USEFUL FORMULAS

Quantum Chemistry

Electrochemistry

E = h = hc/ = h/mv 4.5kBT = hc/ E = Z2ER(1/n2) x(mv) h/4 q = 4r2 5.67 108 T4

G = nFE Moles of e = It/F E = E (RT/nF) 2.303 logQ = E (RT/nF) lnQ E = (RT/nF) 2.303 logK = (RT/nF) lnK E = E

0.0592 logQ (at 25 C) n

Acids and Bases

Gas Laws

pKw = pH + pOH = 14.00 pKw = pKa + pKb = 14.00 pH = pKa + log{[A] / [HA]}
Colligative properties

PV = nRT (P + n2a/V2)(V nb) = nRT

Kinetics

= cRT

t = ln2/k k = AeEa/RT ln[A] = ln[A]o kt ln k2 Ea 1 ( - 1) = k1 R T1 T 2

Psolution = Xsolvent Psolvent p = kc

Tf = Kfm Tb = Kbm
Radioactivity

Thermodynamics & Equilibrium

t = ln2/ A = N ln(N0/Nt) = t
14

G = H TS G = G + RT lnQ G = RT lnK

C age = 8033 ln(A0/At) years

Kp = Kc (RT)n
Mathematics

Miscellaneous

A = log10

I I0

If ax2 + bx + c = 0, then x = ln x = 2.303 log x

b2 4ac 2a

A = cl E = A e2
4 0 r

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