E+00
C4
C5
0.00E+00
0
0.00E+00
0
4.88E-04
0
-1.41E-02 9.37E-006
Tref =
25 C
298.15 K
H
952841.7
2301830
3254672
H
1436041
5491189
6927229
heat temperature T, Kj/Kmol

heat at the normal boiling point, Kj/Kmol
l temperature , K
H2O
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
CH3OH
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
40683 Kj/kmol
573.15 K
100 C
373.15 K
250 C
523.15 K
10170.75
16161 Kj/kmol
573.15 K
64.4 C
337.55 K
250 C
523.15 K
3429.754
Ti = 250 C
To = 300 C

T=
Methanol
komponen
CH3OH
H2O
HCl
komponen
HCl
H2O
250 C
523.15 K
Tref =
Cp dT
n (Kmol/jam)
H
6633.864246094 122.5081906785 812702.7
7340.454242578
0.1226308215 900.1659
813602.9
Cp dT
n (Kmol/jam)
6763.286213086 140.8844192803
7340.454242578 313.5814493658
TOTAL INPUT =
H
0
2301830
2301830
3115433 Kj/Jam
neraca energi total

asumsi:
Q loss =
Q supply =
2030879.538 Kj
Q loss =
101543.9768765 Kj
NERACA ENERGI
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
H2O
Q supply
Q loss
TOTAL
input (Kj/jam)
output (Kj/jam)
812702.7059957 1058038.7316403
0 1161277.1939781
2302730.446325 2825452.7873558
2030879.5375
101543.97687651
5146312.6899
5146312.6899
Fungsi :
memanaskan methanol dan HCl dengan bantuan steam
kondisi operasi :
T=
P=
300 C
3 atm
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
A
21.15
30.67
13.88
H2O
32.24
entalpi komponen output

25 C
298.15 K
T=
300
573.15
Methanol
komponen
CH3OH
H2O
Cp dT
8636.473
9006.745
HCl
komponen
HCl
H2O
Cp dT
8242.765
9006.745
TOTAL OUTPUT =
kebutuhan steam
steam yang digunakan pada tekanan 5 atm den
steam =
3188
M steam =
637.0388
B
7.09E-02
-7.20E-03
1.01E-01
C
D
2.59E-05 -2.85E-08
1.25E-05 -3.90E-09
-3.89E-05 2.57E-09
1.92E-03
1.06E-05 -3.60E-09
mponen output
C
K
Tref =
25 C
298.15 K
n (Kmol/jam)
H
122.5081907 1058039
0.122630822 1104.505
1059143
n (Kmol/jam)
140.8844193
313.5814494
H
1161277
2824348
3985625
5044769 Kj/Jam
gunakan pada tekanan 5 atm dengan suhu 360 C

Kj/Kg
Geankoplis, steam table A.2-10
Msteam . steam
Kg
To = 330 C
Ti = 300 C
300 C
25 C
H reaksi
25 C
Hr = HFproduk - HFreaktan

Q = Hreaksi + (H2 - H1)
H input + Hr = H output + Q serap
entalpi input
input =
H output dari heater
berdasarkan Himmelblau halaman 456:

panas reaksi standar, 25 C
Hf produk - Hf reaktan
H reaksi (25 C) =
reaksi yang terjadi :
CH3OH + HCl --> CH3Cl + H2O
data entalpii pembentukan (Gavin Towler, chemical engineering design)
komponen
Hf (Kj/mol) Kj/Kmol
CH3OH
-201.3
-201300
HCl
-92.36
-92360
CH3Cl
-86.37
-86370
H2O
-242
-242000
-622030
komponen
n (kmol)
Hf (Kj/jam)
H reaksi (Kj/jam)
CH3OH
6.125409534 -1233044.939179 -110636985.012372
HCl
24.50163814 -2262971.298213
CH3Cl
116.3827811 -10051980.80746
H2O
430.0868613 -104081020.4423
-111259015.012372
Neraca energi total

H reaktan + H reaksi = H produk + Q serap
Q serap =
110090618.0943
fungsi :
kondisi operasi :
mereaksikan metanol dan HCl

P=
T=
3 atm
300 C
330 C
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
A
21.15
30.67
13.88
32.24
entalpi keluar
T=
330
603.15
5044768.7130 Kj/jam
komponen
Cp dT
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
9932.38257396
9128.821474133
8587.517184872
10014.68748267
NERACA ENERGI
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Hr
Q serap
ring design)
input (KJ/jam)
1058038.73164
1161277.193978
0
2825452.787356
110636985.01
115681753.7253
eksotermis
110636985.01
kebutuhan air pendingin:
Q = m.Cp.T
m=
Q
Cp.T
219122.4366
B
7.09E-02
-7.20E-03
1.01E-01
1.92E-03
C
K
C
2.59E-05
1.25E-05
-3.89E-05
1.06E-05
Tref =
n (kmol)
D
-2.85E-08
-3.90E-09
2.57E-09
-3.60E-09
25 C
298.15 K
H
6.1254095339
24.5016381357
116.3827811446
430.0868613318
60839.9109131
223671.080365
999439.133102
4307185.50664
5591135.63102
output (Kj/jam)
60839.910913128
223671.08036461
999439.13310223
4307185.5066415
0.1181102362
0.0098425197
110090618.0943
115681753.725
Cp air =
Tin =
T out =
Kg
4.1868 Kj/Kg K
30 C
150 C
303.15 K
423.15 K
CW
Tc = 20 C
To = 85 C
Ti = 330 C
T = 30 C
entalpi input
H output dari reaktor =
Cooling water =
5591135.631 Kj/jam
7959805.3955 Kj/jam
13550941.03 Kj/jam
H2O dari utilitas

T=
komponen
H2O
20 C
293.15 K
25
298.15
kg/jam
Kmol/jam
Cp dT (J/kmol K)H (Kj/jam)
5869.80285242 325.8286346 1356060.0919 7959805
H input = H output + Q serap

Q serap =
Tref =
-1097964.0 Kj/jam
NERACA ENERGI
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
CW
Q serap
TOTAL
input (Kj/jam)
output (Kj/jam)
top
bottom
60839.9109131 1713.186679 2743.1505026
223671.080365 447.9200063 6155.9910085
999439.133102 111948.8096
0
4307185.50664 375197.033 14150698.97
7959805.39547
0
-1097964.0
489306.9493 13061634.077
13550941.0265
13550941.0265

Q = m.Cp.T
m=
Q
Cp.T
26224.4205 Kg
Cp air =
Tin =
T out =
4.1868
20
30
Fungsi :
mendinginkan secara mendadak dengan bantuan air pendingin yang bersuhu 10
kondisi operasi :
T=
85 C
P=
1 atm
komponen C1
C2
CH3OH
105800
HCl
47300
CH3Cl
96910
H2O
276370
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
CH3OCH3
A
21.15
30.67
13.88
32.24
97.94
C3
-362.23
90
-207.9
-2090.1
B
7.09E-02
-7.20E-03
1.01E-01
1.92E-03
1.67E-01
0.9379
0
0.37456
8.125
C
2.59E-05
1.25E-05
-3.89E-05
1.06E-05
9.99E-06
entalpi output
TOP PRODUCT
T=
C
K
85 C
358.15 K
Tref =
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Cp dT
n (kmol)
H
1398.426 1.2250819068 1713.1866787
1828.123 0.2450163814 447.9200063
1012.528 110.56364209 111948.80961
1938.611 193.5390876 375197.03298
489306.94927
BOTTOM PRODUCT
T=
30 C
Tref =
303.15 K
CH3OH
35278 Kj/Kmol
HCl
H2O
16161 Kj/Kmol
40683 Kj/Kmol
(gavin Towler, Chemical engin
komponen
Cp dT
n (Kmol/jam)
CH3OH
HCl
H2O
524511.2 4.9003276271 2743.1505026

237625 24.256621754 6155.9910085
1356060 10131.210996 14150698.972
14159598.113
T T
Lv Lv ,b . c
Tc Tb
Kj/Kg K
C
C
293.15 K
303.15 K
Lv =
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=

latent heat at the normal boiling point, Kj/Km
boiling point, K
Temperature, K
dingin yang bersuhu 10 s/d 20 C
C4
C5
0
0
0
0
0.000488
0
-0.014116 9.37E-006
D
-2.85E-08
-3.90E-09
2.57E-09
-3.60E-09
-3.34E-08
25 C
298.15 K
25 C
298.15 K
Towler, Chemical engineering design)
re T, Kj/Kmol
mal boiling point, Kj/Kmol
H2O
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
CH3OH
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
40683 Kj/kmol
303.15 K
100 C
373.15 K
85 C
358.15 K
31965.21
40683 Kj/kmol
303.15 K
64.4 C
337.55 K
85 C
358.15 K
65045.49
CW
Tc = 30 C
Ti= 85
To = 50 C
CW
Tco = 45 C
NERACA ENERGI TOTAL :
H input = H output + Q
entalpi input
H output dari top Quencher =
489306.9 Kj/Jam
entalpi output
T=
50 C
323.15 K
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Cp dT
551.0444544271
764.5642026693
378.4851986003
806.6558467448
n (kmol)
H
1.225082 675.0746
0.245016 187.3308
110.5636 41846.7
193.5391 156119.4
198828.5
Neraca energi total

Q serap =
290478.405308214 Kj/jam
H ( 45 C) =
H ( 30 C) =
m=
188.4 Kj/Kg
125.7 Kj/Kg
Q
H (45 C) - H (30 C)
Tref =
25 C
298.15 K
m=
4632.829430753 Kg
Fungsi =
mendinginkan uap keluaran quencher dengan bantuan CW
kondisi operasi =
T=
50 C
P=
1 atm
= H output + Q serap
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
NERACA ENERGI
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Q serap
input (KJ/jam)
output (Kj/Jam)
1713.18667872 675.0745909528
447.920006298 187.3307542531
111948.809608 41846.702033397
375197.03298 156119.43658565
290478.40530821
489306.949272 489306.94927247
A
21.15
30.67
13.88
32.24
B
7.09E-02
-7.20E-03
1.01E-01
1.92E-03
C
2.59E-05
1.25E-05
-3.89E-05
1.06E-05
D
-2.85E-08
-3.90E-09
2.57E-09
-3.60E-09
CW
Tc = 20 C
To = 35 C
Ti = 50 C
T = 30 C
entalpi input
H output dari cooler =
Cooling water =
198828.54396 Kj/jam
4735463.688 Kj/jam
4934292.232 Kj/jam
H2O dari utilitas

T=
komponen
H2O
20 C
293.15 K
25
298.15
kg/jam
Kmol/jam
Cp dT
H
3492.07510514 193.842637 1356060.0919 4735464

Q serap =
Tref =
-8891272.1 Kj/jam
NERACA ENERGI
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
CW
Q serap
TOTAL
input (Kj/jam)
output (Kj/jam)
top
bottom
675.074590953 263.4594407 2609.2122756
187.330754253 75.05932126 5763.9797444
41846.7020334 15905.35862
0
156119.436586 62416.29917 13738530.91
4735463.688
0
-8891272.1
78660.17656 4855632.0554
4934292.23196
4934292.2320

Q = m.Cp.T
m=
Q
Cp.T
212364.3845 Kg
Cp air =
Tin =
T out =
4.1868
20
30
Fungsi :
menyerap HCl excess dan komponen lainnya dengan bantuan CW
kondisi operasi :
T=
35 C
P=
1 atm
komponen C1
C2
CH3OH
105800
HCl
47300
CH3Cl
96910
H2O
276370
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
CH3OCH3
A
21.15
30.67
13.88
32.24
97.94
C3
-362.23
90
-207.9
-2090.1
B
7.09E-02
-7.20E-03
1.01E-01
1.92E-03
1.67E-01
0.9379
0
0.37456
8.125
C
2.59E-05
1.25E-05
-3.89E-05
1.06E-05
9.99E-06
entalpi output
TOP PRODUCT
T=
C
K
35 C
308.15 K
Tref =
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Cp dT
n (kmol)
H
215.0546 1.2250819068 263.45944067
306.3441 0.2450163814 75.059321261
143.857 110.56364209 15905.358623
322.4997 193.5390876 62416.299175
78660.17656
BOTTOM PRODUCT
T=
30 C
Tref =
303.15 K
CH3OH
35278 Kj/Kmol
HCl
H2O
16161 Kj/Kmol
40683 Kj/Kmol
(gavin Towler, Chemical engin
komponen
Cp dT
n (Kmol/jam)
CH3OH
HCl
H2O
524511.2 4.9003276271 2609.2122756

237625 24.256621754 5763.9797444
1356060 10131.210996 13738530.915
13746904.107
T T
Lv Lv ,b . c
Tc Tb
Kj/Kg K
C
C
293.15 K
303.15 K
Lv =
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=

latent heat at the normal boiling point, Kj/Km
boiling point, K
Temperature, K
C4
C5
0
0
0
0
0.000488
0
-0.014116 9.37E-006
D
-2.85E-08
-3.90E-09
2.57E-09
-3.60E-09
-3.34E-08
25 C
298.15 K
25 C
298.15 K
Towler, Chemical engineering design)
re T, Kj/Kmol
mal boiling point, Kj/Kmol
H2O
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
CH3OH
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
HCl
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
40683 Kj/kmol
293.15 K
100 C
373.15 K
30 C
303.15 K
5085.375
35278 Kj/kmol
293.15 K
64.4 C
337.55 K
30 C
303.15 K
7945.495
16161 Kj/kmol
293.15 K
50.5 C
323.65 K
30 C
303.15 K
5298.689
CW
Tc = 30 C
Ti= 35
To = 32.5 C
CW
Tco = 45 C
NERACA ENERGI TOTAL :
H input = H output + Q
entalpi input
H output dari top scrubber =
78660.18 Kj/Jam
entalpi output
T=
20.85 C
294 K
Tref =
25 C
298.15 K
komponen
Cp dT
n (kmol)
H
CH3OH
-442211.59804697 0.245016 -108.3491
HCl
-195519.9875
0.049003 -9.58112
CH3Cl
-403975.66637714 105.0355 -42431.77
H2O
-1165128.4964084 38.70782 -45099.58
-87649.28
T
dT ( n. )
Tref
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
35278 Kj/Kmol
16161 Kj/Kmol
21436 Kj/Kmol
40683 Kj/Kmol
Cp dT
88.3838261591
127.2187872375
58.4742542195
n (kmol)
H
0.245016 -7054.877
0.049003 -8030.029
105.0355 1853625
H2O
133.8128193893
38.70782 -710347
1128192
Neraca energi total

Q serap =
-1049531.9889255 Kj/jam
H ( 45 C) =
H ( 30 C) =
188.4 Kj/Kg
125.7 Kj/Kg
m=
Q
H (45 C) - H (30 C)
m=
16738.9471917937 Kg
1049532
Fungsi =
mengkondensasi uap keluaran scrubber dengan bantuan CW
kondisi operasi =
T=
32 C
P=
1 atm
= H output + Q serap
l engineering design)
gas
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
A
21.15
30.67
13.88
32.24
B
7.09E-02
-7.20E-03
1.01E-01
1.92E-03
liquid
komponen C1
C2
CH3OH
105800
-362.23
HCl
47300
90
CH3Cl
96910
-207.9
H2O
276370
-2090.1
T T
Lv Lv ,b . c
Tc Tb
Lv =
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
latent heat temperature T,

latent heat at the normal b
boiling point, K
Temperature, K
NERACA ENERGI
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Q serap
input (KJ/jam)
output (Kj/Jam)
263.459440668 -7054.877289969
75.0593212611 -8030.029234784
15905.3586233 1853624.564751
62416.2991748 -710347.4927408
-1049531.988925
78660.17656 78660.176560024
C
2.59E-05
1.25E-05
-3.89E-05
1.06E-05
D
-2.85E-08
-3.90E-09
2.57E-09
-3.60E-09
C3
C4
C5
0.9379
0
0
0
0
0
0.37456 0.000488
0
8.125 -0.014116 9.37E-006
atent heat temperature T, Kj/Kmol

atent heat at the normal boiling point, Kj/Kmol
ritical temperature , K
oiling point, K
emperature, K
H2O
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
CH3OH
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
40683 Kj/kmol
293.15 K
100 C
373.15 K
-16.35 C
256.8 K
-18485.34
35278 Kj/kmol
293.15 K
64.4 C
337.55 K
-16.35 C
256.8 K
-28881.88
HCl
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
CH3Cl
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
16161 Kj/kmol
293.15 K
50.5 C
323.65 K
30 C
-16.35 K
-163994
21436 Kj/kmol
293.15 K
-24.3 C
248.85 K
-16.35 C
256.8 K
17589.13
Neraca energi total

H input + Q reboiling = H output + Q kondensasi + Q loss
F.Hf + Q reboiling = D.Hd + W.Hw + Q kondensasi + Q loss
entalpi input = entalpi output dari condensor
Neraca energi di sekitar kondensor

t = 30 C
T = 32.5 C
t= 45 C
entalpi vapor (V.Hv) pada suhu 32.49 C

T=
32.5 C
Tref =
305.65 K
komponen
CH3OH
25
298.15
Yv
Kg/jam
n (kmol)
Cp dT
0.002244 7.855036 0.245148 104.2817
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
0.000449 1.787848 0.049035 222.1237

0.961861 5306.412 105.1024 112.0175
0.035447 69.7766 3.87325 234.7517
Q kondensasi = V.Hv - D.Hd - L.HL

kebutuhan air pendingin
suhu air pendingin masuk =
suhu air pendingin keluar =
Cp air pendingin =
Q serap =
m.Cp.T
m air pendingin =
Q serap
Cp.T
35314.8 Kg
2216357
30 C
45 C
4.184 Kj/Kg
Neraca energi total :

H input + Q reboiling = H output + Q kondensasi + Q loss
F.Hf + Q reboiling = D.Hd + W.Hw + Q kondensasi + Q loss
Asumsi :: Q loss =
Q reboiling =
Q loss =
5% Q reboiling (Kehilangan maksimum 10%)

3068660 Kj
153433 Kj
kebutuhan steam:
steam =
2783.1 Kj/Kg
Smith, steam table F-2
M steam =
1102.605 Kg
fungsi :
kondisi operasi =
memisahkan metil klorida dari impuritiesnya.

P=
1 atm
T=
trial boiling point feed
i total
ut + Q kondensasi + Q loss
w + Q kondensasi + Q loss
-87649.2813715365 Kj/jam
T = 29.5 C
entalpi distilat
T=
C
K
35278
H
8673.899
komponen
CH3OH
30.1635839225
303.3135839225
Kg/jam
7.85002981
16161
21436
40683
Kj/jam
nsasi + Q loss
asi + Q loss
n maksimum 10%)
engan suhu 150 C

mith, steam table F-2
803.3387
2264749
158484.7
2274226
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
entalpi bottom
T=
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
1.7867084561
5303.0303036205
69.732133262
100.0020555086
373.1520555086
Kg/jam
0.0007850815
2.152253033E-020
1.496961580E-010
627.5891993584
NERACA ENERGI
komponen
input (KJ/jam)
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Q reboiling
Q kondensasi
Q loss
-108.3490855476
-9.581119964
-42431.769939854
-45099.581226171
3068659.5981022
2981010.3167306
komponen
CH3OH
21.15
7.09E-02 2.59E-05 -2.85E-08
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
30.67
13.88
32.24
-7.20E-03 1.25E-05 -3.90E-09

1.01E-01 -3.89E-05 2.57E-09
1.92E-03 1.06E-05 -3.60E-09
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
C
K
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
105800
-362.23
0.9379
0
0
47300
90
0
0
0
96910
-207.9 0.37456 0.000488
0
276370
-2090.1
8.125 -0.014116 9.37E-006
Tref =
25 C
298.15 K
n (kmol)
Cp dT H
0.2449918797 541521.2 132.6683
entalpi reflux
T=
30.16358 C
303.3136 K
komponen Kg/jam
n (kmol)
CH3OH
0.005006 0.000156
0.0490032763 245437.3 12.02723

105.03545998 497648.6 52270.75
3.870781752 1399566 5417.416
57832.86
C
K
Tref =
25 C
298.15 K
n (kmol)
Cp dT H
2.450164E-005 7048293 0.172695
5.902891E-022 3800736 2.24E-018
2.964985E-012 6740236 2.00E-008
34.837035768 15885037 553387.6
553387.8
output (Kj/jam)
distilat
bottom
132.66830259 0.172695
12.027233607 2.24E-018
52270.751358 2.00E-008
5417.4157195 553387.6
2216357
153433
57832.862613 2923177
2981010.31673063
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
0.001139 3.12E-005
3.38161 0.066978
0.044466 0.002468
Tref =
25 C
298.15 K
Cp dT H
541521.2 0.084599
245437.3 0.007669
497648.6 33.33176
1399566 3.454551
36.87858
Tipe
dasar pemilihan
tangki silinder tegak dengan dasar datar dan atasnya berbentuk kerucut
Umumnya digunakan untuk liquid pada tekanan atmospherik
Perhitungan :
MENGHITUNG DENSITAS CAMPURAN:
komponen
CH3OH
H2O
%mol
kmol/jam
massa (Kg/jam)
(Kg/m3) Volume (m3/jam)
0.999 122.508191 3925.4074457205
783.9 5.007536
0.001 0.12263082
2.2091942493
995 0.00222
3927.6166399698
5.009756
Densitas campuran =
783.993558 Kg/m3
48.9447178 lb/ft3
direncanakan penyimpanan untuk 10 hari dengan 3 buah tangki (memudahkan proses pengisian dan
sehingga volume masing-masing:
penyimpanan =
jumlah tangki =
kebutuhan metanol =
10 hari
6 buah
3927.61664 Kg/jam
942627.994 Kg
2078118 lb
selama 1 hari
selama 10 hari
volume metanol pada tangki:

volume tangki =
42458.4667 ft3
volume metanol dalam 1 tangki =
7076.4111229566 ft3
asumsi bahan isi
80% volume tangki (faktor keamanan)
sehingga volume tangki =
8491.6933475479 ft3
8491.6933475479 ft3
MENENTUKAN DIMENSI TANGKI
rasio H/D =
3/8
volume
1
. .D 2 .H
4
H=
11.498883 ft
3.5048595 m
D=
30.663688 ft
9.346292 m
D = Diameter
H = Tinggi Tangki
=
Brownel,1977:41-43
3.141593
digunakan diameter
35 ft
dan
tinggi
16 ft ,maka Vol =
MENENTUKAN JUMLAH PLATE DAN TEBAL SHELL
P.d
C
2. f .E
(Brownell and Young, pers 3.16,1977 : 45)
t
P
d
C
E
f
( H 1)
144
= tebal shell ; in
= tekanan internal ; psi
= inside diameter ; in
= faktor korosi ; in (1/8 in)
= faktor pengelasan, digunakan double welded , E =
= stress allowable, bahan konstruksi Carbon Steel SA-283
Grade C, maka f=
12650 psi
P = tekanan internal ; Psi

densitas air pada suhu 30 Celcius =
H = tinggi course; ft
direncanakan akan menggunakan shell plate dengan 96 in (8 ft) butt-weldes courses .

Courses 1
H=
16 ft
t1 =
0.2514558 in
dipilih tebal shell standar =
0.28 in
Brownell; hal 348
menghitung panjang plate
direncanakan menggunakan 10 plate untuk tiap course, allowance untuk vertical welded joint
(jarak sambung antar plate) = 5/32 in dan lebar = 8 ft
L = panjang tiap plate ; ft
.d weld .length
L
d = diameter dalam tangki + tebal shell;in
12n
n = jumlah plate
weld length = n x allowable welded joint
L1 =
10.989884 in
jadi =
panjang plate =
lebar plate =
tebal plate =
Courses 2
H = 16 ft - 8 ft
t2 =
0.1924431
10.9898838385 in
8 ft
0.28
0.19 in

.d weld .length
L
12n
n = jumlah plate
L1 =
10.987528 in
jadi =
panjang plate =
lebar plate =
tebal plate =
10.987527644 in
8 ft
0.19
MENENTUKAN TOP ANGLE UNTUK CONICAL ROOF

Top angle untuk tangki conical dengan diameter antara 35 ft hingga 60 ft adalah 2 1/2 x 21/2 x 5/16
bila digunakan 10 plate tiap angle, maka panjang tiap angle :
L=
10.990735 ft
UMENENTUKAN TEBAL DAN TINGGI HEAD TANGKI
th
P.D
2. cos ( f .E 0.6 P )
tekanan penyimpanan = 1 atm =

dan diambil faktor keamanan
P=
16.17 Psi
th =
0.365001 in
(Brownell and Young, Pers.6.154, 1977 : 118)
cos 30 =
14.7 psi
10% maka:
0.866
Sudut adalah sudut cone roof terhadap garis horizontal.
sin
D
430 .th

D=
th =
sin =
=
diameter tangki standar; ft

cone shell thickness; in
0.2230004
12.885 derajat
Menghitung tinggi head (h)
sin
h=
h
0,5.D
3.9025064 ft
1.1894839521 m
MENENTUKAN DIAMETER PIPA PENGISIAN DAN PENGELUARAN
diameter.optimum 3,9 xq f
qf =
=
Di =
0.45
x 0,13
(Peters, 4thed, pers.11-45,1991 : 365)
fluid flow rate ; ft3 /s

fluid density ; lb/ft3
diameter optimum ; inch
direncanakan waktu pengisian selama 8 jam.

Qf =
1.4742523 ft3/s
Di =
7.7016483 in
digunakan pipa standar :

D nominal
=
Schedule no
=
OD
=
ID
=
Flow area /pipe
=
8 in
40
8.625 in
7.981 in
50 in2
(Brownell and Young, Appendix K, 1977 : 388)
atasnya berbentuk kerucut

an atmospherik
olume (m3/jam)
KONVERSI
1 Kg/m3 =
1 Kg
1 hari
1 ft
udahkan proses pengisian dan pengosongan)
rownel,1977:41-43
0.06243 lbm/ft3
2.2046 lb
24 jam
12 inch
0.3048 m
,maka Vol =
2740 bbl
uble welded , E =
85%
si Carbon Steel SA-283
995.65 Kg/m3
62.15843 lb/ft3
eldes courses .
rownell; hal 348
k vertical welded joint
p plate ; ft
lam tangki + tebal shell;in
15393.8 ft3
435.9033 m3
p plate ; ft
ft adalah 2 1/2 x 21/2 x 5/16
ngki standar; ft
hickness; in
pers.11-45,1991 : 365)
Tipe
dasar pemilihan
Perhitungan :
komponen
HCl
H2O
%mol
kmol/jam
massa (Kg/jam)
(Kg/m3) Volume (m3/jam)
31% 140.884419 5136.7868113781
1193 4.305773
69% 313.581449 5649.1698103244
995 5.677558
10785.9566217025
9.98333
Densitas campuran =
1080.39665 Kg/m3
67.449163 lb/ft3
direncanakan penyimpanan untuk 7 hari dengan 5 buah tangki (memudahkan proses pengisian dan p
penyimpanan =
jumlah tangki =
kebutuhan HCl =
7 hari
7 buah
10785.9566 Kg/jam
1812040.71 Kg
3994825 lb
selama 1 hari
selama 7 hari

volume tangki =
59227.1983 ft3
volume HCl dalam 1 tangkki =
8461.0283283892 ft3
asumsi bahan isi
10153.233994067 ft3
10153.233994067 ft3
rasio H/D =
3/8
volume
1
. .D 2 .H
4
H=
12.20466 ft
3.7199803 m
D=
32.54576 ft
9.9199476 m
D = Diameter
H = Tinggi Tangki
=
Brownel,1977:41-43
3.141593
digunakan diameter
35 ft
dan
tinggi
16 ft ,maka Vol =
P.d
C
2. f .E
t
P
d
C
E
f
( H 1)
144
= tebal shell ; in
= stress allowable, bahan konstruksi Low alloy Steel SA-225
Grade B, maka f=
18750 psi


Courses 1
H=
16 ft
t1 =
0.2103155 in
0.28 in
Brownell; hal 348
.d weld .length
L
12n
n = jumlah plate
L1 =
10.989884 in
jadi =
panjang plate =
lebar plate =
tebal plate =
Courses 2
H = 16 ft - 8 ft
t2 =
0.1648139
10.9898838385 in
8 ft
0.28
0.19 in

.d weld .length
L
12n
n = jumlah plate
L1 =
10.987528 in
jadi =
panjang plate =
lebar plate =
tebal plate =
10.987527644 in
8 ft
0.19

L=
10.990735 ft
th
P.D
2. cos ( f .E 0.6 P )

P=
16.17 Psi
th =
0.2461817 in
cos 30 =
14.7 psi
10% maka:
0.866
sin
D
430 .th

D=
th =
sin =
=

0.3306313
19.268 derajat
sin
h=
h
0,5.D
5.786047 ft
1.7635871133 m
qf =
=
Di =
0.45
x 0,13
(Peters, 4thed, pers.11-45,1991 : 365)


Qf =
2.0564999 ft3/s
Di =
9.3269463 in

D nominal
=
Schedule no
=
OD
=
ID
=
Flow area /pipe
=
8 in
40
8.625 in
7.981 in
50 in2
atasnya berbentuk kerucut

an atmospherik
olume (m3/jam)
KONVERSI
1 Kg/m3 =
1 Kg
1 hari
1 ft
dahkan proses pengisian dan pengosongan)
rownel,1977:41-43
0.06243 lbm/ft3
2.2046 lb
24 jam
12 inch
0.3048 m
,maka Vol =
3580 bbl
uble welded , E =
85%
si Low alloy Steel SA-225
995.65 Kg/m3
62.15843 lb/ft3
eldes courses .
rownell; hal 348
p plate ; ft
15393.8 ft3
435.9033 m3
p plate ; ft
ft adalah 2 1/2 x 21/2 x 5/16
ngki standar; ft
hickness; in
pers.11-45,1991 : 365)
pompa 1
Fungsi
Mengalirkan metanol dari tangki metanol
Tujuan Perancangan :
1. Menentukan tipe pompa
2. menentukan dimensi pipa
a. Menghitung kapasitas (debit) pemompaan
b. Menghitung diameter optimal pipa
c. Menentukan pemilihan jenis pipa
3. Menghitung kehilangan energi akibat gesekan
a. Menghitung kecepatan linier fluid
b. Menghitung bilangan Reynold
c. menghitung panjang ekuivalen pipa
d. Menghitung frisi dalam pemipaan
4. Menghitung tenaga pompa
a. Menghitung presure head
b. Menghitung potensial head
c. Menghitung velocity head
d. Menghitung power pompa
Langkah Perancangan :
Dalam perancangan ini dipilih pompa centrifugal dengan pertimbangan :
a. konstruksi sederhana
b. Kecepatan putaran stabil
c. Fluida dialirkan pada tekanan yang uniform
d. Tidak memelukan areal yang luas
e. Biaya perawatannya paling murah dibandingkan tipe pompa lain.
1. Menentukan kapasitas pemompaan (Perancangan pompa centrifugal)
Dari data neraca massa
Komponen
CH3OH
H2O
x
(kg/m3)
.X
M (kg/jam)
0.999437523
783.9 783.4590742349 3925.407446
0.000562477
995
0.5596646719 2.209194249
Jumlah
784.0187389068 3927.61664
Laju alir feed (Q) =

8658.8236 lb/jam
r
=
48.98179709 lb/cuft
Kapasitas pemompaan
Qf
Qf
176.7763569 cuft/jam
0.0491045436 cuft/dtk
volumetric fluida dengan faktor keamanan 10%

pemompaan (Qf)
=
194.45399 cuft/jam
10%
0.054014998
24.24361311
2. Menentukan diameter pompa

Dari persamaan 45, Peters hal. 365, Diameter Optimal pipa adalah :
Di ,opt 3,9 Q f
Di Opt =
0 , 45
0 ,13
1.739404478 inch
4
dengan diameter dalam mendekati hasil perhitungan adalah :
a. Digunakan pipa nominal
2 in
b. Diameter luar, OD
2.38 in
c. Schedule No.
80
d. Diameter dalam, ID
1.939 in
e. Inside sectional area
2.95 in2
3. Menentukan bilangan Reynold

Menentukan kecepatan linear fluida (v)
v
metanol =
air =
Qf
A
0.52 Kg/m.s
0.00035 lb/ft.s
0.85 Kg/m.s
2.636833064
0.000571175 lb/ft.s
0.000349549 lb/ft.s
camp =
N Re
N
Re
Kern, fig 14, 1965 : 823
Dv
NRe
= 59465.49349
< 2100 berarti aliran yang masuk menuju tangki produk adalah aliran Turbulen
(Peters,1980, hal 496)
Untuk komersial steel :

NRe
=
59465.49349
D in
=
1.939 in
0.0490661585 m
(Geankoplis Fig.2.10-3 p.88)
e
=
0.000046 m
e/D
=
0.000938
Untuk (e/D vs NRe), maka :
fanning friction factor (f )
0.03 (Geankoplis Fig.2.10-3 p.88)

a.Menentukan pressure head
Data :
g=
Konstanta kecepatan gravitasi ft/s2
gc =
Faktor konversi, lb ft/lbfs2
32.2
32.174
P1 =P cairan dlm tangki
1 atm
2116.1
P2 = P masuk vaporizer
1.1 atm
2327.71
211.61
4.320176322 ft.lbf/lbm
b. Menentukan potensial head
potensialH ead Z
direncanakan :
Z1
=
Z2
DZ
Potensial Head
g
gc
1m
3.28 ft
3m
2m
9.84 ft
6.56 ft
6.5653012 ft.lbf/lbm
c. Menentukan Velocity head
VelocityHe ad
V 2
2 gc
V 2
VelocityHe ad
2 gc
Karena kecepatan linear cairan titik 1 dan titik 2 relatif sama, maka :
V1 = V2
Velocity Head
=
0 ft.lbf/lbm
d. Friction Head (SF)

NRe
=
59,465.49
D
1.939 in
e
=
0.000046 m
e/D
=
0.000938
fanning friction factor (f ) =
in
0.0490661585 m
Menentukan Panjang ekuivalen :

Komponen
L/D
Pipa lurus
Elbow 90o
Gate valve, fully open
Check valve, fully open
Sharp edge entrance
k = 0,5
Sharp edge exit (k=1,0)
pipa lurus vertikal
Total Panjang ekivalen (Le)
Jumlah
Panjang (Le) (ft)

1
125
35
13
135
28
2
1
1
1
11.26559
2.092181
21.726495
4.506236
58
1
1
9.334346
8.5
182.424848
Kehilangan energi karena friksi
f 4f
f
L
v2
D
2g c
14.69736758
(Geankoplis Eqs.2.10-6 p.89)

ft.lbf/lbm
e. Menentukan Power Head (-Wf)
Wf pressurehe ad potensialh ead velocityhead f

(-Wf) =
25.58284508 ft.lbf/lbm
Kapasitas (Qf)
=
0.054015 cuft/dtk
24.24361311
viskositas kinematik =
7.14E-006 ft2/s
= 0.662984592
Dari Fig.14-36 peters p.520, untuk kapasitas 24.259 gallon/mnt diperoleh effisiensi ()
pompa=
20%
Bhp
( Wf ) Q f
550
Bhp
=
Broke Horsepower =
0.6153259552 HP
Dari fig 14-38 Peters p.521, untuk Bhp = 1.3 diperoleh
effisiensi motor =
81%
Powermotor
Power motor
Bhp
mot or
0.7596617
Dipakai power motor =
Resume :
Kode
Fungsi
Tipe
Jumlah
Kapasitas
Tenaga Pompa
Bahan Kontruksi
Pipa
:
:
:
:
P-01
Mengalirkan metanol dari tangki metanol
centrifugal
1
24.243613 gallon/menit
0.615326 HP
Commercial Steel
D nominal=
OD
ID
Sch
=
=
=
2 in
2.38 in
1.939 in
80
an pertimbangan :
(peters, p.521)
n pompa centrifugal)
1 kg =
2.2046 lb
1 gr =
0.001 kg
1m =
35.31467 in2
1 cm3 =
1 jam =
1 cuft =
0.000001 m3
3600 dtk
7.480519 gallon
Bahan baku :
Metanol
Kemurnian
H 2O
99.90%
0.10%
100%
cuft/dtk
gallon/mnt
0.19754
0.160937 ft
0.0204848 ft2
ft/dtk
duk adalah aliran Turbulen

ft/s2
lb ft/lbfs2
lbf/ft2
lbf/ft2
0.160937 ft
Panjang (Le) (ft)
velocityhead f
gallon/mnt
Cs
n/mnt diperoleh effisiensi ()
HP
1 menit =
1 in =
2
1m=
1 atm =
1 in =
1 Kg/m.s =
60 second
0.006944 ft2
3.28 ft
2116.1 lbf/ft2
0.083 ft
0.67197 lbf/ft.s
pompa 2
Fungsi
Mengalirkan HCl dari tangki HCl
Komponen
HCl
H2O
x
0.476247679
0.523752321
Jumlah
.X
M (kg/jam)
1193 568.1634815445 5136.786811
995 521.1335589801 5649.16981
1089.2970405246 10785.95662

23778.72 lb/jam
r
=
68.05414713 lb/cuft
Kapasitas pemompaan
Qf
Qf
349.4088306 cuft/jam
0.0970580085 cuft/dtk

pemompaan (Qf)
=
384.34971 cuft/jam
10%
0.106763809
47.91892227

Di ,opt 3,9 Q f
Di Opt =
0 , 45
0 ,13
2.466757924 inch
Dari tabel 13 hal 888, Peters spesifikasi pipa standart

2 1/2 in
2.88 in
c. Schedule No.
80
2.323 in
4.23 in2

v
HCl =
air =
Qf
A
1.5 Kg/m.s
0.00101 lb/ft.s
0.85 Kg/m.s
3.634745283
0.000571175 lb/ft.s
0.00077919 lb/ft.s
camp =
N Re
N
Re
Kern, fig 14, 1965 : 823
Dv
NRe
= 61208.59321

NRe
=
61208.59321
D in
=
2.323 in
0.0587832317 m
e
=
0.000046 m
e/D
=
0.000783

Data :
g=
gc =
Faktor konversi, lb ft/lbfs2
32.2
32.174
1 atm
2116.1
1.1 atm
2327.71
211.61
3.109435779 ft.lbf/lbm
potensialH ead Z
direncanakan :
Z1
=
Z2
DZ
Potensial Head
g
gc
1m
3.28 ft
3m
2m
9.84 ft
6.56 ft
VelocityHe ad
V 2
2 gc
V 2
VelocityHe ad
2 gc
V1 = V2
Velocity Head
=
0 ft.lbf/lbm

NRe
=
61208.59321
D
2.323 in
e
=
0.000046 m
e/D
=
0.000783
in
0.0587832317 m

Komponen
L/D
Pipa lurus
Elbow 90o
Sharp edge entrance
k = 0,5
pipa lurus vertikal
Jumlah
Panjang (Le) (ft)

1
125
35
13
135
28
2
1
1
1
13.49663
2.506517
26.029215
5.398652
58
1
1
11.182922
8.5
192.113936
f 4f
f
L
v2
D
2g c
32.73139087

ft.lbf/lbm

(-Wf) =
42.40612783 ft.lbf/lbm
Kapasitas (Qf)
=
0.1067638 cuft/dtk
47.91892227
1.14E-005 ft2/s
= 1.063699147
pompa=
37%
Bhp
( Wf ) Q f
550
Bhp
=
Broke Horsepower =
1.514059217 HP
effisiensi motor =
83%
Powermotor
Power motor
Bhp
mot or
1.8241677
Resume :
Kode
Fungsi
Tipe
Jumlah
Kapasitas
Tenaga Pompa
Bahan Kontruksi
Pipa
:
:
:
:
P-02
Mengalirkan HCl dari tangki HCl
centrifugal
1
1.5140592 HP
Commercial Steel
D nominal=
2 1/2 in
OD
=
2.88 in
ID
=
2.323 in
Sch
=
80
an pertimbangan :
(peters, p.521)
1 kg =
2.2046 lb
1 gr =
0.001 kg
1m =
35.31467 in2
1 cm3 =
1 jam =
1 cuft =
0.000001 m3
3600 dtk
7.480519 gallon
Bahan baku :
HCl
Kemurnian
H 2O
31.00%
69.00%
100%
cuft/dtk
gallon/mnt
0.23904 ft
0.192809 ft
0.0293731 ft2
ft/dtk

ft/s2
lb ft/lbfs2
lbf/ft2
lbf/ft2
0.192809 ft
Panjang (Le) (ft)
velocityhead f
gallon/mnt
Cs
/mnt diperoleh effisiensi ()
HP
1 menit =
1 in =
2
1m=
1 atm =
1 in =
1 Kg/m.s =
60 second
0.006944 ft2
3.28 ft
2116.1 lbf/ft2
0.083 ft
0.67197 lbf/ft.s
Vaporizer (V-01)
Fungsi :
Menguapkan metanol dari cair menjadi uap
Tipe
Double pipe Exchanger
Tujuan :
1. Menghitung Clean Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

(Uc)
2. Menentukan koefisien perpindahan panas (UD)
3. Menghitung Dirt Factor (Rd)
4. Menghitung Pressure Drop (DP)
Kondisi Operasi :
Fluida Panas
Thot in
Thot out
Fluida Dingin
Tcold out
Tcold in
T (oC)
T (K)
T (oF)
300
300
573
573
572
572
250
30
523
303
482
86
Dari neraca massa dan panas diperoleh data -data :

Beban panas vaporizer Qr =
1667626.386 Kj/jam
1580604.805 Btu/jam
Umpan masuk Vaporizer =
3927.62 kg/jam
8658.823644 lb/jam
Kebutuhan steam Wt =
550.63 kg/jam
1213.910431 lb/jam
1. Menghitung perbedaan temperatur logaritmik (TLMTD) :

t1
90 oF
t2
486 oF
TLMTD
t 2 t1
t 2
ln
t1
(Pers. 5.14, Kern, hal.89)

TLMTD =
234.8198801 oF
Menentukan Tempratur kalorik

Tc
=
572 oF
tc
284 oF
(pers. 5.28, Kern, hal. 95-96)
2. Menentukan Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Overall (UD)

Dari tabel 8. Kern, hal 840 untuk sistem metanol diperoleh harga :
UD
=
50-100
Btu/jam.ft2.F
Dipilih UD =
75
Btu/jam.ft2.F
2.A. Menghitung Luas Area Perpindahan panas

A
Q
U D TLMTD
89.7484946 ft2
A < 200 ft2 maka dipakai double pipe exchanger.

Dari tabel 11, Kern, hal. 844 untuk 1 IPS diperoleh :
surface per lin ft :
outside (ao) =
0.435 ft2/ft
inside (ai) =
panjang pipa(L) =
0.362 ft2/ft
20 ft
Dari Tabel 9 dan 10 Kern hal 842-844, diambil spesifikasi shell dan tube
sebagai berikut
OD
=
3/4
BWG
=
10
ID Tube
=
0.482 in
=
0.040006
panjang tube
=
8 in
=
0.664
Susunan tube
=
trianguler pitch
Flow area per tube
Surface area
Tube Pitch, (PT)
Jumlah Tube (Nt)

=
Dari Tabel 9 Kern diperoleh :
0.182 in2
outside
0.1963 ft2
inside
0.1263 ft
0.9375 atau 15/16 in

688.5552495 buah
Nt
ID Shell
Jumlah Pass (n)
=
=
=
688
33
4
[Kern, tabel 9 hal 842]
Menentukan luas permukaan transfer panas (UD terkoreksi)

At
At
UD
Nt x ao x L
89.6761216 ft2
75.06052865 Btu/jam.ft2.F
Untuk pemilihan jarak buffle (buffle spacing) 0.2 - 1 kali ID Shell
[Wallas, Chemical Engineering Equipment, hal 199]
Dipilih baffle spacing (B)=
0.9 kali ID shell
B
=
29.7 in
PREHEATING ZONE
A. Cold fluid : shell side,
C' = PT - OD
C' =
0.9375 in
as
ID.C '.B
144.PT
as
GS
W
as
6.80625 ft2
Gs
1272.1871287 lb/jam.ft2
b. Menentukan bilangan reynold shell
Res
De .G S
NRes = De x Gs/m
De =
De =
0.55 in
0.04565 ft
Pada T = 300C metanol =

=
0.52 cp
1.2584 lb/ftjam
Dari Kern, hal 839, fig.28
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Res
jH
= 46.15014496
=
16 [Fig.28 Kern, hal 839]
c. Menghitung k (c /k )1/3
Menghitung k (c /k )1/3 =
0.105
d. Menghitung ho
ho = jH x k/Dex(cxm/k)1/3
ho = 36.80175246 Btu/jam ft2 0F
B. Hot fluid : tube side, water
at' :
Jumlas pass tube (n) =
0.182 in2
4
Nt.at '
at
n
Gt
at
W
at
Gt
a. Menentukan bilangan Reynold

NRes = De x Gt/
Dt =
Dt =
Ret
b. Menentukan hio
steam
v = Gt / 3600
v=
[tabel 10, Kern, hal 843]

0.217374976 ft
= 39833.580681 lb/jam.ft
0.482 in
0.040006 ft
Pada T = 300C steam =
R et
0.001263808
0.85 cp
2.057 lb/ftjam
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Dt .G t
774.7118273
62.5 lb/ft3
0.177038136 ft/s
(T = 86 F)
hi =
hio = hi.(ID /OD)
1000 Btu/.jft2.oF
hio :
[Fig.25 hal 836, Kern]
876.3636364 Btu/j.ft2.oF
c. Menentukan Up (clean overall coefficient for preheating)
Up
Up
hio .ho
hio ho
35.31859399 Btu/j.ft2.oF
d. Menentukan Ap (clean surface coefficient for preheating)
A
p
Ap
Q
p
U
p
245.1633167 .ft2
VAPORIZATION ZONE
perhitungan fluida dingin di shell
a. Menentukan bilangan reynold shell
Res
De .G S
NRes = De x Gs/m
De =
De =
Pada T =250 0C metanol =
Res
jH
=
=
0.72 in
0.05976 ft
0.017 cp
0.04114 lb/ftjam
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
1847.980136
150 [Fig.28 Kern, hal 839]
0.07
d. Menghitung ho
ho = 175.7028112 Btu/jam ft2 0F
e.perhitungan fluida panas di Tube
untuk condensing steam :
hio =
1500 Btu/jam.ft2.F
f. Menentukan Uv (Clean overall coeffisient for vaporization)
Uv
Uv
hioxho
hio ho
157.2798083 Btu/jam.ft2.F
g. Menentukan Av (Clean surface for vaporization)
A
v
Av
Q
v
U
v
10049.63589 ft2
h. Menentukan total clean surface (Ac)

Ac = Ap + Av
Ac =
10294.7992 ft2
i. Menentukan clean overall coeficient (Uc)
Uc
Uc
UA
AC
153.5343016 Btu/jam.ft2.F
j. Menghitung dirt factor
RD
Uc U D
U C .U D
RD
Uc U D
U C .U D
RD =
0.006809379
RD > 0.003, berarti memenuhi syarat

774.7118273
k. Menentukan Pressure Drop ditube

dari fig.29 hal 840, Kern pada Ret=
774.71182728
f
=
0.0015 ft2/in2
Spesific volum =
0.3647
Kern, tabel 7 hal 817
S
=
0.043871675
1
f.Gt 2 .L.n
Pt .
2 (5,22.1010 ).D.s. t
Pt =
0.008624783 Psi
PREHEATING
menentukan P dishell (Ps)
Bilangan reynold (Res) =
dari fig 29 kern, didapat:
f
S
46.15014496
=
=
0.0005 ft2/in2
0.79
Jumlah crosses dan baffle
Lp
Lp
N
LxAp
Ac
=
=
jumlah crosses
N + 1 = N x Lp/B
jumlah baffle
N
=
Ds
=
0.476285767 ft
12
5.715429204
4.715429204
2.75 ft
menentukan Ps
f.Gs 2 .Ds.(N 1)
Ps
(5,22.1010 )De.s. s
Ps =
2.94825E-005 Psi
VAPORIZING
f
=
S
=
1847.980136
0.0016 ft2/in2
0.79

Lv
=
9.523714233 ft
jumlah crosses
N + 1 = N x Lv/B
3.847965347
jumlah baffle
N
=
Ds
=
2.847965347
0.00498 ft
menentukan Ps
f.Gs 2 .Ds.(N 1)
Ps
(5,22.1010 )De.s. s
Ps =
2.41633E-007 Psi
Menentukan Ps total
Ps total =
2.97241E-005 Psi
1 kg =
1 gr =
1 m3 =
Heat Transfer Coefficient
1 cm3 =
ndahan panas (UD)
1 jam =
1 cuft =
Pers. 5.14, Kern, hal.89)
pers. 5.28, Kern, hal. 95-96)
ft
ft
28.2690092 in2
is small, 100 to 200 ft2 or less.
Kern, tabel 9 hal 842]
21.2031188 lb/mnt.ft2
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
ft2
tabel 10, Kern, hal 843]
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Fig.25 hal 836, Kern]
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
2.2046 lb
1 menit =
60 second
0.001 kg
1 in =
0.006944 ft
35.31467 in2
1m=
3.28 ft
0.000001 m3
1 atm =
3600 dtk
7.480519 gallon
1 in =
1 kkal =
1 KJ =
2116.1 lbf/ft2
0.083 ft
3.968321 Btu
0.9478171 Btu
1 cp =
kern, p.103
2.42 lb/ft.jam
Vaporizer (V-02)
Fungsi :
Menguapkan HCl dari cair menjadi uap
Tipe
Double pipe Exchanger
Tujuan :
1. Menghitung Clean Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

(Uc)
2. Menentukan koefisien perpindahan panas (UD)
3. Menghitung Dirt Factor (Rd)
4. Menghitung Pressure Drop (DP)
Kondisi Operasi :
Fluida Panas
Thot in
Thot out
Fluida Dingin
Tcold out
Tcold in
T (oC)
T (K)
T (oF)
300
300
573
573
572
572
250
30
523
303
482
86
Dari neraca massa dan panas diperoleh data -data :

Beban panas vaporizer Qr =
6468516.383 Kj/jam
6130970.44 Btu/jam
Umpan masuk Vaporizer =
10785.96 kg/jam
23778.71997 lb/jam
Kebutuhan steam Wt =
2,135.81 kg/jam
4708.60834 lb/jam
1. Menghitung perbedaan temperatur logaritmik (TLMTD) :

t1
90 oF
t2
486 oF
TLMTD
TLMTD =
t 2 t1
t 2
ln
t1
234.8198801 oF
satuan dalam deg F

(Pers. 5.14, Kern, hal.89)
Menentukan Tempratur kalorik

Tc
=
572 oF
tc
284 oF
(pers. 5.28, Kern, hal. 95-96)
2. Menentukan Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Overall (UD)

Dari tabel 8. Kern, hal 840 untuk sistem HCl diperoleh harga :
UD
=
100-200 Btu/jam.ft2.F
Dipilih UD =
200
Btu/jam.ft2.F
2.A. Menghitung Luas Area Perpindahan panas

A
Q
U D TLMTD
130.5462391 ft2
A < 200 ft2 maka dipakai double pipe exchanger.

Dari tabel 11, Kern, hal. 844 untuk 1 IPS diperoleh :
surface per lin ft :
outside (ao) =
0.435 ft2/ft
inside (ai) =
panjang pipa(L) =
0.362 ft2/ft
20 ft
Dari Tabel 9 dan 10 Kern hal 842-844, diambil spesifikasi shell dan tube
sebagai berikut
OD =
3/4
BWG =
10
ID Tube =
0.482 in
=
0.040006
panjang tube =
8 in
=
0.664
Susunan tube =
trianguler pitch
Flow area per tube =
0.182 in2
Surface area =
Tube Pitch, (PT)
Jumlah Tube (Nt)

=
Dari Tabel 9 Kern diperoleh :
outside
0.1963 ft2
inside
0.1263 ft2
0.9375 atau 15/16 in

1001.557727 buah
Nt
ID Shell
Jumlah Pass (n)
=
=
=
1024
39
2
[Kern, tabel 9 hal 842]
Menentukan luas permukaan transfer panas (UD terkoreksi)

At
At
UD
Nt x ao x L
133.4714368 ft2
195.6167435 Btu/jam.ft2.F
Untuk pemilihan jarak buffle (buffle spacing) 0.2 - 1 kali ID Shell
[Wallas, Chemical Engineering Equipment, hal 199]
Dipilih baffle spacing (B) =
0.9 kali ID shell
B=
35.1 in
PREHEATING ZONE
A. Cold fluid : shell side,
C'
= PT - OD
C' =
as
0.9375 in
ID.C '.B
144.PT
as
GS
9.50625 ft2
W
as
Gs
2501.377511 lb/jam.ft2
41.6896251908
b. Menentukan bilangan reynold shell
Res
De .G S
NRes = De x Gs/m
De =
De =
Pada T = 300C HCl =
0.55 in
0.04565 ft
1.5 cp
3.63 lb/ftjam
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Res
jH
=
=
31.45671719
0.16
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
d. Menghitung ho
ho =
38.55421687 Btu/jam ft2 0F
B. Hot fluid : tube side, water

at' :
Jumlas pass tube (n) =
Nt.at '
at
n
Gt
at
W
at
Gt
a. Menentukan bilangan Reynold

NRes = De x Gt/
Dt =
Dt =
Pada T = 300C steam =
R et
Ret
0.182 in2
2
=
0.001263808
[tabel 10, Kern, hal 843]

0.647069696 ft
= 36748.313381 lb/jam.ft
0.482 in
0.040006 ft
0.85 cp
2.057 lb/ftjam
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Dt .G t
b. Menentukan hio
steam
v = Gt / 3600
v=
714.707353
62.5 lb/ft3
0.163325837 ft/s
T = 86 F
hi =
hio = hi.(ID /OD)
1000 Btu/.jft2.oF
hio :
[Fig.25 hal 836, Kern]
876.3636364 Btu/j.ft2.oF
c. Menentukan Up (clean overall coefficient for preheating)
Up
Up
hio .ho
hio ho
36.92955993 Btu/j.ft2.oF
d. Menentukan Ap (clean surface coefficient for preheating)
A
p
Ap
Q
p
U
p
643.8939433 .ft2
VAPORIZATION ZONE
perhitungan fluida dingin di shell
a. Menentukan bilangan reynold shell
Res
De .G S
NRes = De x Gs/m
De =
De =
Pada T =250 0C HCl =
Res
jH
=
=
0.72 in
0.05976 ft
0.024 cp
0.05808 lb/ftjam
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
2573.731406
0.07
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
d. Menghitung ho
ho =
35.14056225 Btu/jam ft2 0F
e.perhitungan fluida panas di Tube

untuk condensing steam :
hio =
1500 Btu/jam.ft2.F
f. Menentukan Uv (Clean overall coeffisient for vaporization)
Uv
Uv
hioxho
hio ho
34.33616743 Btu/jam.ft2.F
g. Menentukan Av (Clean surface for vaporization)
A
v
Av
Q
v
U
v
178557.2153 ft2
h. Menentukan total clean surface (Ac)

Ac = Ap + Av
Ac =
179201.1092 ft2
i. Menentukan clean overall coeficient (Uc)
Uc
Uc
UA
AC
34.21279291 Btu/jam.ft2.F
j. Menghitung dirt factor
RD
Uc U D
U C .U D
RD =
0.0241167958
RD > 0.003, berarti memenuhi syarat
714.707353
k. Menentukan Pressure Drop ditube

dari fig.29 hal 840, Kern pada Ret=
714.70735301
f
=
0.0035 ft2/in2
Spesific volum =
0.3647
S
=
0.043871675
1
f.Gt 2 .L.n
Pt .
2 (5,22.1010 ).D.s. t
Pt =
0.017127781 Psi
PREHEATING
f
=
S
=
31.45671719
0.0038 ft2/in2
0.79
Lp
Lp
N
LxAp
Ac
=
=
jumlah crosses
N + 1 = N x Lp/B
0.071862718 ft
16
jumlah baffle
N
=
Ds
=
menentukan Ps
f.Gs 2 .Ds.(N 1)
Ps
(5,22.1010 )De.s. s
1.149803496
0.149803496
2.4375 ft
Ps
f.Gs 2 .Ds.(N 1)
(5,22.1010 )De.s. s
Ps =
0.000232352 Psi
VAPORIZING
f
=
S
=
2573.731406
0.0017 ft2/in2
0.79

Lv
=
9.928137282 ft
jumlah crosses
N + 1 = N x Lv/B
4.525646624
jumlah baffle
N
=
Ds
=
3.525646624
0.003735 ft
menentukan Ps
f.Gs 2 .Ds.(N 1)
Ps
(5,22.1010 )De.s. s
Ps =
Menentukan Ps total
Ps total =
1.16732E-006 Psi
0.00023352
1 kg =
1 gr =
1 m3 =
Heat Transfer Coefficient
1 cm3 =
ndahan panas (UD)
1 jam =
1 cuft =
atuan dalam deg F

Pers. 5.14, Kern, hal.89)
pers. 5.28, Kern, hal. 95-96)
ft
ft
28.2690092 in2
Kern, tabel 9 hal 842]
lb/mnt.ft2
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
ft2
tabel 10, Kern, hal 843]
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Fig.25 hal 836, Kern]
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
2.2046 lb
1 menit =
60 second
0.001 kg
1 in =
0.006944 ft
35.31467 in2
1m=
3.28 ft
0.000001 m3
1 atm =
3600 dtk
7.480519 gallon
1 in =
1 kkal =
1 KJ =
2116.1 lbf/ft2
0.083 ft
3.968321 Btu
0.9478171 Btu
1 cp =
kern, p.103
2.42 lb/ft.jam
heater
Fungsi :
Jenis :
Menaikan Temperatur campuran metanol dan HCl

1-2 Shell and Tube Exchanger
Kondisi Fluida Panas ( Steam ) pada tube

Temperatur Awal (T1) =
Temperatur Akhir (T2) =
Laju alir steam masuk =
360 oC =
680 oF
360 oC =
267972.15531574 kg/jam
680 oF
Kondisi Fluida Dingin ( metanol dan HCl ) pada shell

Temperatur awal (t1) =
250 oC =
Temperatur akhir (t2) =
300 oC =
Laju alir bahan masuk =
Panas yang dibutuhkan =
14713.573261672 kg/jam
1929335.5606537 KJ/jam
482 oF
572 oF
8072339.98578 kJ/jam
148.481577016 oF
Plot harga R dan S pada grafik Fig.18 Kern (1965)

maka Fc =
0.8
t = Fc x LMTD =
118.7852616128 oF
680 oF
527
Dari Tabel 8, hal 840 diperoleh range nilai Ud dari 50-100, diambil nilai minimum
Ud =
100 Btu/jam ft2 oF
Menentukan Spesifikasi
L ( panjang pipa ) =
Dari tabel Kern 10, data tube :
OD =
0.75 in
ID =
0.584 in
BWG =
14
Tebal =
0.083 in
A inside =
0.1529 ft /ft
A outside =
A tube =
0.1963 ft2 /ft

0.268 in
At
12 ft =
0.0625 ft
0.04866667 ft
0.00691667 ft
144 in
Dari Tabel 9 di dapatkan data :
OD =
pitch =
ID Shell =
jml tube =
pass =
0.02233333 ft
Q
153.9469464705 ft2
U d .LMTD
KOREKSI NILAI UD =
Nt
At
L.A0
Ud
At
LMTD. Aoutside.N t .L
Q
U d .LMTD
99.0206101 BTU/jam.ft2.F
155.4696 ft2
TUBE / Fluida panas ( metanol + Hcl)

Data
bahan =
16.535125262 cp =
k=
40.0001215 lbm/ft.jam
59.52570372
0.0141 Btu/hr.ft.F
at
N t .atube
144.n
0.0614166667 ft2
Gt
at
239569.7139
Re IDxGt / 132.4889089665
jH =
1.5 [fig 24 kern 834]
K (C./K)=
0.4 [fig 16, kern 827]
k Cp.
hi jH .
.
k
ID
hio hi .
0 , 33
ID
OD
12.3287671 BTU/jam.ft2.F
9.6
SHELL SIDE (Cold fluid)

jarak baffle = B =
De =
As
ID
2.4 in =
0.91 in
0.0758333333 ft
[kern, fig 28 hal 838]
ID.( pitch ODtube).B
144. pitch
air =
k(C/K)^0.33 =
Re
Gs .De
0.2 ft
0.04 ft2
0.0120 cp =
0.0700 Btu.ft/hr.ft2.F
7954851.4857885
k Cp.
.
ho jH .
k
De
Gs
0.0290292 lbm/ft.jam
jH =
0,3 3
As
276.923077 BTU/jam.ft2.F
300
ho jH .
D
e
Cp.
.
hio =
0,3 3
9.6
UC
hi 0 .h0
hi 0 h0
9.2783505155 BTU/jam.ft2.F
Rd
Uc Ud
U c .U d
PRESSURE DROP
tube side
Re =
132.4889089665
f=
0.004 [fig 26 kern 836]
Gt =
239569.713894258 kg/jam.ft2
Pt
shell side
Re =
f=
f .Gt2 .L.n
5,22.1010.ID
108895.324 lb/jam.ft2
71.5726170206 psi =
4.8688855116 atm
7954851.48578845
0.0012 [fig 29 kern 839]
0.0016363059 kg/m3 =
N+1=
0.0061290605
0.00010215 lb/ft3
Ps
f .Gs2 .IDs .( N 1)
5,22.101 0.De .
t2
108 oF
t1
198 oF
1828662.8310988 Btu/jam
0.454545455
ari Tabel 9 di dapatkan data :

1.25 in
1.5625 in triangular
12 in
66 buah
At
.A0
65.3536026789
data viskositas
CH3OH
HCl
kg/m.jam
cek lagi
kg/jam.ft2
6699303.8828934 kg/ft2.jam
14738468.542366 lb/ft2.jam
0.0431994577
[fig 28 kern 838]
B
555.3
372.778
viskositas
260.64 11.41873358 mNs/m2K
277.74 5.116391685
Rd
Uc Ud
U c .U d
0.09767887
2959.8245308796 psi
201.3486075428 atm
Reaktor termasuk jenis shell and tube yang terdiri dari sebuah tabung besar
dengan beberapa pipa vertikal didalamnya. Katalis berada didalam pipa dan pendingin
didalam tabung untuk mengambil panas yang dihasilkan dari reaksi eksotermis.
Reaksi:
CH3OH + HCl --> CH3Cl + H2O
data reaktor :
Suhu masuk =
tekanan operasi =
konversi =
R=
300 C
3 atm
95%
82.06
573.15 K
atm.cm3/mol.K
data katalis:
jenis =
bentuk =
Diameter =
Porositas =
Massa jenis =
Menghitung Laju volumetrik Umpan:
T
P
Tr
Pr
Tc
Pc
B.Pc
B 0 .B 1
R.Tc
B 0 0,083
B.Pc
R.Tc
Z 1
0,422
Pr

Tr
Tr
1, 6
B 1 0,139
0,172
Tr
4, 2
Z . n. R. T
P
komponen
Kmol/jam Kg/jam
g/s
Bmi
Yi
Bmi.Yi
CH3OH
122.5082 3925.407 1090.391
32.042 0.212284 6.801993
HCl
140.8844 5136.787 1426.885
36.461 0.244126 8.901085
CH3Cl
0
0
0
50.488
0
0
H2O
313.7041 5651.379 1569.828
18.015 0.54359 9.792777
TOTAL
577.0967 14713.57 4087.104
25.49585
berat molekul umpan reaktor =
25.49585
Tc (K)
mol/s
Pc (atm)
34.03005 80.97
39.13456
83.1
0
66.8
87.14002 220.55
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
mol/s
B0
B'
B.Pc/R.Tc Z
V
34.03005 -0.269963 0.031385 -0.252262 0.991641 529048.7
39.13456 -0.087002 0.123187 -0.070742 0.998553 612646.9
0 -0.170008 0.094094 -0.155611 0.994924
0
512.6
324.7
416.3
647.1
Pr
0.564 0.037051
0.132
0.036101
0.153
0.04491
0.345
0.013602
Tr
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
1.118123
1.765168
1.376772
0.885721
Pr/Tr
0.03313656
0.02045193
0.03261992
0.01535739
H2O
TOTAL
87.14002 -0.429433 -0.14734 -0.480266 0.992624
maka laju volumetrik umpan reaktor =
1356067
2497763
2497763 cm3/detik
Menghitung densitas umpan

m
V
0.001636 g/cm3
Menghitung Viskositas umpan
M .T
2
.
2,6693.10 5
x i . i
mix
i 1
x
j 1
M i
1
1
M j
8
ij
T=Suhu masuk reaktor =
0,77.Tc
K
T
2,44 c
Pc
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
i
1
1 i

Mj
Mi
. ij
573.15 K
(Bird, 1960 : 22 24)
/ K
T.K /
Yi
Bmi
0.212284
32.042 394.702 4.51379 1.452108
1.4529 0.00138
0.244126
36.461 250.019 3.843117 2.292426
0.96 0.002881
0
50.488 320.551 4.490208 1.788015
0.93 0.002179
0.54359
18.015 498.267 3.493102 1.150287
1.629 0.002055
j
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
Bmi/Bmi
1
0.878802
0.634646
1.778629
1.137913
1
0.722172
2.023925
1.575682
1.384712
1
2.802553
0.562231
0.49409
1
0.478983
0.633428
0.671468
2.087757
1
1.322445
1.401862
1.57871
0.756175
1
1.060053
1.489274
0.713337
ij
Yj.ij
Yjij
3 0.356817 0.943349
4
1
1
Tc = 30 C
Ti= 32.5
To=30 C
CW
Tco = 45 C
dari neraca massa dan neraca panas diperoleh :
w bahan =
panas yg dibutuhkan, Q=
CW yg digunakan, M =
Ti =
85 C
To =
50 C
t1 =
30 C
t2 =
45 C
Log mean Temperarture difference:
T1 =
36 F
T2 =
72 F
TLMTd
T 2 T 1
T 2
In
T 1
LMTD =
51.937021472 F
T = Ft x LMTD
T =
untuk 1-2 shell&tube, Ft =

41.549617178 F
Tc dan tc dipakai temperatur rata2

tc = Tave media =
99.5 F
Tc= Tave bahan =
153.5 F
P=
1 atm
R=
9116.9314415458
402734.38116628
6423.1958718705
185
122
86
113
0.082057
atm.m3/kmol.K
0.8
310.65
340.65
Menghitung density campuran

Fluida panas
Komponen
BM
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Massa
(kmol)
32.042
36.461
50.488
18.015
Massa
(kg)
1.225
0.245
110.564
193.539
Total
305.6
Pr = P/Pc'
Tr = T/Tc'
Z
39.3
8.9
5,582.1
3,486.6
9,116.9
0.0022152319
0.179223444
1
Sehingga
densitas umpan =
Fluida dingin
BM
Massa
(kmol)
H2O
18.015
356.54709253
Massa
(kg)
6423.1958718705
995000
Kg/m3
62117.85
Komponen
Menghitung kapasitas panas campuran

Fluida panas
Komponen
BM
Cp
kJ/kmol
32.042 14195851048.986
36.461 1611799056.3923
50.488 12281253060.743
18.015 16093699189.209
Cp
kJ/kg
443038856.7813
44206112.1854
243250932.1174
893349941.1162
BM
Cp
kJ/kmol
18.015 75395.04110037
Cp
kJ/kg
4185.1257896403
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
TOTAL
Fluida Dingin
Komponen
H2O
Total
Menghitung konduktivitas termal campuran
TABLE 2-315 Thermal Conductivity of Inorganic and Organic Liquids [W/(mK)]

Fluida Panas
Komponen
yi
yi.k
W/(m.K)
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
1.29E-03
3.43E-04
5.29E-04
4.59E-04
Total
W/(m.K)
0.0043
0.0010
0.6123
0.3824
1.00000
5.54E-06
3.36E-07
3.24E-04
1.76E-04
5.00E-04
Fluida Dingin
Komponen
k
W/(m.K)
H2O (B)
2E+02
k
W/(m.K)
yi
1.09E+02
Total
Menentukan UD
Dari Tabel 8 Kern, Ud 50-125
Ud =
Menghitung Luas Permukaan
50 Btu/jam.ft2.F
A = Q/(Ud*T)
193.9 ft2
Menentukan spesifikasi dan layout tube
Susunan
Pass Shell
Pass Tube
Outside Diameter =
Pitch
BWG No.
Inside Diameter =
Outside surface / lin ft =
Inside surface / lin ft =
Panjang =
Triangular
1
1
3/4 inch =
0.9375 inch =
16
0.62 inch =
0.302 in2 =
0.1963 ft2 =
0.1623 ft2 =
16 ft
0.0625
0.078125
0.0516666667
0.0020972222
28.2672
23.3712
Menentukan jumlah tube

Nt = A/(L.a")
62
Dari tabel 9 Kern, maka jumlah tube dibulatkan menjadi

Nt =
62 tube
Menentukan diameter shell
Dari tabel 9 Kern, jumlah tube diatas, didapatkan diameter shell

Ds =
10 inch
0.8333333333
Koreksi luas permukaan dan Ud
A = Nt.L.a" =
Ud = Q/(A.T) =
194.7296 ft2
49.78 Btu/jam.ft2.F
Menentukan lebar baffle
B = Ds =
10 inch
Shell, Fluida Dingin
Menghitung viskositas umpan (g)

1 Kg/m.s =
air =
0.67197 lbf/ft.s
Menghitung flow area shell (as)

as = ID.C'.B/(144.Pt)
Menghitung kecepatan massa (Gs)
Gs = w/as =
0.5711745
0.85 Kg/m.s
0.1389 ft2
144,714 lb/hr.ft2
Menghitung bilangan Reynold (Rep)

Dari figure 28 Kern hal 839, diperoleh nilai
0.5500 inch
De =
Res=De.Gs/=
11612.443707642
jH
0.0458333333
Menghitung k (c /k )1/3
Menghitung ho
0.15
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
ho =
255.2727272727 Btu/jam ft2 0F
Menghitung koefisien perpindahan panas

asumsi h = hi =
250
Tv =
tw = ta+(ho/hio+ho)*(Tv-ta) =
tf = (Tv+tw)/2 =
99.5 F
0
49.75 F
dari gambar 12.9, didapat :

hi =
Menghitung Uc
Uc=hioho/hio+ho =
1500
218.1479179615
Menghitung Dirt Factor

Rd = Uc-Ud/(Uc-Ud) =
0.0154159544 hr ft3 F /btu
Pressure Drop
Menentukan faktor friksi
Dari figure 29 Kern, diperoleh nilai

f=
0.0019
Menghitung specific gravity
s = /62,5 =
993.8856
Menghitung jumlah silangan
N+1 = 12.L/B =
19
Menghitung pressure drop
Ps = f.Gs2Ds(N+1)/((5,22E+10)De.s)=
Tube, Fluida Panas
metanol =
HCl =
metil klorida =
air =
camp =
Table 2-364, perry

0.000105 Kg/m.s
0.00016 Kg/m.s
0.00013 Kg/m.s
0.00014 Kg/m.s
0.0001337461 Kg/m.s
0.00 psi
7.055685E-005
0.0001075152
8.73561E-005
9.40758E-005
0.3235440633
Menghitung flow area tube (at)

at = Nt x a't / n =
0.1300 ft2
Menghitung kecepatan massa (Ga)

Gt = w/at =
154576.1021186 lb/hr.ft2
Menghitung bilangan Reynold (Rea)

Ret = D.Gt/ =
jH
24684.217234719
500 [Fig.28 Kern, hal 839]
0.07
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
Menghitung ho
ho =
677.4193548387 Btu/jam ft2 0F
Menghitung mass velocity (V)
V = Gt/ =
1822478.7619904
Pressure Drop

f=
0.00098
s = /62,5 =
993.8856
Menghitung pressure drop tube
Pt = f.Gt2.L.n/((5,22E+10).D.s) =
0.00 psi
Menghitung pressure drop return

V2/2g' =
Pr = (4n/s)(V2/2g') =
0.001
0.00 psi
Menghitung pressure drop total
PT = Pt + Pr =
SPESIFIKASI ALAT UNTUK COOLER-01

CONDENSOR
0.00 psi
Nama Alat
Kode Alat
Jumlah
Fungsi
: COOLER
: C-01
:1 Buah
mendinginkan bahan dengan suhu 30 celcius
Jenis
shell and tube
SHELL
Inside Diameter
:
Pass
:
Tri Angular Pitch
TUBE
10
1
Pass Tube
Inside Diameter
Outside Diameter
Flow Area
Panjang
in
:
:
Pitch
0.62
in
BWG No.
0.75
in
inside surface
: 0.3020
: 16
ft
ft
outside surface
jumlah tube
fungsi :
type :
dasar pemilihan:
mendinginkan bahan dengan suhu 30 celcius

double pipe
umum digunakan dan mempunyai perpindahan panas yang besar
1 Kg
Kg/jam
kj/jam
kg/jam
F
F
F
F
(Kern, 225)
K
K
20099.1871 lb/jam
Ti = suhu input bahan

To = Suhu output bahan
t1 = Suhu input CW
t2 = Suhu output CW
2.2046
yi
fraksi massa
BM camp
Tc
(K)
0.0043
0.0010
0.6123
0.3824
0.13796079
0.03572758
30.9129166
6.88951315
1.0000
37.9761
Pc
(bar)
512.6
324.7
416.3
647.1
1900.7
Pc
(atm)
yi . Pc
80.97
83.1
66.8
220.55
79.9111553
82.0133013
65.9264564
217.665868
0.34406735
0.080363585
40.36561255
83.24240117
451.4200
445.5168
124.0324
1.3585841411 kg/m3
0.0848164079 lbm/ft3
1 Kg/m3 =
0.06243
Kg/L
995
table 2-198, perry hal 2-1

fase gas
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
lbm/ft3
Cp
Btu/lbs
105888828.0859
10565514.3830
58138368.0877
213515760.2714
yi
0.0043
0.0010
0.6123
0.3824
yi.Cp
Btu/lbs
455917.4289
10352.9866
35597102.7208
81655267.1491
117718640.2854
Cp liquid
C1
276370
Cp
Btu/lbs
1000.2690700241
yi
1
yi.Cp
Btu/lbs
1000.2690700241
1000.2690700241
T
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
[W/(mK)]
Total
data K
C1
6.2E-02
yi.k
W/(m.K)
1.09E+02
1.09E+02
ft
ft
ft =
ft2 =
in2 =
in2 =
1.905
2.38125
1.5748
1.9483832
182.368668
150.781634
cm
cm
ft
25.4
cm
cm2
cm2
cm2
lbf/ft.s
cm
ft
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.jam
0,9375
in
16
0.1623
ft2
0.1963
62
ft2
lb
C1
C2
2.288
3.342
1.817
5.459
0.2685
0.2729
0.25877
0.30542
C3
C4
512.64
324.65
416.25
647.13
2.45E-01
3.22E-01
2.83E-01
8.10E-02
0.564
0.132
0.153
0.345
1.1940
. Yi
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.13
0.2282
lbm/ft3
e 2-198, perry hal 2-182

c1
c2
c3
c4
3.93E+04
87900
1916.5
29160
9050
2093.8
35.7945
72460
1723
33360
26790
2610.5
C2
-2090.1
C3
C4
c5
53650
-110
44800
8900
C5
8.125 -0.014116 9.3701E-006
896.7
120
780.5
1169
85 oC =
Bmi
Kg/Jam
32.042
39.3
36.461
8.9
50.488
5,582.1
18.015
3,486.6
9,116.9
C2
1.39730
358 K
yi
0.0043
0.0010
0.6123
0.3824
1.0000
C3
C1
5.24E-07
2.21E-07
2.97E-07
5.21E-07
C4
C2
3.68E-01
3.47E-01
3.53E-01
3.20E-01
C3
0.00E+00
0
0.00E+00
-2.12E-01
C4
0.00E+00
0
0.00E+00
2.58E-01
k (W/mK)
1.29E-03
3.43E-04
5.29E-04
4.59E-04
k*xi
5.54E-06
3.36E-07
3.24E-04
1.76E-04
5.05E-04
pompa 3
Fungsi
Mengalirkan bahan dari bottom quencher
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
x
0.013693547
0.077131204
0.025622301
0.883552948
Jumlah
.x
783.9 10.7343714101
1193 92.0175266417
915 23.4444050896
995 879.1351834946
1005.3314866359
M (kg/jam)
157.0162978
884.4206858
293.7966927
10131.211
11466.44467

25278.924 lb/jam
r
=
62.8083749 lb/cuft
Kapasitas pemompaan
Qf
Qf
402.4769621 cuft/jam
0.1117991561 cuft/dtk

pemompaan (Qf)
=
442.72466 cuft/jam
10%
0.122979072
55.19683697

Di ,opt 3,9 Q f
Di Opt =
0 , 45
0 ,13
2.601542554 inch

dengan diameter dalam mendekati hasil perhitungan
c. Schedule No.
adalah :
3 in
3.5 in
80
2.9 in
6.61 in2

v
metanol =
Qf
2.679291949
A
0.52 Kg/m.s
HCl =
1.5
0.00035 lb/ft.s
0.85 Kg/m.s
0.000571175 lb/ft.s
0.000590292 lb/ft.s
air =
camp =
N Re
N
Re
0.001007955
0.18
0.000120955
Kern, fig 14, 1965 : 823
metil klorid=
Dv
NRe
= 68619.41573

NRe
=
68619.41573
D in
=
2.9 in
0.0733841463 m
e
=
0.000046 m
e/D
=
0.000627

Data :
g=
gc =
Faktor konversi, lb ft/lbfs
32.2
32.174
1 atm
2116.1
1.1 atm
2327.71
211.61
3.369136685 ft.lbf/lbm
potensialH ead Z
direncanakan :
Z1
=
Z2
DZ
Potensial Head
g
gc
0.5 m
1.64 ft
2m
1.5 m
6.56 ft
4.92 ft
VelocityHe ad
V 2
2 gc
V1 = V2
Velocity Head
=
0 ft.lbf/lbm

NRe
=
68,619.42
D
2.9 in
e
=
0.000046 m
e/D
=
0.000627
in
0.0733841463 m

Komponen
L/D
Pipa lurus
Elbow 90o
Sharp edge entrance
k = 0,5
pipa lurus vertikal
Jumlah
Panjang (Le) (ft)

1
125
35
13
135
28
1
1
1
1
8.4245
3.1291
32.4945
6.7396
58
1
1
13.9606
8.5
198.2483
f 4f
f
L
v2
D
2g c
2.205208451

ft.lbf/lbm
(-Wf) =
10.49832102 ft.lbf/lbm
Kapasitas (Qf)
=
0.1229791 cuft/dtk
9.40E-006 ft2/s
55.19683697
= 0.873130258
pompa=
39%
Bhp
( Wf ) Q f
550
Bhp
=
Broke Horsepower =
0.378043103 HP
effisiensi motor =
80%
Powermotor
Power motor
Bhp
mot or
0.4725539
Resume :
Kode
Fungsi
Tipe
Jumlah
Kapasitas
Tenaga Pompa
Bahan Kontruksi
Pipa
:
:
:
:
P-03
centrifugal
1
0.3780431 HP
Commercial Steel
D nominal=
OD
ID
Sch
=
=
=
3 in
3.5 in
2.9 in
80
an pertimbangan :
(peters, p.521)
1 kg =
2.2046 lb
1 gr =
0.001 kg
1m =
35.31467 in2
1 cm3 =
1 jam =
1 cuft =
0.000001 m3
3600 dtk
7.480519 gallon
Bahan baku :
Metanol
Kemurnian
H 2O
99.90%
0.10%
100%
cuft/dtk
gallon/mnt
0.2905 ft
0.2407 ft
0.0458998 ft2
ft/dtk
Kg/m.s
lb/ft.s
Kg/m.s
lb/ft.s

ft/s2
lb ft/lbfs2
lbf/ft2
lbf/ft2
0.2407 ft
Panjang (Le) (ft)
velocityhead f
gallon/mnt
Cs
n/mnt diperoleh effisiensi ()
HP
1 menit =
1 in =
2
1m=
1 atm =
1 in =
1 Kg/m.s =
60 second
0.006944 ft2
3.28 ft
2116.1 lbf/ft2
0.083 ft
0.67197 lbf/ft.s
Tc = 30 C
Ti= 40
To=32 C
CW
Tco = 45 C
w bahan =
Ti =
40 C
To =
32.5 C
t1 =
30 C
t2 =
45 C
T1 =
9F
T2 =
4.5 F
TLMTd
T 2 T 1
T 2
In
T 1
LMTD =
T = Ft x LMTD
T =
6.492127684 F
5.1937021472 F

tc = Tave media =
99.5 F
Tc= Tave bahan =
97.25 F
P=
1 atm
R=
6009.9891595886
1175700.4539097
18751.203411637
104
90.5
86
113
0.082057
atm.m3/kmol.K
0.8
310.65
309.4

Fluida panas
Komponen
BM
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Massa
(kmol)
32.042
36.461
50.488
18.015
Massa
(kg)
0.245
0.049
105.035
38.708
Total
144.0
Pr = P/Pc'
Tr = T/Tc'
Z
7.9
1.8
5,303.0
697.3
6,010.0
0.0022152319
0.1627821329
1
Sehingga
densitas umpan =
Fluida dingin
BM
Massa
(kmol)
H2O
18.015
1040.8661344
Massa
(kg)
18751.2034116371
995000
Kg/m3
62117.85
Komponen

Fluida panas
Komponen
BM
Cp
kJ/kmol
32.042 9806521507.4068
36.461 1096615515.2607
50.488 8479528352.4073
18.015 10976482780.658
Cp
kJ/kg
306052103.7203
30076397.1164
167951361.7574
609296851.5491
BM
Cp
kJ/kmol
18.015 75260.12825482
Cp
kJ/kg
4177.6368723187
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
TOTAL
Fluida Dingin
Komponen
H2O
Total

Fluida Panas
Komponen
yi
yi.k
W/(m.K)
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
1.12E-03
3.00E-04
4.62E-04
4.06E-04
Total
W/(m.K)
0.0013
0.0003
0.8824
0.1160
1.00000
1.46E-06
8.93E-08
4.08E-04
4.71E-05
4.55E-04
Fluida Dingin
Komponen
k
W/(m.K)
H2O (B)
2E+02
k
W/(m.K)
yi
1.09E+02
Total
Menentukan UD
Ud =
125 Btu/jam.ft2.F
A = Q/(Ud*T)
1811.0 ft2
Susunan
Pass Shell
Pass Tube
Outside Diameter =
Pitch
BWG No.
Inside Diameter =
Panjang =
Triangular
1
6
3/4 inch =
0.9375 inch =
16
0.62 inch =
0.302 in2 =
0.1963 ft2 =
0.1623 ft2 =
25 ft
0.0625
0.078125
0.0516666667
0.0020972222
28.2672
23.3712

Nt = A/(L.a")
369

Nt =
378 tube

Ds =
23.25 inch
1.9375
A = Nt.L.a" =
Ud = Q/(A.T) =
1855.035 ft2
122.03 Btu/jam.ft2.F
B = Ds =
23.25 inch

1 Kg/m.s =
air =
0.67197 lbf/ft.s

as = ID.C'.B/(144.Pt)
Gs = w/as =
0.5711745
0.85 Kg/m.s
0.7508 ft2
17,648 lb/hr.ft2

0.5500 inch
De =
Res=De.Gs/=
1416.1286427911
jH
0.0458333333
Menghitung ho
0.15
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
ho =
58.9090909091 Btu/jam ft2 0F

asumsi h = hi =
250
Tv =
tf = (Tv+tw)/2 =
99.5 F
0
49.75 F

hi =
Menghitung Uc
Uc=hioho/hio+ho =
1500
56.6829951015

0.0096419753 hr ft3 F /btu
Pressure Drop

f=
0.003
s = /62,5 =
993.8856
N+1 = 12.L/B =
13
Ps = f.Gs2Ds(N+1)/((5,22E+10)De.s)=
0.00 psi
Tube, Fluida Panas
metanol =
HCl =
metil klorida =
air =
camp =
0.00009 Kg/m.s
0.000155 Kg/m.s
0.00011 Kg/m.s
0.00012 Kg/m.s
0.0001111475 Kg/m.s
6.04773E-005
0.0001041554
7.39167E-005
8.06364E-005
0.268876083

at = Nt x a't / n =
0.1321 ft2

Gt = w/at =
100280.96197714 lb/hr.ft2

Ret = D.Gt/ =
jH
19269.780259385
0.07
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
Menghitung ho
ho =
108.3870967742 Btu/jam ft2 0F
V = Gt/ =
873411.16705317
Pressure Drop

f=
0.0015
s = /62,5 =
993.8856
Pt = f.Gt2.L.n/((5,22E+10).D.s) =
0.00 psi

V2/2g' =
Pr = (4n/s)(V2/2g') =
0.001
0.00 psi
PT = Pt + Pr =
SPESIFIKASI ALAT UNTUK CONDENSER-01

CONDENSOR
0.00 psi
Nama Alat
Kode Alat
Jumlah
Fungsi
: CONDENSOR
: C-01
:1 Buah
mengkondensasikan bahan dengan suhu 30 celcius
Jenis
shell and tube
SHELL
Inside Diameter
:
Pass
:
Tri Angular Pitch
TUBE
23.25
1
Pass Tube
Inside Diameter
Outside Diameter
Flow Area
Panjang
in
:
:
Pitch
0.62
in
BWG No.
0.75
in
inside surface
: 0.3020
: 25
ft
ft
outside surface
jumlah tube
fungsi :
type :
dasar pemilihan:

1-2 shell and tube HE (Fixed Tube)
1 Kg
Kg/jam
kj/jam
kg/jam
F
F
F
F
(Kern, 225)
K
K
13249.6221 lb/jam

t1 = Suhu input CW
t2 = Suhu output CW
2.2046
yi
fraksi massa
BM camp
Tc
(K)
0.0013
0.0003
0.8824
0.1160
0.04185628
0.01083948
44.5490644
2.09022737
1.0000
46.6920
Pc
(bar)
512.6
324.7
416.3
647.1
1900.7
Pc
(atm)
yi . Pc
80.97
83.1
66.8
220.55
79.9111553
82.0133013
65.9264564
217.665868
0.104387491
0.024381718
58.17148531
25.25512923
451.4200
445.5168
83.5554
1.8391045386 kg/m3
0.1148152963 lbm/ft3
1 Kg/m3 =
0.06243
Kg/L
995

fase gas
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
lbm/ft3
Cp
Btu/lbs
73148208.3346
7188431.4320
40141338.8458
145625442.5079
yi
0.0013
0.0003
0.8824
0.1160
yi.Cp
Btu/lbs
95553.0914
2137.0473
35419487.5689
16896490.9814
52413668.6890
Cp liquid
C1
276370
Cp
Btu/lbs
998.479175827
yi
1
yi.Cp
Btu/lbs
998.479175827
998.479175827
T
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
[W/(mK)]
Total
data K
C1
6.2E-02
yi.k
W/(m.K)
1.09E+02
1.09E+02
ft
ft
ft =
ft2 =
in2 =
in2 =
1.905
2.38125
1.5748
1.9483832
182.368668
150.781634
cm
cm
ft
59.055
cm
cm2
cm2
cm2
lbf/ft.s
cm
ft
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.jam
0,9375
in
16
0.1623
ft2
0.1963
378
ft2
lb
C1
C2
2.288
3.342
1.817
5.459
0.2685
0.2729
0.25877
0.30542
C3
C4
512.64
324.65
416.25
647.13
2.45E-01
3.22E-01
2.83E-01
8.10E-02
0.564
0.132
0.153
0.345
1.1940
. Yi
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.04
0.1758
lbm/ft3
e 2-198, perry hal 2-182

c1
c2
c3
c4
3.93E+04
87900
1916.5
29160
9050
2093.8
35.7945
72460
1723
33360
26790
2610.5
C2
-2090.1
C3
C4
c5
53650
-110
44800
8900
C5
8.125 -0.014116 9.3701E-006
896.7
120
780.5
1169
40 oC =
Bmi
Kg/Jam
32.042
7.9
36.461
1.8
50.488
5,303.0
18.015
697.3
6,010.0
C2
1.39730
313 K
yi
0.0013
0.0003
0.8824
0.1160
1.0000
C3
C1
5.24E-07
2.21E-07
2.97E-07
5.21E-07
C4
C2
3.68E-01
3.47E-01
3.53E-01
3.20E-01
C3
0.00E+00
0
0.00E+00
-2.12E-01
C4
0.00E+00
0
0.00E+00
2.58E-01
k (W/mK)
1.12E-03
3.00E-04
4.62E-04
4.06E-04
k*xi
1.46E-06
8.93E-08
4.08E-04
4.71E-05
4.56E-04
DISTILASI
Fungsi: Memisahkan campuran Produk metil klorida
Jenis: sieve tray
Asumsi : 1. Sistem ideal mengikuti hukum Roult
2. Tekanan seluruh kolom tetap
3. Umpan berupa cair jenuh
4. Kondensor yang dipakai merupakan kondensor tetap
Persamaan-persamaan yang digunakan untuk perhitungan dalam merancang
menara distilasi yaitu:
Bubble Point :
Ki Xi =1
Dew Point:
Yi/Ki =1
Ki = Pi0/P
P0= Exp(A-BT-C ln T- DT3)
Dimana:
Ki = Konstanta kesetimbangan uap cair komponen i
Xi = Fraksi mol cairan komponen i
P0 = Tekanan uap muri komponen I (atm)
P = Tekanan total (atm)
T = Temperatur(K)
Nilai konstanta A,B,dan C masing-masing komponen
antoine (gravin Towler, Chemical engineering design)
Komponen
A
CH3OH
1.86E+01
HCl
1.65E+01
CH3Cl
1.61E+01
H2O
1.83E+01
Penentuan jumlah plate minimum
X LD X HB

Log
X HD X LB
Nm
Log Lavr
Lavr ( LF . LD . LB )1 / 3
i
Ki
K HK
B
3.63E+03
1.71E+03
2.08E+03
3.82E+03
C
-3.43E+01
-1.45E+01
-2.96E+01
-4.61E+01
Dimana
Nm
=
XLD
=
Jumlah plate minimum
XHD
FRaksi mol komponen kunci berat destilat
XLB
Fraksi mol komponen kunci ringan bottom
XHB
Fraksi mol komponen kunci berat botom
Lavr
Volatilitas relative rata-rata komponen kunci ringan
Volatilitas komponen i
Fraksi mol komponen kunci ringan destilat
Penentuan refluks minimum

Reflaks minimum dengan menggunakan persamaan Underwood :
i xiD

i
Rm 1
Dengan :
Rm = Refluks minimum
= Relative volatilitas tiap komponen
maka:
1 q
i xiF
i
q merupakan :
panas untuk pengupan 1 mol umpan =
Hv - HF
Hv - HL
panas laten umpan
Penentuan jumlah plate teoritis pada aktual Reffluks

Jumlah plate secara teoritis dapat didekati dengan rumus :
N N m in
1 EX P
N 1
Dengan persamaan:
R
=
=
X
=
N
=
1 54.4
11 117.2
0.5

Z x Rmin
(R - Rmin)/(R+1)
(N - Nmin)/(N+1)
(Nmin + X) (1- X)
Penentuan Temperatur Umpan Destilasi

Umpan berupa campuran uap jenuh dengan tekanan 1 atm. Maka temperatur
umpan destilasi dicara dengan trial dew point.
Tekanan =
1 atm
=
Temperatur Trial
=
20.85 C
=
101.325
294.000000
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total
f (kmol/jam)
0.245
0.049
105.035
38.708
144.037
xi
0.0017
0.0003
0.7292
0.2687
1.000
Pi
9.5469
12301.0388
1036.0150
1.1609
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total
ki
0.0126
16.1856
1.3632
0.0015
yi=ki*xi
0.000021
0.005507
0.994062
0.000411
1.000
alfa
8.2234365137
10595.7797387032
892.3950727796
1
Penentuan Temperatur destilat

Temperatur destilat dicari dengan trial dew point temperatur. Tekanan operasi
dianggap konstan pada kondisi 1 atm
Tekanan =
1 atm
=
101.325
Temperatur Trial =
30.1635975201 C
=
303.3136
Komponen
f,kmol/jam
yi
Pi
CH3OH
0.2449918797
0.0022
165.1879
HCl
0.0490032763
0.0004
38930.6785
CH3Cl
105.035459983
0.9619
4988.1414
H2O
3.870781752
0.0354
31.9521
Total
109.200
1.000
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total
ki
0.2174
51.2246
6.5633
0.0420
xi=yi/ki
0.0103
0.0000
0.1466
0.8431
1.000
alfa
5.16985
1218.40596
156.11290
1.00000
Penentuan Temperatur Bottom Destilasi

Temperatur bottom destilasi merupakan temperatur bubble point, dicari untuk
menentukan temperatur operasi reboiler (reboiler parsial)
Tekanan =
1 atm
=
101.325
Temperatur Trial =
100.0020555086 C
=
373.1520555086
Komponen
f,kmol/jam
xi
Pi
CH3OH
2.450163813569E-005 7.03321059416E-007 2658.0751643188
HCl
5.902890849928E-022
0
123619.564695223
CH3Cl
2.964984906363E-012
0
23332.2912520951
H2O
34.8370357679
0.9999992967
759.9987597097
Total
34.8371
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total
ki
3.4974673215
162.6573219674
30.7003832264
0.999998368
1.000
yi=ki*xi
alfa
2.45984242181E-006 3.4974730292
0
162.6575874182
0
30.7004333283
0.9999976647
1
1.000
Menghitung Jumlah Plate Minimum Pada Total Refluk

Untuk menghitung jumlah plate minimum, maka dihitung terlebih dahulu nilai
volatilitas rata-rata dari komponen kunci ringan (light key component)
(Komponen metanol).
L. Average L.D x L.W

= (5.16985 x 3.4974)^1/2
=
4.2522252973
Menghitung stage teoritis (Nm)
X LD X HB

Log
X HD X LB
Nm
Log Lavr
=
=
7.8811181623
8 Plate
Menghitung Refluks minimum dan Refluks Optimum

Temperatur rata-rata destilat-bottom = 30.16 + 100=
65.0828265143
2
Umpan masuk menara berupa jenuh maka q =0. harga dicari dengan cara trial
(Mc.Cabe Unit Operation Of Chemical Engineering)
1-q =
j.xf
(j- )
1-q =
1.00
didapatkan harga =
1.500000
2. Perhitungan Refluks minimum (Rmin)

Rmin + 1 =
j.xd
(j- )
Rmin + 1 =
Rmin =
0.9043
0.0957
Menentukan Jumlah Plate Teoritis (N teoritis)

Nmin
R min
=
=
8
0.0957
N N m in
1 EX P
N 1
Dengan persamaan:
R
=
=
X
=
N
=
1 54.4
11 117.2
0.5

Z x Rmin
(R - Rmin)/(R+1)
(N - Nmin)/(N+1)
(Nmin + X)/ (1- X)
Z
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
1.25
1.3
1.35
1.4
1.45
1.5
R
0.1005131758
0.1052995175
0.1100858592
0.1148722009
0.1196585426
0.1244448843
0.129231226
0.1340175677
0.1388039094
0.1435902511
Diambil Z =
Refluks =
Jumlah Plate Teoritis =
0.00434919
0.00866071
0.01293506
0.01717270
0.02137411
0.02553976
0.02967009
0.03376556
0.03782660
0.04185364
X
0.8025076566
0.7286357419
0.6931379242
0.6720155579
0.6576670674
0.6469563344
0.6383765291
0.6311273522
0.624752295
0.618976578
1.25
0.1244448843
24.94
Menentukan Jumlah Plate aktual

Menggunakan O'Connell's correlation :
Eo = 51-32,5 log (a.a)
25
(coulson vol.6,hal 549 eq 11.67 )
Menghitung avg pada suhu rata-rata
338.2328265143 K
data viscositas gas

Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
Water
T top =
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
jumlah
top, kmol/jam
T bottom =
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
jumlah
2.288
3.342
1.817
2.69E-01
0.2729
2.59E-01
5.13E+02
324.65
416.25
5.459
3.05E-01
647.13
303.3136 K
xd
0.245
0.049
105.035
3.871
109.200
, cp
0.002
0.000
0.962
0.035
1.000
3.95E+00
7.6784121084
3.3605984571
9.9792504193
373.1520555086 K
bottom, kmol/jam
xb
, cp
2.450163813569E-005 7.03321059416E-007
5.902890849928E-022
0
2.964984906363E-012
0
34.8370357679
0.9999992967
34.8370602695
1
0.03
0.75
0.1
0.2838
Jumlah Plate aktual

avg =
1.0105648667 cp =
Eo =
N actual
1.0105648667
50.8517
=
N teoritis -1 reboiler
Eff
=
47.0781057744
stages
47
Menentukan Lokasi Umpan Masuk

Perhitungan dengan menggunakan persamaan Dria 11.62 p-422 RK. Sinnot
The equation by Kirkbride(1944)
B Xf .HK Xb.HK 2
Nr
log

0.206 log
N
D
Xf
.
LK
Xd
.
LK
B/D
(Xhk/Xlk)f
(Xbhk/Xdlk)
[RK. Sinnot. Eq 11.62.p-422]
=
=
=
0.3190200064
2143.4375
1367598.88984544
Log Nr/Ns
Nr/Ns
Nact -1 = Nr + Ns
Ns
=
=
3.112010322
22.4661632551
2.0062123178
Jadi umpan masuk pada plate : dari 12 dasar menara.
DIAMETER MENARA
1. Diameter Puncak Menara
R = Refluk Ratio
15.6800894353 kmol/jam
Lo = R x D
V = Lo + D
122.7896 kmol/jam
P x 273 BM
campuran
T x 101 .325 x 22 .4
Berat molekul Uap Destilat :

Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total
BM camp =
P
=
T
=
Maka densitas uap destilat :
Yi
0.0022
0.0004
0.9619
0.0354
1.0000
Bmi
32.0420
36.4610
50.4880
18.0150
Yi. Bmi
0.0718865639
0.0163617636
48.5624432199
0.6385712636
49.2892628111
49.2892628111 kg/kmol
1.2 atm =
294.000000 K
121.59 kpa
P x 273 BM campuran
T x 101 .325 x 22 .4
2.0432411242 kg/m3
Menentukan Densitas Cair Campuran Destilat

Densitas murni komponen pada temperature operrasi 256.35 K dihitung dengan
menggunakan persamaan:
B (1 (1 T / C )
Untuk menghitung densitas cair destilat, maka perlu dicari nilai BM cair campuran.
Menentukan Berat Molekul Cair Campuran Destilat
Berat Molekkul (BM) campuran dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan :
BM campuran =
Xi . BM i
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total
Xi
1.0000
BM campuran =
22.9188805139 kg/kmol
0.0103
0.00001
0.1466
0.8431
Kondisi Operasi
T=
P=
komponen
CH3OH
HCL
CH3Cl
H2O
jumlah
Bmi
32.0420
36.4610
50.4880
18.0150
30.1636 C
1 atm
D, kg/jam
303.3136
760
top, kmol/jam
7.8500
1.7867
5303.0303
69.7321
5382.3992
BM campuran
xd
0.2450
0.0490
105.0355
3.8708
109.2002
0.0022
0.0004
0.9619
0.0354
1
49.2892628111 kg/kmol
Rapat Massa vapor
1.9802906182 kg/m3
Kecepatan Volume Gas (Qv)
0.8489510414 m3/detik
komponen
CH3OH
HCL
CH3Cl
H2O
jumlah
D, kg/jam
komponen
CH3OH
HCL
CH3Cl
H2O
jumlah
volume utk 1000 kg

1.8605216938
0.2782513922
x berat
7.8500
1.7867
5303.0303
69.7321
5382.3992
(g/mL)
0.001458463
0.0003319539
0.9852539975
0.0129555856
1
Xi
0.0022
0.0004
0.9619
0.0354
1.0000
13.020689048
15.159462134
Didapat densitas liquid campuran =

Densitas liquid destilat
Xi. Bmi
0.330737318
0.0003194124
7.3990398066
15.1887839769
22.9188805139
0.46584
0.7839
1.193
0.915
0.995
. Xi
0.0041741
0.0001248645
0
0.4615397091
0.4658386735
kmol/m3
1305.82560 kmol /m3 x BM campuran
1305.82560 kmol /m3 x18.34416884 kg/kmol
22.961
kg/m3
Asumsi : Tray spacing yang digunakan =

Dari Fig. 16.6 Peters & Timmerhaus Page 657 didapat nilai Kv=
Vm Kv
0.7679048249 m/s
Kecepatan alir actual V
0.6 Vm
=
Distilat (D) =
Ln
=
D
Ln
=
=
0.460742895 m/s
144.037 kmol/jam
R
RxD
17.924704778 kmol/jam
Vn = Ln + D
Diameter,
0.24
( L v )
Laju air uap :
18
161.962 kmol/jam
4 x Vn x Bm
v x V x 3600
uap
1.732237822 m
Laju alir volume uap maksimum :

Vum=
1.085283842
m3/s
Laju Alir volume cairan :

Vc=
m3/s
0.0106884
2. Diameter Kolom Bawah

Menentukan Densitas Uap Campuran Bottom
Densitas uap campuran dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan :
x 3.14
1/ 2
P x 273 BM
camp uran
T x 101 .325 x 22 .4
Berat molekul Uap bottom :

Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total
Yi
0.0000025
0.0000000
0.0000000
1.0000
1.0000
BM camp =
P
= 1 atm =
Bmi
32.0420
36.4610
50.4880
18.0150
137.0060
Yi. Bmi
7.881827088E-005
0
0
18.0149579299
18.0150367482
18.0150367482 kg/kmol
101.325 kpa
100.00 oC
373.15
Maka densitas uap bottom :
P x 273 BM campuran
T x 101 .325 x 22 .4
0.5883881842 kg/m3
Menentukan Densitas Cair Campuran Bottom

Densitas murni komponen pada temperature operrasi 373.15 K dihitung dengan
menggunakan persamaan:
B (1 (1 T / C )
Untuk menghitung densitas cair bottom, maka perlu dicari nilai BM cair campuran.
Menentukan Berat Molekul Cair Campuran Bottom
Berat Molekkul (BM) campuran dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan :
BM campuran =
Xi . BM i
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total
BM campuran =
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total
Xi
0.0000007
0.0000000
0.0000000
1.00000
1.0000
Xi. Bmi
2.253581339E-005
0
0
18.0149873297
18.0150098655
Bmi
32.042
36.461
50.488
18.015
18.0150098655 kg/kmol
0.7839
1.193
0.915
0.995
78.39
119.3
91.5
99.5
Xi
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
1.00000
1.00000
Didapat densitas liquid campuran =
99.49999
Densitas liquid bottom
99.16820658 kmol /m3 x BM campuran
kmol/m3
99.16820658 kmol /m3 x 123.1105008 kg/kmol
1792.4932141449
kg/m3
Asumsi : Tray spacing yang digunakan =

Dari Fig. 16.6 Peters & Timmerhaus Page 657 didapat nilai Kv
Kv =
0.24
ft.s
( L v )
Vm Kv
v
=
13.2445357483 m/s
Kecepatan alir actual ,V =

0.7 x 11.29497571
Diameter,d
4 x Vn x Bm
9.2711750238
uap
1/ 2
0.7 Vm
=
v x V x 3600 x 3.14
18
1/ 2
4 x 418.083271x 31.1310342
1.10780 x 3.54543177 x 3600 x 3.14
0.4350495304 m
Laju alir volume uap maksimum :

Vum= 418.083 kmol/jam x 31.131 kg/kmol=
1.3774690356
1.1078 kg/m3 x 3600 s/jam
Laju Alir volume cairan :

Vc= 305.091 kmol/jam x 28.8696kg/kmol=
0.0000500
878.229 kg/m3 x 3600 s/jam
Dari perhitungan di atas maka digunakan diameter kolom diantara diameter top
dan bottom
=
1.0836436762 m
2
/4(D )
Luas Penampang Menara
=
= 3.14 x (1.1667)2
...4
=
0.9218126393 m2
Menghitung net area

Net area ditentukan dengan membagi kapasitas laju alir volume maksimum dengan
nilai laju alir aktual :
Top
7.100163 m3/s
2.3555085796
0.1485754537
25.7325 m3/s
Bottom
9.1586 m3/s
7.9532 m3/s
Jadi net area yang diperoleh sekitar
1.2520420166
Untuk daerah downcomer diambil 20% luas keseluruhan. Maka luas total destilasi
Top
=
=
2.7711865642
0.2759 m2
..0.85
Bottom
=
=
0.1747946514
1.1516 m2
..0.85
Rancangan Plate
Diameter menara (Dc)
1.0836 m
Luas Menara (Ac)
0.9218 m2
Downcomer area (Ad)
20% x 0.877 =
0.1843625279
Net area (An)

Aktivearea (Aa)
Hole area (Ah)
=
=
=
1.182 - 0.175 =
1.182-(2x 0.75)=
5% x Aa =
1.0676794888
0.8833169609
0.044165848
20
Ad
x100%
Ac
Dari fig.11.31 Coulson Vol.6 didapat nilai:

Lw
=
0.875 m
Dc
Panjang weir (lw)
= 0.875 x 1.0575
Estimasi tinggi weur (hw) = 2 in =
Estimasi tebal plate
= 3/16 =
Estimasi diameter lubang = 3/16 =
=
2
3/16
3/16
Check weeping :
Aliran cairan maksimum
Ln x Bm
=
17.924kmol/jam x 18.015 kg/kmol=
3600
3600 s/jam
Aliran cairan minimum pada 70% turn down
0.7 x 0.62962 kg/s
=
ho
1 .7 x Q
2/ 3
0.0627887815 kg/s
0.0211463732 m
0.9481882167
5.08001016
0.4762509525
0.4762509525
0.0896982593
ho
lw x
2.1146373 cm
Menghitung Pressuree Drop

Dry Plate Presure Drop
Vc = 13.244
13.2445357483
0.7679048249
7.0062202866 m/s
+ 0.711 =
2
K.H dari fig 16.12 Peters & h.Timmerhaus (dengan Ah/Aa = 0.05 dan tebal
plate / diameter lubang =1.0)=1.6
hc ( K.H )
1.6
=
Vc 2 . V
2g L
4.24458
m/s x (1.69001 kg/m 3 )

2 x (9.8m / s 2 ) x (851 .406 kg / m 3 )
2
0.0058085929 m
0.5808592886
Total pressure drop dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan :

hT
=
hc + hw +ho
= ( 0.641 + 2.149+ 5.08001 ) cm =
=
Menentukan Jumlah Lubang pada Plate
Diameter lubang = 3/16 in =
Luas penampang lubang =
D2 = 3.14 x (0.4763 cm)2 =
..4
4
Maka Jumlah lubang pada plate
=
7.7755068
0.0777550676
0.47625 cm
0.1780490 cm2
Ah
Luas penampang lubang
=
2480.5440275332
=
2481
Menentukan Tebal Dinding Kolom Destilasi
ts
P design x D
c
2 S x E 0.6 x P design
direncanakan:
Bahan konstruksi Carbon Stell SA-285 Grade C
Dimana:
Pdesign
=
1.2 x P operasi
Poperasi
atm =
14.7
Pdesign
17.64
1.2 x 14.7 =
Phidrostasik =
L x g x h
=
=
15.644264998 kg/m.s2
0.002760 Psia
=
Pd + Ph
=
17.64 + 0.0026
=
17.642760 Psi
Diameter kolom
=
Allowable stress, S =
Joint efficiency, E
=
Corossion factor, C =
ts
=
1.0836 m = 41.633 in
13750 Psi
0.8
0.125 in/10 tahun
0.1592463183 in
Diambil tebal standar = 3/16 in (Tabel 5.6 Brownell & Young)
Menentukan Tebal Penutup (Head Kolom Destilasi)
P x r x W
th
C
2
x
S
x
E
0
.
2
x
P
Eq. 7.77 Brownell & Young
Dipilih jenis tutup torisperichal head

Diameter dalam, ID =
Diameter Luar, OD = ID+ (2t) =
1.0836 m = 41.633 in
43.0380515327 in
Dipilih diameter luar standar terdekat =

Diketahui :
icr
=
r
=
th
3.25 in
54 in
0.5
W 0.25 3 r
icr
0.25 3 60
3.625
54
in
(Table 5.7 Brownell & Young)
Eq.7.76 Brownell & Young
0.5
1.7690493307 in
=
0.2016208917 in
Dipilih tebal pentup standar = 1/4 in

Menentukan Tinggi Penutup Kolom Destilassi
Dari Tabel 5.8 Brownell & Young diketahui :
Straight flange, sf
=
Dari Fig 5.8 Brownell & Young diketahui :
2.25 in
a =
ID =
2
ID - icr
..2
42.008=
2
AB
BC
= r - icr = 60-3.625
AC
= (BC2-AB2) =
21.5190257663 in
= 21.004 -3.25 =
18.2690257663
50.75
47.3477053039 in
Depht of dish, b = r - AC = 54- 47.543 =

OA = th + b + sf = 0.201 + 2.25 + 6.456 =
Menentukan Tinggi Kolom Destilasi
H
= (Nactual x tray spacing) -(2OA)
= ( 47 x 12 in) -(2 x 8.908)
=
545.7921688245 in
=
13.8631488144 m
6.6522946961
9.1039155877
Pa
K
Pa
K
Pa
K
N
43.9694302602
31.7276636413
27.941726144
26.0778641336
24.942926654
24.1558632201
23.5590202958
23.0763803333
22.6673483761
22.3085885292
plate
2.45E-01
3.22E-01
8.10E-02
8.10E-02
.xd
8.85E-03
3.45E-03
3.23E+00
3.54E-01
3.60E+00
.xb
2.11E-08 gean koplis, fig A.3-4 App A.3
0.00E+00 gean koplis, fig A.3-4 App A.4
0.00E+00 gean koplis, fig A.3-4 App A.5
2.84E-01 gean koplis, table A.2-4 App A.2
2.84E-01
mNs/m^2
stages
ot. Eq 11.62.p-422]
K
mmHg
6884 kg/kmol
in
ft.s
. Xi
5.513333785E-005
0
0
99.4999300196
99.4999851529
105008 kg/kmol
in
m/s
m3/s
m3/s
m2
m2
m2
m2
m2
m2
m2
m2
m2
m
cm
cm
cm
kg/s
cm
cm
m
Lubang
psi
psi
42.6630515327 in
Brownell & Young
42.6630515327 in
7 Brownell & Young)
Brownell & Young
in
in
in
in
Tc = 30 C
Ti= 32.5
To=30 C
CW
Tco = 45 C
w bahan =
Ti =
30.16359752 C
To =
30.16 C
t1 =
30 C
t2 =
45 C
T1 =
-26.70552446 F
T2 =
0.288 F
TLMTd
T 2 T 1
T 2
In
T 1
LMTD =
T = Ft x LMTD
T =
Err:502 F
Err:502 F

tc = Tave media =
99.5 F
Tc= Tave bahan =
86.291237768 F
P=
1 atm
R=
5382.3991751486
1924315.4673848
30661.495656228
86.2944755362
86.288
86
113
0.082057
atm.m3/kmol.K
0.8
310.65
304.48

Fluida panas
Komponen
BM
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Massa
(kmol)
32.042
36.461
50.488
18.015
Massa
(kg)
0.245
0.049
105.035
3.871
Total
109.2
Pr = P/Pc'
Tr = T/Tc'
Z
7.9
1.8
5,303.0
69.7
5,382.4
0.0022152319
0.1601936129
1
Sehingga
densitas umpan =
Fluida dingin
BM
Massa
(kmol)
H2O
18.015
1701.9980936
Massa
(kg)
30661.4956562275
995000
Kg/m3
62117.85
Komponen

Fluida panas
Komponen
BM
Cp
kJ/kmol
32.042 9221568331.9989
36.461 1028466202.0765
50.488 7973015866.0454
18.015 10298782413.862
Cp
kJ/kg
287796277.7604
28207295.5233
157919027.6114
571678180.0645
BM
Cp
kJ/kmol
18.015 75300.466036218
Cp
kJ/kg
4179.8759942392
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
TOTAL
Fluida Dingin
Komponen
H2O
Total

Fluida Panas
Komponen
yi
yi.k
W/(m.K)
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
1.09E-03
2.94E-04
4.52E-04
3.98E-04
Total
W/(m.K)
0.0015
0.0003
0.9853
0.0130
1.00000
1.59E-06
9.75E-08
4.45E-04
5.15E-06
4.50E-04
Fluida Dingin
Komponen
k
W/(m.K)
H2O (B)
2E+02
k
W/(m.K)
yi
1.09E+02
Total
Menentukan UD
Ud =
125 Btu/jam.ft2.F
A = Q/(Ud*T)
Err:502 ft2
Susunan
Pass Shell
Pass Tube
Outside Diameter =
Pitch
BWG No.
Inside Diameter =
Panjang =
Triangular
1
2
3/4 inch =
0.9375 inch =
16
0.62 inch =
0.302 in2 =
0.1963 ft2 =
0.1623 ft2 =
25 ft
0.0625
0.078125
0.0516666667
0.0020972222
28.2672
23.3712

Nt = A/(L.a")
Err:502

Nt =
822 tube

Ds =
31 inch
2.5833333333
A = Nt.L.a" =
Ud = Q/(A.T) =
4033.965 ft2
Err:502 Btu/jam.ft2.F
B = Ds =
31 inch

1 Kg/m.s =
air =
0.67197 lbf/ft.s

as = ID.C'.B/(144.Pt)
Gs = w/as =
0.5711745
0.85 Kg/m.s
1.3347 ft2
8,890 lb/hr.ft2

0.5500 inch
De =
Res=De.Gs/=
713.3907080382
jH
0.0458333333
Menghitung ho
0.15
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
ho =
49.0909090909 Btu/jam ft2 0F

asumsi h = hi =
250
Tv =
tf = (Tv+tw)/2 =
99.5 F
0
49.75 F

hi =
Menghitung Uc
Uc=hioho/hio+ho =
1500
47.5352112676

0.013037037 hr ft3 F /btu
Pressure Drop

f=
0.003
s = /62,5 =
993.8856
N+1 = 12.L/B =
10
Ps = f.Gs2Ds(N+1)/((5,22E+10)De.s)=
0.0000 psi
Tube, Fluida Panas
metanol =
HCl =
metil klorida =
air =
camp =
0.00009 Kg/m.s
0.000155 Kg/m.s
0.00011 Kg/m.s
0.00012 Kg/m.s
0.0001101153 Kg/m.s
6.04773E-005
0.0001041554
7.39167E-005
8.06364E-005
0.2663791006

at = Nt x a't / n =
0.8620 ft2

Gt = w/at =
13766.36986111 lb/hr.ft2

Ret = D.Gt/ =
jH
2670.1135379608
0.07
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
Menghitung ho
ho =
124.6451612903 Btu/jam ft2 0F
V = Gt/ =
110108.3433398
Pressure Drop

f=
0.0015
s = /62,5 =
993.8856
Pt = f.Gt2.L.n/((5,22E+10).D.s) =
0.00 psi

V2/2g' =
Pr = (4n/s)(V2/2g') =
0.001
0.00 psi
PT = Pt + Pr =
SPESIFIKASI ALAT UNTUK CONDENSER-01

CONDENSOR
0.00 psi
Nama Alat
Kode Alat
Jumlah
Fungsi
: CONDENSOR
: C-01
:1 Buah
Jenis
shell and tube
SHELL
Inside Diameter
:
Pass
:
Tri Angular Pitch
TUBE
31
1
Pass Tube
Inside Diameter
Outside Diameter
Flow Area
Panjang
in
:
:
7.874
Pitch
0.62
in
BWG No.
0.75
in
inside surface
: 0.3020
: 25
ft
ft
outside surface
jumlah tube
fungsi :
type :
dasar pemilihan:

1-2 shell and tube HE (Fixed Tube)
1 Kg
Kg/jam
kj/jam
kg/jam
F
F
F
F
(Kern, 225)
K
K
11866.0372 lb/jam

t1 = Suhu input CW
t2 = Suhu output CW
2.2046
yi
fraksi massa
BM camp
Tc
(K)
0.0015
0.0003
0.9853
0.0130
0.04673207
0.01210337
49.7435038
0.23339487
1.0000
50.0357
Pc
(bar)
512.6
324.7
416.3
647.1
1900.7
Pc
(atm)
yi . Pc
80.97
83.1
66.8
220.55
79.9111553
82.0133013
65.9264564
217.665868
0.11654746
0.027224636
64.95430471
2.819988781
451.4200
445.5168
67.9181
2.0026537594 kg/m3
0.1250256742 lbm/ft3
1 Kg/m3 =
0.06243
Kg/L
995

fase gas
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
lbm/ft3
Cp
Btu/lbs
68784961.2130
6741705.4299
37743553.4385
136634364.2386
yi
0.0015
0.0003
0.9853
0.0130
yi.Cp
Btu/lbs
100320.3178
2237.9355
37186986.9063
1770178.2022
39059723.3618
Cp liquid
C1
276370
Cp
Btu/lbs
999.0143388098
yi
1
yi.Cp
Btu/lbs
999.0143388098
999.0143388098
T
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
[W/(mK)]
Total
data K
C1
6.2E-02
yi.k
W/(m.K)
1.09E+02
1.09E+02
ft
ft
ft =
ft2 =
in2 =
in2 =
1.905
2.38125
1.5748
1.9483832
182.368668
150.781634
cm
cm
ft
78.74
cm
cm2
cm2
cm2
lbf/ft.s
cm
ft
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.jam
0,9375
in
16
0.1623
ft2
0.1963
822
ft2
lb
C1
C2
2.288
3.342
1.817
5.459
0.2685
0.2729
0.25877
0.30542
C3
C4
512.64
324.65
416.25
647.13
2.45E-01
3.22E-01
2.83E-01
8.10E-02
0.564
0.132
0.153
0.345
1.1940
. Yi
0.00082
0.00004
0.15074
0.00447
0.1561
lbm/ft3
e 2-198, perry hal 2-182

c1
c2
c3
c4
3.93E+04
87900
1916.5
29160
9050
2093.8
35.7945
72460
1723
33360
26790
2610.5
C2
-2090.1
C3
C4
c5
53650
-110
44800
8900
C5
8.125 -0.014116 9.3701E-006
896.7
120
780.5
1169
30.1635975 oC =
Bmi
Kg/Jam
32.042
7.9
36.461
1.8
50.488
5,303.0
18.015
69.7
5,382.4
C2
1.39730
303.163598 K
yi
0.0015
0.0003
0.9853
0.0130
1.0000
C3
C4
C1
5.24E-07
2.21E-07
2.97E-07
5.21E-07
C2
3.68E-01
3.47E-01
3.53E-01
3.20E-01
C3
0.00E+00
0
0.00E+00
-2.12E-01
C4
0.00E+00
0
0.00E+00
2.58E-01
k (W/mK)
1.09E-03
2.94E-04
4.52E-04
3.98E-04
k*xi
1.59E-06
9.75E-08
4.45E-04
5.15E-06
4.52E-04
REBOILER MENARA DESTILASI

Fungsi
=
=
Jenis
(Contoh soal page 475)
Untuk menguapkan sebagian hasil bawah menara destilasi

Kettle Reboiler
Menentukan kondisi proses :

Fluida panas melalui tube
Fluida dingin melalui shell
Fluida dingin :
dianggap penguapan terjadi pada suhu tetap
0
t
=
100.0020555
C
212.0037
Fluida panas :
digunakan steam jenuh pada :
T
=
302
150
Hv
271.918
Btu/lb
Qb
3068659.598
Kj/jam
10696.3413
lb/jam
(Kern, Tabel 7)
2908528 Btu/jam
Kebutuhan steam :
S
W
Qr
Sistem pemanas
T1
4856.139
T2
T1
T2
t1
t2
Sistem
Pemanas
t2
t1
Menghitung LMTD (Log Mean Temperature Difference)
Tm Tc t c
tm
Kg/jam
(Kern, 120)
52
Pemilihan UD
Dari tabel 8 kern didapat UD steam-Light organik
UD
=
100
Btu/jam.ft2,0F
Pemilihan alat
Dipilih Tube dengan spesifikasi :
BWG
=
16
OD
=
0.75
ID
=
0.62
ao
=
0.1963
a't
=
0.302
L
=
16
Cek!!!
in
in
ft2/ft
in2
ft
Menghitung Luas Perpindahan Panas
=
=
153432.9799 Kj/jam
145426.3867 Btu/jam
Q
(U D .Tm )
A
(kern,107)
27.96661
ft2
Jumlah Tube
Nt
NT
A
L * ao
(kern,150)
=
8.904296
Dari tabel 9 kern, dipilih ukuran alat :

HE Shell & Tube dengan spesifikasi :
Cek!!!
Shell
ID
Baffle
Pass
Tube
Tube
OD
ID
BWG
Pitch
Passes
a
=
=
=
12
16
8
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
18
1.5
12
16
1.875
6
1.47
koreksi harga A
in
in
in
in
in
12
A N t * L * ao
A
(kern,150)
56.5344
ft2
Koreksi harga UD
UD
Q
A * Tm
UD
(kern,107)
49
Btu/Jam.ft2.0F
Perhitungan Tube side

Tube side, hot fluid (steam)
Koefisien tranfer panas pengembunan steam hio

Flow area :
aT
N T * a' t
144 * n
aT
(Kern, 150)
0.006291667
ft2
Mass velocity :
GT
W
a' t
GT
(Kern, 150)
=
=
steam
=
=
771836.6545 Kg/jam ft2

1700080.737 lb/jam ft2
0.0144
0.0349
cp
lb/j.ft
Reynold Number :
Re t
Re
D* GT
(Kern, 150)
48712915.1
1500
Btu/Jam.ft2.0F
Perhitungan shell side :

Shell side, Cold fluid (Cairan medium organik)
Asumsi ho
300
Btu/Jam.ft2.0F
Temperatur dinding tube
TW t c
ho
Tc t c
hio ho
(Kern, 98)
Tw
258.6666667
Tw
Dari fig 15,11 kern, maka digunakan ho

Menghitung Clean Overall Coeficient
Uc
(hio.ho)
(hio ho)
Uc
(Kern,106)
117.0866626 Btu/jam ft2 0F
Dirt Factor
RD
UC U D
U C *U D
Rd
Rd minimum
=
=
0.0117
0.001
Jam ft2 0F/Btu

Jam ft2 0F/Btu
Pressure Drop tube

2
fGt Ln
Pt
5.22 * 1010 Des
Dari fig 29, kern didapat :
Faktor friks
=
0.0018
Pt
3.2615252895
(Kern,148)
ft2/in2
Psia
127
Btu/Jam.ft2.0F
Spesifik volume stea

=
Sg steam =
0.024446142
4nV 2
Pr
s2 g
Pr
ft3/lb
(Kern,148)
1.472625
PT PT Pr
PT
0.6545
Pressure Drop standar
Psia
(Kern,148)
4.7341502895
Psia
10
Psia
=
=
=
=
302
302
250
250
F
F
0
F
0
F
0
0
tu/Jam.ft2.0F
(kern, 719)
pompa 4
Fungsi
Mengalirkan metil klorida ke tangki produk
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
x
0.001458463
0.000331954
0.985253998
0.012955586
Jumlah
.x
M (kg/jam)
783.9
1.143289111 7.85002981
1193
0.3960210157 1.786708456
915 901.5074077405 5303.030304
995 12.8908076748 69.73213326
915.937525542 5382.399175

11866.037 lb/jam
r
=
57.22346137 lb/cuft
Kapasitas pemompaan
Qf
Qf
207.3631503 cuft/jam
0.0576008751 cuft/dtk

pemompaan (Qf)
=
228.09947 cuft/jam
10%
0.063360963
28.43837307

Di ,opt 3,9 Q f
Di Opt =
0 , 45
0 ,13
1.907080555 inch

2 in
2.38 in
c. Schedule No.
80
1.939 in
2.95 in2

v
metanol =
Qf
3.093072063
A
0.52 Kg/m.s
HCl =
1.5
0.00035 lb/ft.s
0.85 Kg/m.s
0.000571175 lb/ft.s
0.000127415 lb/ft.s
air =
camp =
N Re
N
Re
0.001007955
0.18
0.000120955
Kern, fig 14, 1965 : 823
metil klorid=
Dv
NRe
= 223562.5707

NRe
=
223562.5707
D in
=
1.939 in
0.0490661585 m
e
=
0.000046 m
e/D
=
0.000938

Data :
g=
gc =
Faktor konversi, lb ft/lbfs
32.2
32.174
1 atm
2116.1
P2 = P masuk tangki
1 atm
2116.1
0 ft.lbf/lbm
potensialH ead Z
direncanakan :
Z1
=
Z2
DZ
Potensial Head
g
gc
1m
3.28 ft
2m
1m
6.56 ft
3.28 ft
VelocityHe ad
V 2
2 gc
V1 = V2
Velocity Head
=
0 ft.lbf/lbm

NRe
=
223,562.57
D
1.939 in
e
=
0.000046 m
e/D
=
0.000938
in
0.0490661585 m

Komponen
L/D
Pipa lurus
Elbow 90o
Sharp edge entrance
k = 0,5
pipa lurus vertikal
Jumlah
Panjang (Le) (ft)

1
125
35
13
135
28
1
1
1
1
5.632795
2.092181
21.726495
4.506236
58
1
1
9.334346
8.5
176.792053
f 4f
f
L
v2
D
2g c
6.532987881

ft.lbf/lbm
(-Wf) =
9.815638469 ft.lbf/lbm
Kapasitas (Qf)
=
0.063361 cuft/dtk
2.23E-006 ft2/s
28.43837307
= 0.206860119
pompa=
23%
Bhp
( Wf ) Q f
550
Bhp
=
Broke Horsepower =
0.2813351001 HP
effisiensi motor =
80%
Powermotor
Power motor
Bhp
mot or
0.3516689
Resume :
Kode
Fungsi
Tipe
Jumlah
Kapasitas
Tenaga Pompa
Bahan Kontruksi
Pipa
:
:
:
:
P-04
centrifugal
1
0.2813351 HP
Commercial Steel
D nominal=
OD
ID
Sch
=
=
=
2 in
2.38 in
1.939 in
80
an pertimbangan :
(peters, p.521)
1 kg =
2.2046 lb
1 gr =
0.001 kg
1m =
35.31467 in2
1 cm3 =
1 jam =
1 cuft =
0.000001 m3
3600 dtk
7.480519 gallon
Bahan baku :
Metanol
Kemurnian
H 2O
99.90%
0.10%
100%
cuft/dtk
gallon/mnt
0.19754 ft
0.160937 ft
0.0204848 ft2
ft/dtk
Kg/m.s
lb/ft.s
Kg/m.s
lb/ft.s

ft/s2
lb ft/lbfs2
lbf/ft2
lbf/ft2
0.160937 ft
Panjang (Le) (ft)
velocityhead f
gallon/mnt
Cs
/mnt diperoleh effisiensi ()
HP
1 menit =
1 in =
2
1m=
1 atm =
1 in =
1 Kg/m.s =
60 second
0.006944 ft2
3.28 ft
2116.1 lbf/ft2
0.083 ft
0.67197 lbf/ft.s
Tipe
dasar pemilihan
Perhitungan :
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
kmol/jam massa (Kg/jam) (Kg/m3)

0.2449919
7.85002981
0.0490033
1.7867084561
105.03546 5303.03030362
3.8707818
69.732133262
109.20024 5382.399175149
Densitas campuran =
Volume (m3/jam)
783.9 0.010014
1193 0.001498
915 5.795662
995 0.070083
5.877256
915.8014128865 Kg/m3
57.1734822065 lb/ft3
direncanakan penyimpanan untuk 7 hari dengan 5 buah tangki (memudahkan proses pengisian dan p
penyimpanan =
jumlah tangki =
kebutuhan HCl =
7 hari
5 buah
5382.399175149 Kg/jam
904243.061425 Kg
1993494.25322 lb
selama 1 hari
selama 7 hari

volume tangki =
34867.46261173 ft3
asumsi bahan isi


41840.9551340718 ft3
8368.1910268144 ft3

rasio H/D =
3/8
volume
H=
1
. .D 2 .H
4
11.442864 ft
3.487785 m
D = Diameter
H = Tinggi Tangki
=
Brownel,1977:41-43
3.141593
D=
30.514305 ft
9.3007601 m
digunakan diameter
35 ft
dan
tinggi
16 ft ,maka Vol =
P.d
C
2 . f .E
t
P
d
C
E
f
( H 1)
144
= tebal shell ; in
= stress allowable, bahan konstruksi Carbon Steel SA-283
Grade C, maka f=
12650 psi


Courses 1
H=
16 ft
t1 =
0.2514558 in
0.28 in
Brownell; hal 348

.d weld .length
L
d = diameter dalam tangki + tebal shell;
12n
n = jumlah plate
L1 =
jadi =
10.989884 in
panjang plate =
lebar plate =
tebal plate =
Courses 2
H = 24 ft - 8 ft
t2 =
0.1840127
10.9898838385 in
8 ft
0.28
0.19 in

.d weld .length
L
d = diameter dalam tangki + tebal shell;
12n
n = jumlah plate
L1 =
jadi =
10.987528 in
panjang plate =
lebar plate =
tebal plate =
10.987527644 in
8 ft
0.19

L=
10.990735 ft
th
P.D
2. cos ( f .E 0.6 P )

P=
16.17 Psi
cos 30 =
14.7 psi
10% maka:
0.866
th =
0.365001 in
sin
D
430 .th

D=
th =
sin =
=

0.2230004
12.885 derajat
sin
h=
h
0,5.D
3.9025064 ft
qf =
=
Di =
0.45
x 0,13
(Peters, 4thed, pers.11-45,1991 : 365)


Qf =
1.2106758 ft3/s
Di =
7.1922114 in

D nominal
=
Schedule no
=
OD
=
ID
=
Flow area /pipe
=
8 in
40
8.625 in
7.981 in
50 in2
ya berbentuk kerucut
mospherik
n proses pengisian dan pengosongan)
rownel,1977:41-43
KONVERSI
1 Kg/m3 =
1 Kg
1 hari
1 ft
0.06243 lbm/ft3
2.2046 lb
24 jam
12 inch
0.3048 m
,maka Vol =
2740 bbl
uble welded , E =
85%
si Carbon Steel SA-283
995.65 Kg/m3
62.15843 lb/ft3
rownell; hal 348
ical welded joint
p plate ; ft
15393.8 ft3
435.9033 m3
ical welded joint
p plate ; ft
lah 2 1/2 x 21/2 x 5/16
ngki standar; ft
hickness; in
pers.11-45,1991 : 365)

Basis Mol

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GPM (GROSS PROFIT MARGIN)

(perry's chemical engineers' handbook,8th edition) table 2-153

CH3OH + HCl --> CH3C

dition) table 2-153

H3OH + HCl --> CH3Cl + H2O

faktor scale-up pabrik =

HCl excess 15% agar tidak terbentuk

H2O total produk =

H2O dari metanol + H2O dari HCl + H2O r

2O dari HCl + H2O reaksi

output dari reaktor

Diinginkan konsentrasi HCl bottom 8%

endingin yang bersuhu 10 - 20 C

yang keluar harus bersuhu 30-40 C

Kmol yang terserap :

H2O excess 20% agar pendinginan sempurna =

aang terserap X BM Kmol

Asumsi: metil klorida 5% terserap oleh H2O

maka kebutuhan H2O :

digunakan air proses berlebih 20% untuk menyempurnakan penyerapan

NM komponen CH3OH (A)

karena 99.99% CH3OH berada di distilat maka:

substitusi (4) ke (3)

LAJU ALIR DI DISTILAT =

0.001701062 101.8657441 0.1340338738 5.567787

0.002243511 165.1879689 0.2173525907 5.169852

7.03321E-007 2658.075462 3.4974677132 3.497473

umpan masuk dalam keadaan jenuh (1-q=0), maka q = 1

Komposisi uap (V)

NM komponen H2O (D)

karena 90% H2O berada dibottom maka:

substitusi (2) ke (1)

antoine (gravin Towler, Chemical engineering design)

untuk komponen HCl (B)

( HCl.D x HCl. W)^0.5

XB.F = XB.D + XB.W

untuk komponen metil klorida ( C )

(geankoplis, persamaan 11.7-19)

XC.F = XC.D + XC. W

kemurnian CH3Cl didistilat =

Menghitung stage teoritis (Nm)

L. Average L.D x L.W

kapasitas yang diharapkan =

(gavin Towler, Chemical engineering design)

(Perry, table 2-196 hal 220)

latent heat temperature T, Kj/Kmol

(Perry,table 2-194 hal 211)

Neraca energi total:

entalpi komponen input

neraca energi total

5% dari Q supply (kehilangan maksimum 10

menguapkan methanol dengan bantuan steam

entalpi komponen keluar

y (kehilangan maksimum 10% ) ulrich, hal 432)

geankoplis, steam table A.2-10

engan bantuan steam

8.13E+00 -1.41E-02 9.37E-006

7.09E-02 2.59E-05 -2.85E-08

-7.20E-03 1.25E-05 -3.90E-09

1.01E-01 -3.89E-05 2.57E-09

1.92E-03 1.06E-05 -3.60E-09

talpi komponen keluar

terjadi perubahan fase