Cellular Respiration

 All living things need

energy
 Energy in the form
of…
 Food=chemical
energy

Cell energy= ATP
Eukaryote vs Prokaryote
Glycolytic pathways
Prokaryotes
 Lack mitochondria??
 Free enzymes break
down glucose-ATP

 1 glucose=2 ATP
 No O2 needed so…
 ANAEROBIC
 Some,however…???
 Quiz-anaerobic gylcolysis
 Where in the cell does  Cytoplasm
gylcolysis occur?
 Fate of glucose in the  Fructose (isomer)
beginning of gylcolysis?  Invest 2 ATP get 4
 Explain “it takes energy to
make energy”??
 Net= 2 ATP
 How much net ATP is made?
 CO2 + NADH
 What else is made?
 Lactate or alcohol
 2 types of fermentation?
Mitochondrial structure
 Two compartments
inner and outer
 Inner=MATRIX
 Lotsa folds=…why?

 Outer=acid…why?
The Mitochondria
 Double membrane
 Has it’s own DNA!!
 Can reproduce in
cell…!
 Endosymbiont??
 Possible evolution?
Possible evolution of
mitochondria-endosymbiont
The Fate of PYRUVATE
 Taken into mitochondria
 Broken down to ACETATE
 CO2 produced

 Binds to large protein Coenzyme A to

produce acetyl Coenzyme A
The TCA or KREBS CYCLE
 CO2
 NADH &

FADH

 2 more ATP
Krebs Cycle
 Quiz-Krebs cycle (TCA cycle)
 What are the reactants?  Pyruvate (C3)
 What is produced?  2 ATP, CO2, NADH,
FADH
 What do we mean by
nonmembrane reactions?  Enzymes not embedded
 What is NADH? FADH?  Energy carriers
 What is CoA and why is it  Escort molecule to Krebs
important? cycle
3rd alternative pathway…
 Mitochondria and
 O2 needed
 Uses NADH and
FADH produced in
previous reactions
 To make more ATP
 Lots more!!
What is NADH?? FADH??
 ENERGY CARRIER!
 Same for FADH
 Carrier to…?
Electron Transport System
 ETS (cytochrome
chain) is a series of
reduction/oxidation
reactions
 Enzymes
embedded in
mitochondrial
membranes
ETS--Chemiosmosis
 RedOx reactions
pump H+ out of
matrix to…
 Outer compartment
 H+ = acid…aha!
Chemiosmosis
 H+ can only “fall” back into matrix thru
 A special enzyme/protein complex
 ATP SYNTHASE…guess what that
makes??
 But…how much ATP??
glycolysis
Alternatives to carbos?
 Fats (2X calories/gm)
but produce ketones
 Protein produces
ammonia!!
 We utilize some of
each but in small
amounts
Why are virtually all living
things aerobes??
 There’s lotsa O2
 Mitochondria
 MORE ATP/glucose!
 Protective enzymes
(SOD, catalase, etc)
Summary Quiz
 What are the reactants of aerobic
respiration?? Products? Equation?
 List the three respiratory stages:
 Where in the cell do each occur?
 What are the products of each?
 Why is oxygen needed?
 How much ATP is produced by
 Anaerobic gylcolysis?
 Aerobic glycolysis?
 List the 2 types of fermentation??