7HUPRTXtPLFD\&LQpWLFD

5(62/8&,Ï1'(&8(67,21(6


&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ

(VFULEHODH[SUHVLyQGHYHORFLGDGGHUHDFFLyQHQIXQFLyQGHODFRQFHQWUDFLyQGH
FDGDXQDGHODVHVSHFLHVTXHLQWHUYLHQHQHQHOSURFHVRGHREWHQFLyQGHDPRQLD
FRVHJ~QODUHDFFLyQ
+  + 1 2 → 21+ 3 

Solución
1 G[+ 2 ] G[1 2 ] 1 G[1+ 3 ]
9=− =− = 
3 GW GW 2 GW

(OUHVXOWDGRPXHVWUDTXHODYHORFLGDGGHUHDFFLyQVHSXHGHFDOFXODUDGLVWLQWRV
LQWHUYDORVGHWLHPSRDWUDYpVGHODHVSHFLHPiVIiFLOGHDQDOL]DU\DVHDHO1HO
+RHO1+


&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ

(VFULEH OD H[SUHVLyQ GH YHORFLGDG SDUD ODV VLJXLHQWHV UHDFFLRQHV HQ WpUPLQRV GH
GHVDSDULFLyQGHORVUHDFWLYRV\GHODDSDULFLyQGHORVSURGXFWRV
D  2  J → 22 3 J 
E , J + J 2HI(g)

Solución

1 G[2 2 ] 1 G[2 3 ]
D 9 = − = 
3 GW 2 GW
G[, ] G[+ 2 ] 1 G[+,]
E 9 = − 2 = − = 
GW GW 2 GW


&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ

/D HQHUJtD GH DFWLYDFLyQ FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH D OD UHDFFLyQ $%ĺ&' HV GH
·N-PROPLHQWUDVTXHSDUDODUHDFFLyQLQYHUVD HOYDORUGHGLFKDHQHUJtDHV
GH·N-PRO
D ¢4XpUHDFFLyQHVPiVUiSLGDODGLUHFWDRODLQYHUVD"
E /DUHDFFLyQGLUHFWD¢HVH[RWpUPLFDRHQGRWpUPLFD"
F 'LEXMDXQGLDJUDPDHQWiOSLFRGHDPERVSURFHVRV"
 ,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD 


Solución

D  /D UHDFFLyQ GLUHFWD HV PiV UiSLGD DO VHU PHQRU VX (D \ SRU WDQWR PHQRU OD
HQHUJtD TXH WLHQHQ TXH DEVRUEHU ORV UHDFWLYRV HQ VX HVWDGR IXQGDPHQWDO SDUD
SHUPLWLUDOFDQ]DUHOHVWDGRGHWUDQVLFLyQ

E  ([RWpUPLFD SRUTXH HO SDVR GH UHDFWLYRV D SURGXFWRV GD FRPR UHVXOWDGR XQD
OLEHUDFLyQ QHWD GH HQHUJtD VH GHYXHOYH PiV HQHUJtD DO HQWRUQR TXH OD HQHUJtD
GHOHVWDGRGHWUDQVLFLyQ

F
+
(D ¶N-PRO
(D ¶N-PRO

(D
$%

(¶D

&'

FRRUGHQDGDGHUHDFFLyQ 





&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ

= k ⋅ [ A ] · [ B ] FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDOD
2
'DGDODVLJXLHQWHHFXDFLyQGHYHORFLGDG v
VLJXLHQWHUHDFFLyQTXtPLFD$%ĺ&LQGLTXHUD]RQDGDPHQWHVLFDGDXQDGHODV
VLJXLHQWHVSURSRVLFLRQHVHVYHUGDGHUDRIDOVD
D /DFRQVWDQWHNHVLQGHSHQGLHQWHGHODWHPSHUDWXUD
E /DUHDFFLyQHVGHSULPHURUGHQUHVSHFWRGH$\GHSULPHURUGHQFRQUHVSHFWR
GH%SHURGHVHJXQGRRUGHQSDUDHOFRQMXQWRGHODUHDFFLyQ
F  /D YHORFLGDG GH UHDFFLyQ SRVHH XQ YDORU FRQVWDQWH PLHQWUDV GXUD OD UHDFFLyQ
TXtPLFD
  7HUPRTXtPLFD\&LQpWLFD


Solución

D  )DOVRODFRQVWDQWHGHYHORFLGDGHVSHFtILFDHVWiUHODFLRQDGDFRQODWHPSHUD
− Ea
WXUD D WUDYpV GH OD HFXDFLyQ GH $UUKHQLXV k = A·e RT  SRU WDQWR VL GHSHQGH
GHHOOD

E )DOVRVHJ~QODHFXDFLyQGHYHORFLGDGODUHDFFLyQHVGHSULPHURUGHQUHVSHFWR
GH$\GHVHJXQGRRUGHQUHVSHFWRGH%\GHRUGHQSDUDHOFRQMXQWRGHODUHDF
FLyQ

F )DOVRSXHVWRTXHODYHORFLGDGGHSHQGHGHODFRQFHQWUDFLyQGH$\GH%


&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ

6H KD FRPSUREDGR H[SHULPHQWDOPHQWH TXH OD UHDFFLyQ $%ĺ& HV GH SULPHU
RUGHQUHVSHFWRDOUHDFWLYR$\GHSULPHURUGHQUHVSHFWRDOUHDFWLYR%
D (VFULEHODHFXDFLyQGHYHORFLGDG
E ¢&XiOHVHORUGHQWRWDOGHODUHDFFLyQ"
F ¢4XpIDFWRUHVSXHGHQPRGLILFDUODYHORFLGDGGHODUHDFFLyQ"

Solución

D  Y = N ⋅ [ $]Ċ[% ] 

E  (O RUGHQ WRWDO HV  VXPD GH ORV H[SRQHQWHV GH $ \ GH % HQ OD HFXDFLyQ GH
YHORFLGDG

F  /D QDWXUDOH]D \ HO HVWDGR ItVLFR GH ORV UHDFWLYRV ODV FRQFHQWUDFLRQHV GH ORV
UHDFWLYRVODWHPSHUDWXUDODSUHVHQFLDGHFDWDOL]DGRUHV


&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ

,QGLTXHUD]RQDGDPHQWHVLFDGDXQDGHODVVLJXLHQWHVSURSRVLFLRQHVHVYHUGDGHUD
RIDOVD
D /DNGHYHORFLGDGSDUDXQDHFXDFLyQGHSULPHURUGHQVHH[SUHVDHQXQLGDGHV
GHPROĊOĊV
E /DVXQLGDGHVGHODYHORFLGDGGHXQDUHDFFLyQGHSHQGHQGHORUGHQWRWDOGHOD
UHDFFLyQ
− Ea
F (QODHFXDFLyQGH$UUKHQLXV k = A·e RT
(DQRGHSHQGHGHODWHPSHUDWXUD
 ,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD 


Solución

D  )DOVR SDUD XQD UHDFFLyQ GH SULPHU RUGHQ OD HFXDFLyQ GH YHORFLGDG
v = k ⋅ [ A ] \SXHVWRTXHYWLHQHXQLGDGHVGHPROĊOĊV\ODFRQFHQWUDFLyQYLH
QHH[SUHVDGRHQPROĊOOD.GHEHVHUGHV

E )DOVR SXHVWRTXHODVXQLGDGHVGHODYHORFLGDGVRQVLHPSUHGHFRQFHQWUDFLyQ
SRUXQLGDGGHWLHPSR

F 9HUGDGHUROD(DHVODHQHUJtDGHOHVWDGRGHWUDQVLFLyQRGHOFRPSOHMRDFWLYD
GR\QRGHSHQGHGHODWHPSHUDWXUD


&XHVWL
&XHVWLyQ
yQ


,QGLTXHFXiOHVGHODVVLJXLHQWHVSURSRVLFLRQHVVRQFRUUHFWDV
D /DDGLFLyQGHXQFDWDOL]DGRUUHEDMDODHQHUJtDGHDFWLYDFLyQ
E /DDGLFLyQGHXQFDWDOL]DGRUPRGLILFDODYHORFLGDGGHUHDFFLyQGLUHFWD
F /DDGLFLyQGHXQFDWDOL]DGRUPRGLILFDHOHVWDGRGHHTXLOLEULRGHODUHDFFLyQ

Solución

D  &RUUHFWD XQ FDWDOL]DGRU SURSRUFLRQD XQ PHFDQLVPR GLIHUHQWH GH HQHUJtD

PiVEDMDSDUDODIRUPDFLyQGHORVSURGXFWRV

E &RUUHFWDORVFDWDOL]DGRUHVDOUHEDMDUODHQHUJtDGHDFWLYDFLyQSHUPLWHQTXH
PD\RUQ~PHURGHPROpFXODVDOFDQFHQHOFRPSOHMRDFWLYDGRDXPHQWDQGRODYHOR
FLGDGGHODUHDFFLyQ

F )DOVDORVFDWDOL]DGRUHVPRGLILFDQODVYHORFLGDGHVGHUHDFFLyQSHURQRDOWHUDQ
HOHVWDGRGHHTXLOLEULRGHODPLVPD


&XHVWL
&XHVWLyQ
yQ


(QODUHDFFLyQ$%ĺ&'VHFRPSUXHEDH[SHULPHQWDOPHQWHTXH v = k ⋅ [A ][
· B] HQ
− Ea
GRQGH k = A·e RT 
D ([SOLFDHOVLJQLILFDGRGHFDGDXQRGHORVWpUPLQRVTXHDSDUHFHQHQODHFXDFLyQ
GH$UUKHQLXV
E  (Q XQDV GHWHUPLQDGDV FRQGLFLRQHV OD YHORFLGDG GH OD UHDFFLyQ HV Y ·
PROĊ/ĊV,QGLFDUD]RQDGDPHQWHYDULDVIRUPDVGHDFHOHUDUODUHDFFLyQ
  7HUPRTXtPLFD\&LQpWLFD


Solución

D  N HV OD FRQVWDQWH HVSHFtILFD GH YHORFLGDG $ HV XQD FRQVWDQWH TXH WLHQH ODV
PLVPDV GLPHQVLRQHV TXH OD FRQVWDQWH GH YHORFLGDG \ HV SURSRUFLRQDO D OD IUH
FXHQFLD GH ODV FROLVLRQHV HQWUH ODV PROpFXODV UHDFFLRQDQWHV 5 HV OD FRQVWDQWH
XQLYHUVDOGHORVJDVHVH[SUHVDGDHQODVPLVPDVXQLGDGHVGHHQHUJtDTXHODVXVD
GDVSDUD(D(DHVODHQHUJtDGHDFWLYDFLyQTXHHVODHQHUJtDDGLFLRQDOTXHGHEH
VHUDEVRUELGDSRUORVUHDFWLYRVHQVXHVWDGRIXQGDPHQWDOSDUDSHUPLWLUOHVDOFDQ
]DUHOHVWDGRGHWUDQVLFLyQ

E $XPHQWRGHODWHPSHUDWXUD$XPHQWRGHODFRQFHQWUDFLyQGHUHDFWLYRVSUH
VHQFLDGHFDWDOL]DGRUHV
 ,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD 

5(62/8&,Ï1'(352%/(0$6


3UREOHPD

3DUDODUHDFFLyQ
C 2 H 4 (g ) + H 2 ( g ) → C 2 H 6 (g ) 
/D HQHUJtD GH DFWLYDFLyQ HV  N-PRO $ ž& OD FRQVWDQWH GH YHORFLGDG HV
·Ċ/ĊPROĊV
D ¢$TXpWHPSHUDWXUDODFRQVWDQWHGHYHORFLGDGHVHOGREOHGHOYDORUDž&"
E ¢&XiOHVODFRQVWDQWHGHYHORFLGDGDž&"
'DWR5 ·ĊN-.ĊPRO

Solución:

D  $SOLFDQGR OD HFXDFLyQ GH $UUKHQLXV SDUD GHWHUPLQDU N D GRV WHPSHUDWXUDV
GLIHUHQWHV
− (D − (D
N1 = $ĊH 57 1 SDUD7\ N2 = $ĊH 57 2 SDUDODWHPSHUDWXUD7
6HGLYLGHPLHPEURDPLHPEURDPEDVHFXDFLRQHV\SXHVWRTXH. .VXVWLWX
\HQGRORVGDWRVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV
Ea Ea
− Ea § 1 1· − Ea § 1 1·
− ¨ − ¸ − ¨ − ¸
k1 e RT1 k1 e RT1
= Ea = e R © T1 T2 ¹   = Ea = e R © T1 T2 ¹ 
k2 − 2 k1 −
e RT2 e RT2
N-
( § 1 1 · 181 § 1
OQ 2 = D ¨¨ − ¸¸  0 6936 = PRO 1·
5 7 7 ¨ − ¸
© 1 2 ¹ N- © 773 . 72 ¹
8 31 Ċ 10 −3
.ĊPRO

GHHVWDH[SUHVLyQSRGHPRVGHVSHMDU7

7 ·. ·ž&

7DPELpQ SXHGH REWHQHUVH KDOODQGR HQ SULPHU OXJDU $ IDFWRU GH IUHFXHQFLD
VXVWLWX\HQGR ORV YDORUHV FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV GH N (D \ 7 HQ OD SULPHUD GH ODV
HFXDFLRQHV
181 kJ / mol
−
−2 −1 −1 4'81·10−3 kJ / K · mol ·773 K
2 '5 · 10 L · mol ·s =A·e 

(QHVWHFDVR$ ·Ċ/ĊPROĊV

  7HUPRTXtPLFD\&LQpWLFD

6XVWLWX\HQGRORVYDORUHVGH$(D\N GREOHGHN HQODHFXDFLyQGH$UUKHQLXV

SDUDN
181 kJ / mol
−
−2 −1 −1 −1 −1 4'81·10−3 kJ / K · mol ·T2
2 · 2 '5·10 L · mol · s = 4 '31 · 10 L · mol
10
·s ·e 

'HVSHMDQGRREWHQGUHPRVHOYDORUGH7
7 ·. ·ž&

E /DFRQVWDQWHGHYHORFLGDGSDUDODWHPSHUDWXUDGHž&VHGHWHUPLQDDSDU
WLUGHODHFXDFLyQGH$UUKHQLXVVXVWLWX\HQGRORVYDORUHVGH$ GHWHUPLQDGRDQWH
ULRUPHQWH (D\7GDWRVGHOSUREOHPD(OYDORUGHHVWDHVN ·/ĊPROĊV


3UREOHPD

3DUDFLHUWDUHDFFLyQODFRQVWDQWHGHYHORFLGDGVHGXSOLFDDOHOHYDUODWHPSHUDWX
UDGHVGHž&KDVWDž&&DOFXODU
D /DHQHUJtDGHDFWLYDFLyQ(D
E /DFRQVWDQWHGHYHORFLGDGDž&VLDž&NYDOH·Ċ/ĊPROĊV
'DWR5 ·ĊN-Ċ.ĊPRO

Solución

D $OLJXDOTXHHOHMHUFLFLRDQWHULRUVHDSOLFDODHFXDFLyQGH$UUKHQLXVSDUDGH
WHUPLQDUNDGRVWHPSHUDWXUDVGLIHUHQWHV
− (D − (D
N1 = $ĊH 57 1 SDUD7\ N2 = $ĊH 57 2 SDUDODWHPSHUDWXUD7
6HGLYLGHPLHPEURDPLHPEURDPEDVHFXDFLRQHV
Ea Ea
− Ea § 1 1 · − Ea § 1 1 ·
− ¨ − ¸ − ¨ − ¸
k1 e RT1 k e RT1
= Ea = e R © T1 T2 ¹ \SXHVWRTXHN N 1 = Ea = e R © T1 T2 ¹ 
k2 − 2k1 −
e RT2 e RT2
6LPSOLILFDQGR WRPDQGR ORJDULWPRV \ VXVWLWX\HQGR ORV GDWRV FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV D
DPEDVWHPSHUDWXUDV.SDUD7\.SDUD7
(D § 1 1 ·
OQ 2 = ¨ − ¸ 3RGHPRVREWHQHU(D
Ċ −3 N- PROĊ. © 288. 298. ¹
8 3110

(D ·N-PRO

E  3RGHPRV GLYLGLU PLHPEUR D PLHPEUR ODV GRV FRQVWDQWHV GH YHORFLGDG N \ N
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVDGLFKDUHDFFLyQSDUDODVWHPSHUDWXUDVGHž&\ž&&RQR
FLGRVORVYDORUHVGH(DN\DPEDVWHPSHUDWXUDVGHVSHMDPRVGHGLFKDUHODFLyQ
ODFRQVWDQWHN
N ·/ĊPROĊV
 ,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD 

3UREOHPD

/D UHDFFLyQ TXtPLFD $%→& HV GH SULPHU RUGHQ UHVSHFWR GH $ \ GH % &RQ ORV
VLJXLHQWHVGDWRV

([SHULPHQWR [$R]PROĊ/ [%R]PROĊ/ 9HORFLGDGLQLFLDOGHODUHDFFLyQ
 · · PROĊ/ĊV
 · · ;
 · ; PROĊ/ĊV

'tJDVHVLVRQYHUGDGHUDVRIDOVDVFDGDXQRGHODVVLJXLHQWHVSURSRVLFLRQHV
D ; ĊPROĊ/ĊV
E ; ·PROĊ/
F 3DUDHOHUH[SHULPHQWRN ĊPROĊ/ĊV

Solución

D  6HJ~Q OD HFXDFLyQ GH YHORFLGDG FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH D XQD UHDFFLyQ GH RUGHQ 
UHVSHFWRDDPERVUHDFWLYRVSDUDHOH[SHULPHQWRVHUi Y R = N ⋅ [ $]0 Ċ[% ]0 
(OYDORUGHODFRQVWDQWHGHYHORFLGDGHVSHFtILFDVHFDOFXODDSDUWLUGHORVGDWRV
GHOH[SHULPHQWR
ĊPROĊ/ĊV NĊ·PROĊ/Ċ·PROĊ/
'HVSHMDQGRNN /ĊPROĊV

6XVWLWX\HQGRORVGDWRVGHOH[SHULPHQWRHQVXHFXDFLyQGHYHORFLGDG[$R]\[%R]
MXQWRFRQHOGDWRGHNREWHQLGRDQWHULRUPHQWHSRGHPRVREWHQHUHOYDORUGHOD
YHORFLGDGLQLFLDOSDUDHVWDVFRQFHQWUDFLRQHV ; 
9 /ĊPROĊVĊ·PROĊ/Ċ·PROĊ/

9R ·ĊPROĊ/ĊV/XHJRODSURSRVLFLyQLQGLFDGDSDUDHVWHDSDUWDGRHV
)DOVD

E /DYHORFLGDGLQLFLDOSDUDHOH[SHULPHQWRVHUi Y R = N ⋅ [ $]0 Ċ[% ]0 6XVWLWX\HQ
GR ORV GDWRVDSRUWDGRV GH [$R] \ YHORFLGDG LQLFLDO MXQWR DO GDWRREWHQLGR DQWH
ULRUPHQWHGHN
ĊPROĊ/ĊV /ĊPROĊVĊ·PROĊ/Ċ[%R]
GHVSHMDPRV[%R]  ; 
[%R] ·PROĊ//XHJRODSURSRVLFLyQLQGLFDGDSDUDHVWHDSDUWDGRHV9HUGDGH
UD

F (OYDORUGHN\DKDVLGRREWHQLGRSDUDHODSDUWDGRDN /ĊPROĊV/XHJROD
SURSRVLFLyQLQGLFDGDSDUDHVWHDSDUWDGRHV)DOVD
  7HUPRTXtPLFD\&LQpWLFD

3UREOHPD

6H KD PHGLGR OD YHORFLGDG HQ OD UHDFFLyQ $%→& D ž& SDUD OR TXH VH KDQ
GLVHxDGR FXDWUR H[SHULPHQWRV REWHQLpQGRVH FRPR UHVXOWDGR OD VLJXLHQWH WDEOD
GHYDORUHV

([SHULPHQWR [$R]PROĊ/ [%R]PROĊ/ 9 PROĊ/ĊV 

 · · ·
 · · ·
 · · ·
 · · ·

'HWHUPLQH
D ODOH\GHYHORFLGDGSDUDODUHDFFLyQ
E VXFRQVWDQWHGHYHORFLGDG

Solución

D /DOH\GHYHORFLGDGWHQGUiODIRUPD
Y = NĊ[$]α Ċ[% ]β 
6HKDGHFDOFXODUα\β 
'LYLGLHQGRPLHPEURDPLHPEURODOH\GHYHORFLGDGSDUDORVH[SHULPHQWRV\

α
Vexp(1) 5'5·10−6 mol ·L−1 1 k ·(0 '10 M )α ·(0 '10 M ) β (0 '10M )α (1)α §1· 1
= −5 −1
= = α β
= α
= α
Ÿ ¨ ¸ = 
Vexp( 2) 2 '2·10 mol ·L 4 k ·(0 '20M ) ·(0 '10 M ) (0 ' 20 M ) (2) ©2¹ 4

'HGRQGHVHGHGXFHTXHα SRUWDQWRODUHDFFLyQHVGHVHJXQGRRUGHQUHVSHFWR
GH$
'H IRUPD VLPLODU VH RSHUD SDUD FDOFXODUβ SHUR HQ HVWH FDVR VH FRPELQDQ ODV
HFXDFLRQHVGHYHORFLGDGGHOH[SHULPHQWR\GHOGHHVDIRUPDVHHOLPLQD α\
TXHGDFRPRLQFyJQLWD β TXHDOGHVSHMDUODGDβ \TXHODUHDFFLyQHVGHRUGHQ
UHVSHFWRGH%

E 6HJ~QVHKDGHGXFLGRHQHODSDUWDGRDQWHULRUODHFXDFLyQGHYHORFLGDGVHUi
Y = NĊ[$]2 Ċ[% ] 
'HHVWDHFXDFLyQSRGHPRVGHVSHMDUODFRQVWDQWHGHYHORFLGDGN\VXVWLWXLUORV
GDWRVGHFXDOTXLHUDGHORVFXDWURH[SHULPHQWRV
N ·ĊPROĊ/ĊV


 ,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD 

3UREOHPD

/D UHDFFLyQ $%→$% HV GH SULPHU RUGHQ UHVSHFWR D FDGD UHDFWLYR &XDQGR OD
FRQFHQWUDFLyQGH$HV·0\ODGH%HV·0ODYHORFLGDGGHIRUPDFLyQGH$%
HV·ĊPROĊ/YDORUGHODFRQVWDQWHGHYHORFLGDG
E  ¢&XiQWR YDOGUi OD YHORFLGDG GH UHDFFLyQ HQ HO PRPHQWR HQ TXH [$] · PR
OHV/\[%] ·PROHV/"

Solución

D /DHFXDFLyQGHYHORFLGDGHVY NĊ[$]Ċ[%]SRUWDQWR
v 5 '6·10 −3 mol ·L−1 ·s −1
k= = = 3'5·10−2 mol −1 ·L·s −1 
[ A][· B ] 0 '2 mol ·L ·0 '8 mol·L
−1 −1


E (QHVWHFDVR
v = k ·[ A][· B ] = 3'5·10−2 mol −1 ·L·s −1 ·0 '1 mol ·L−1 ·0 '4mol ·L−1 = 1'4·10−3 mol ·L−1 ·s −1