5.

61 2001

Lecture #18

page 1

62/87,216 72 7+( 5,*,' 52725

6ROYLQJ IRU WKH ULJLG URWRU SUREOHP ZH DUH QRZ OHIW ZLWK VROYLQJ WKH GLII HT

h2
2I

1

1 2
+ 2
sin
Y ( , ) = EY ( , )

sin
sin 2

HY ( , ) = EY ( , )

7KLV LV
ZLWK

H = K VLQFH WKH SRWHQWLDO V = 0

5HDUUDQJLQJ WKH GLII HT

2 IE 2
2

sin sin + h 2 sin Y ( , ) = 2 Y ( , )

RQO\

RQO\

:HYH VHSDUDWHG WKH YDULDEOHV MXVW DV LQ WKH ' SDUWLFOH LQ D ER[ SUREOHP

7U\

'HILQH

Y ( , ) = ( ) ( )

2 IE
h2

DV D VROXWLRQ

( note E )

2
sin sin + sin ( ) ( ) = 2 ( ) ( )

'LYLGLQJ E\ ( ) ( ) DQG VLPSOLI\LQJ

sin
( )

1 2

2
( )
sin
( ) + sin =

( ) 2

RQO\

RQO\

5.61 2001

Lecture #18

page 2

6LQFH DQG DUH LQGHSHQGHQW YDULDEOHV HDFK VLGH RI WKH HTXDWLRQ PXVW EH
HTXDO WR D FRQVWDQW P

DQG

1 2
( ) = m 2
2
( )

sin

2
2
sin
( ) + sin = m
( )

)LUVW VROYH IRU ( ) XVLQJ

2 ( )
= m 2 ( )
2

6ROXWLRQV DUH ( ) = Am e

im

%RXQGDU\ FRQGLWLRQV

and A me im
TXDQWL]DWLRQ

( + 2 ) = ( )

Ame

im( + 2 )

im( 2 )

= Ameim

= 1 and e

and A me
im( 2 )

im( + 2 )

= A me im

=1

m = 0, 1, 2, 3,....

7KLV LV RQO\ WUXH LI

P LV WKH PDJQHWLF TXDQWXP QXPEHU

( ) = Ameim

1RUPDOL]DWLRQ

( ) =

m = 0, 1, 2, 3,....

( ) ( ) d = 1

1 im
e
2

m = 0, 1, 2, 3,...

,,

5.61 2001

Lecture #18

page 3

1RZ OHWV ORRN DW ( )  1HHG WR VROYH ,,

sin

2
2
sin
( ) + sin = m
( )

&KDQJH YDULDEOHV x = cos
6LQFH 0
$OVR

( ) = P ( x )

dx
= d
sin

1 x +1

sin 2 = 1 cos 2 = 1 x 2

$IWHU VRPH UHDUUDQJHPHQW

d2
d
m2
(1 x ) dx2 P ( x ) 2 x dx P ( x ) + 1 x 2 P ( x ) = 0

7KLV LV WKH /HJHQGUH HTXDWLRQ

7KH FRQWLQXLW\ RI ( ) FRQVWUDLQW OHDGV WR D TXDQWL]DWLRQ IRU .

= l ( l + 1)

ZKHUH
DQG

l = 0, 1, 2,...
m = 0, 1, 2,..., l

7KLV GLUHFWO\ OHDGV WR TXDQWL]DWLRQ IRU WKH HQHUJ\

2 IE
= 2
h

h2
E = l ( l + 1)
2I

h2

E=
2I
l = 0, 1, 2,... IRU ULJLG URWRU XVH - LQVWHDG RI O

h2
EJ =
J ( J + 1)
2I

J = 0, 1, 2,...

6ROXWLRQV RI /HJHQGUH HT DUH DVVRFLDWHG /HJHQGUH SRO\QRPLDOV P

l

5.61 2001

Lecture #18

Pl

page 4

( x ) = Pl m ( cos )

P 0 ( cos ) = cos
1

1
( 3cos2 1)
2
1
P2 ( cos ) = 3cos sin

P1 ( cos ) = sin
1

P22 ( cos ) = 3sin 2

P00 ( cos ) = 1

P20 ( cos ) =

HWF
1

6R ( ) = Alm P
l

( cos )

2l + 1 ( l m )! 2
Alm =

2 ( l + m )!

ZKHUH Alm LV WKH QRUPDOL]DWLRQ FRQVWDQW

m
2
Alm Pl ( cos ) sin d = 1

6R QRZ SXWWLQJ LW DOO WRJHWKHU

lm ( r0 , , ) = Yl m ( , ) = lm ( ) m ( )
1

2l + 1 ( l m )! 2 m
m
im
Yl ( , ) =
Pl ( cos ) e

4 ( l + m )!

7KHVH IXQFWLRQV DUH FDOOHG VSKHULFDO KDUPRQLFV

7KH\ DUH WKH HLJHQIXQFWLRQV RI HY = EY IRU WKH ULJLG URWRU

1

Y00 =

3 2
Y11 = sin ei
8

( 4 )

12
1

3 2
Y10 =
cos
4

3 2
Y11 = sin e i
8
HWF