STUDII DE CAZ

 $6,*85$5($ &$17,7 ,, 1(&(6$5( '( 0$7(5,, 35,0(

PENTRU FABRICAREA CIMENTULUI

3HQWUXDVLJXUDUHDGHVI úXU ULLHILFLHQWHDSURFHVXOXLWHKQRORJLFRvQWUHSULQGHUHSURGXF WRDUH

GH FLPHQW DUH vQ DWHQ LH vQ SULPXO UkQG DVLJXUDUHD FDOLWDWLY  úL FDQWLWDWLY   D PDWHULLORU SULPH

$FHDVWD VH UHDOL]HD]  SH ED]D XQXL SURJUDP GH DSURYL]LRQDUH FDUH SUHVXSXQH VXUV  IXUQL]RU

GLUHFWLQGLUHFW WUDQVSRUW IUHFYHQ D OLYU ULORU YROXPXO IRQGXOXL ILQDQFLDU QHFHVDU DFHVWHL DFWLYLW L

etc.) cDUH VH GHVI úRDU  vQ IXQF LH GH QRUPD GH FRQVXP SH R DQXPLW  SHULRDG  GH WLPS Norma
UHVSHFWLY  UH]XOW  GLQ VSHFLILFD LD WHKQRORJLF  FDUH SUHFL]HD]  FRQIRUP UH HWHL UHFHSWXULL GH

IDEULFD LHDFLPHQWXOXLFDOLWDWHDúLFDQWLWDWHDPDWHULLORUSULPH

Tema proiectului: V VHFDOFXOH]HFDQWLWDWHDGHPDWHULLSULPHQHFHVDU DQXDOSHQWUXRvQWUHSULQGHUH

de fabricare a cimHQWXOXLFDUHDUHSURJUDPDW RDnumLW SURGXF LHGHFLPHQWDQXDO vQFRQIRUPLWDWH
FXFDSDFLWDWHDGHSURGXF LHGLVSRQLELO 

Datele necesare rezoOY ULLSURLHFWXOXLVXQWSUH]HQWDWHvQWDEHOHOHúL

Tabelul 6.1 Caracteristicile cimentului
Nr. Caracteristicile cimentului UM 1RWD LD Variante
crt. 0 1 2 3 4 5
1. 3URGXF LDGHFLPHQWSURJUDPDW Kt/an P 100 110 120 130 140 150
2. $GDRVGH]JXU WLSIXUQDO % az 20 21 20 21 20 21
3. CaSO4Â2H2O în gips % C 70 71 72 71 72 70
4. Gradul de saturare al clincherului în CaO - SK 0,95 0,94 0,93 0,93 0,94 0,93
5. 0RGXOXO GH DOXPLQ  DO- MAl 1,2 1,1 1,2 1,1 1,2 1,1
6. cimentului % din P p 5 6,5 6 6 5,5 6
Pierderi prin praf

Tabelul 6.2.&RPSR]L LDPDWHULLORUSULPHvQSURFHQWH

Nr. Componente CaO SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 SO3 Oxizi Gaze
crt.
Materii prime
1. Calcar 49,8 3,9 2,4 0,7 0,5 0,4 42,3
2. 0DUQ 15,8 46,5 11,2 4,1 - 1,9 20,5
3. &HQXú SLULWLF 4,2 28,9 4,5 60,3 0,6 0,6 0,9

ÌQJHQHUDOFLPHQWXOPDLFRQ LQH

ƒ SO3, notat Sc = 2,5%

ƒ 8PLGLWDWHvQ]JXU X 

ƒ 8PLGLWDWHvQPDUQ Y 

Etapele de calcul
&RPSR]L LDDPHVWHFXOXLEUXW

&DQWLWDWHDQHFHVDU GHPDWHULLSULPH

%LODQ XOGHPDWHULDOH

5HOD LLOHGHFDOFXO

&RPSR]L LDDPHVWHFXOXLEUXW
 1.1. Alegerea materiilor prime
0DWHULDSULP IRORVLW SHQWUXIDEULFDUHDFLPHQWXOXLVHFRPSXQHGLQFDOFDUPDUQ úL FHQXú 

SLULWLF  FX FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH GDWH vQ WDEHOXO  Compo]L LD DFHVWRUD vQ úDUM  UHVSHFW  UHFHSWXUD GH

IDEULFD LHFRQIRUPGDWHORUGLQWDEHOXO

&DOFXOXOFDQWLW ilor de materii prime

3URGXF LDUHDO GHFLPHQW

3HQWUX VWDELOLUHD FDQWLW LORU DQXDOH GH PDWHULL SULPH QHFHVDUH WUHEXLH V  VH FXQRDVF  SURGXF LD

UHDO GHFLPHQW3c FDUHVHFDOFXOHD] FXUHOD LD

Pc= P (1 + p) , t/an [1]

unde: P –SURGXF LDGHFLPHQWSURJUDPDW WDQWDEHOXO
p – pierderile de ciment prin praf, kg/t ciment (tabelul 4.3.1)

1.2.2. CaOFXOXOSURFHQWHORUGHSDUWLFLSDUHDILHF UXLFRPSRQHQWODúDUMDGHPDWHULLSULPH

/DILHFDUHúDUM FRPSRQHQWHOHGHPDWHULHSULP SDUWLFLS FXXUP WRDUHOHSURFHQWH

- calcar, X%
- PDUQ <
- FHQXú SLULWLF =
$FHVWH SURFHQWH VH GHWHUPLQ  GLQ gradul de saturare în CaO DO FOLQFKHUXOXL úL modulul de

DOXPLQ  DO FLPHQQWXOXL vQ FDUH VH LQH VHDPD GH UDSRUWXO PRODU GH SDUWLFLSDUH DO FRPSRQHQ LORU -

SURFHQWXOFXFDUHILHFDUHFRPSRQHQWSDUWLFLS ODUHDOL]DUHDFDQWLW LORUGHR[L]LFRQIRUPWDEHOXOXL

- gradul de saturare în CaO:

CaO %
SK =
2,8SiO 2 + 1,1Al 2 O 3 % + 0,7 Fe 2 O 3 %

- PRGXOXOGHDOXPLQ 

Al 2 O 3 %
M Al =
Fe 2 O 3 %
Raportul de participare al calcarului este 1, al marnei yDOFHQXúHLSLULWLFHz.
Se înlocuiesc aceste valori în formulele de calcul anterioare:

49 ,8 ⋅ 1 + 15 ,8 ⋅ y + 4 , 2 ⋅ z
SK =
2 ,8 (3,9 ⋅ 1 + 46 ,5 ⋅ y + 28 ,9 ⋅ z )+ 1,1(2 , 4 ⋅ 1 + 11, 2 ⋅ y + 4 ,5 ⋅ z )+ 0 ,7 (0 ,7 ⋅ 1 + 4 ,1 ⋅ y + 60 ,3 ⋅ z )

2,4 ⋅ 1 + 11,2 ⋅ y + 4,5 ⋅ z

M Al =
0,7 ⋅ 1 + 4,1 ⋅ y + 60,3 ⋅ z

6H RE LQH XQ VLVWHP GH GRX  HFXD LL FX GRX  QHFXQRVFXWH 'LQ UH]ROYDUHDVLVWHPXOXL UH]XOW 

rapoartele de participare y –SHQWUXPDUQ úL z –SHQWUXFHQXú SLULWLF 

Raportul molar de participare este:

calcar : marQ FHQXú   y:z
$PHVWHFXOGHPDWHULLSULPHSRWULYLWUH HWHLGHIDEULFD LHYDILDOF WXLWGLQ y + zS U L
 3ULQXUPDUHSURFHQWHOHFRPSRQHQ LORUODIRUPDUHDúDUMHLYRUIL

1
- calcar X= ⋅ 100 , %
1+ y + z
y
- PDUQ Y= ⋅ 100 , %
1+ y + z
z
- FHQXú SLULWLF Z= ⋅ 100 , %
1+ y + z

&DOFXOXOSURFHQWXOXLGHFRPSXúLJD]RúLGLQPDWHULDSULP

3URFHQWXO DFHVWRU FRPSXúL JD]RúL g VH FDOFXOHD]  vQkQG VHDPD GH SURFHQWHOH vQ FDUH VH

J VHVFDFHúWLDvQFRPSRQHQWHOHPDWHULHLSULPHúLHVWHHJDOFX

X Y Z
g = 42,3 ⋅ + 20,5 ⋅ + 0,9 ⋅ , %
100 100 100
1.2.4. Calculul procentului de SO3 din clincher
Procentul de SO36GLQFOLQFKHUVHFDOFXOHD] FXIRUPula:
S = Sc – s
unde: Sc – procentul de SO3 din ciment;
s – procentul de SO3GLQPDWHULDSULP 
Procentul de SO3 GLQ PDWHULD SULP  FDOFDU úL FHQXú  SLULWLF  V  VH FDOFXOHD]  IRORVLQG

datele din tabelul 4.3.2:

X Z
s = 0,5 + 0,6 , %
100 100

&DQWLWDWHDQHFHVDU GHPDWHULLSULPH

2.1. &DOFXOXOFDQWLW LLGHJLSVDG XJDW ODP FLQDUH

Cantitatea de gips, mg DG XgDW ODP FLQDUHVHFDOFXOHD] FXIRUPXOD

f 100
mg= Pc ⋅ S ⋅ ⋅ , t/an
100 C
unde: f - factor de transformare;
C -FRQ LQXWXOGHVXOIDWGHFDOFLXKLGUDWDW&D624 ⋅ 2H2O) din gips.
Factorul de transformare, f , este egal cu raportul maselor moleculare ale CaSO4 ⋅ 2H22 úL
SO3 ( M CaSO4 ⋅2 H 2O = 172, M SO3 = 80);
172
5H]XOW I  = 2,15
80
&DOFXOXOFDQWLW LLGH]JXU

&DQWLWDWHDGH]JXU PZ(1) LQWURGXV vQFOLQFKHUODP FLQDUHHVWHHJDO FX

mZ(1)= Pc aZ , t/an
100 − u
unde: aZ –SURFHQWXODGDRVXOXLGH]JXU GHWLSIXUQDOWDEHOXO
u –SURFHQWXOGHXPLGLWDWHGLQ]JXU 
&DQWLWDWHDGH]JXU XVFDW PZ(2) VHFDOFXOHD] FXIRUPXOD

aZ
mZ(2)= Pc , t/an
100
 &DOFXOXOFDQWLW LLGHFOLQFKHU

Cantitatea de clincher, mclincherVHFDOFXOHD] FXIRUPXOD

mclincher = Pc – (mg+ mZ(1)) , t/an

&DOFXOXOFDQWLW LLDPHVWHFXOXLGHPDWHULLSULPH

Masa amestecului de materii prime, maVHFDOFXOHD] FXIRUPXOD

m
ma= clincher , t/an
g
1−
100
&DOFXOXOFDQWLW LLFRPSRQHQ LORUPDWHULHLSULPH

- cantitatea de calcar       Pc = ma⋅

X
, t/an
100
- FDQWLWDWHD GH PDUQ       Pm = ma⋅
Y
, t/an
100
- FDQWLWDWHD GH PDUQ  XPHG        Pu = m m⋅
100
, t/an
100 − v
unde: v –XPLGLWDWHDGLQPDUQ 
- FDQWLWDWHD GH FHQXú  GLQ SLULW    Pcp = ma⋅
Z
, t/an
100
&DOFXOXOFDQWLW LLGHDS

&DQWLWDWHDGHDS aLQWURGXV vQúDUM HVWH

a = (mu - mm) + (mZ(1) – mZ(2)) , t/an

3. %LODQ XO GH PDWHULDOH 6H vQWRFPHúWH LQkQG FRQW GH FDQWLW LOH GH PDWHULDOHOH LQWUDWH úL LHúLWH vQ

SURFHVXOGHIDEULFD LH

Materiale intrate Cantitate Materiale rezultate Cantitate

t/an % t/an %
- Calcar - ciment
-PDUQ FXDS  - gaze
-FHQXú SLULWLF -DS
-]JXU FXDS  - pierderi în praf (5%)
- gips - pierderi generale
7RWDOLQWU UL 100 7RWDOLHúLUL

100

Exemplu numeric
Exemplificarea calculelor se va face pentru varianta „zero” din tabelul 6.1.
1. &RPSR]L LDDPHVWHFXOXLEUXW

1.1. Alegerea materiilor prime

&DOLWDWLYFRQIRUPUHFHSWXULLGHIDEULFD LHWDEHOXO
 &DOFXOXOFDQWLW LORUGHPDWHULLSULPH

13URGXF LDUHDO GHFLPHQW

Pc= P (1 + p) = 105 (1 + 5/100 ) =105000 t/an

&DOFXOXOSURFHQWXOXLGHSDUWLFLSDUHDILHF UXLFRPSRQHQWODúDUMDGHPDWHULLSULPH

Procentele de participare vor fi:

- calcar................ X%
- PDUQ <

- FHQXú SLULWLF =

$FHVWHDVHYRUGHWHUPLQDFXDMXWRUXOUDSRUWXOXLPRODUGLQWUHPDWHULLOHSULPHSDUWLFLSDQWHODúDUM 

FDOFDUPDUQ FHQXú SLULWLF

Se ia în calcul raportul de participare

- pentru calcar = 1
- penWUXPDUQ  y
- SHQWUXFHQXúDSLULWLF  z
ÌQORFXLQG DFHVWH YDORUL vQ IRUPXOHOH GH FDOFXO SHQWUX JUDGXO GH VDWXUDUH DO FOLQFKHUXOXL úL SHQWUX

PRGXOXOGHDOXPLQ DOFLPHQWXOXLVHRE LQH

49,8 ⋅ 1 + 15,8 ⋅ y + 4,2 ⋅ z

SK = = 0,95
2,8(3,9 ⋅ 1 + 46,5 ⋅ y + 28,9 ⋅ z )+ 1,1(2,4 ⋅ 1 + 11,2 ⋅ y + 4,5 ⋅ z )+ 0,7 (0,7 ⋅1 + 4,1 ⋅ y + 60,3 ⋅ z )

2,4 ⋅ 1 + 11,2 ⋅ y + 4,5 ⋅ z

M Al = = 1,2
0,7 ⋅ 1 + 4,1 ⋅ y + 60,3 ⋅ z
Avem date în tabelul 4.3.1 valorile:
SK = 0,95
MAl = 1,2
,QORFXLQG vQ UHOD LL UH]XOW  VLVWHPXO GH GRX  HFXD LL FX GRX  QHFXQRVFXWH \ – raportul de
SDUWLFLSDUHPRODU SHQWUXPDUQ úL] UDSRUWXOGHSDUWLFLSDUHPRODU SHQWUXFHQXúDSLULWLF 
-
122,32 z + 117,48 y = 36,45
6,28 z - 67,86 y = - 1,56
5H]ROYDUHDVLVWHPXOXLFRQGXFHODVROX LLOH

y úL]  YDORULOHUHSUH]HQWkQGS U LGLQDPHVWHF

Prin urmare raportul molar:

FDOFDUPDUQ FHQXú SLULWLF   5 : 0,046
$PHVWHFXOFRQIRUPUH HWHLGHIDEULFD LHHVWH S UW L

3URFHQWHOHGHSDUWLFLSDUHDOHPDWHULLORUSULPHODúDUMDGHDPHVWHFYRUIL

ƒ calcarul, X = (1/1,296)⋅  77,16%

ƒ marna, Y = (0,25/1,296)⋅  19,29%
ƒ FHQXúDSLULWLF , Z = (0,046/1,296)Â 3,55%
&DOFXOXOSURFHQWXOXLGHFRPSXúLJD]RúLGLQPDWHULDSULP

X Y Z
g = 42,3⋅ + 20,5 ⋅ + 0,9⋅ = 42,3 ⋅ 0,772 + 20,5 ⋅ 0,193 + 0,9 ⋅ 0,355 = 36,62%
100 100 100
1.2.4. Calculul procentului de SO3 din clincher, S
S = Sc – s = 2,5 – 0,407 = 2,093 

unde : Sc = 2,5
X Z
s = 0,5 + 0,6 = 0,5 ÂÂ  
0,41 %
100 100

2. &DQWLW LOHQHFHVDUHGHPDWHULLSULPH

&DOFXOXOFDQWLW LLGHJLSVDG XJDW ODP FLQDUH mg

3
mg = Pc (S Â f/100)& Â (2,093Â 6,75 Â3 t/an
&DOFXOXOFDQWLW LLGH]JXU , mz
D&DQWLWDWHDGH]JXU PZ(1) LQWURGXV vQFOLQFKHUODP FLQDUHHVWHHJDO FX

mZ(1)= Pc a Z = 100,5 Â3 Â 20 = 22,105 Â3 t/an

100 − u 100 − 5
b) &DQWLWDWHDGH]JXU XVFDW

aZ
mZ(2)= Pc = 105Â3 (20/100) = 21 Â3 t/an
100

&DOFXOXOFDQWLW LLGHFOLQFKHU mclincher

mclincher = Pc – (mg+ mZ(1)) = 105 Â3 – ( 6,75 + 22,105)Â3 = 76,145Â3 t/an

&DOFXOXOFDQWLW Li amestecului de materii prime, ma

m clincher 76,145 ⋅ 100
m a= = = 120,140 ⋅ 103 t/an
1−
g 100 − 36,62
100
&DOFXOXOFDQWLW LLFRPSRQHQ LORUPDWHULHLSULPH

-
cantitatea de calcar   mc = ma ; 

120,140Â103 (77,16/100) = 92,70Â103 t/an

- cantitateD GH PDUQ   Pm= ma < 

120,140Â (19,29/100) = 23,175Â103 t/an

3

- FDQWLWDWHD GH PDUQ  XPHG     Pu= mmÂ

[100/(100-v)] =23,175 (100/95) = 24,395Â 103

t/an
unde: v – umiditateDGLQPDUQ  
- FDQWLWDWHDGHFHQXú GLQSLULW  Pcp= maÂ= 

120,140Â 03(3,55/100) = 4,260 . 103 t/an

2.6. &DOFXOXOFDQWLW LLGHDS
&DQWLWDWHDGHDS aLQWURGXV vQúDUM HVWH

a = (mu - mm) + (mZ(1) – mZ(2)) = (24,394 – 23,175) Â03 - (22,105 – 21) Â3 = 0,114 t/an
 3. %LODQ XOGHPDWHULDOH

&XUH]XOWDWHOHRE LQXWHVHvQWRFPHúWHELODQ XOGHPDWHULDOHWDEHOXO

Tabel 63. %LODQ XOGHPDWHULDOHDQXDO

Materiale intrate Cantitate Materiale rezultate Cantitate
t/an % t/an %
- Calcar 92700 62,20 - ciment 105000 70,45
-PDUQ FXDS  23175 15,55 - gaze 35826 24,04
-FHQXú SLULWLF 4260 2,86 -DS 2324 1,56
-]JXU FXDS  22105 14,86 - pierderi în praf (5%) 5250 3,52
- gips 6750 4,53 - pierderi generale 635 0,43
7RWDOLQWU UL 149035 100 7RWDOLHúLUL 149035 100

PrecL] ULODWDEHOXO

Materiale rezultate:
- FRQ LQXWXOGHJD]HUH]XOWDWH: = 36,62 %
FRQ LQXWXOGHJD]H623) din ciment = 2,50 %
34,12 % din 105000 t ciment → 35826 t
- PDUQ XPHG FXDS  W]JXU XPHG FXDS  W

PDUQ XVFDW  .......... = 23175 t ]JXU XVFDW « 21000 t

DS 1 WDS 2 = 1150 t

tRWDODS  DS 1DS 2 = 2324 t

- pierderile de ciment, în prafVXQWUDSRUWDWHODSURGXF LDRE LQXW DGLF   5250 t

- pierderile generale:
7RWDOLQWU UL - Total materiale rezultate = 149035 – 148400 = 635 t
7RWDOPDWHULDOHUH]XOWDWH FLPHQWJD]HDS SLHUGHULvQSUDI  000 + 35826 +2324 + 5250 = 148400 t)
 326,%,/,7 ,'(5('8&(5($&216808/8,(1(5*(7,&

Ì1&$'58/81(,5$),1 5,,'( , (,

1. Justificarea proiectului
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EHQ]LQH ODPSDQW PRWRULQ  úL S FXU  6H FRQVLGHU  FD]XO XQHL UDILQ ULL DOF WXLW  GLQWU -o serie de
LQVWDOD LLLQWHUFRQHFWDWHvQWUHHOHFRQIRUPXUP WRDUHLVFKHPH

*$=(5$),1 5,(

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R.C. -UHIRUPDUHFDWDOLWLF &&-FUDFDUHFDWDOLWLF
úL- linii de alimentare

'LYHUVHOH LQVWDOD LL DOH UDILQ ULHL VXQW FRQVXPDWRDUH GH HQHUJLH WHUPLF  FDUH VH RE LQH SULQ

DUGHUHDXQHLS U LGLQS FXUDUH]XOWDW ODGLVWLODUHDDWPRVIHULF '$

ÌQFDGUXODF LXQLLGHHFRQRPLVLUHDHQHUJLHLVHSURSXQH

- vQORFXLUHD S FXUHL IRORVLW  GUHSW FRPEXVWLELO FX JD]HOH UH]XOWDWH vQ UDILQ ULH 6H YRU

valorifica DVWIHO  GLQ JD]HOH GH OD GLVWLODUHD DWPRVIHULF  úL FUDFDUHD FDWDOLWLF 

considerându-OHGRDUFXFRQ LQXWGHPHWDQIUDF LH&1);

- HVWLPDUHDVSRUXOXLGHSURGXVHDOEHRE LQXWHSULQGLVSRQLELOL]DUHDS FXULL

2. Tema de proiect
6  VH VWXGLH]H SRVLELOLWDWHD HFRQRPLVLULL S FXUHL  vQWU R UDILQ ULH GH L HL SULQ vQORFXLUHD
-
DFHVWHLDFXJD]HGHODGLVWLODUHDDWPRVIHULF úLGHODFUDFDUHDFDWDOLWLF 

Etape de lucru:
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FRQGL LLOH vQ  FDUH WRDW   FDQWLWDWHD GH S FXU  UH]XOWDW  OD GLVWLODUHD DWPRVIHULF  VH

SUHOXFUHD] ODGLVWLODUHDvQYLG
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de enerJLHWHUPLF 
3) Estimarea sporului de produse albH 3$  EHQ]LQ  ODPSDQW PRWRULQ  vQ FRQGL LLOH

DUGHULLDGLQJD]vQORFXOS FXULL

4)

3. Datele de intrare
5DILQ ULD OXDW  vQ VWXGLX DUH R FDSDFLWDWH GH SUHOXFUDUH GH  W L HLDQ úL IXQF LRQHD]  vQ

regim continuu timp de 330 zile/an.

Se valorLILF GLQJD]HOHGHUDILQ ULHSHQWUXDUGHUHvQORFXOS FXUHL

3H OLQLD GHDOLPHQWDUH VSUH LQVWDOD LD GH FUDFDUH FDWDOLWLF  VH YDORULILF    GLQ PRWRULQD GH

GLVWLODUHDWPRVIHULF 

Celelalte GDWHGHLQWUDUHQHFHVDUHUH]ROY ULLSURLHFWXOXLVXQWSUH] entate în tabelele 1-8:

7$%(/8/&RPSR]L LDSURGXVHORUUH]XOWDWHGLQLQVWDOD LDGHGLVWLODUHDWPRVIHULF '$

CAZUL 0 1 2 3 4 5
, (, 100 100 100 100 100 100
*$=(5$),1 5,( 0,6 0,7 0,9 0,9 0,7 0,8
%(1=,1 '$ 11,5 13,8 18,3 16,5 14,1 15,2
LAMPANT 9,2 8,5 6,0 6,4 8,2 5,7
02725,1 20,7 22,0 24,8 20,2 23,0 21,5
3 &85 58,0 55,0 50,0 56,0 54,0 57,0

7$%(/8/&RPSR]L LDSURGXVHORUUH]XOWDWHvQLQVWDOD LDGHGLVWLODUHODYLG'9

CAZUL 0 1 2 3 4 5
3 &85 100 100 100 100 100 100
MOTORI1 36 35 38 37 40 41
ULEIURI MINERALE 64 65 62 63 50 59

• 2EVHUYD LH&DQWLWDWHDGHVPRDO QXV -a luat în calcul.

7$%(/8/&RPSR]L LDSURGXVHORUUH]XOWDWHvQLQVWDOD LDGHFUDFDUHFDWDOLWLF &&

CAZUL 0 1 2 3 4 5
02725,1 '9 100 100 100 100 100 100
GAZE C.C. 22 21 21 20 22 19
%(1=,1 && 52 50 52 51 50 53
02725,1 && 21 24 24 25 25 23
)5$& ,,*5(/( 4 5 3 4 3 5

7$%(/8/&RPSR]L LDSURGXVHORUUH]XOWDWHvQLQVWDOD LDGHFUDFDUHFDWDOLWLF &&

FDUHSUHOXFUHD] GLQPRWRULQDUH]XOWDW ODGLVWLODUHDDWPRVIHULF 

CAZUL 0 1 2 3 4 5
02725,1 '$ 100 100 100 100 100 100
GAZE C.C. 25 26 25 25 25 27
%(1=,1 && 44 46 45 46 45 47
02725,1 && 22 21 20 22 22 19
)5$& ,,*5(/( 8 7 9 7 8 7
7$%(/8/&RPSR]L LDSURGXVHORUUH]XOWDWHvQLQVWDOD LDGHUHIRUPDUHFDWDOLWLF 5&

CAZUL 0 1 2 3 4 5
%(1=,1 '$ 100 100 100 100 100 100
H2 2,6 2,2 2,8 2,5 2,4 2,3
%(1=,1 5& 94,1 94,5 93,9 94,4 94,3 94,5
)5$& ,,*5(/( 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,1 3,3 3,2

• 2EVHUYD LH . Datele din tabelele 1 -  SUH]LQW  FRQ LQXWXULOH SURFHQWXDOH DOH SURGXVHORU

UH]XOWDWHGLQLQVWDOD LLID GHPDWHULHSULP LQWURGXV 

7$%(/8/   &RQVXPXULOH HQHUJHWLFH DOH LQVWDOD LLORU H[SULPDWH vQ 0-W PDWHULH SULP 

SUHOXFUDW 

CAZUL ,167$/$ ,$

D.A. D.V. C.C. R.C.

0 800 800 2100 4200
1 600 600 2100 4200
2 600 600 1900 4100
3 700 700 2000 4000
4 800 800 1900 4100
5 750 750 2100 4100

7$%(/8/5DQGDPHQWXOODDUGHUHDS FXULLvQLQVWDOD LDWHUPLF 

CAZUL 0 1 2 3 4 5
RANDAMENT 60 65 70 62 64 66

TABELUL 8. Caracteristicile combustibililor.

COMBUSTIBIL 3 &85 )5$& ,,&1 (gaze)

387(5(&$/25,& 46000 MJ/t 35 MJ/Nm3

DENSITATE - 0,9 kg/Nm3

4. REZOLVARE
S-a ales ca exemplu numeric cazul zero.

6WDELOLUHDELODQ XOXLHVWLPDWLYDOUDILQ ULHL

6HFDOFXOHD] ELODQ XORUDUvQUDILQ ULHSRUQLQGGHODFDQWLWDWHDGH L HLSUHOXFUDW vQWU RRU  -

&RQVXPXORUDUGH L HL

79000 t/an
C =  ≈10 t/h
330 zile. 24h/zi
Se cDOFXOHD]  DSRL FDQWLWDWHD GH SURGXVH UH]XOWDWH FRQIRUP VFKHPHL UDILQ ULHL úL XWLOL]kQG

datele din tabelele 1 -5.

&DOFXOXOSURGXVHORUUH]XOWDWHGLQLQVWDOD LDGHGLVWLODUHDWPRVIHULF 

6HXWLOL]HD] GDWHOHGLQWDEHOXO

 L HL«««««WK 0,6 x 10

0,6% gaze ……………. X → X =  = 0,06 t/h
100
 &DOFXODUHDFHORUODOWHSURGXVHVHUHDOL]HD] ODIHOFDPDLVXVUH]XOWkQGXUP WRDUHOHYDORUL

EHQ]LQ UHSUH]LQW → 1,115 t/h ; 20,7% motorina → 2,07 t/h

9,2% lampant →WKS FXU → 5,8 t/h
&DOFXOXOSURGXVHORUUH]XOWDWHGLQLQVWDOD LDGHGLVWLODUHvQYLG

6HXWLOL]HD] GDWHOHGLQWDEHOXO :
S FXU «««««WK[

→ X =  = 2,08 t/h

PRWRULQ «««««;

/DIHOXOHLXULPLQHUDOHUHSUH]LQW WK

1.4. &DOFXOXOSURGXVHORUUH]XOWDWHGLQLQVWDOD LDGHFUDFDUHFDWDOLWLF pe linia de alimentare 1.

6HXWLOL]HD] GDWHOHGLQWDEHOXO

100% motorina D.V. ………… 2,08 t/h 22 x 2,08

22% gaze …………………… X → X =  = 0,45 t/h
100
&DOFXODUHDFHORUODOWHSURGXVHVHUHDOL]HD] ODIHOFDPDLVXVUH]XOWkQGXUP WRDUHOHYDORUL

EHQ]LQDUHSUH]LQW → 1,08 t/h

21% motorina → 0,43 t/h
IUDF LLJUHOH→ 0,08 t/h

1.5. Calculul produselor rezultate din instala LDGHFUDFDUHFDWDOLWLF SHOLQLDGHDOLPHQWDUH

6HSUHOXFUHD] GLQPRWRULQDUH]XOWDW ODGLVWLODUHDDWPRVIHULF 6HXWLOL]HD] GDWHOHGLQ

tabelul 4.
100% motorina D.A. ………… 2,07 t/h 80 x 2,07
80% ……………………….. Y → Y =  = 1,65 t/h
100
100% motorina ……………. 1,65 t/h 22 x 1,65
22% motorina ……………. X → X =  = 0,36 t/h
100
Calcularea cHORUODOWHSURGXVHVHUHDOL]HD] ODIHOFDPDLVXVUH]XOWkQGXUP WRDUHOHYDORUL

JD]HUHSUH]LQW → 0,41 t/h

EHQ]LQ → 0,72 t/h

IUDF LLJUHOH→ 0,13 /h

&DOFXOXOSURGXVHORUUH]XOWDWHGLQLQVWDOD LDGHUHIRUPDUHFDWDOLWLF 

Se utiOL]HD] GDWHOHGLQWDEHOXO
100% benzina D.A. ……….. 1,115 t/h 2,6 x 1,115
2,6% H2 …………………. X → X =  = 0,02 t/h
100
Calcularea celorlalte produse VHUHDOL]HD] ODIHOF PDLVXVUH]XOWkQGXUP WRDUHOHYDORUL

EHQ]LQ FHUHSUH]LQW WKúLIUDF LLJUHOHFHUHSUH]LQW WK

%LODQ XOHVWLPDWLYvQUDILQ ULH

7$%(/8/%LODQ XOHVWLPDWLYGHPDWHULDOH

Materii prime intrate t/h 0DWHULLSULPHLHúLWH t/h

*D]HUDILQ ULH'$&&&&  0,92
%HQ]LQ 5&&&&&  2,88
Lampant (D.A) 0,92
, (, 10 0RWRULQ &&&&  1,2
Uleiuri minerale (D.V.) 3,71
H2 (R.C.) 0,02
)UDF LLJUHOH5&&&&&  0,24
TOTAL 10 TOTAL 9,89
 1.8. Calculul motorinei consumate ca atare:
100% ……………………. 2,07 motorina (D.A.) t/h 20 x 2,07
20% …………………… X → X =  = 0,41 t/h
100

6WDELOLUHDELODQ XOXLUHDOGHPDWHULDOH

'LPLQXDUHD  FDQWLW LL GH S FXU  VXSXV  SUHOXFU ULL DWUDJH GXS  VLQH PRGLILFDUHD SURGXF LHL

RE LQXWH vQ LQVWDOD LLOH '9 úL &&  6H UHFDOFXOHD]  ELODQ XO GH PDWHULDOH JOREDO úL VH FRPSDU 

FDQWLW LOHGHSURGXVHOHDOEHFHUH]XOW GLQELODQ XOHVWLPDWLYúLGLQELODQ XOUHDO

2.1. &DOFXOXOQHFHVDUXOXLRUDUGHHQHUJLHWHUPLF 
NecesaUXORUDUGHHQHUJLHWHUPLF VHGHWHUPLQ vQPXO LQGFRQVXPXOHQHUJHWLF WDEHOXO FX
FDQWLWDWHDRUDU GHPDWHULHSULP SUHOXFUDW vQILHFDUHLQVWDOD LH$VWIHOvQLQVWDOD LD

'$VHFRQVXP HQHUJLD[WK 0-K 7RWDOHQHUJLHFRQVXPDW vQLQVWDOD LLOH

'9VHFRQVXP HQ ergia 800 x 5,8 t/h = 4648 MJ/h DA +DV +CC +RC =25303 MJ/h
&&VHFRQVXP HQHUJLD[ 0-K Q = 25303 MJ/h
5&VHFRQVXP HQHUJLD[WK 0-K

&DQWLWDWHDGHS FXU FHWUHEXLHDUV 

&DQWLWDWHDGHS FXU FHWUHEXLHDUV VHGHWHUPLQ GLQIRUPXOD

Q = m . Pc . η
în care m este maVD GH S FXU  QHFHVDU  DUGHULL 3c - SXWHUHD FDORULF  η - randamentul arderii. Din
IRUPXO VHDIO PDVDGHS FXU P

25303 MJ/h
25303 = m . 46000 MJ/t . 0,6 → m =  = 0,91 t/h
46000 MJ/t . 0,6

&DQWLWDWHDGHS FXU SUHOXFUDW vQPRGUHDO

5,8 - 0,91 = 4,89 t/h

&XYDORDUHDFDQWLW LLGHS FXU SUHOXFUDW vQPRGUHDOVHUHFDOFXOHD] WDEHOHOHú i 3. Astfel,
vQWDEHOXOGXS UHFDOFXODUHVHRE LQXUP WRDUHOHGDWH

motorina D.V. = 1,76 t/h ; uleiuri minerale = 3,12 t/h

ÌQWDEHOXOGXS UHFDOFXODUHVHRE LQXUP WRDUHOHGDWH

gaze C.C.1 = 0,38t/h

benzina C.C.1 = 0,91 t/h
motorina C.C.1 = 0,36 t/h
IUDF LLJUHOH&& 

%LODQ XOUHDOvQUDILQ ULH

7$%(/8/%LODQ XOUHDOGHPDWHULDOH

Materii prime intrate t/h 0DWHULLSULPHLHúLWH t/h

*D]HHUDILQ ULH'$&&&&  0,85
%HQ]LQ 5&&&&&  +0,91 + 0,72 2,71
Lampant (D.A) 0,92
, (,SUHOXFUDW 10 0RWRULQ '$&&&&  1,13
Uleiuri minerale (D.V.) 3,12
H2 (R.C.) 0,02
)UDF LLJUHOH5&&&&&  0,23
TOTAL prelucrat 10 TOTAL produse rezultate 8,98
 (VWLPDUHDVSRUXOXLGHSURGXVHDOEHSULQSHUIHF LRQDUHDWHKQRORJLHL

6H GHWHUPLQ  FDQWLWDWHD GH SURGXVH DOEH RE LQXWH VXSOLPHQWDU GLQ S FXUD HFRQRPLVLW  SULQ

DUGHUHDDGLQJD]HOHUH]XOWDWHvQUDILQ ULH

3.1. Cantitatea de gazHGHUDILQ ULH

mgaze (D.A.+C.C.1 + C.C.2) = 0,06+0,45+0,41 = 0,92 t/h
3.2. Volumul gazelor

M
Vgaze =  (m3)
ρ
0,92 t/h 920 kg/h
Vgaze =  =  = 1022,22 m3
0,9 kg/Nm3 0,9 kg/Nm3

3.3.9ROXPXOGHJD]HDUVHvQORFXOS FXULL

1022,22 x 30
V’ =  = 306,66 m3
100
&DQWLWDWHDGHF OGXU UH]XOWDW GLQDUGHUHDJD]HORU

Q
     
 

= V’ . Pc . η = 306,66 m3 . 35 MJ/Nm3 . 0,6 = 6439,86 MJ/h ≈ 6440 MJ/h
3.5. Necesarul de energie
NE = 25303 MJ/h - 6440 MJ/h = 18863 MJ/h
&DQWLWDWHDGHS FXU XWLOL]DW ODDUGHUH

NE 18863 MJ/h
M   =  =  = 0,68 t/h
Pc . η 46000 MJ/t x 0,6
&DQWLWDWHDGHS FXU SUHOXFUDW

6HFDOFXOHD] FDGLIHUHQ GLQWUHFDQWLWDWHDGHS FXU RE LQXW GLQLQVWDOD LD'$úLFDQWLWDWHD

GHS FXU DUV 

5,8 - 0,68 = 5,12 t/h

Se UHFDOFXOHD] ELODQ XULOHGHPDWHULDOHGLQLQVWDOD LLOH'9úL&&1SRUQLQGGHODQRX YDORDUH

DFDQWLW LLGHS FXU SUHOXFUDW 

&DOFXOXOSURGXVHORUUH]XOWDWHvQLQVWDOD LD'9

S FXU «««««WKS FXU

PRWRULQ '9««; WKPRWRULQ DV

64% uleiuri……………..Y = 3,28 t/h uleiuri

&DOFXOXOSURGXVHORURE LQXWHODLQVWDOD LD&&1

PRWRULQ '9««WKPRWRULQ

22 % gaze CC1………… X = 0,41 t/h gaze CC1

EHQ]LQ &&1«««< WKEHQ]LQ &&1

PRWRULQ &&1 ………Z = 0,39 t/h PRWRULQ &&1

IUDF LLJUHOH&&1««7 WKIUDF LLJUHOH&&1

 3.10 . Calculul sporului de produse albe

Tabelul 11. Sporul de produse albe, t/h

Produse albe 7HKQRORJLDFODVLF 7HKQRORJLDSHUIHF LRQDW

Benzine(RC+CC1+CC2) 2,71 1,08+0,96+0,72=2,76

Lampant DA 0,92 0,92
0RWRULQ '$&&1+CC2) 1,13 2,07. 0,2 + 0,39 + 0,36=1,16
Total 4,76 4,84
Spor produse - 0,08

3.6.Calculul sporului de produse albe într-un an

0,08 t/h . 24 h/zi . 330 zile/an = 633,6 t/an

4. Concluzie
ÌQYDULDQWD,VHSUHOXFUHD] WRDW S FXUDUH]XOWkQGYELODQ XOHVWLPDWLY

3URGXVHDOEH EHQ]LQ ODPSDQWPRWRULQD  WK

În varianta a II-D FRQIRUP WHKQRORJLHL FODVLFH  F OGXUD QHFHVDU  IXQF LRQ ULL LQVWDOD LHL VH

RE LQHSULQDUGHUHGHS FXU &DQWLWDWHDGHSURGXVHDOEHRE LQXWHHVWHGHWK

În varianta a III-D FRQIRUP WHKQRORJLHL SHUIHF LRQDWH  QHFHVDUXO GH HQHUJLH VHDFRSHU  SULQ

DUGHUHDXQHLS U LGLQJD]HúLDXQHLFDQWLW LGHS FXU 3 FXUDGLVSRQLELOL]DW YDVHUYLODRE LQHUHD

unui spor de pURGXVHDOEH&DQWLWDWHDGHSURGXVHDOEHRE LQXW HVWHGHWK

6H RE LQH DúDGDU XQ spor de produse albe ID  GH WHKQRORJLD FODVLF  GH  WK UHVSHFtiv

de 633,6 t/an.