5.

61 2001

Lecture #12

page 1

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f = k ( X X 0 ) kx

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d 2x
f = ma = m 2 = kx
dt

d 2x k
+ x = 0
dt 2 m

5.61 2001

Lecture #12

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page 2

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x ( t ) = A sin ( t ) + B cos ( t )

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x ( 0 ) = x0

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x ( 0 ) = A sin ( 0 ) + B cos ( 0 ) = x0
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dx
dt

x =0

= cos ( 0 ) sin ( 0 ) = 0



B = x0

A=0

x ( t ) = x0 cos ( t )

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2
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1 dx 1
1 2
K = mv 2 = m = m x0 sin ( t ) = kx0 sin 2 ( t )

2
2 dt 2
2

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f ( x) =

dU
dx

1
1 2
U = f ( x )dx = ( kx )dx = kx 2 = kx0 cos 2 ( t )
2
2

5.61 2001

Lecture #12

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page 3

1 2
E = kx0 sin 2 ( t ) + cos 2 ( t )

1 2
E = kx0
2

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kx0
2

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5.61 2001

Lecture #12

dU
U ( X ) =U ( X0 ) +
dX

1 d 2U
( X X0 ) +
2 dX 2
X = X0

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dU
U ( x) =
dx

1 d 2U
x+
2 dx 2
x =0

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page 4

( X X0 )
X = X0

1 d 3U
+
3! dX 3

( X X0 )
X = X0

U ( X = X 0 ) = U ( x = 0) = 0

1 d 3U
x +
3! dx 3
x =0

x3 +L

x=0

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dU
dx

=0
x =0

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U ( x)

1 d 2U
2 dx 2

1
x 2 kx 2
2
x =0

x3 << x 2

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5.61 2001

Lecture #12

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M = m1 + m2

X COM =

total mass

mm
= 1 2
m1 + m2

page 5

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reduced mass

m1 X 1 + m2 X 2
m1 + m2

xrel = X 2 X 1 x

COM position
relative position

1 dX 1 dX
1 dX
1 dx
K = m1 1 + m2 2 = M COM +
2 dt 2 dt
2 dt 2 dt

1
U = kx 2
2
2

1 dX
1 dx 1
E = K + U = M COM + + kx 2
2 dt 2 dt 2

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Etrans

1 dX

= M COM
2 dt

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Evib

1 dx 1
= + kx 2
2 dt 2

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