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. ""
.
, RSA/SC- 85%
, . :
) ,(LSP ) ,(TST ) REM ,(%AS ,
) NREM ,(%QS , ) ,(%AW ) .(%OOC
, ,
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, , ,
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.
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) , ,( , .
.
,(Beck (BDI
2 : ) ,(PES
) ,(Stepwise ,
, 12 . ,
12 , .
.
. , .2
) ,(GLM ) ,(LSP 1
3 .[F (4, 76) = 18.48, p<0.01 ] .
, 1 3
, .(F(4, 76) = 7.12, p < 0.01 ] , ,
, 1 3 F (4, 76) = 33.22,] .
.[p<0.01 , , ,
. ] ,[F(4,76)=158.28, p<0.01
] ,[F(4,76) = 173.97, p<0.01 1 . ,
] .[F(4,76)=28.38, p<0.01 .
, 24 , , ,.
, , ,
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.
. 1 12
] .[F(4,57) = 4.86, p<0.01 , , , 27.6%-.
, 12 , ) 46.4% - .(2
, .
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.
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) .(2 ,
, .
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, .
, ) ,(%ss 56.6%- 43.4% ,
. %SS GLM- ,
.
,
) ) (RSA )) .(SC 9 , RSA-
, ] ,[F(4,76) = 2.53, p<0.04 ],[F(4,76) = 2.53, p<0.04
.SC- , RSA- ,
, RSA- SC- .
. . , , 3 12-,
.4 6 , , , 0.27
0.53- .
. . (81%) 65 , (15%) 12 ,
(4%) 3 . 44 , ) (56% 35- )
(44% . .
.Beck BDI .5 BDI
12- ] .[F(5,73) = 7.63, p<0.0.1
, - .(Beck et al (1988
. PES .5
.
, 6 12
].[F(2,74) = 3.85, p<0.02 and F(2,74) = 5.99, p<0.01
. ,5 PSOCS
.[F(2,75) = 11.44, p< 0.00] 12 " " ]= )F(2,75
.[11.16, p<0.00 , .
. , 12 - .
] .[C=.57, p=0.0 76 , ,
(65%)49 " " (18%)14 , " " (5%)4 ,
" " (12%)9- " " . -
.(Bartholomew and Horowitz (1991
. . ,
) .(4 , , (8%) 6 , ,
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(60% , , 12 , ) 37-
.(47% , ,
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, , ) 32%
21% 12(.
. , ) .(4
, . ,
"" " " , , .
, , , Cochran's Q (4)=27.56, ] ,
.[p<0.00 , 43.4%- 26.3%- 12.
,- ""
. , ]
.[F(4,57) = 11.03, p<0.00 , 30% -
. 60%- 6 , 9 40%- .50%-
, , . ,
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.
. ) .(4 78 ,
78% : , 24%- 12 ]Q(4) = 114.72,
p<0.00]. 61 19 , 12 . ,
12 . ,
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.
,4 ,
, . , , 1.58 3
] = ,,SD = 1.85]0-12 1.22- 12 ] = .,SD = 1.23]0-6 ,
.
, 6 ) = 0.5
,SD = 4.56 ,26.75 = )3.72 12 ) = ,SD = 3.77 ,23 0.5 =
.)2.91
: 12
, , 12 , .
, , 12,
.
. , 12
.
. 12 , ,
, 12 ,(M= 33.68, SD = 37.55). ) M = 50.37, SD = 34.39; t(70) = 1.96,
.(p<0.05
) ,(r(71) = 0.30, p<0.01 ) ,(r(69) = 0.29, p<0.01
) ,(r(69) = -0.28, p<0.02 ) ,(r(69) = - 0.32, p<0.00
, 12 .
, .
. , , 9 )= )r(51
(-0.44, p<0.00 12 ) (r(56) = -0.32, p<0.02 12 .
, . )
( , 3 ) ,(r(72) = -0.31, p<0.00 6 ) ,(r(72) = -0.36, p<0.00 9
) ,(r(72) = -0.47, p<0.00 12 ) ,(r(72) = -0.56, p<0.00
, . ,
, 3 ) ,(r(64) = 0.33, p<0.01 6 )
,(r(58) = 0.30, p<0.02 9 ) ,(r(52) = 0.41, p<0.00
12 , , .
, , ,
12 ) .(r(72) = 0.33, p<0.01 , 12
, RSA SC , ,
.(r(72) = 0.45, p<0.00 ) .
, ,
) 12 , 3( ,
.
. ) ,(r(72) = 0.26, p<0.03
) ,(r(72) = 0.37, p<0.00 ) ,(r(72) = -0.49, p<0.00 )= )r(72
,(0.46, p<0.00 ) (r(72) = 0.312, p<0.01
) ,(r(72) = -0.35, p<0.00 12 . ,
.
\ , .
, ,
.
.
, 6 , , ,
.Stepwise : , 12 , 12 ,
, 3 , , ,
. 12 ,
, , 3 )
.(6 , , ,
, 22% , , . ,
, 3 , ] .[F(3,79) = 18.16, p<0.00 ,
40% 12 ) .(adjusted R = 0.395
, .
, ,
, .
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) (RSA ) ,(SC
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) .(Winnicot, 1953
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.
9
Sleep Patterns and Sleep Disruptions in School Age Children
"
:
" ) -( .
.
. ,
.
' .
.
,
. ,
.
, , " .
140 ) 72 68 , : , ,(
) (Activity monitors .actigraph ,
. ,
.
. 18% ) .(fragmented sleep
.
) .( , , -
.
.I
. -
:
) .(Dahl, 1996b; Sadeh, 1996; Sadeh & Gruber 1998
,
.
,PTSD ,
);American Psychiatric Association (APA), 1994; Dahl, 1996b;Dahl & Puig-Antich, 1990; Ford& Kamerow, 1989
(Sadeh & Gruber 1998; Sadeh, McGuire, et al, 1995; Wolfson & Carskadon, 1998
, :
) Carey, 1974; Novosad, Freudigman, & Thoman 1999; Owens et al, 1997, Sadeh, Lavie, & Scher, 1994; Shaefer,
.(1990; Van Tassel, 1985; Weissbluth & Liu, 1983; Zuckerman, Stevenson, & Bailey, 1987
.
) ADHD- ( ADHD :
)(Chervin, Dillon, Bassetti, Ganoczy, &Pituch, 1997; Corckum, Tannock, Moldofsky, 1998; Dahl, 1996b
:
) Dahl, 1996b; Epstein, Chillag& Lavie 1998; Hansen & Vanderberg 1997; Marcotte et al 1998; Randazzo,
(Muehlbach, Scweitzer & Walsh 1998; Wolfson & Carskadon, 1998
, .
. , ,
- " . -
) (1 ) (2 .
(1) : ) ( ) (2
.
: - "
.
.1
- - .
)(Sadeh & Anders 1993; Thoman 1975, 1990
: , , -
.
Anders & Eiben 1997; Mindell 1993, Sadeh & Anders 1993; Sadeh & Gruber) .
(1998; Stores, 1996
- (1) : -
- (2) ,
. ,
- , , )(
) ,(Weissbluth, 1995 ,
).(Wolfson, 1996
) (1 , , ,
.
) ) .Mindell 1993, Richman 1987, Sadeh & Anders 1993 ,
, .
, ,
.
) .(Anders 1979; Sadeh 1994,1996
.
) ( (2 , ,
) .(Thorpy, Korman, Spielman&Glovinsky 1988
-
) .(puberty
.
;Carskadon, & Dement 1987; Wolfson& Carskadon 1998) (Carskadon 1990
- .
(1) : ) (circadian rhythm (2)- .
) (1 "
(2) . ,
) .(Borbely, 1994 , )(
.
.
)(Epstein et al 1998; Tynjala, Kannas,&Levalahti 1997; Wolfson& Carskadon 1998
) , (.
.2
20-30% ) ( 3 .
)(Anders&Eiben 1997; Mindell 1993; Richman 1987; Sadeh & Anders 1993; Sadeh & Gruber 1998
" , .1-5% -
) .(Gass & Strauch 1984; Richman, Stevenson & Graham 1982 , -
,.
.Carskadon, Dement &Harvey, 1978) (Anders . '
1989 43% 8-10 .
" (DSM (1994 - " ) " " 14% .
, 11-33.4%
);Bearpark & Michie 1987; Kirmil-Gray, Eagleston, Gibson & Thorensen 1984; Morrison, McGee, & Stanton, 1992
(Price, Coates, Thorensen,& Grinstead 1978
) (Blader, Koplewicz, Abikoff & Foley 1997 ) "(:
27%
11% ) (
17%
6.5%
17%
, ) (Rona, Gulliford & Chin 1988 ).(5%
, ),
) Primary insomnia ( ( ,
.
".
.3 -
- .
-:
) (a : , ,
)(Morrell 1999; Rona et al 1998; Sadeh &Anders 1993; Van Tassel 1985
) (b - )(Moore 1989; Sadeh 1996
) (c , ,
)(Carskadon 1990; Wolfson 1996; Wolfson & Carskadon 1998
, . ,
.
)(Anders & Eiben 1997; Mindell 1993; Sadeh &Anders 1993; Sadeh & Gruber 1998; Stores 1996
.4
" 2 :
) (1 ,
.
) (2 .
) (1
) , ( )
.(polysomnographic) (Kahn, Dan, Groswasser, Franco & Sottiaux, 1996
).(Sadeh 1994,1996
,"
1-2 , .
, , ,
.(Ferber 1996; Sadeh 1994, 1996; Wolfson 1996) .
Actigraphy )( -
.
)Cole, Kripke, Gruen, Mullaney& Gillin 1992; Sadeh, Acebo, Seifer,Aytur & Carskadon 1995; Sadeh, Hauri, Kripke
.(& Lavie 1995; Sadeh, Lavie, Scher, Tirosh & Epstein, 1991; Sadeh, Sharkey, Carskadon, 1994
.
.
-
- ) (1 85-95%
)(Sadeh, Acebo et al 1995; Sadeh, Hauri, et al 1995; Sadeh, Sharkey, et al, 1994
-
.
) (2
: DSM-IV2 - ) (APA, 1994:
) (a ,
.
) (b ) ( , , .
)(APA, 1994
,
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.
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Minde et al 1993) (Kerr & Jowett ;1994
,
.
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.
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:
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)(c
)(d
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174 72 , 68.
3 :
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' ) 9.9-12.7 , 11.8" = (53
2 - , .
. 15$ .
4-5 .
. " , - . Actigraphic Scoring -
(Analysis (ASA , :
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.
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15 .
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: .
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% : .
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.III
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MANOVA .
ANOVA- " . :
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.(Acebo et al (1999 ,
).
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-.
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- .
.
) Carskadon, 1990; Carskadon & Dement 1987; Carskadon et al 1993; Tynjala et al 1997; Wolfson & Carskadon
.(1998
. -
.
) Carskadon, 1990; Carskadon & Dement 1987; Carskadon et al 1993; Tynjala et al 1997; Wolfson & Carskadon
.(1998
"" )(
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, .
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.
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1 5 .
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) (
.
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, ) .(Gau & Soong, 1995
.
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) .(Sadeh, Dark,& Vohr, 1996
.
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(1980
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)(Field & Reite,1984; Fisher & Rinehart,1990; Gunnar, Maone, & Fisch,1985;Selye, 1983
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