vkyfief;cGif

ab;uif;vkH+cKHa&;ESif@
usef;rma&; em;vnfr_

vk y f i ef ; cG i f a b;uif ; vk H + cH K a&;eS i f @ usef ; rma&;

rd w f q uf ynmay;pmapmif eH y gwf (1)

OHS Intr 1 Burmese.pmd 1 8/14/2006, 4:59 PM

 a[@ oli,fcsif;!
rif;tvkyfu rif;udk wjznf;jznf;eJ@
aoapEkdifwmudk rif;od&J@vm;?

cifAsm;bmudkqdkvdkwmvJ?
usaemfem;rvnfbl;?

rif;tvkyfrSm rawmfwqxdcdkufr_ jzpfoGm;

wmrsd K ;/ OyrmuG m rif ; tvk y f v k y f & if ; eJ @
'%f&m&oGm;wm/ usKd ;yJo h mG ;wm/ 'grrS [kwf
aoqH;k oGm;wmrsKd ;udak jymwm? tJ'u D pd aP wGe@J
ywfouf+yD; ydok cd si&f if qufzwf=unfah v?

OHS Intr 1 Burmese.pmd 2 8/14/2006, 4:59 PM

 t&ifwek ;f u 'Dar;cGe;f awGukd uk,
d @f u,dk u
f dk
ar;=unfhzl;&J@vm;? 'Dar;cGef;awG[m vkyfief;cGif
usef;rma&;eJ@ ab;uif;vHkòcHa&;vdk@ac:wJh t&mESifh
ywfoufygw,f? ta&;}uD;wJh 'Dta=umif;t&meJ@
ywfouf+yD; enf;enf;ajymjycsifygw,f?
vkyfief;cGifusef;rma&;eJ@ ab;uif;vHkòcHa&;
qdw
k m bmudq k vkd w
kd mvJ´? vkyif ef;cGiu
f se;f rma&;eJ@
ab;uif;vHkòcHa&;qdkwm vkyfief;cGifrSm&SdwJh tvkyf
orm;awG&J@ udk,fusef;rma&;/ pdwfusef;rma&;eJ@
vlr_usef;rma&;udkqdkvdkwm jzpfygw,f?

'Dvufurf;pmapmifxJrSmygwJ@ ooif;tcsuf
tvufawGtm;vHk;udk ydkrdk+yD;odcsifw,fqkd&if
pdik ;f pd;k (od@k r[kw)f zl;rlid ;f udk 053 811202
rSmqufoG,f ar;jref;Edkifygw,f?

OHS Intr 1 Burmese.pmd 3 8/14/2006, 4:59 PM

 cE<mudk,fusef;rma&;
ukd,fhtvkyfu udk,f@cE<mukd,feJ@ oifhawmf&J@vm;´?
'grSr[kwf '%f&mc%c%&+yD; t+rJyJemusifudkufcJ
apovm;´?

pdwfusef;rma&;
at;at;aq;aq;/ pdwfoufompGmeJ@yJ vkyfae&wm
vm;´? (okd@) tvkyfrsm;wJ@twGufa=umifh t+rJwrf;yJ
pdwfnpfae&ovm;´?

OHS Intr 1 Burmese.pmd 4 8/14/2006, 4:59 PM

 vlr_a&;qkdif&m usef;rma&;
oif@vkyfief;cGifrSm wef;wlnDr#qufqHr_&Sd&J@vm;´?
(ok@d ) cGjJ cm;qufqrH a_ wGaum &Sv
d m;´?

“ukd,f@rdom;pkeJ@ ukd,fhb0usef;rmaysmf&$ifa&;[m
vkyif ef;cGirf mS &Sw
d hJ uk,
d &hf @J cE<mud, k /f pdwef @J vlra_ &;
ykdif;qkdif&m usef;rma&;ay:rSm tm;vHk;rlwnfae
ygw,f? tck u|Eyfk w f @kd vyk if ef;cGiuf se;f rma&;eJ@ ab;
uif;vkòH cHa&;ta=umif;udk enf;enf;ajymjyyg&ap?”

vkyfief;cGifxJrSm ukd,fhusef;rma&;eJ@ touftE &W m,f

udk xdcu
kd af pwJ@ ab;tE &W m,fawG/ pGe@f peG @f pm;pm;tvkyf
vkyaf e&wJah e&mawG[m b,fae&mawGv´J ?
vk y f i ef ; cG i f ab;uif ; vH k ò cH a &;ta=umif ; uk d
ajym&r,fq&dk if tvkyo f rm;awG[m uk, d &hf @J cE<mud,
k f
use;f rma&;/ pdwu f se;f rma&;eJ@ vlra_ &;qkid &f m use;f rm
a&;udk xdckdufEkdifavmufatmif pGef@pm;+yD;vkyf&wmudk
qdkvdkwmyg?
pGef@pm;r_qdkwm bmudkqdkvdkygovJ?
tvkyfvkyf&mrSmjzpfay:vmEdkifwJ@ xdcdkufr_awGudkqdkvdk
jcif; jzpfygw,f? tE &W m,fjzpfapEkid w f @J pGe@f pm;r_awG[m
udk,f@vkyfief;cGiftygt0if vkyfief;cGifwdkif;rSm &Sdae
ygw,f?

OHS Intr 1 Burmese.pmd 5 8/14/2006, 4:59 PM

 vkyfief;cGifab;uif;vHkòcHa&;ESifh usef;rma&;
tpDtpOf taeeJ@
yxrOD;qHk;
tvkyform;rsm;eJ@ tvkyf&SifawGudk vkyfief;
cGix
f rJ mS jzpfysuEf ikd w
f /hJ tE &W m,frsm;wJt
h a=umif; ydrk +kd y;D
od&Sdapzkd@ ynmay;oifwef;rsm; ay;ygr,f?
'kwd,tcsuftaeeJ@awmh
tvkyform;eJ@ tvkyf&SifawGudk tE W&m,fjzpf
EdkifwJht&mawGudk z,f&Sm;jypfjcif;/ajymif;vJwyfqifjcif;/
'grSr[kwf aocsmpGm udkifwG,foHk;pGJjcif;tm;jzifh
tE W&m,favsmhenf;atmif ðyvkyfoifhwJ@ta=umif;
ajymjyygr,f?

'Denf;vrf;ESprf sKd ;eJ@ vkyif ef;cGix

f rJ mS jzpfysuaf e
wJth E &W m,fjzpfapEdik w f t
hJ &mawGukd vkyif ef;cGiu f se;f rm
a&;ESihf ab;uif;vHòk caH &;tpDtpOfrS umuG,af y;ygr,f?
'g@tjyif vkyfief;cGifxJrSm a&ì@ajymif;oifhwJht&mawG/
aocsm udkifwG,ftoHk;ðyoifhwJh[mawGeJ@ywfouf+yD;
tE W&m,frsm;wJht&mawGudk trsdK;tpm; (6) ckcGJ+yD;
wifjyxm;ygw,f? tvkyform;awG[m ukd,fhusef;rm
a&;eJ@&if;+yD; vkyu
f ikd af e&wJ@twGuf 'DtE &W m,fawGukd
odxm;oif@ygw,f? ukd,fhvkyfief;cGifrSm &SdaewJh
tE W&m,fjzpfEkdifwJh 'DtrsdK;tpm; (6) ckta=umif;udk
ajymjyyg&ap?
6

OHS Intr 1 Burmese.pmd 6 8/14/2006, 4:59 PM

 1) pufypPnf;tE W&m,frsm;
pufypPn;f udtk oH;k ðyjcif;jzifh tE &W m,fjzpfapEdik yf gw,f?
oifhvkyfief;cGifrSm&SdwJhpufrSm tumtuG,fawGr&Sdbl;
qk&d if rawmfwq oifch E<mud, k t
f pdwt f ydik ;f pufxuJ dk
0ifoGm;wmyJjzpfEdkifovkd/ pufuae pifxGufvmwJh
t&m0wKtykx dif;tpav;awG[m tvkyform;awGukd
xdcdkuf'%f&m&apEdkifygw,f?

2) ud,
k cf E<mtwGut
f E &W m,frsm;
tvkyfvkyf&wJh ywf0ef;usifa=umifh cE<mudk,frSm
tE W&m,fjzpfapEdkifygw,f? oifhvkyfief;cGif[m vHk
avmufwJhtvif;a&mifr&Sdwmwkd@/ t&rf;qlnH+yD; av
aumif;avoef@r&wmwk@d / 'grrS [kwf npfywfwhJ tajc
taersKd ;&Sw
d ,fq&dk if a&m*gawGjzpfEidk +f y;D awmh/ rD;avmif
vG,wf yhJ pPn;f awGukd odak vSmifxm;w,fq&dk ifvJ rD;ab;
tE W&m,fawGjzpfyGm;Ekdifygw,f?

OHS Intr 1 Burmese.pmd 7 8/14/2006, 4:59 PM

 3) "mwkaA'tE W&m,frsm;
"mwkaA'ypPnf;rsm;oHk;jcif;[mvJ tE W&m,fjzpfapEdkif
ygw,f? "mwkaA'ypPnf;[m tvkyform;awGudk
b,fvkdenf;awGeJ@ xdckdufapEkdifovJqkd&if 'D"gwkaA'
ypPn;f awGe@J tvkyv f yk &f wJt
h wGuf &l&u
dl &f muae cE<m
uk,d x
f u J 0dk ifomG ;wm/ ta&jym;awGay:ukd pGe;f xdomG ;
&muae jzpfvmwJhab;tE W&m,fwkd@/ tr_rJhtrSwfrJh
vuf raq;yJ tpmpm;&muae vnf¹yeG x f u
J 0dk ifomG ;+y;D
jzpfomG ;wJh ab;tE &W m,fawGudk qkv d w dk myg?

4) roifhawmfwJhywf0ef;usifrSmtvkyfvkyf
udkif&jcif;a=umifh &&SdwJhtE W&m,frsm;

oifvh yk if ef;cGirf mS &Sw

d hJ pufypPn;f awG[m oifch E<mud,k f
twGuf vkdufavsmnDaxGr_rjzpfbl;qkd&if tE W&m,f
jzpfwwfygw,f? tvkyform;u tvkyfwpfckudk yHkpH
wpfrsKd ;eJ@yJ (wpfae&mxJrmS yJ) xyfcgwpfvv J eJ @J ajymif;
vJrr_ &Sbd J tm;tifawGo;Hk +y;D vkyaf ewm/ usi;f usi;f =uyf
=uyfvyk af e&wm/ tJvrdk sKd ;tcsed u f mv =umjrifph mG vkyf
ukdifae&w,fqkd&if =umvmwJhtcg oifhcE<mudk,fudk
emusifxdckdufap+yD; a&m*g&apEdkifygw,f?
8

OHS Intr 1 Burmese.pmd 8 8/14/2006, 4:59 PM

 5) pdwfukdxdckdufapwJh tE W&m,frsm;
ukd,fh&J@vkyfief;cGifrSm tvkyfawGukd twif;t"rR cdkif;
wmwk@d / tvkyo f rm;wpfO;D eJ@wpfO;D =um;rSm rsuEf mS }u;D
rsufESmi,fxm;+yD; qufqHwm/ }uD;Ekdifi,fjiif; tEkdif
usifhr_awG/ cGJjcm;rlawGtm;vkH;ukd qkdvkdwmyg? tJ'D
twGuaf =umifh &vmwJh (tvkycf iG u f ae&vmwJ)h pk;d &drf
ylyefral wGtm;vk;H [m pdwu f xdk cd u
dk af pEkid w
f hJ tE &W ,f
rsm;vkd@ac:ygw,f?

OHS Intr 1 Burmese.pmd 9 8/14/2006, 4:59 PM

 6) a&m*gydk;r$m;rsm;ESifhqdkifaom
tE W&m,frsm;
vl@cE<mudk,fxJukd 0if
a&mufEikd w
f hJ yd;k r$m;rsm;
uaewqifh jzpfvmwJh
tE &W m,fawGudk ajym
wmyg? wDbDa&m*geJ@
tzsm;a&m*gawG [ m
npfywf+y;D vlO;D a& xl
xyf w J h ywf 0 ef ; usif
awGrmS vsijf refpmG ul;
pufEidk w
f mrsKd ;ukd qkv d dk
wmyg?

txufrSmazmfjycJhwJh tE W&m,fjzpfapEdkifwJh
trsdK;tpm; (6) ckuae uif;vGwfwJhvkyfief;cGif[m
bmjzpfvkd@ usef;rmwJhvkyfief;cGifjzpf+yD;/ tJ'Dvkyfief;cGif
awGrSm bma=umifhypPnf;awG ykd+yD;xkwfvkyfEkdifw,f
qdwk mudak jymjyygrh ,f? '%f&m&apEkid w f hJ t&mawG/
usef;rma&;xdckdufr_awGr&Sdatmif vkyfaqmifjcif;eJ@
vkyif ef;cGiaf b;uif;vkðH crH _ aumif;rGejf cif;[m tvky&f iS f
twGuf b,fv0dk ifaiGw;dk apw,fqw dk m u|Eyfk wf @dk taeeJ@
ajymjyyg&ap?

10

OHS Intr 1 Burmese.pmd 10 8/14/2006, 4:59 PM

 tvkyf&SifeJ@tvkyform; ESpfOD;ESpfzufpvHk;twGuf
vkyif ef;a=umif&h vmwJh xdcu
kd 'f %f&m/ a&m*gb,eJ@
aoqHk;r_awG[m b,fvkdtusdK;rJ@apovJqkdwmukd
pOf;pm;=u&atmif?

tvkyform;twGuf jy\emawGuawmh
 aq;ukozkd@vdkr,f
 b,folu aq;zdk;ay;rSmvJ´
 tvkyfrvkyfEdkif&if bmjzpfrvJ´
 ukd,fhrdom;pka&m 0rf;renf;bl;vm;´
pdwfraumif;rjzpfbl;vm;´
 0ifaiGr&Sdwmukda&m ra=umufbl;vm;´

tvky&f iS t
f wGujf y\emawGuawmh
 xdcdkuf'%f&m&wJh tvkyform;twGuf
avsmfa=u;ay;&r,f?
 tawG@tóuHaumif;&SdwJh tvkyform;
wpfa,mufqHk;&_H;r,f?
 tvkyo f rm;opfukd vkyif ef;ta=umif; oifay;
&r,f?
 ukex f wk v
f yk rf &_ yfqidk ;f oif&h if &yfqidk ;f &r,f?
 vkyfief;ukr`%Demrnfysufr,f ?

a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;awGtwGuf vkyfief;cGifusef;rm
a&;eJ@ ab;uif;vHkòcHa&; raumif;wJhae&mawGudk wdk;
wufajymif;vJatmif u|Ekyf wf @kd tm;vH;k bmawGvyk Ef ikd f
rvJ´?

11

OHS Intr 1 Burmese.pmd 11 8/14/2006, 4:59 PM

 u|Ekfyfwdk@tm;vHk; vkyfief;cGifusef;rma&;eJ@ ab;
uif;vHòk cHa&;ta=umif; ydrk o kd &d adS tmif av@vm=u&r,f?
vdktyfwJh wdwfacG/ a&'D,dktpDtpOfawG/ vufurf;pm
apmifawGukd ruf(yf) &H;k u xkwaf 0oGm;ygr,f?
a&$@ajymif;tvkyo f rm;awG&@J vkyif ef;cGix f rJ mS &Sw
d hJ
use;f rma&;eJ@ ab;uif;vHòk caH &;tajctaeawGukd avhvm
=unh+f y;D / t&ifq;kH bmvky&f r,fqw kd mudk tvkyo
f rm;awG
qD u tcsuf t vuf a wG u d k p k p nf ; +yD ; quf v uf p D p Of
oGm;rSmjzpfygw,f?
u|Ekfyfwdk@&J@ vkyfief;cGifxJrSm&SdwJh usef;rma&;eJ@
ab;uif;vHkòcHa&;udk b,fvdkaumif;rGefwdk;wufatmif
ðyvkyrf ,fqw kd m qH;k jzwf=uygr,f? 'Dta=umif;udak jymzd@k /
aqG;aEG;zd@k ruf(yf) uaep+yD; aqG;aEG;yGaJ wGukd OD;aqmif
oGm;ygr,f?
vkyif ef;cGix
f rJ mS &Sw
d hJ use;f rma&;eJ@ab;uif;vHòk cH
a&;udk od&Sdjcif;tm;jzifh tvkyform;awG&J@ toufudk
u,fEikd yf gw,f? vkyif ef;cGiu f use;f rma&;eJ@ ab;uif;vHòk cH
a&;ta=umif;udkavhvmzdk@ u|Ekfyfwdk@eJ@yl;aygif;yg?

MAP Foundation
P.O. Box 7 CMU Post Office, Chiang Mai 50202
Tel/Fax: +66 (0) 53 811 202
Email: ohs@mapfoundationcm.org

WEBSITE: www.mapfoundationcm.org
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media@mapfoundationcm.org

OHS Intr 1 Burmese.pmd 12 8/14/2006, 4:59 PM