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In this unit: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Properties of light Reflection Colours Refraction Properties of sound Hearing
LASER
1) Thunder and lightning start at the same time, but we will see the lightning first.
2) When a starting pistol is fired we see the smoke first and then hear the bang.
Homework
Shadows
Shadows are places where light is blocked:
Rays of light
Part 2 - Reflection
Reflection from a mirror:
Normal
Incident ray Reflected ray
Angle of incidence
Angle of reflection
Mirror
Rough, dull surfaces have a diffuse reflection. Diffuse reflection is when light is scattered in different directions
Using mirrors
Two examples:
Colour
White light is not a single colour; it is made up of a mixture of the seven colours of the rainbow.
We can demonstrate this by splitting white light with a prism:
Adding colours
White light can be split up to make separate colours. These colours can be added together again. The primary colours of light are red, blue and green: Adding blue and red makes magenta (purple) Adding blue and green makes cyan (light blue)
Seeing colour
The colour an object appears depends on the colours of light it reflects. For example, a red book only reflects red light:
White light
A pair of purple trousers would reflect purple light (and red and blue, as purple is made up of red and blue):
Purple light
White light
Red light
Using filters
Filters can be used to block out different colours of light:
Red Filter
Magenta Filter
Investigating filters
Colour of filter Red Green Blue Cyan Magenta Yellow Colours that could be seen
Red
Blue
Green
White
Yellow
Cyan
Magenta
Refraction
Refraction is when waves ____ __ or slow down due to travelling in a different _________. A medium is something that waves will travel through. When a pen is placed in water it looks like this:
In this case the light rays are slowed down by the water and are _____, causing the pen to look odd. The two mediums in this example are ______ and _______.
If something vibrates with a high frequency (vibrates very ______) we say it has a _____ pitch. If something vibrates with a low frequency (vibrates ______) we say it has a ____ pitch.
Drawing sounds
This sound wave has a _____ frequency:
Drawing sounds
This sound wave has a _____ amplitude (loud):
Hearing problems
Our hearing range can be damaged by several things:
1) Too much ear wax! 2) Damage to the auditory nerve 3) Illness or infections 4) Old age (not like Mr Richards)
1) Reflected sound reflections are called ______. 2) Refracted this is why you might sound strange if you try talking underwater
The Ear
Label your diagram with the following:
These bones are vibrated by the eardrum This tube carries the sound towards the eardrum This part is used to help us keep our balance This part picks up the vibrations This part of the ear contains many small hairs with turn vibrations into an electrical signal This part connects the ear to the mouth This part channels the sound towards the ear drum
The Ear