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STARTING SYSTEM
FUEL SYSTEM
COOLING & SEALING AIR SYSTEM
COOLING WATER SYSTEM
ATOMIZING AIR SYSTEM
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
COMPRESSOR WATER WASHING
GAS TURBINE MAINTENANCE
STEAM TURBINE
STEAM
HP/IP
MW
LP
LOAD
STEAM
GENERATOR (BOILER)
LOAD
AIR INLET
COMPRESSOR
TURB
MW
HEAT ENGINE
A DEVICE THAT CONVERTS HEAT
INTO WORK IS KNOWN AS HEAT
ENGINE
EXAMPLE :
- Petrol Engine
- Diesel Engine
- Gas Turbine Engine
- Steam Engine
HEAT ENGINE
High Temperature Source
Output
W
Heat Engine
Heat Sink
Otto Cycle
Pressure (P)
1 - 2 Compression
2 - 3 Combustion
3 - 4 Expansion
4 - 1 Exhaust
4
2
1
Volume (V)
DIESEL CYCLE
Pressure (P)
3
1 - 2 Compression
2 - 3 Combustion
3 - 4 Expansion
4 - 1 Exhaust
1
Volume (V)
BRAYTON CYCLE
(Constant Pressure Cycle)
Pressure (P)
2
1 - 2 Compression
2 - 3 Combustion
3 - 4 Expansion
4 - 1 Exhaust
Volume (V)
2
c
b
t
c = compressor
b = burners
t = turbine
GENERATOR
3
1 AIR
When the Brayton Cycle is worked out for a steady flow
process, we have a simple gas turbine cycle.
In a simple gas turbine cycle, combustion & exhaust occur
at constant pressure and compression & expansion occur
continuously.
Accessory Compartment
Several system involved in turbine operation located in this
section :
1. Starting Mean
2. Fuel System
3. Lubrication & Seal Oil System
4. Hydraulic System
5. Cooling Water System
6. Atomizing Air System
Major components - starting motor, torque converter &
accessory drive gear.
Compressor Section
The Axial flow Compressor section consists of :
1. Compressor Rotor
2. Enclosing Casing
Within the compressor casing are Inlet guide Vanes (IGV), 17 stages
of rotor & stator airfoil-shaped blades and exit guide vanes.
Combustion System
The combustion system is a reverse-flow type with 14
combustion chambers arranged around the periphery of the
compressor discharge casing.
The major components consists of :
1. Fuel nozzles
2. Spark plug ignition system
3. Ultraviolet flame detector
4. Combustion wrapper
5. Combustion chamber - comb. liners & transition piece
6. Crossfire tubes
Turbine Section
The three-stage turbine section is the area where energy, in
the form of high temperature pressurized gas produced by
the compressor & combustion sections, is converted to
mechanical energy.
Major components in the turbine section are :
1. Turbine rotor - consists of two wheel shafts, the 1st., 2nd. & 3rd.
Stage turbine wheel with buckets & two
turbine spacers.
2. Turbine stator - consists of turbine shell and exhaust frame.
Turbine stationary nozzles, diaphragm, shroud, bearing no. 3 &
exhaust diffuser are internally supported from these components.
Bearings
The MS9000 gas turbine unit contain three main journal
bearings used to support the gas turbine rotor & thrust
bearing to maintain rotor to stator axial position & support
thrust load developed on the rotor.
No. Class
Type
1
1
1
2
3
Loaded
Unloaded
Journal
Journal
Journal
2.
Lub. oil
Hydraulic/heater
Air
Fuel/flow/fire
diesel/divider
Clutch/Compressor/Co2
Trip/turbine
Purge
Water/warm
Stop/speed/start
Gas
Alarm/accessory/air/atomization
booster/bleed
R Cooling/control
S Divider/differential
T Emergency
V Fuel
Gas
Heater/high
Low level/liquid
Middle/medium/minimum
Normal
Pressure/Pump
Lub. oil
Release/ratio/rachet
Start
Turbine/trip/tank
Valve/Vane
Overspeed mechanism
77 -
Speed senser
20
23
26
33
39
43
45
49
63
65
71
Solenoid valve
Heating device
Temperature switch
Limit switch
Vibration detector
Manual switch
Fire detector
Overload protection
Pressure switch
Servo. Valve
Level detecting system
88 90 96 -
Electric motor
Modulating valve
Pressure transmitter
Starting System
Like other internal combustion engines, a gas turbine
cannot produce torque at zero speed.
The starting mean system is used to start the gas turbine
rolling, crank it to firing speed and assist the fired turbine
to self-sustaining speed.
This is accomplished by an induction motor starting device
operating through a torque converter coupled to the
accessory gear.
This arrangement provides the cranking torque for turbine
start-up. For shutdown, this continues to rotate the turbine
rotor at slow speed for cool down purposes.
Gas Fuel
The gas fuel system is designed to deliver gas fuel to the turbine
combustion chambers at the proper pressures & flow rates to meet all
of the starting, accelerating, loading requirements of gas turbine
operation. Major components are :
1. Pneumatic block valve VA27-1
2. Y-type strainer
3. Gas stop/speed ratio (VSR) & control (VGC) valve
4. Fuel gas low pressure alarm switch 63FG
5. Gas pressure gauges & vent valves
6. Gas fuel hydraulic trip relay VH5
7. Valve control servo-valves
8. Valve control LVDTs
9. Gas manifolds to Comb. chambers.
10. Fuel metering system
Liquid Fuel
The liquid fuel system pumps and distributes fuel supplied from offbase fuel forwarding system to the fourteen fuel nozzles of the
combustion system.
The fuel system filters the fuel & divides the fuel flow into 14 equal
parts for distribution to the combustion chamber at the required
pressure & flow rates.
Fuel pump bypass VC3 regulates the amount of fuel input to the
turbine combustion chamber by varying amount of bypassed fuel. If
valve closes, less fuel is circulated around the pump and more fuel
goes to the combustors & vice versa.
The position of the bypass valve is a linear function of the Fuel Stroke
Reference (FSR) generated by the Speedtronic Mark V Control.
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