Professional Documents
Culture Documents
3 7
3 7
Flywheel
is
an
inertial as a
device.
It
absorbs during
energy when it
serves of
energy
supply the
energy when
requirement energy is
and
during
period
requirement
more
supply.
driving torque or load torque is fluctuating in nature, then a flywheel is usually torque engines called time with for. Many to or machines vary two have the are load patterns that cause the
over
cycle. a etc.
cylinders rock
example. other
compressors,
presses,
crushers
that have fly wheel. Flywheel absorbs mechanical energy by increasing its angular
Figure 3.3.1
Machine Design II
Design Approach
There are two stages to the design of a flywheel. First, the amount must be of energy and required the for the moment desired of degree of
smoothening
found
(mass)
inertia
needed
to absorb that energy determined. Then moment flywheel of geometry in a must be defined sized that caters and is the safe required against
inertia
reasonably
package
Design Parameters
Flywheel inertia (size) needed directly depends upon the acceptable
Speed fluctuation
The change in the shaft speed during a cycle is called the speed
Fl = max min
We can normalize this to a dimensionless ratio by dividing it by the
Machine Design II
Where shaft
is
nominal desired.
angular This
velocity,
and is a
ave
the
average parameter
or
mean to be
speed
coefficient
design
chosen by the designer. The smaller this chosen value, the larger the flywheel have to be and more the cost and weight to be added to the system. However the
smaller this value more smoother the operation of the device It is typically and set as to a high value as between 0.20 for 0.01 to 0.05 for like precision crusher
machinery
applications
hammering machinery.
Design Equation
The kinetic energy Ek in a rotating system =
1 I 2 2
( )
1 Im 2max 2 min 2
E K = E 2 E1 avg =
( max + min )
2
EK =
1 I 2avg 2 s E 2 E1 = Cf I2 Ek Is = 2 Cf avg
)( Cf avg )
Thus system
the in
mass order
moment to
of
inertia selected
Im
needed
in of
the speed
entire
rotating is
obtain
coefficient
fluctuation
Machine Design II
EK = Is =
The Im above equation to can the be
1 I 2avg 2 s Ek
)( Cf avg )
obtain change appropriate Ek for a flywheel specific inertia value
2 Cf avg
used to
corresponding
known
energy
Torque Time Relation without Flywheel A typical torque time relation for example of a mechanical punching
press without a fly wheel in shown in the figure. In the absence and of fly wheel and surplus enery operations. To smoothen or positive or enregy is avalible energy speed fly
initially during
intermedialty and be
negative of
punching can
stripping
magitidue speed
fluctuation
noted.
fluctuation
wheel is to be added and the fly wheel energy needed is computed as illustrated below
Machine Design II
34 200 A
7 020 0
Average
min
max
-34 200 0
Figure 3.3.2
Accumulation of Energy pulses under a Torque- Time curve From A to B B to C C to D D to A Area= E +20 073 -26 105 +15 388 -9 202 Accumulated sum =E +20 073 -6 032 +9 356 +154 Total Energy= E @min- E@min =(-6 032)-(+20 073)= 26 105 Nmm2 Min & max
min
@B @C
max
Figure 3.3.3
Machine Design II
0 360
Figure 3.3.4
Geometry of Flywheel
The geometry of a flywheel may be as simple as a cylindrical disc of solid wheels wheels material, with are a solid and disc of or hub may and of be rim of spoked by construction spokes or like arms As the conventional Small the fly
connected circular
discs size
cross
section.
energy
requirements changes to
flywheel peripheral
increases rim
geometry by webs
central
and
connected
Machine Design II
D d D0 D do
Figure 3.3.5
D0 D
d
a
The
latter
arrangement
is
more
efficient
of
material
especially
for
large flywheels, as it concentrates the bulk of its mass in the rim which is at the largest radius. Mass at largest radius contributes much more
Machine Design II
For a solid disc geometry with inside radius ri and out side radius ro, the mass moment of inertia I is
Im = mk 2 = m 2 2 (r + r ) 2 o i
m=
W 2 = ro ri2 t g g
Im =
4 4 r r t 2g o i
Where is materials weight density The equation is better solved by geometric proportions i.e by
assuming inside to out side radius ratio and radius to thickness ratio.
Stresses in Flywheel
Flywheel distributed being mass a and rotating attempts disc, to centrifugal pull it apart. stresses Its acts is upon similar its to
effect
t = r =
2 3 + v 2 2 1 + 3v 2 r ri + ro g 8 3+ v
2 2 3 + v 2 2 ri2 ro 2 ri + ro 2 r g 8 r
= material weight density, = angular velocity in rad/sec. = Poissons ratio, is the radius to a point of interest, ri and ro are inside and outside radii of the solid disc flywheel. Analogous to a thick cylinder under internal pressure the tangential
and radial stress in a solid disc flywheel as a function of its radius r is given by:
Machine Design II
Radius
t Tang. stress
Radial stress r
Radius
The point of most interest is the in inside a radius is where the stress the upon is a
maximum. stress at
causes point
failure
flywheel
typically and
tangential fracture
from
fracture
originated
explode causing of
extremely are a
stresses for
instead
checking
stresses,
maximum
which the stresses reach the critical value can be determined and safe operating factor. speed can some be calculated to or specified its based operation on a safety this
Generally
means
preclude
beyond
Machine Design II
Machine Design II
600 825 * 0.075 ( 21.88 * 6 * * 0.15 ) 538.125Nm Ek I= Cf avg 538.125 960 0.02 2 * 60 2
= 2.6622 kg m2
r 2 2 . r ri .t 2 g o r Assuming i = 0.8 ro 78500 2.6622 = * 0.304 0.244 t 2 9.86 = 59.805t I=
t= or
45 mm
t = t =
r 2 3 + 2 2 1 + 3 2 r r + ro g 3+ 8 i
78500 2 3 + 0.3 2 2 1.9 * 0.242 . 0.24 + 0.3 9.81 3.3 8 960 2 t = 0.543* 2 * 60 = 55667N / m 2 = 0.556MPa
or if t = 150 MPa 150 *106 = 7961.42 ( 0.4125 )( 0.0376 )( 0.090 )( 0.0331) = 0.5482 = 16544 rad / sec2
N OS = yield = 16544 32
= 164.65