Prokaryotic cells

&
Eukaryotic Cells
 WHAT ARE PROKARYOTES?
PROKARYOTES
 Prokaryotes are evolutionarily ancient. They were
here first and for billions of years, the only form of
life.
 Morphology of prokaryotic cells
 Prokaryotic cells have various shapes; the
four basic shapes are:-

 Cocci - spherical ;eg:- meningococcal

 Bacilli - rod shaped ; eg :- E.coli
 Spirochaete - spiral shaped ; eg:- Borrelia
 Vibrio - comma shaped ;eg:- V.cholerae
 WHAT ARE EUKARYOTES?
 Eukaryotic cells are more complex, evolving from
a prokaryote-like predecessor.
 Eukaryotic organisms can either be single-celled
or multi-celled.
 Types
of
Eucaryotic cell

PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL FUNGAL CELL

COMPARISON
ACCORDING TO
FEATURES
 SIZE RANGE
Procaryotic cell Eucaryotic cell
- 1-2 by 1-4 mc m - Greater than 5 mc m
 Genetic system location

 Nucleoid,  Nucleus,
chromatin body, mitochondria,
or nuclear chloroplasts.
material.
 Structure of nucleus
 Not bounded by  Bounded by
nuclear membrane nuclear membrane
 One circular  More than one
chromosome. chomosome.
 Sexuality.
Zygote nature is Zygote is diploid
merozygotic

The picoplankton green alga Ostreococcus

 Cytoplasmic structure and nature
Procaryotic cells Eucaryotic cells
Cytoplasmic streaming Absent Present

Pinocytosis Absent Present

Gas vacuoles Can be present Absent
Mesosome Present Absent
Ribosomes 70 S, distributed in d 80S, arrayed on membranes
cytoplasm. as in endoplasmic reticulum,
70S,in mitochondria and
chloroplasts.
Mitochondria Absent Present
Chloroplasts Absent May be present
Golgi bodies Absent Present
Endoplasmic reticulum Absent Present
Membrane bound ( true) Absent present
vacuoles
 Outer cell structures
Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells

Cytoplamic membrane Do not contain sterols, Sterols present

contain photosynthetic Do not contain
and photosynthetic
respiratory machinery machinery
generally

Cell wall Petidoglycan Abs of peptidoglycan

Locomotor organelles Simple fibril Multifibrilled with”9+2”

microtubules.

Pseudopodia Absent Present in some

 Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells

Metabolic Wide variety, Glycolysis is

mechanisms Anaerobic pathway for
energy-yielding anaerobic
reactions, energy- yielding
Some fix mechanism.
nitrogen gas;