6

IPOTEZESTATISTICE. VERIFICAREA
1250$/,7 ,,5(3$57, ,,/25(03,5,&(

ÍQWUHE UL

¾ &HUHSUH]LQW LSRWH]DVWDWLVWLF "

¾ &HUHSUH]LQW LSRWH]DQXO "'DULSRWH]DDOWHUQDWLY "

¾ &HUHSUH]LQW HURDUHDGHJHQXOvQWkLvQWU -un proces de testare a ipotezelor statistice?

¾ &HUHSUH]LQW HURDUHDGHJHQXODOGRLOHDvQWU -un proces de testare a ipotezelor statistice?
¾ &HUHSUH]LQW UHJLXQHDFULWLF "

¾ &HUHSUH]LQW ULVFXOGHJHQXOvQWkL"'DU riscul de genul al doilea?

¾ &HUHSUH]LQW SXWHUHDXQXLWHVWVWDWLVWLF"
 ([HUFL LLüLSUREOHPH

1. 5H]XOWDWHOHDQRX P VXU WRULDVXSUDFRQ LQXWXOXLGHILEUHODXQDQXPLWVRLGHFkQHS VXQW

22,5; 26; 24,5; 23,5; 29,5; 32,5; 25,5; 26; 28. Din ceUFHW ULOHDQWHULRDUHVHúWLHF YDULDELOD
aleatoare X – FRQ LQXWXO GH ILEUH  XUPHD]  R OHJH QRUPDO  1P  3HQWUX XQ QLYHO GH
VHPQLILFD LHα V VHYHULILFHLSRWH]D

H0: m = 27.

6ROX LH

6HFXQRDúWHF  σ = 2,20; α = 0,05; n = 9.

Se aplLF testul z bilateral.
 x − m0 
P − z α ≤ ≤ z α  = 1−α
1− σ/ n 1− 
 2 2 
z 0,05 = z 0,975 = 1,96
1−
2
Limitele intervalului de încredere sunt:

σ σ
m0 − z α ⋅ ≤ x ≤ m0 + z α ⋅
1− n 1− n
2 2

σ 2,20
⋅z α = ⋅ 1,96 = 1,437
n 1− 9
2

27 − 1,437 ≤ x ≤ 27 + 1,437 DGLF

25,536 ≤ x ≤ 28,437

'LQVRQGDMVHRE LQH

∑ xi
x= = 27,11 %
n
'HRDUHFH PHGLD GH VRQGDM H FXSULQV  vQ LQWHUYDOXO GH vQFUHGHUH    

VHDFFHSW LSRWH]D H0.'HFLVHSRDWHVSXQHF m = 27%.

2. &RQ LQXWXOGHJU VLPHDOODSWHOXLGHYDF LQWHJUDOHVWHVWDELOLWOD3HQWUXDYHULILFDGDF DFHDVW 

FRQGL LHHVWHVDWLVI FXW vQFD]XOXQHLIHUPHGHYDFLV DXOXDWQRX SUREHRE LQkQGX VHXUP WRDUHOH

- -
SURFHQWH GH JU VLPH                  6  VH YHULILFH LSRWH]D F  P 

SURFHQWHJU VLPLFXQRVFkQG u-se σ úLQLYHOXOGHVHPQLILFD LH α = 0,04.

6ROX LH

ÌQWUXFkW FDOLWDWHD ODSWHOXL HVWH DVLJXUDW  GDF  SURFHQWXO GH JU VLPH HVWH HJDO VDX

GHS úHúWHQLYHOXOGHVXQWHPvQFD]XOXQXL test z unilateral.

ÌQXUPDGDWHORUGHVRQGDMVHRE LQH

∑ xi 30,6
x= = = 3,4%
n 9
 z1−α = z1−0,04 = z 0,96 = 1,75

Intervalul de încredere este dat de:

 x − m0 
P − z1−α ≤  =1−α
 σ 
 / n 
DGLF 

σ
x ≥ m0 − z1−α ⋅
n
σ 0,18
m0 − z1−α ⋅ = 3,6 − ⋅ 1,75 = 3,495%
n 9
Cum x = 3,4 < 3,495% UH]XOW F QHDIO PvQUHJLXQHDFULWLF GHFLLSRWH]D H0 se respinge.

3. 3HQWUX D YHULILFD GDF  vQWUH JUHXW LOH PHGLL DOH úWLXOH LORU GLQ GRX  VRLXUL GH SRUXPE H[LVW  R

GLIHUHQ VHPQLILFDWLY VDXQXV DXOXDWFkWHSUREHGLQILHFDUHVRLúLV DXRE LQXWXUP WRDUHOH

- -
date (grame):

Soiul 1: 260; 250; 290; 300; 270; 310; 260; 280; 340; 300.
Soiul 2: 240; 270; 230; 250; 220; 280; 210; 260; 290; 240.
'LQFHUFHW ULOHDQWHULRDUHVHFXQRDúWHF  σ 12 = 275 úL σ 22 = 260 .

6ROX LH

3HQWUX D YHULILFD GDF  H[LVW  R GLIHUHQ  VHPQLILFDWLY  vQWUH JUHXW LOH PHGLL DOH úWLXOH LORU GLQ FHOH

GRX VRLXULGHSRUXPEVHIRORVHúWH testul z bilateral:

Din datele de sondaj:
∑ xi 2860
x1 = = = 286 gr.
n 10

∑ xi 2490
x2 = = = 249 gr.
n 10
3HQWUXXQQLYHOGHVHPQLILFD LHα VHRE LQHF 

z α = z 0,05 = z 0,975 = 1,96

1− 1−
2 2
Intervalul de încredere este dat de:
 σ 12 σ 212 σ 12 σ 212 

P − z α + ≤ x 2 − x1 ≤ z α + =1−α
 1− 2 n1 n2 1− n1 n 2 
 2 

σ 12 σ 212 275 + 260

z α + = 1,96 ⋅ = 1,96 ⋅ 7,32 = 14,3472
1− n1 n2 10
2
Cum x 2 − x1 = 37 > 14,3472  QH DIO P vQ UHJLXQHD FULWLF  VH UHVSLQJH +0 GHFL vQWUH JUHXW LOH

PHGLLDOHúWLXOH LORUGHSRUXPEGLQFHOHGRX VRLXULH[LVW GLIHUHQ HVHPQLILFD tive.

4. 3UHVXSXQHP F  SHQWUX  GH REVHUYD LL DVXSUD XQHL YDULDELOH DOHDWRDUH ; V D RE LQXW PHGLD
-
x = 110 úLDEDWHUHDVWDQGDUG
Se cere:
a) 7HVWD LLSRWH]DQXO F m = 100, cu alternativa m > 100, utilizând α = 0,05.
b) 7HVWD L LSRWH]D QXO  F  m = 100, cu alternativa m ≠ 100, utilizând α   &RPSDUD L
UH]XOWDWHOHFHORUGRX WHVWH

6ROX LH

a) n = 100
x = 110
σ = 60
α = 0,05
&RQVLGHU P

H0: m = 100
Ha: m > 100
6HDSOLF testul z unilateral dreapta:

 x − m0 
P ≤ z1−α  = 1 − α
 
σ / n 
RegLXQHDFULWLF YDILGDW GH
σ
x ≥ m0 + z1−α ⋅
n
z1−0,05 = z 0,95 = 1,645
σ 60
m0 + z1−α ⋅ = 100 + ⋅ 1,645 = 109,870
n 100
Cum x = 110 !VXQWHPvQUHJLXQHDFULWLF GHFLVHUHVSLQJH+0 .

c) H0: m = 100
Ha: m ≠ 100
6HDSOLF testul z bilateral.

 x − m0 
P − z α ≤ ≤z α  =1−α

1− σ/ n 1−
 2 2 
z 0,05 = z 0,975 = 1,96
1−
2
Limitele intervalului de încredere sunt:

σ σ
m0 − z α ⋅ ≤ x ≤ m0 + z α ⋅
1− n 1− n
2 2

σ 60
⋅z α = ⋅ 1,96 = 11,76
n 1− 100
2
100 − 11,76 < x < 100 + 11,76
88,24 < x < 111,76
ÌQWUXFkWQHDIO PvQLQWHUYDOXOGHvQFUHGHUHVHDFFHSW LSRWH]D+0 .
5. 'LVWULEX LD XQXL ORW GH QRL DXWRPRELOH GXS  FRQVXPXO GH FDUEXUDQW OD  NP SDUFXUúL VH

SUH]LQW DVWIHO

Tabelul 6.1.
,QWHUYDOHGHYDULD LHFRQVXPXOXLO Nr. automobile
6,2 – 6,6, 4
6,6 – 7,0 12
7,0 – 7,4 44
7,4 – 7,8 90
7,8 – 8,2 107
8,2 – 8,6 86
8,6 – 9,0 36
9,0 – 9,4 15
9,4 – 9,8 6
Total 400
6 VHYHULILFHQRUPDOLWDWHDGLVWULEX LHLXWLOL]kQGWHVWXO χ2.
6ROX LH

3HQWUXYHULILFDUHDQRUPDOLW LLUHSDUWL LHLHPSLULFHVHSDUFXUJXUP WRDUHOHHWDSH

1) 6HFDOFXOHD]  x úLσSHQWUXGLVWULEX LDSUH]HQWDW vQWDEHOXO

∑ xi ni 3198,8
x= = = 7,997 ≈ 8 litri
∑ ni 400

σ 2
=
( =
)2
∑ xi − x ni 143,84
= 0,3596
∑ ni 400
σ = 0,5997 litri
2) 6HFDOFXOHD] YDORULOHYDULDELOHLQRUPDOHQRUPDWHSHQWUXOLPLWHOHVXSHULRDUHDOHLQWHUYDOHORU

xi sup − x
zi = (col. 5, tabelul 6.2.)
σ
/LPLWD VXSHULRDU  D XOWLPHL JUXSH VH FRQVLGHU   ∞ LDU OLPLWD LQIHULRDU  D SULPXOXL LQWHUYDO VH

FRQVLGHU  -∞ LQkQGFRQWGHIDSWXOF GLVWULEX LDQRUPDO WLQGHF WUHDVLPSWRWLF

3) 6H FDOFXOHD]  SUREDELOLW LOH φ(zi) FH UHSUH]LQW  SUREDELOLW LOH FD R YDORDUH  V  ILH FXSULQV 
z
vQWUHúL zi FROWDEHOXO LQkQGFRQWF
φ (− z i ) = −φ ( z i )
4) 3UREDELOLW LOHWHRUHWLFHFDRYDORDUHV VHVLWXH]HvQLQWHUYDOXOLVXQW

p i = F ( z i sup ) − F ( z i −1sup )
sau
p i = φ ( z i sup ) − φ ( z i −1sup )
([FHS LHIDFHSULPXOLQWHUYDOS entru care:
p1 = φ ( z1sup ) − (−0,5) = 0,5 + φ ( z1sup )
úLXOWLPXOLQWHUYDOSHQWUXFDUH

p r = 0,5 − φ ( z r −1sup )
6XPDSUREDELOLW LORUGHDSDUL LHDHYHQLPHQWHORUHVWH
 5) )UHFYHQ HOHWHRUHWLFHVHGHWHUPLQ SHED]DSUREDELOLW LORUWHRUHWLFHDVWIHOFROWDEH lul 6.2.):
niteor = n ⋅ p i
k (ni − np i )2
6) 6HFDOFXOHD] VWDWLVWLFD χ2 = ∑
i =1 np i
 χ
2
7) 'LQFROWDEUH]XOW
calculat = 3,44 .
'LQWDEHOHOHDQH[HVHFLWHúWHYDORDUHDOXL χ tab
2
,α =0,05,l =6 = 12,5916

unde l QXP UXOJUDGHORUGHOLEHUWDW e, l = r – k – 1 = 9 - 2 - 1 = 6

Cum χ calculat
2
< χ tab
2
VH DFFHSW  LSRWH]D F  vQWUH GLVWULEX LD HPSLULF  úL FHD WHRUHWLF  H[LVW 

FRQFRUGDQ 

Tabelul 6.2.
Limitele ni xi xini ( xi − x) 2 ni
intervalelor
0 1 2 3 4
6,2-6,6 4 6,4 25,6 10,24
6,6-7,0 12 6,8 81,6 17,28
7,0-7,4 44 7,2 316,8 28,16
7,4-7,8 90 7,6 684,0 14,40
7,8-8,2 107 8,0 856,0 0
8,2-8,6 86 8,4 722,4 13,76
8,6-9,0 36 8,8 316,8 23,04
9,0-9,4 15 9,2 138,0 21,60
9,4-9,8 6 9,6 57,6 15,36
Total 400 - 3198,8 143,84
xi sup − x φ(z) pi npi (ni − npi )2
zi =
σ np i
5 6 7 8 9
-2,3340 -0,4901 0,0099 4 0
-1,6675 -0,4525 0,0376 15 0,6
-1,0005 -0,3413 0,1112 44 0
-0,3335 -0,1293 0,2120 85 0,29
0,3335 0,1293 0,2586 104 0,09
1,0005 0,3413 0,2120 85 0,01
1,6675 0,4525 0,1112 44 1,45
2,3340 0,4901 0,0376 15 0
∞ 0,5000 0,0099 4 1
- - 1,00 400 3,44

6. 8Q SURGXF WRU GH GHWHUJHQ L LQGXVWULDOL SUHDPEDOHD]  SURGXVXO OD FXWLL FH WUHEXLH V  DLE  vQ

PHGLHNJ(OGRUHúWHV YHULILFHFRUHFWLWXGLQHDDPEDO ULLúLKRW U úWHV R rganizeze un sondaj

GHQ REVHUYD LLFXWLLSHQWUXFDUHRE LQHJUHXWDWHDPHGLH x = 11,85 kg, cu o abatere medie

S WUDWLF  σ   NJ 6  VH WHVWH]H LSRWH]D FRQIRUP F UHLD vQ PHGLH FXWLLOH DX FkWH  NJ FX

alternativa greutatea este difHULW GHNJNJVDX!NJSHQWUXRSUREDELOLWDWHGH.

6ROX LH

H0: x 0 = 12 kg
Ha: x 0 ≠ 12 kg ( x 0 < 12 kg sau x 0 > 12 kg).
 x − x 0 x − x 0 11,85 − 12
Testul statistic: z = = = = −3,0
σx σ/ n 0,5 / 10
Nivelul de încredere: 1 - α = 0,95
3UDJXOGHVHPQLILFD LHα GLQFDUHUH]XOW α/2 = 0,025 (deoarece avem test bilateral).

zα / 2 = z 0,025 = 1,96
Regiunea de respingere: zα / 2 < −1,96 sau zα / 2 > 1,96
Cum z calc > zα / 2 UH]XOW F LSRWH]DQXO HVWHUHVSLQV úLVHDFFHSW LSRWH]DDOWHUQDWLY DFHHDF 

vQFXWLLVHDIO RFDQWLWDWHGHGHWHUJHQ LVHPQLILFDWLYGLIHULW GHNJ

7. Într-o cercetare prin sondaj aleator privitoare la transportul în comun, au fost selectate 100 de
persoane pentru care s-D FDOFXODW YDORDUHD PHGLH D ELOHWHORU FXPS UDWH vQWU-R OXQ  SHQWUX
WUDQVSRUWvQFRPXQXUEDQPLLOHLFXRDEDWHUHPHGLHS WUDWLF GHPLLOHL

Se cere:
a) 7HVWD L LSRWH]D QXO DFHHDFRQIRUPF UHLD YDORDUHD PHGLHD ELOHWHORUFXPS UDWHvQWU -o lXQ 
vQ FROHFWLYLWDWHD JHQHUDO  HVWH x 0 = 100 PLL OHL FX LSRWH]D DOWHUQDWLY  x 0 > 100 mii lei,

utilizând un nivel de încredere 1 - α = 0,95 (probabilitatea (1-α)⋅ ⋅100 = 95%).

b) 7HVWD L LSRWH]D QXO  x 0 = 100 mii leL FX LSRWH]D DOWHUQDWLY  x 0 ≠ 100 PLL OHL FX DFHHDúL
SUREDELOLWDWH,QWHUSUHWD LUH]XOWDWHOH

6ROX LH

a) H0: x 0 = 100 mii lei

Ha: x 0 > 100 mii lei

x − x 0 x − x 0 110 − 100
Testul statistic: z = = = = 1,67
σx σ/ n 60 / 10
Nivelul de încredere: 1 - α = 0,95
3UDJXOGHVHPQLILFD LHα = 0,05 (test unilateral dreapta)

zα = z 0,05 = 1,645
Cum z calc > zα  UH]XOW  F  LSRWH]D QXO  HVWH UHVSLQV   x 0 = 100  PLL OHL úL VH DFFHSW  LSRWH]D

DOWHUQDWLY  x 0 > 100 mii lei).

c) H0: x 0 = 100 mii lei

Ha: x 0 ≠ 100 mii lei

x − x 0 x − x 0 110 − 100
Test statistic: z = = = = 1,67
σx σ/ n 60 / 10
Nivelul de încredere 1 - α = 0,95
3UDJXOGHVHPQLILFD LHα GLQFDUHUH]XOW α/2 = 0,025 (deoarece avem test bilateral).

zα / 2 = z 0,025 = 1,96

Cum z calc < zα / 2     UH]XOW  F  VH DFFHSW LSRWH]D QXO  YDORDUHD PHGLH D ELOHWHORU

FXPS UDWHQXHVWHVHPQLILFDWLYGLIHULW GHPLLOHL

8. 8Q SURGXF WRU GH EDWHULL GRUHúWH V  YHULILFH GDF  SURFHQWXO EDWHULLORU GHI ecte este mai mic de
 3UHVXSXQHP F  VXQW VHOHFWDWH DOHDWRU  GH EDWHULL ILHFDUH HVWH WHVWDW  úL VXQW J VLWH 

EDWHULLGHIHFWH2IHU DFHVWHLQIRUPD LLVXILFLHQWHGRYH]LF SURFHQWXOEDWHULLORUGHIHFWHHVWHPDL

PLFGH"8WLOL]D LRSUREDELOLWDWHGH 99% de garantare a rezultatelor

6ROX LH

H0: p = 0,05
Ha: p < 0,05
w− p w− p
Testul statistic: z = =
σw w(1 − w)
n
w = 10 / 300 = 0,03
w(1 − w) 0,03 ⋅ 0,97
σw = = = 0,0098 ≅ 0,01
n 300

0,03 − 0,05
z= = −2
0,01
Nivelul de încredere 1 - α = 0,99
3UDJXOGHVHPQLILFD LHα = 0,01 (test unilateral stânga)

zα = z 0,01 = 2,33
Cum z calc < zα     UH]XOW  F  LSRWH]D QXO  QX VH UHVSLQJH DúDGDU QX DYHP VXILFLHQWH

GRYH]LSHQWUXDDILUPDF SURFHQWXOEDWHULLORUGHIHFWHHVWHPDLPLFGH

9. H[SHU LvúLH[SULP RSLQLLOHSULYLQGSUH XOXQXLSURGXVvQDQXOYLLWRU5H]XOWDWHOHDQFKHWHLVXQW

exprimate de indicatorii sintetici: x 0 = 2,63 mil. lei, s = 0,72 mil. lei. ( s =

(
∑ xi − x )2 ,
n −1
GHRDUHFH HVWH XQ HúDQWLRQ GH YROXP UHGXV 'DF  VH úWLH F  DQXO DFHVWD SUH XO PHGLX D IRVW GH

 PLO OHL VXQW PRWLYH VXILFLHQWH SHQWUX D VXV LQH LSRWH]D F  DQXO YLLWRU SUH XO PHGLX YD IL

VHPQLILFDWLY PDL PDUH ID  GH FHO GH DQXO DFHVWD" 6H YD XWLOL]D R SUREDELOLWDWH GH  GH

garantare a rezultatelor.

6ROX LH :
H0: x 0 = 2,01
Ha: x 0 > 2,01
x − x0 2,63 − 2,01
Test statistic: t = = = 1,96
s/ n 072 / 5
3UHVXSXQHUHGLVWULEX LDvQSRSXOD LDJHQHUDO HVWHDSUR[LPDWLYQRUPDO 

Nivelul de încredere 1 - α = 0,95

3UDJXOGHVHPQLILFD LHα = 0,05

tα ,n−1 = t 0,05;4 = 2,132

Regiunea de respingere: t > tα ,n −1
Cum t calc < tα ;n−1 UH]XOW F QXDYHPPRWLYHV UHVSLQJHPLSRWH]DQXO úLV DFFHSW P

LSRWH]DFRQIRUPF UHLDSUH XOPHGLXGHDQXOYLLWRUYDILVHPQLILFDWLYPDLPDUHID GHFHl de anul acesta.

10. 0DQDJHUXO XQXL UHVWDXUDQW GRUHúWH V  GHWHUPLQH GDF  R FRPSDQLH SXEOLFLWDU  D P ULW

VHPQLILFDWLYPHGLDvQFDV ULORU]LOQLFH(OFXOHJHGDWHSULYLWRDUHODGH]LOHvQDLQWHDFDPSDQLHL

úL OD  GH ]LOH GXS  vQFKHLHUHD FDPSDQLHL SXEOLFLWDUH 5H]XOWDWHOH SHQWUX FHOH GRX  SHULRDGH

sunt:
Înaintea campaniei 'XS FDPSDQLH

n1 = 50 n2 = 50
x1 = 12,55 mil. lei x 2 = 13,30 mil. lei
σ 1 = 2,15 mil. lei σ 2 = 2,38 mil. lei
,QIRUPD LLOH RE LQXWH VXQW VXILFLHQWH SHQWUX D VXV LQH LSRWH]D FRQIRUP F UHLD PHGLLOH

vQFDV ULORU GLIHU  VHPQLILFDWLY DGLF  VXQW VHPQLILFDWLY PDL PDUL  GXS  FDPSDQLD SXEOLFLWDU " 6  VH

utilizeze o probabilitate de 95%.

6ROX LH

H0: x 01 − x 02 = 0 kg
Ha: x 01 − x 02 < 0 NJDGLF x 01 < x 02 ) .

Test statistic: z =
(x1 − x 2 )− 0
σ (x
1− x2 )

3UHVXSXQkQGF FHOHGRX HúDQWLRDQHVXQWLQGHSHQGHQWH

σ 12 σ 22
σ (x
1− x2 )
= +
n1n2
12,55 − 13,30 12,55 − 13,30
z= = = −1,42
(2,15) + (2,38)
2 2 0 ,53
50 30

Regiunea de respingere: z > z 0,05 = 1,645 .

Cum z calc < zα =0,05  UH]XOW  F  QX DYHP PRWLYH V  UHVSLQJHP LSRWH]D QXO  FRQIRUP F UHLD

GLIHUHQ DGLQWUHFHOHGRX PHGLLQXHVWHVHPQLILFDWLYGLIHULW GHQXVXQWVXILFLHQWHGRYH]LSHQWUXD

VXV LQHFUHúWHUHDvQFDV ULORUGXS FDPSDQLH

Probleme propuse

1. 5 VSXQGH LODXUP WRDUHOHvQWUHE UL

a) &DUHHVWHGLIHUHQ DGLQWUH+0úL+a ?
b) 'HILQL LILHFDUHGLQXUP WRDUHOH

ƒ Eroare de tip I;
ƒ Eroare de tip II;
ƒ α;
ƒ β.
c) &kQGULVFD LV IDFH LRHURDUHGHWLS,"'DUGHWLS,,"

d) ÌQWHVWDUHDLSRWH]HORUFHGHWHUPLQ P ULPHDUHJLXQL i critice?

2. 3HQWUX ILHFDUH GLQ XUP WRDUHOH UHJLXQL FULWLFH VFKL D L GLVWULEX LD OXL ] úL LQGLFD L ORFXO UHJLXQLL

critice Rc:
a) z > 1,96;
b) z > 1,645
c) z > 2,575
d) z < -1,29
e) z < -1,645 sau z > 1,645
f) z < -2,575 sau z > 2,575.
3HQWUXILHFDUHUHJLXQHFULWLF VSHFLILFD LFDUHHVWHSUREDELOLWDWHDFDRHURDUHGHWLS,V VHIDF DWXQFL

când H0HVWHDGHY UDW 

3. 3UHVXSXQHPF VXQWH LLQWHUHVD LvQUH]ROYDUHDWHVWXOXL

H0: m = 200
Ha: m > 200
úL GHFLGH L V  XWLOL]D L XUP WRDUHD UHJXO  GH GHFL]LH VH UHVSLQJH +0 GDF PHGLD D  GH REVHUYD LL

este mai mare de 212.

Se cere:
a) ([SULPD LGHFL]LDvQWHUPHQL]
b) 'HWHUPLQD LSUREDELOLWDWHDHPLWHULLHURULLGHJHQXO,

4. În 1930 s-a propus utilizarea poligrafului pentru detectarea minciunilor. Pentru a se

YHGHD FkW GH ELQH OXFUHD]  s- D HIHFWXDW XUP WRDUHD FHUFHWDUH GDF   GH SHUVRDQH

VXQW WHVWDWH úL  GH SHUVRDQH VSXQ DGHY UXO LDU  PLQW SROLJUDIXO D LQGLFDW F 

DSUR[LPDWLY  GH SHUVRDQH FDUH DX IRVW LGHQWLILFDWH FD VSXQkQG DGHY UXO DX PLQ LW vQ

realitate, iar 120 de pers RDQH FDUH DX IRVW LQGLFDWH F  DX PLQ LW vQ UHDOLWDWH DX VSXV

DGHY UXO'DF 

H0VSXQHDGHY UXO
Ha: minte.
a) Care este eroarea de tip I? Dar de tip II?
b) Care este probabilitatea comiterii unei erori de tipul I? Dar probabilitatea comiterii unei
erori de tipul II?

5. 'DF  VH HIHFWXHD]  WHVWDUHD XQHL LSRWH]H VWDWLVWLFH XWLOL]kQG α = 0,05, pentru care din
XUP WRDUHOHYDORULDOHOXL φ(z)YDILUHVSLQV LSRWH]DQXO "

a) 0,44;
b) 0,499;
c) 0,40;
d) 0,249;
e) 0,49;
f) 0,458.
6. Pentru fiecare din valorile φ(z)úLα observate, specificD LGDF LSRWH]DQXO HVWHUHVSLQV 

a) α = 0,05; φ(z) = 0,40

b) α = 0,10; φ(z) = 0,45
c) α = 0,01; φ(z) = 0,499
d) α = 0,025; φ(z) = 0,45
e) α = 0,10; φ(z) = 0,05.

7. Într-XQ WHVW vQ FDUH VH WHVWHD]  LSRWH]D QXO  H 0 : m ≤ 100 cu H a : m > 100 VH RE LQH valoarea
WHVWXOXL] $IOD LSUDJXOGHVHPQLILFD LHREVHUYDWDOWHVWXOXL

8. 'DF  VH WHVWHD]  H 0 : m = 100 cu H a : m ≠ 100 úL VH RE LQH ]   DIOD L SUDJXO GH

VHPQLILFD LHREVHUYDWDOWHVWXOXL

9. Un fabricant de automobile a HVWLPDWF XQQRXWLSGHPDúLQLRE LQHXQFRQVXPPHGLXGHO

 NP GDU FRPSDQLD FDUH GRUHD V  FRPHUFLDOL]H]H DFHVWH PDúLQL SUHWLQGHD F  FRQVXPXO

GHS úHúWHHVWLPD LDSURGXF WRUXOXL3HQWUXDVXV LQHDILUPD LDFRPSDQLDDVHOHFWDWGHPDúLQL

úLDvQU
egistrat consumul. au rezultat datele:
x = 11,8 l / 100 km; σ = 3,0 l / 100 km.
Se cere:
a) 'DF FHLLQWHUHVD LGRUHVFV DUDWHF PHGLDFRQVXPXOXLHVWHPDLPDUHGHONPFDUH
HVWHLSRWH]DQXO "'DULSRWH]DDOWHUQDWLY "

b) (IHFWXD LWHVWD rea pentru α = 0,05.

10. 2 FRPSDQLH GRUHúWH V  LQWURGXF  R QRX  PHWRG  GH SURGXFHUH D XQXL SURGXV 6H VHOHFWHD]  

GHSURGXVHSHQWUXFDUHVHvQUHJLVWUHD] WLPSLLGHSURGXFHUHFXYHFKHD PHWRG úL GHSURGXVH

SHQWUXQRXDPHWRG 5H]XOWDWHOHVXQW

Metoda actXDO  1RXDPHWRG 

n1 = 50 n2 = 50
x1 = 27,3 minute x 2 = 25,4 minute
s1 = 3,7 minute s 2 = 3,1 minute

6  VH DUDWH XWLOL]kQG R SUREDELOLWDWH GH  GDF  UH]XOWDWHOH RIHU  VXILFLHQWH LQIRUPD LL pentru a
LQGLFDIDSWXOF QRXDPHWRG GXFHODXQFRQVXPGHWLPSVHPQLILFDWLYPDLPLF

11. $QDOL]DXQXLHúDQWLRQDOHDWRUGHGHREVHUYD LLDGXVODXUP WRDUHOHUH]XOWDWH

x 0 = 20,7 ; ( )2
∑ xi − x = 2,155
Se cere:
c) 7HVWD LLSRWH]DQXO  x 0 = 0,47 FXLSRWH]DDOWHUQDWLY  x 0 < 0,47 utilizând o probabilitate de 90%.
d) 7HVWD L LSRWH]D QXO  x 0 = 0,47 FX LSRWH]D DOWHUQDWLY  x 0 ≠ 0,47 utilizând o probabilitate de
90%.
12. Un analist financiar presupunH F  YDORDUHD IDFWXULORU HPLVH GH ILUPD OD FDUH OXFUHD]  HVWH vQ

PHGLH GH SHVWH  PLO OHLIDFWXU  3HQWUX D VXV LQH DFHDVW  LSRWH] HO VHOHFWHD] DOHDWRU  GH

IDFWXUL HPLVH vQ XOWLPD OXQ  SHQWUX FDUH vQUHJLVWUHD]  YDORULOH PLO OHL    
12, 8, 9,
10, 11, 9, 9, 10, 10, 9, 10, 10, 11, 9, 8, 9, 6, 10, 7, 10, 9, 13, 9, 10, 11, 10, 9, 9 , 9, 17, 12, 6, 10,
           6  VH WHVWH]H LSRWH]D DQDOLVWXOXL SHQWUX R SUREDELOLWDWH GH

garantare a rezultatelor de 99%.

13. PresupXQHP F  vQ XUPD XQXL VRQGDM DOHDWRU GH  GH REVHUYD LL SHQWUX R FDUDFWHULVWLF 
DOWHUQDWLY  V-D RE LQXW PHGLD Z   úL GRULP V  WHVW P LSRWH]D QXO  F  vQ FROHFWLYLWDWHD

JHQHUDO PHGLD pHVWHFXLSRWH]DDOWHUQDWLY S6 VHXWLOL]H]HXQSUDJGHVHPQLILFD LH

α   6  VH WHVWH]H SHQWUX DFHODúL SUDJ GH VHPQLILFD LH LSRWH]D QXO  p = 0,7 cu ipoteza
DOWHUQDWLY p ≠ 0,7.

14. 8Q HúDQWLRQ DOHDWRU GH  GH SHUVRDQH DX IRVW WHVWDWH FX SULYLUH OD XQ QRX SURGXV GH VQDFN –
IRRG5 VSXQVXULOHDXIRVWFRGL ficate (0: nu-PLSODFHvPLSODFHúLOLVWDWH
1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1,
0, 0, 0, 1.
Se cere:
a) 8WLOL]D L R SUREDELOLWDWH GH  SHQWUX D HVWLPD LQWHUYDOXO vQ FDUH VH YD vQFDGUD SURSRU LD
FHORUF URUDOHSODFHSURGXVXOvQFROHFWLYLWDWHDJHQHUDO 

b) 7HVWD L LSRWH]D QXO  +0 : p =  FX LSRWH]D DOWHUQDWLY  +D p > 0,05, unde p HVWH SURSRU LD

FHORUF URUDOHSODFHSURGXVXOXWLOL]kQGRSUREDELOLWDWH de 95%.

15. 3UHVXSXQHP F  D L VHOHFWDW XQ HúDQWLRQ DOHDWRU GH  GH SHUVRDQH GLQWU R SRSXOD LH JHQHUDO 
-
FH FRQ LQH  p = 0,2) persoane favorabile unei propuneri. Care este probabilitatea ca

SURSRU LDGLQHúDQWLRQZV GLIHUHGHFHDGLQFROHFWLYLWDWHDJHQHUDO SFXPDLPXOWGH"

16. 8Q SURGXF WRU GH LPSULPDQWH SHQWUX FDOFXODWRDUH SHUVRQDOH GRUHúWH V  HVWLPH]H PHGLD

QXP UXOXL GHFDUDFWHUH WLS ULWH SkQ FkQG VHFRQVXP  FHUQHDOD &RVWXOFUHVFXWDO XQHLDVWIHO GH

DQFKHWH LPSXQH XWLOL]DUHD XQXL HúDQWLRQ GH YROXP UHGXV 3UHVXSXQHP F  DX IRVW WHVWDWH Q  

LPSULPDQWHúLV -au calculat: x 0 = 1,13 milioane caractere, s = 0,27 milioane caractere.

Se cere:
a) 6  VH WHVWH]H FX R SUREDELOLWDWH GH  LQWHUYDOXO GH vQFUHGHUH SHQWUX QXP UXO PHGLX GH
caractere.
b) 6  VH WHVWH]H LSRWH]D QXO  x 0 = 1,00 PLOLRDQH FX LSRWH]D DOWHUQDWLY  x 0 > 1,00 milioane
FDUDFWHUH XWLOL]kQG R SUREDELOLWDWH GH  vQ LSRWH]D GLVWULEX LHL QRUPDOH D QXP UXOXL GH

FDUDFWHUHvQFROHFWLYLWDWHDJHQHUDO