Me 2351 Gas Dynamics & Jet Propulsion: Objectives

ME 2351 GAS DYNAMICS & JET PROPULSION
Objectives:
• To understand the basic difference between incompressible
and compressible flow
• To gain knowledge about flow through variable area ducts
(namely nozzles and diffusers ) and constant area ducts
• To study the phenomenon of shock waves and its effect on
flow
• To gain basic knowledge about jet and rocket propulsion
Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Engg , St Joseph's College of Engg
Syllabus

Syllabus


Unit I Compressible Flow Fundamentals
Gas Dynamics:
What is Gas Dynamics?
•Fluid dynamics of compressible flows
•Deals with dynamics and thermodynamics of compressible flows
•Takes into account compressibility (which Fluid Mechanics does not consider)
Applications:
•Steam and Gas Turbines
•High Speed Turbocompressors
•High Speed Aerodynamics
•Rocket and Missile Propusion
Properties considered:
Temperature, Pressure, Density, Internal Energy, Enthalpy,
Entropy and viscosity

What must be known? (Prerequisites):

Laws:
•First Law of Thermodynamics (Energy Equation)
•Second Law of Thermodynamics (Entropy Relations)
•Law of Conservation of Mass (Continuity Equation)
•Newton’s Second Law of Motion(Momentum Equation)
Terms:
•Fluid
•System
•Control Volume
•State
•Process
•Cycle


Terms:
•Property
•Continuum
•Pure Substance
•Pressure
•Density
•Equillibrium
•Temperature
•Energy
•Work
•Heat
•Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
•First Law of Thermodynamics
•Specific Heats
•Ideal and Real Gases and the equations applicable

Terms:
•Second Law of Thermodynamics
•Reversible Flow, Irreversible Flow
•Adiabatic Process
•Change of Entropy
•Third Law of Thermodynamics
•Isentropic Process
•Bulk Modulus of Elasticity
•Coefficient of Compressibility
•Streamline
•Stream Tube
•Incompressible Flow
•Compressible Flow
•Steady Flow

Terms:
•Unsteady Flow
•Flow and Non- Flow Processes
•Viscosity
•Reynolds Number
•Laminar and Turbulent Flow
•Coefficient of Skin Friction
•Mach Number
•Properties of Atmosphere:

Energy Equation:
The Energy Equation for the CV is:
1 2
h1  C1  gZ1  q 
2
1 2
h2  C2  gZ 2  wS
WS 2
Generally g(Z2-Z1) is negligible;

Z2
Z1 Q 1 2 1 2
h2  C2  wS
h1  C1  q 
2 2
Datum Z = 0
Adiabatic Energy Equation for the CV is:

1 2 1 2
h1  C1  h2  C2  wS
2 2
Energy Equation:
Work in flow process when the changes in KE is negligible,
2
wS  h1  h2    dh
1
2
wS   c p  dT
1
wS   c p (T1  T2 )
Work in a reversible flow process, ws:
wS    vdp

Energy Equation:
•Equation for Adiabatic Energy Transformation
1 2 1 2
h1  C1  h2  C2
2 2
•Stagnation Enthalpy h0( of a gas is its enthalpy when it is adiabatically
decelerated to zero velocity at Z=0)
p0
T0
Flow
C=0
h0
p, T, C
Large settling chamber

1
•Using Adiabatic Energy Transformation Eqn, h0  h  C 2
2
Energy Equation:
• Stagnation Temperature T0( of a gas is its temperature when it is adiabatically

decelerated to zero velocity at Z=0):
From Stagnation enthalpy equation,
1
c pT0  c pT  C 2
2
C2
T0  T 
2c p Velocity temperature Tc
T0 C2
 1
T 2c p T
T0 C2
 1
T 2 RT (  1)

Energy Equation:
• Stagnation Temperature T0:

2
But, RT  a 2 ; c  M 2
2
a
Therefore,
T0  1 2
 1 M
T 2
• Stagnation Velocity of Sound:
a0  RT0
 1
Substituting, R cp
 a0  (  1)c pT0
a0  (  1)h0
Energy Equation:
• Stagnation Pressure (the pressure of a fluid which is attained when it is

decelerated to zero velocity at zero elevation):
  1   1
p0  T0    1 2 
   1  M 
p T   2 
• Stagnation density:
1
  p0 

 0  p 
1  1 1  1
T    1 2 
 0  1  M 
T   2 

Energy Equation:
• Stagnation State(the state of a fluid attained by decelerating to zero velocity at

zero elevation):
T p0 p0’
T0
0







































































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ME 2351 GAS DYNAMICS & JET PROPULSION

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

What must be known? (Prerequisites):

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

What must be known? (Prerequisites):

What must be known? (Prerequisites):

What must be known? (Prerequisites):

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

The Energy Equation for the CV is:

Generally g(Z2-Z1) is negligible;

Adiabatic Energy Equation for the CV is:

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

•Stagnation Enthalpy h0( of a gas is its enthalpy when it is adiabatically

decelerated to zero velocity at Z=0)

Large settling chamber

• Stagnation Temperature T0( of a gas is its temperature when it is adiabatically

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

• Stagnation Temperature T0:

• Stagnation Pressure (the pressure of a fluid which is attained when it is

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

• Stagnation State(the state of a fluid attained by decelerating to zero velocity at

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech

Dr. S. Arivazhagan, Professor of Mech