RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

cvwb m

` gYvjq

MYcRvZx evsjv`k miKvi

mPxc

1.
2.
3.
4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16

5.
6.

fwgKv ......................................................................................................................1
RvZxq cvwb bxwZ NvlYv .................................................................................. 2
RvZxq cvwb bxwZi Dkmgn ....................................................................... 3
RvZxq cvwb bxwZ ................................................................................................ 4
b`x AeevwnKv eevcbvt ............................................................................................ 4
cvwb m` cwiKbv I eevcbvt ................................................................................ 5
cvwbi AwaKvi Ges eUbt............................................................................................ 8
miKvix I emiKvix mwt ....................................................................................... 9
cvwb LvZ miKvix wewbqvMt .......................................................................................10
cvwb mieivn I ^v eevt .......................................................................................10
cvwb I Kwlt............................................................................................................11
cvwb I wkt............................................................................................................12
cvwb, grmm` I ebcvYxt ......................................................................................13
cvwb I b-PjvPjt ...................................................................................................13
cvwbwe`yr I webv`bi Rb cvwbt................................................................................14
cwieki Rb cvwbt .................................................................................................14
nvIo, evIo, wej msiY I Dbqbt..............................................................................16
A_bwZK I Avw_K eevcbvt ....................................................................................16
MelYv I Z_ eevcbvt ..........................................................................................18
^v_mswk`i AskMnYt.............................................................................................19

cvwZvwbK bxwZt ...............................................................................................19

AvBbMZ KvVvgvt .............................................................................................21

1.

fwgKv

evsjv`ki Rxebaviv cvwbK K` Ki Mo DVQ; cvwb G`ki RbMYi KjvYi mePq

iZcyY m`| cvwb AwZ bvRyK GK cvKwZK cwiekK msiY Ges j j gvbyli RxweKv
wbevn KiZ mnvqZv KiQ| `yfvMekZt cvwb GKwU mxwgZ m` Ges KvbgB cKwZi Anxb
`vb wnme cvwbi h_PQ eenvii AeKvk bB| cvwbi GKK ewki KviY Gi h Kvb eenvi
Ab eenviK cfvweZ Ki| RxebaviYi Rb cvwbi cvcZv, cwigvYMZ I YMZ Dfq wePviB,
GKwU gwjK gvbevwaKvi| ZvB mgvRi Kvb Aski ^v_ wewNZ bv Ki cvwbi h_v_ I mylg
eenvii wbqZv weavb GKv Kvg|
ew, fcwi A_ev fzMf meiKg cvwbi eenvihvM Aevq mnRcvcZvi Rb UKmB Dbqbi
cqvRb, hvi `vwqZ mevBK ewMZ I mgwMZfve AekB Kvua wbZ ne| cvwb Dbqb
eevcbvi gj `vwqZ cavbZt ZvB eenviKvix`i DciB eZvq| mKji AskMnYi mgvb myhvM
wbwZ Ki cvwb LvZ emiKvix wewbqvM AZ Rvivjvfve DrmvwnZ Kiv cqvRb| cvwb m`i
Dbqb Aek mvaviYZt eo aibi wbweo gjabx wewbqvMi cqvRb co Ges eveI gvvwfwK
Avw_K myweavw` (economies of scale) mw nq hvi dj GLvZ miKvix wewbqvMi AvewkKZv
hywhy nq DV| mgvRi mvgwMK Pvwn`v ciY, `vwi` wegvPb I gvbe m` Dbqbi gZ iZcY
mvgvwRK I cwiekMZ w`K msiYi cqvRbxqZvi KviY miKvii fwgKv AvR ZvB iZcY nq
`vuwoqQ|
cvwb msv e mgmv I Awbb welqvw` mgvavbi evsjv`ki cvwb m` eevcbv AvR
KwVb Pvji gyLvgywL| Gi ga mePq msKUcY nPQ chvqwgK elvKvj ebv I Kbv
gmyg cvwbi `yvcZv, geagvb A_bxwZ I RbmsLvi KviY cvwbi DgyLx Pvwn`v, b` b`xZ
evcK cwjgvwU co fivU nIqv Ges b`x fvsMb| jeYvZv, fcwi I fMf cvwbi gvbi
gvebwZ I cvwb `lYmn cvwbi mvgwMK YMZ gvbi eevcbv Ges fZ I Re cwiek eev
msiYi cqvRb Divi ew cvPQ| mxwgZ m`i ga egyLx cvwbi Pvwn`v gUvbv, ` I
mvgvwRKfve `vwqZkxj cvwb eenvii Dbqb, miKvix I emiKvix LvZi fwgKv wPb I Dchy
ivxq Kvhgi weK`xKiYi Riix ZvwM` AekB iqQ| mxgvi evBi Drcw nZz
mswk b`xi Ici cY wbqYi Afve, e-xc mgZjfwgi RwUj eevcbv Ges AeKvVvgv wbgvY
wbK Rwgi Zxe Afve- G mg mxgveZvi gaB Avgv`i G KvR mv`b KiZ ne|
DwjwLZ mxgveZvi gaI cvwb m`i Dbqb Ges Zvi hywmsMZ eenvii evcKwfwK bxwZgvjv
GB RvZxq cvwb bxwZZ weaZ nqQ| eni mgvR I ewi KjvYi j cvwb m`i mevg
Dbqb I eevcbv wbwZ Ki miKvix I emiKvix LvZi fwelZ Kvhg wbicb GB bxwZgvjv
w`K wb`kbv c`vb Kie|

RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

2.

RvZxq cvwb bxwZ NvlYv

hnZz gvbyli RxebaviY, `ki Av_ mvgvwRK Dbqb I cvKwZK cwiek myivi Rb cvwb GKv
cqvRbxq, m KviY evcK, mgw^Z I mylg wfwZ `ki cvwb m` eevcbvi j cqvRbxq
me cwZ I Kvhg MnY KivB miKvii bxwZ| A_bwZK Dbqb, `vwi` wegvPb, Lv` ^qiZv,
Rb^v I wbivcv, RbMYi DbZZi Rxebgvb Ges cvKwZK cwiek myivi hveZxq jmgn
cwiciYi Dk wbiewPQb AMhvvi Rb GB bxwZgvjv iwPZ nqQ|
RvZxq cvwb bxwZ chve cixY Ges cqvRb Abymvi mskvab Kiv ne| GB bxwZ `ki cvwb
m` eevcbvi w`K-wb`kK wnme KvR Kie| cvwb m`i Dbqb, iYveY, cvwb
mieivn I cvwb msv mevmgni `vwqZ wbqvwRZ mswk mKj gYvjq, msv, wefvM I vbxq
msvmn emiKvix eenviKvix I D`vv GB bxwZ _K w`K-wb`kbv MnY Kie|

RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

3.

RvZxq cvwb bxwZi Dkmgn

cvwb LvZ KgiZ me msv I h Kvbfve mswk cwZvbK wbw` Dk mvab w`Kwb`kbv `qv
cvwb bxwZ cYqbi j| mvaviYfve cvwb bxwZi Dkmgn nPQ t
K. fcwi I fMf me aibi cvwbi Dbqb I eenvi Ges G me m`i ` I mylg
eevcbvi gvag mswk welqvw` mK c`c MnY Kiv|
L. `wi` I AbMmi Askmn mgvRi mevi Rb cvwb cvcZv wbwZKiY Ges bvix I wk`i
wekl cqvRbi cwZ gbvhvM `qv|
M. cvwb eenvii AwaKvi wbicb I cvwb gj wbaviYmn Dchy AvBbMZ, Avw_K Ges
DrmvngjK eevw` MnYi gvag miKvix I emiKvix cvwb mieivn cwZi UKmB
Dbqb Zivw^Z Kiv|
N. cvwb eevcbv weK`xKiY Ges cvwb eevcbvq bvixi fwgKv ewaZ Kivi j
cvwZvwbK cwieZb mvab|
O.

weK`xKiY I myz cwiek eevcbv cwqv Ges cvwb Dbqb I eevcbvq emiKvix
LvZ AbyKj wewbqvM cwiwwZ weKvki j GKwU AvBbMZ I wbqYgjK cwiek mw
Kiv|

P.

RbmvaviYi AskMnYi gvag cvwb eevcbvi Dkmgn ARbi j A_bwZK

`Zv, bvix-cyil mvg, mvgvwRK bvq wePvi I cwiekMZ mPZbZv m^wjZ fwelZ
cvwb cwiKbv cYqb `kK ^vej^x Kivi Rb vb I mvg_i Dbqb|

RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

4.

RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

cYxZ bxwZmgn DbZ cvwb m` eevcbv Ges cwiek msiYi Rb AZvekK| fwelr cRbi
cvwb I mswk cvKwZK m`i cvcZv I bMZ gvb DbZZi bv njI AZt eZgvb chvq wbwZ
KiZ cwZwU miKvix msv, cZK cvov, gnjv I Mvg Ges cZK ewi myweePbvi msM m`
eenvi i ZcY fwgKv iqQ|

4.1 b`x AeevwnKv eevcbvt

GK ev GKvwaK cavb b`xi AvIZvaxb cvwb m` Dbqbi AeevwnKvwfwK cwiKbv
mePq hywmZ| Ze Mv, ecy I gNbvi gZ AvRvwZK b`x AeevwnKvi wekl aibi
mgmv AvQ| mePq fvwUZ Aevbi KviY mxgv w`q cwe b`xi Dci evsjv`ki Kvb
wbqY bB| Gi wZKi cfve nPQ, cvqkt msNwUZ ebv Ges cvi cvwbi `yvcZv|
fviZi m 1996 mvj mvw`Z Mv b`xi cvwb eUb Pzw hw`I `wY Aji Liv-KewjZ
GjvKvi Rb wKQyUv ^w Gb w`qQ, geagvb RbmsLvi ewaZ Pvwn`vi cwicwZ Kbv
gImyg Mv I Abvb AeevwnKvq cvwb NvUwZi mgmv Aviv Zxe nIqvi mvebv AvQ| Ze
Avkvi K_v GB h GB Pzwi mswk weavb fwelZ Awfb b`xmgni cvwb eUbi AvjvPbvi
GKwU wfw wnme KvR Kie|
DRvb cwZekx `kjvi m wewfb b`xi AeevwnKvi Dbqb GKwU h_ cwiKbv cYqb
evsjv`ki h_ D`vM I mgq cqvRb nZ cvi| `xNgqv`x eev Ask wnme, mxgv w`q
cwe b`xm`i Dbqb AeevwnKvwfwK cwiKbv cYqbi cqvRbxq c`c MnYB nj
miKvii bxwZ|
ebv, Liv Ges cvwb`lYi ^vfvweK I AvKwK cwiwwZi miKvi Awfb b`xweaZ
cwZekx `kjvi m AvRvwZK b`xi cvwb eUb, Z_ wewbgq, m` Dbqb cwiKbv Ges
cvwb m`i `xNgqv`x eevcbv mK Pzw mv`bi cPv MnY Kie| `xNgqv`x
AeevwnKvwfwK cwiKbv cYqbi cvkvcvwk ^ I gagqv`x cqvRb gUvZ wewfb
cvwbwevbwfwK GjvKvi Dbqbi cwZ gbvhvM `qvI evsjv`ki Rb cqvRb|
^ I gagqv`x cvwb eevcbvq AvRvwZK mnhvwMZvK KvhKi ic w`Z, Abvb welqi
ga, evsjv`k miKvii bxwZ nPQ t
K. cvwbwevb, b`xi MwZ-cKwZ, cvwb`lY, cwiek, b`x-AeevwnKvi cwieZbkxj cKwZ,
NwYSo, Liv, ebv mZKxKiY cfw Z mwKZ wewfb Z_ Dcv wewbgqi j GKwU
RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

cwZ Mo Zvjvi Rb Ges Awfb cvwb m` eevcbvi eZgvb I mve mgmvi

^ic Abyaveb cwZekx `kwji GK AciK mnvqZv c`vb Kiv|
L. mvweKfve AeevwnKvmgni mvebv AwaKZi myf
z ve Dcjwi Rb mKj Awfb
AvRvwZK b`xi Dci h_ Rwic I mgxv cwiPvjbv Kiv|
M. Kbv gImyg cvwb cevn ew Ges elvq ebvi ZxeZv nvmi j AvRvwZK b`xmgni
cvwb m`i Dbqb, AvniY I eUbi Rb mswk `kjvi m h_fve KvR Kiv|
N. ebvqb Ges b`xfvOb wbqYi gvag b`x AeevwnKvi ewk msiY Ges fwgq
ivai Rb aiwZ (Catchment) GjvKvi eevcbv wbwZ KiZ cwZekx `kjvi
mnvqZvq mgw^Z c`c MnY Kiv|
O.

gbyl-m& wk, Kwl Ges Mvn wbtmvwiZ `lY wbqYi gvag Gme `ki ga w`q
cevwnZ b`xmgn ivmvqwbK Ges Re `lY cwZiva h_fve KvR Kiv|

P.

cvwb eevcbvi wkv, cwkY I MelYvi Rb AvRvwZK I AvwjK mnhvwMZv

Kvgbv Kiv|

4.2 cvwb m` cwiKbv I eevcbvt

miKvi mgK AewnZ h, cvwb m`i cwiKbv I eevcbv cwqvi Rb cqvRb
cvwbwevb, f-cvKwZK, mvgvwRK, ivRbwZK, A_bwZK, cwiekMZ Ges cvwZvwbK
Dcv`vbmgni GKwU evcK I mgw^Z weklY|
`ki AfixY wbvkb cwZ RwUj nIqvq `ki b`-b`xi cwiKbv I eevcbv msv
Kvhvejx cvwbwevbwfwK Aji cwicwZ nIqv evbxq| G me Aji mxgvbv
cKwZMZfveB cavb b`-b`xi MwZc_ w`q iwPZ| cevj AewZ cveZ GjvKv ^Z
GKwU cvwbwevbwfwK Aj MVb KiQ|
GgZvevq, Dciv welqmgni weePbvq miKvii bxwZ nj t
K. cvwb m` cwiKbv msv (Iqvicv) cvwb m`i Dbqb cwiKbvi Rb h_v_ cvKwZK
ewki wfwZ `ki cvwbwevb wfwK Ajmgn wPwZ Kie|
L. Iqvicv GKwU RvZxq cvwb eevcbv cwiKbv (GbWweDGgwc) cZ I chve Zv
nvjbvMv` Kie| GB cwiKbvq mgM evsjv`k Ges cZK Aji mvweK m`
eevcbv msv welqmgn mK AvjvKcvZmn ^, ga Ges `xNgqv`x w`Kwb`kbvI DwjwLZ _vKe| wewfb mgq miKvi-wbavwiZ cvq wewfb msv GB cwiKbv
evevqb Kie|
RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

M. GbWweDGgwc Ges mswk Abvb cwiKbv, cvwb msv mKj LvZi ^v_, evcK I
mgw^Zfve cZ KiZ ne| cwiKbv cwZi GB cwqv RbmvaviYi AskMnY I
LvZmgni ga mnhvwMZv wbwZ Kie
GbWweDGgwc-i mvgwK iciLvi AvIZvq t
N. mswk miKvix msv Ges vbxq miKvi GbWweDGgwc-i wb`kbv I Abygvw`Z miKvix
cK gjvqY msv w`K-wb`kbv Abymvi Dc-AvwjK I vbxq cvwb-eevcbv cK
cYqb I evevqb Kie| RvZxq cvwb m` cwil`i wbevnx KwgwU (BwmGbWweDwm) h
Kvb Avtmsv weivai wbw Kie|
O.

evsjv`k cvwb Dbqb evW (evcvDev) meaibi cavb fcwi cvwb Dbqb cK Ges GK
nvRvii ekx nii Kgv-Gwiqv m^wjZ ebv wbqY, wbvkb I mP (GdwmwWAvB)
cK evevqb Kie| vbxq miKvi GK nvRvi ni A_ev Zvi Kg AvqZbi Kgv
GjvKvi Gd.wm.wW.AvB cK, GKwU Avtmsv cK gjvqb KwgwU KZK wPwZ I
gjvwqZ nevi ci, evevqb Kie| Avtmsv weiva wbimb miKvi-wbavwiZ cv
AbymZ ne|

P.

miKvix A_cy hKvb fcwi cvwb m` Dbqb cKi cwiKbv, bKkv, evevqb Ges
cwiPvjb I iYveY (c I i) cwqvq cK GjvKvi RbmvaviYi ewMZ I mgwMZ
mwq AskMnY wbwZ Kiv ne| vbxq miKvi (cwil`mgn) KvhZt Gme KvR mg^qi
evcvi cavb msv wnmve fwgKv cvjb Kie| AskMnYgjK G cwqvq GjvKvwfwK
^PQvmex Mc Ges emiKvix msvmgni Ici wbfi Kiv ne|

miKvi GQvovI Aviv hv Kie t

Q.

cvwb Ges fwg eenvii h_ cwiKbv MnY wewa, cwZ Ges wb`kvejx cYqb|

R. cvwb eevcbvi m mwKZ mKj welq wewa, cwZ I wb`kvejx cYqb I Zv chve
mskvab|
S. mKj Dbqb cwiKbvq mvgvwRK Ges cwiekMZ gjvqb evaZvgjKKiY|

miKvi mswk msvmgni gvag hv Kie t

RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

T. evivR Ges Abvb KvVvgvMZ I A-KvVvgvMZ eevw`i gvag cavb b`xjvi evcK
Dbqb Ges eevcbvi D`vM MnY|
U.

mP, grm, b-PjvPj, ebvqb I Abvb RjRcvYx msiYmn egyLx eenvii Rb

cavb b`xmgni cvwb m`i Dbqb|

V.

bveZv Ges h_vh_ wbvkb eev ivi j Rjc_i cwj AcmviY|

W. Kbv gImygi Pvwn`v gUvbvi Rb mKj Drm _K cvwbi cvcZv Ges fwgi ewki
wfwZ NvUwZ GjvKv wPwZ Kiv|
X.

cvwbi YMZ gvb msiY Ges cvwb eenvi `Zv wbwZ Kivi j c`c MnY|

Y.

ebv Ges Liv RvZxq cvKwZK `yhvM eevcbvq AvMvg mZKxKiY I ebv wbivab (dvW
cwds) cwZi Dbqb|

Z. ebvi Szwu KcY GjvKv wPwZKiY Ges Rxeb, mw, iZcY AeKvVvgv, KwlRwg Ges
Rjvkq BwZ chvq msiYK Dchy eev MnY| G wbv bxwZgvjv fwelZ
Kvhg wbaviY Kie t
1. gnvbMi GjvKv, wegvb I mgy` e`i Ges ivbx cwqvKiY Aji gZ
A_bwZKfve iZcY GjvKvmgn mevP AMvwaKviwfwZ cY ebv wbqYi
AvIZvq Avbv ne| Rjv I DcRjv kni, iZcY evwYwRK GjvKv Ges
HwZnvwmK vbmgnKI gv^q MnYhvM chvq ebvwbqY myweav c`vb Kiv
ne| we`gvb ebv wbqY AeKvVvgvi AvIZvaxb GjvKv eZxZ Abvb cjx
GjvKvq RbMYK wewfb ebv wbivaK cv hgb evox-Ni, nvU-evRvi, wkvcwZvb BZvw` AeKvVvgvwji wfw ebvi mgZji Dci DbxZKiY Ges ebvi
cKZ Abyhvqx km-g cybwebvm KiZ DrmvwnZ Kiv ne|
2. fwelZ wbwgZe RvZxq I AvwjK Rbc_, ijc_ Ges hveZxq miKvix feb I
AeKvVvgvmgnK mevP iKWKZ cvwbii D wbgvY Kiv ne| we`gvb
KvVvgvi cybwbgvYi I GB bxwZ AbymZ ne|
3. mKj moK I ijc_i evuai cwiKbvq Aeva wbvkbi Rb chv eev ivLv
ne|
_. b`xfvbRwbZ mgmv wbimbi Rb `kevcx Rwic I Abymvb KvR cwiPvjbvi gvag
fwgam, fwgnxbZv I `DwjqvKiY ivai j gnvcwiKbv cYqb I evevqb Kiv
ne|
`. mgy` I b`xe _K fwg cbivi cK cYqb I evevqb Kiv ne|

RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

4.3 cvwbi AwaKvi Ges eUbt

cvwbi gvwjKvbv ivi Ici b, ewi Ici bq| cvwbi mylg eUb, ` Dbqb I eenvi Ges
`vwi` `ixKiYi j miKvi myz eUbi AwaKvi msiY Ki| Liv, ebv, NwYSo Ges Rb^v
I cwiekMZ Zvi cwZ gwKmwKvix fMf cvwbi `lYi gZv cvKwZK I gbyl-m
wechqKvj miKvi cvwbi eenvi cybwbaviY Kivi wb`k w`Z cvi| cvwb mieivn ck eUb wewa
ne AvbyvwbK cwZ| G cwZi wfwZB wbavwiZ ne- K cvwb cve, wK Dk cve, wK
cwigvY cve, Kvb mgq I KZ mgqi Rb cve Ges Kvb cwicwZ cvwbi eenvi msKzwPZ
nZ cvi| gImyg b`xe cvcZvi cqvRb (cwiek-MyYMZgvb, jeYvZv `gb, grm I
b-PjvPj), b`x _K Dvjb (mP, ci, wk I we`yr) Ges fMf Avavi _K AvniY I
cybfiYi j eUb wewa Mo Zvjv ne| AfvMRwbZ eenvii (hgb bPjvPj) Rb eUb
Rjvkqi bbZg mgZj/MfxiZv wbwZ Kivi BwZ `q|
GgZvevq, cqvRb Abymvi cvwb eenvi wbqY KiZ miKvii bxwZ wbic cwiPvwjZ ne t
K. wPwZ NvUwZ Aj wbw` AMvwaKvi wfwZ miKvi eUb gZv cqvM Kie|
L. mvaviYfve, msKUKvjxb mgq NvUwZ Aj AMvwaKviwfwZ cvwbeUb ne wbv
gvbymvit Mvn I ci eenvi, b-PjvPj, grm Ges Abvb RjR cvYx`i Rb
AfvMRwbZ eenvi, b`xi MwZ cKwZ msiYi Rb Pvwn`v Ges Ab fvM I
AfvMRwbZ eenvi hgb- mP, wk, cwiek, jeYvZv eevcbv Ges webv`b| Ze
DwjwLZ AMvwaKvii ZvwjKv Kvb wbw` Av_mvgvwRK Aevi cwicwZ cwieZb Kiv
hZ cvi| GB cwieZb mswk GjvKvi vbxq msvi gvag GjvKvevmx`i mgSvZvi
wfwZ nIqv evbxq|
M. cybfiYhvM AMfxi fMf cvwbi i ivi Rb miKvi wPwZ NvUwZ Aj cvwbi
Dvjb RbMYi mY vZmvi wbqY Kie|
N. cZK Aji Rb Liv cwiexY I Avc`Kvjxb cwiKbv cZ
KiZ ne| ewi cvwb,
fcwi cvwb I fMf cvwbi mshvRb eenvi, cvwbi Pvwn`v ciYi weK cvmgnK
h_vh_ weePbv mvc Ges cbtcywbK gmygx cvwbi NvUwZi AwfZvi AvjvK, GB
cwiKbv cYqb KiZ ne| AvcrKvjxb cwiKbvq AMvwaKvi Abymvi fMf cvwb
eenvi mxwgZ ivLvi c`c Afy _vKe| G aibi AwZ A^vfvweK
eenviKvixi wbw` AwaKvi msiYi j h_vchy AvBb cYqb cqvRb|
O. miKvi NvUwZ Aj gvivK LivKvjxb mgq cvwbi myz eUbi Rb vbxq miKvi ev
miKvii weePbvq Dchy h Kvb vbxq msvK gZv c`vb KiZ cvi| Zviv
cewbavwiZ mywbw` iciLvi wfwZ MvUv eev I wewa-weavb cqvM cwiexY Kie|
P. emiKvix wewbqvM AvKlYi Rb miKvi emiKvix Ges GjvKvwfwK Kvb msvK
fcwi I fMf cvwbi AwaKvi AcY KiZ cvi|
RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

Q. fcwi cvwbi AwaKvi wbw`KiYi cwienb Pvbj ivi Rb bbZg cevn wbwZ
KiZ ne|

4.4 miKvix I emiKvix mwt

cvwb m` eevcbvi m myweavfvMKvix miKvix I emiKvix LvZ, Mvx I ewi mw
cqvRb| miKvix cvwb m` eevcbvi KvhKvwiZv I Pov mvdj RbmvaviYi MnYhvMZv I
^Z evai Ici wbfikxj| cvwb m` eevcbvi m hy cZKi fwgKv I `vwqZ wbaviY Kiv
iZcY| eni RvZxq ^v_ ewZiK, Mvxi m` vbxq miKvi cwZvbmn Mvx vivB cvwbi
cavb msMvnK I cwievnK Ges cwievii ^v ivq Zviv gL fwgKv cvjb Ki| mevcwi, dmj
Zvjvi ce I cieZx Kvhgi wewfb i Zviv mwqfve AskMnY Ki|
miKvix I emiKvix LvZi mswk fwgKv mK miKvii bxwZ wbic t
K. cvwb KgmPxZ miKvii wewbqvM, MY m` (public goods) mw A_ev evRvii
e_Zvi wbw` mgmv gvKvwejv Ges wbw` Mvx^v_ msiYi Dk cwiPvjbv|
L. mnhvwMZv ew KiZ I msNvZ GovZ cvwb m`i m mswk h Kvb miKvix msvi
bxwZ I KgmPx AbvbmKj miKvix emiKvix msvi m mg^q mvab|
M. cvwb msv miKvix cwZvbmgn KZK, hZ`i me, Zv`i `vwqZ cvjb DcKZ Mvx
Ges msvi AMvwaKvi msiY Ki emiKvix mieivnKvix`i eenvi|
N. ci GjvKvi cK Qvov miKvix cvwb eevcbv cKi mevP 5000 ni Kgv
Gwiqv m^wjZ cK chvqg vbxq I Mvx msMVbjvi KvQ nvi Ges vbxq
m`i gvag Zvi cwiPvjb I iYveY A_vqb Kiv|
O. ci cK Qvov miKvix cvwb cKi 5000 nii ekx Kgv Gwiqv m^wjZ
cKi eevcbv chvqg BRviv, iqvZ A_ev eevcbv Pzwi gvag emiKvix LvZ
nvi Kiv ne| Ze Zv AekB Db cwZhvwMZvgjK WvK/Uvi cwZi AvIZvq
nZ ne| weK wnmve vbxq miKvi I Mvx msMVbmgni mv_ h_fve cK
evevqbKvix msv eevcbvi `vwqZ AevnZ ivLZ cvi|
P. GK nvRvi ni ev Zvi Kg Kgv Gwiqv m^wjZ GdwmwW I GdwmwWAvB cKmgni
gvwjKvbv^Z chvqg vbxq miKvii KvQ nvi, Ze h cK DcKZ/Mvx
msMVbmgni viv BZvga mvlRbKfve cwiPvwjZ, iZ mjv nvi Kiv|
Q. `Zvi m cvwb m` eevcbvi Rb Dchy miKvix I emiKvix cwZvb KZK,
vbxq Mvx msMVbK Z_ mieivn Kiv I cwkY myweav c`vb|
R. cvwb m` eevcbvi vbxq Mvx msMVb bvixi gL fwgKv cvjbi j
mnvqK cwiek mw Kiv|
RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

S. miKvi, Dciv bxwZi myz I ` evevqbK hLvb cqvRb, we`gvb cwZvb

cybMVb Kie I fwelZ mKj cwZvbi KvVvgv mfve Zix Kie|

4.5 cvwb LvZ miKvix wewbqvMt

miKvi gb Ki mylg, ` I KvhKi cvwb m` eevcbvi j cK gjvqbi
GKwU mvgmcY Awfb weklbvK iciLv cqvM AwZ cqvRb| GKwU GjvKvi cvwbi
Pvwn`vi h_vh_ ewea weklY, wewbqvM I eevcbvi weKmgnK me KiZ cvwbi
wewfb Drm, wewfb eevcbv cKi AvtmK Ges wewfb eenviKvixi Pvwn`v I
Dki wg_wqv AekB weePbvq wbZ ne| AeKvVvgvZ wewbqvM RbMYK vbPyZ
KiZ cvi Ges cwiekI wewNZ nZ cvi| m evcK cvwb m` cwiKbvi
gjvqb Ges mywbw` cK weePbvKvj AvtLvZ mskli cwZ `wwbek KiZ ne|
G welq miKvix bxwZi Dk nPQ wbv welq wbwZ Kiv t
K. cvwb m` cK, hZvUv me egyLx cK wnme Mo Zvjv Ges Gme cKi
cwiKbv I evevqb _K cwiexY ch mewKQyB GKwU mgw^Z e-welqK
(multidisciplinary) `wfxi wfwIZ mb Kiv|
L. mKj cKi cwiKbv I mveZv mgxv cYqbi cK gjvqb msv wb`kbv
ev wRwcG, RbMYi AskMnYi wb`kbv ev wRwcwc, cwiekMZ cfve wb`kbv ev BAvBG
Ges miKvi KZK wewfb mgq RvixKZ Ab mKj wb`kbv AbymiY Kiv|
M. cvwb m` cwiKbv I cK gjvqbi Ask wnme MvwYwZK I fZ gWwjs, Avq-eq
weklY, SuywK weklY I GKvwaK wbYvqK weklYi gZv mKj cvmwK weklYgjK
cwZ I gjvqb bxwZ wbqwgZfve cqvM I Zvi Abykxjb Kiv|
N. miKvix cvwb cKi mve Kvb Dchy mgq cyuwR cZvnvii weavbm^wjZ
cwiKbv cYqb Kiv|
O.

cvwb m` eevcbvq bvix Ges wb Avqi cvwb eenviKvix`i ^v_ chvfve msiY
Kiv|

P.

mswk miKvix msvi gvag cvwb m` msv mKj cKvi Z_ AevnZfve

nvjbvMv`KiY I msiY|

4.6 cvwb mieivn I ^v eevt

RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

10

evsjv`ki MvgxY GjvKv DbZ Lvevi cvwbi msKU fzMQ| fcwi cvwb mvaviYZt `wlZ Ges
fMf cvwb, hv GLb ch wbivc` Lvevi cvwbi DrK Drm, ZvI `ki e vbB AvmwbK `lY
mswgZ nqQ| mPi Rb evcK gvvq fMf cvwb Dvjbi dj e GjvKvq cvwbi i
nPvwjZ bjKciI KvhKi bvMvji bxP bg MQ| KwlZ eeZ ivmvqwbK c`v_ AMfxi i
PzuBq cek Kivi dj mswk GjvKvi cvwb gvbyl I cvYxi Lvevi AbychvMx nZ cvi| `wYcwg Aj mgy` _K jeYvZv fwgi Mfxi cek Ki fMf cvwbZ eenvii AhvM Ki
ZzjQ| evcKfve fMf cvwb Dvjbi KviY kni I bMi GjvKvq cvwbi i AebwgZ nIqvi
mgmvi mLxb| cvwb mieivn I ^v-eevq G me mgmv Rb^vi Dci wbwZ cfve djQ|
AwaKvsk `wlZ Lvevi cvwb _K DZ Wvqwiqv Mvg Aj gZzi GKwU eo KviY| bMi
GjvKvi ivM-evwai cv_wgK KviY h_vh_ ^v eev I wbvkb myweavi Afve, Achv cvwb
mieivn Ges AcZzj ^v I cwi QbZv msv wkv| wbivc` cvwbi Drm `ieZx nIqvq Mvgi
gwnjv`i `xN c_ AwZg Ki cvwb msMn wekl `yfvM cvnvZ nq hv Zv`i ^v I
Drcv`bkxjZvi Dci ZvrchcY cfve djQ|
Gme mgmv gvKvwejv KiZ miKvii bxwZ nPQt
K. ewi cvwb msiYmn wewfb Dcvq wbivc` mnRjf Lvevi cvwbi myz hvMvb wbwZ
KiZ msiY|
L. fMf cvwbi iv I ewi cvwb eevcbvi Rb cavb cavb bMi GjvKvq cvKwZK
Rjvkq msiY|
M. Rb^vi ^v_ cqvRbxq wbvkb I ^v eev wbwZKiY; GKB m gqjv cvwb I
AveRbv cwikvab Ges Lvjv b`gv cybtvcb I cqtcYvjx wbgvY cvwb I cqtwbvkb
msv miKvix cwZvbK `vwqZ c`vb|
N. gbyl-m AcPq I `lY cwZivai j cvwbi eenvi wbqY cimfv I knii cvwb
I cqtwbvkb msv cwZvbmgnK h_vh_ `vwqZ I gZv c`vb|
O. cvwb `lY I AcPq wbivaK RbmvaviYK mPZb Kivi Rb vbxq miKviKI `vwqZ
c`vb

4.7 cvwb I Kwlt

mve fcwi cvwbi cvkvcvwk KwlZ cew i Rb fMf cvwbZ mP KvRi emiKvix
KgKv AevnZ _vKe| wbvwkZ cvwbi cybeenvi, chvqwgK mP, mve bbZg cvwb

RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

11

eenvimZ km chywi cqvM Ges fcwi I fMf cvwbi mshvRK eenvimn wewea cwZ
Aej^b cvwb eenvii `Zvi cwZ AwaKZi iZ Avivc Kiv ne|
mP eevq cvwbi eUb, mgZv I mvgvwRK mywePvii wfwZ wbwZ KiZ ne| GKB m `lYi
Drm _K `ieZx vbi `lY cwqv ivai cwZ wekl bRi w`Z ne, hgb km eeZ
mvi I KxUbvkK cvwbevwnZ nq Mfxi fMf cvwb A_ev `ieZx Rjvkqi cvwbK `wlZ Ki
_vK| GB Dk miKvii bxwZ nj t
K. hLvb me, Lvevi cvwbi mieivnK wewNZ bv Ki z` mP eevi Dbqb AevnZ
ivLvK DrmvwnZ I msewaZ Kiv|
L. wewfb mgq miKvii wbavwiZ wewa-weavb mvc miKvix I emiKvix LvZ mPi Rb
fMf cvwbi fwelZ DbqbK DrmvwnZ Kiv|
M. cvwb m` eenvi `Zv ARbi j mP I bMii cvwb mieivni Rb mKj aibi
fcwi I fMf cvwb mshvRK eenvi wbwZ Kiv|
N. cvwb eenvii `Zv ewi Rb km egyLxKiY KgmPxK kwkvjx Kiv|
O.

fcwi I fMf cvwbi `lYKvix ivmvqwbK mvii eenvi wbqY cwZ kwkvjx Kiv
Ges GKB KviY msNwUZ `ieZx `lY cwqv nvmi j wbqYKkj Dveb Kiv|
P. fMf cvwb cybfibi MwZcKwZ, fcwi I fMf cvwbi eenvi Ges mwji YMZ
gvbi cwieZb cwiexYi Rb Dchy msMVbK kwkvjx Kiv|

4.8 cvwb I wkt

`wY-cwg Aj cvwb gvvwZwi jeYvZv wk cewi GKwU cavb cwZeK| Aciw`K, cvwb
eevcbvi AviKwU RwUj w`K nPQ `ki wewfb vb wk K`i Pvicvk Rjvkq wbMZ
AcwikvwaZ eRi gvag fcwi I fMf cvwbi `lY| G miKvii bxwZ nPQ t
K. cwivi I wbivc` cvwbi cvcZv I wk _K DZ gqjv cvwb wbMgbi mveZvi K_v
weePbvq iL miKvi KZK bZzb wkK` vcb Aj wPwZKiY (Zoning) msv
wewagvjv cYqb|
L. cvwbi `lY cwZiva mswk miKvix msv KZK wbMZ gqjv cvwb cwiexY|
M. cwiek Awa`ii (wWIB) m civgkg Iqvicv KZK memvaviYi eenvh Rjvkq
wbvkbhvM eRi gvb wbaviY|
RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

12

N. `lYKvix wk KviLvbv KZK mswk `wlZ Rjvkq cwikvabi eqfvi wbw` AvBbi
AvIZvq enb|

4.9 cvwb, grmm` I ebcvYxt

grm m` I ebcvYx evsjv`ki A_bwZK Dbqbi AweePQ` AsM Ges Dw RbMvwi
AMMwZ, `vwi` wegvPb,cyw Ges Kgmsvb mwi m Mfxifve m| RxebaviY I evwYwRK
D`vMi w`K _K grm m`i Rb cvwbi cvcZv AZ iZcY| m KviY G
miKvii bxwZ nPQ t
K. mvgvwRK mydj h me wekl GjvKvq jbxq, me Aji cvwb m` cwiKbvq grm
I eb cvYxK h_vh_ iZ c`vb|
L. b`x I cvwb cevn cvKwZK RjR cwieki wZ bbZg chvq ivLvi cqvRbxq eev
MnY|
M. wbvkb cK evevqb RjR cvLx I Abvb cvYxi cv_wgK Avavicx miKvix Rjvfwg I
wej h_vme cwinviKiY; KviY G me Rjvfwg RjPicvLx I ebcvYxi cv_wgK cqvRb
gUvq|
N. evIi, nvIi, wej, ivvi cvk eiv-wcU cfwZi gZv Rjvkq hZvUv me grm Drcv`b
I Dbqbi Rb msiY Ges G me Rjvkqi msM b`xi evivgm hvMvhvM AevnZ
ivLv|
O. cvwb Dbqb cwiKbv KvbfveB grm PjvPj wewNZ Kie bv| eis gvQi Awfevmb I
cRbb hvZ myzfve mb nZ cvi mRb wbqY KvVvgvwjZ chv myweav mw|
P. Clr jvbv cvwbZ grm Pvl (GKzqvKvjPvi) miKvi KZK wbw` Aji ga mxgve
ivLv|

4.10 cvwb I b-PjvPjt

wecyj msLK Rjc_ bbZg eq cwienb me weavq AfixY b-cwienb evsjv`ki
A_bxwZZ cfZ iZ enb Ki| wK cwj co fivU nq hvIqvi KviY e b`xc_ PjvPji
AhvM nq coQ| GB cwjgvwUi AcmviY Kej b`-b`xjvZ bveZv cybivii RbB bq,
fc i cvwb wbvkbi myweavi RbI `iKvi| G miKvii bxwZ nQ t
K. cvwb Dbqb cK cwiKbvq b-PjvPji cwZeKZv bbZg chvq mxwgZ ivLv Ges
cqvRbeva H mKj cwZeKZv wbimbi Rb chv eev MnY;

RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

13

L. ci GjvKvi I Lvevi cvwbi cqvRb gUvbv mvc b-PjvPji Rb wbw` b`b`xZ bbZg cevn iv;
M. wbw` b`xc b-PjvPji Rb, hLvb cqvRb, bveZv eRvq ivLZ b`x Lbb (WwRs)
mn Abvb Dchy eev MnY|

4.11 cvwbwe`yr I webv`bi Rb cvwbt

evsjv`k cvwb we`yZi mvebv Lye mxwgZ| KviY Gi fwg mgZj Ges cvwb mqi Zgb
DchvMx Rjvavi bB| Ze QvU QvU Wvg I evivR GjvKvq z` cvwbwe`yr K` wbgvY Kiv
hZ cvi| cvwb we`yr Dbqbi GKwU eo cwiekMZ DM njv b`xi cvKwZK cevni
Dci KvVvgv wbgvY Ki Zvi ^vfvweK mvZK i Kiv| cvwbwe`yr Dbqb cK AbK mgq
gvQi Aeva PjvPjKI wewNZ KiZ cvi|
chUb msv myweavw`i Dbqb cvwb m`i webv`bgjK eenvi iZcY| Rjvkq, `xwN, mg`mKZ cfwZ vb webv`b myweavw` c`vb Kiv nj Zv `ki chUb wkK mvnvh Kie| G
miKvii bxwZ nPQ t
K. A_bwZKfve jvfRbK I cwiekMZ w`K _K wbivc` weewPZ nj z` cvwbwe`yr
Dbqb cK MnY|
L. cwieki Rb wZKi ne bv- GUv wbwZ nj Rjvkq I Zvi Avkcvk webv`bgjK
Kvhg cwiPvjbvi Abygv`b|

4.12 cwieki Rb cvwbt

cvKwZK cwieki qiva Ges msiY, UKmB Dbqbi Rb Acwinvh| `ki ewkifvM
cwiekMZ m` hnZz cvwb m`i m mwKZ m KviY RvwZi cvwb m`i AevnZ
Dbqb I eevcbvi AvIZvq cwiek I Zvi RxeewP aviY, msiY I cybixeb AZ
iZcY| Av`fwg, gvbMvf ebvj I Abvb RvZxq ebm`, wejycvq cRvwZ I cvwbi YMZ
gvb Dbqb I eevcbv G me cPvi Afz _vKe| m Abymvi cvwb m` eevcbvi KgKv
cwiekMZ wZ GovZ ev bbZg chvq ivLZ h_vh_ c`c MnY Kiv ne|
cvwbi cwigvY I YMZ gvbmsv welqi ga Abb mK weivRgvb| cvwbi wbgvb
eenvif` we cvwbi cvcZv wewNZ Ki| Kwl msv `lY, wk KviLvbvi I Mvn eR Ges
`lYi Drm _K knii `ieZx vbi `lY cwqv fcwi Rjvkq Ges fMf cvwbi gvb `Z
b Ki dj hvi KviY cvKwZK cwiek eevi msnwZ Ges Rb^v DfqB wecb nq| Abvb
cwiekMZ mgmvi ga iqQ, gvvwZwi fwgq I cwjgvwU fivU nIqv, RjveZv Ges
RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

14

KwlRwgZ jeYvZv ew, fMf cvwbi bg hvIqv, eb DRvo, RxeewP nvm, Av`fwg nvm,
jvbv cvwbi Abycek Ges DcKjxq Aji PviYfwg nvm|
myZivs, cvwb m` eevcbvi m mswk mKj `vwqZcv (wbqY, cwiKbv, wbgvY, cwiPvjb I
iYveY) msv I msMVbK cwiekMZ myhvM-myweav ewi welqwUK Rvi`vi KiZ ne|
GUvI wbwZ KiZ ne h, Zviv Zv`i KvR evevqbi ga w`q cwiekMZ m`K msiY
Kie I wZvevq wdwiq Avbe| cwiekMZ cqvRbxqZv I Dkmgn m` eevcbvi
cqvRbxqZvi mv_ mgfve weewPZ ne| AZGe, miKvii bxwZ njv, cvwb I cvKwZK m`
eevcbvq wbqvwRZ mKj msv I wefvM wbic Kvhg MnY Kie t
K. RvZxq cwiekMZ eevcbv Kg cwiKbv (GbBGgGwc) Ges RvZxq cvwb eevcbv
cwiKbv (GbWweDGgwc)-i m mvgm eRvq iL cwiek msiY, cybixeb I
MwZkxj Kivi c`c MnYi cwZ cY gbvhvM c`vb|
L. cvwb LvZ cKi Rb cYxZ BAvBG wb`wkKv I eenviwewa Abymvi GKwU AvbyvwbK
cwiekMZ cfve gjvqbi (BAvBG) bxwZ miKvi KZK wewfb mgq wbvwiZ AvqZb I
cwiwa Abyhvqx cvwb m` Dbqb cK A_ev cybevmb KgmPxi Rb KVvifve AbymiY
Kiv|
M. DcKjxq b`xi gvnbvi cwiekMZ fvimvg ivi Rb cvwbi Pvbjmgn DRvb Aj
_K chv cevn wbwZ Kiv|
N. gbyl-m ev Ab KviY wZM n`, cyKzi, wej, Lvj, Rjvavi cfwZi gav cvKwZK
RjvkqK Aeq _K iv Ges G`i KvhKvwiZv cybivi Kiv|
O.

fMf cvwbi cvKwZK i I cwiek msiY KiZ kni GjvKvq miKvix gvwjKvbvaxb
Rjvkq, Lv` I wbvj BZvw` fivUi KvR mY wbwl Kiv|

P.

b`x I cvwbi h Kvb cevnc_i Dci we`gvb Abbygvw`Z h Kvb KvVvgv AcmviY
cqvRbxq eev MnY Kiv Ges fwelZ cvwb cevn weN I cwiekMZ wechq mwKvix
KvhKjvc iva Kiv|

Q.

bZzb m Pi AcwiKwZfve wbgvYvw` iva Ges wbwePvi evw` wbab e Kiv|

R. weklZt h me GjvKvi cvwbi i bxP bg MQ m me GjvKvq evcK ebvqb I MvQ

jvMvbvK DrmvwnZ Kiv|
S. Rb^v I cwiek ivi j Zix mKj wbqYgjK eevi cYxZe wb`wkKvq
`lYKvix wZciY `e GB bxwZ KvhKi Kiv|

RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

15

T. wk I Kwl KvR mswk Mvx hvZ ^Z I mgwMZfve we cvwbi Drm iYveY

Ki ^-kvwmZ `lY wbqY eev Mo ZzjZ cvi mRb Zv`iK cqvRbxq wkv
c`vb I Z_ mieivn Kiv|

4.13 nvIo, evIo, wej msiY I Dbqbt

nvIo, evIo I wej RvZxq Rjvfwgjv evsjv`ki AvwjK ewki aviK Ges GK Abb
cvKwZK m`| cvKwZK m`h QvovI A_bwZK Ges cwiekMZ w`K _K Gwji iZ
Amxg| nvIo Ges evIowjZ gImygI h_ MfxiZvq cvwb _vK Ze QvU wejwj
mvaviYZt Pov chvq Av`fwgZ cwiYZ nq| GB wejjv cvebfwgi wbZg Ask|
GB Rjvkqjv Avgv`i cvKwZK grm-m`i wmsnfvMi Drm Ges bvbv aiYi RjR meRx I
cvLxi Avevmj| Zv QvovI kxZ gImyg Di Mvjva _K AvMZ AwZw_ cvLx`i wbfihvM
Avkq| nvIo Ges wejjv Lvji gvag b`xi mv_ mshy| AZxZ cKkjMZ nci
gvag AbK wejK ZvrwYK dmj jvfi Rb wbvwkZ Avev`x RwgZ cwiYZ Kiv nqQ| wK
wKQyw`b ciB Gi weic cwZwqv cKU AvKvi aviY Ki| c_gB gvQ Ges MvgxY RbMYi Lv`i
Drm KPz, kvcjv, Kjwg RvZxq RjR meRxi wejyw NU| elv gImyg cvebfwgi eR cevngvb
Lvji gvag evwnZ I kvwaZ nq wbvwkZ nZ| wK wbqwZ Aevq mB cvKwZK kvabwqv
evnZ nq cwieki gvivK msKU mw KiQ|
miKvi gb Ki h eR kvab, fMf cvwbi cybfiY, me RjR I RjPi cvYx I ZYi AwZ
Ges mevcwi cwieki ^vfvweK fvimvg wbwZ KiZ, Rjvkqjvi ay msiYB bq, Dci
Dbqb cqvRb hvZ GjvK AvKlYxq chUb K` icvwiZ Kiv hvq|
G miKvii bxwZ nPQ t
K. mvaviYZt RjR cwiek iv Ges wbvkbi myweav_ nvIo, evIo I wej RvZxq
cvKwZK Rjvkq msiY|
L. nvIo GjvKvi Rjxq ewk AwewNZ iL cvwb mswk cK MnY|
M. kxZKvj h nvIo wKq hvq mwjZ gImyg Kwl Drcv`bi Rb c`c MnY|
N. G mg Rjvkq grm Drcv`b ewi j mgw^Z cK MnY|
O.

webv`b Ges chUb AvKlYi Rbv RjvkqwjZ Dbqbi eev MnY|

4.14 A_bwZK I Avw_K eevcbvt

RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

16

evsjv`k cvwbi Pvwn`v I mieivnK cfvweZ Ki Gic gj wbaviY I Ab A_bwZK cYv`bv

cwZi ceZb cqvRb| webvgj cvwbi cvcZv eenviKvix`i ga `yvcZvi mgqI cvwbi
AcPq I wbtkl Kivi ceYZv mw Ki| Av I AtLvZ cvwb eenvii cZvwkZ Abykxjb,
hgb cvwbi mshvRK eenvi, Kwl I wk cvwbi mvkqKvix chwy cqvM, cvwb AvniY, cvwb
vbvi Ges cvwb cybeenvi ZLbB djcm ne hLb cvwbi Afvei iZ eenviKvixiv Dcjw
Kieb|
cvwbi Pvwn`v I mieivni ga fvimvg eRvq ivLZ eq wbevn, gj wbviY I A_bwZK Drmvn
A_ev wbirmvngjK GKwU cwZ cqvRb| ebv wbqY, wbvkb, mP I gqjv cvwb kvabi gZ
mevi cwieZK gj Av`vqi welqwU Ghver weewPZ nqwb| cwiPvjb I iYveY LiP bv ZzjZ
cvivq mevi gvb nvm cqQ Ges cwZi AebwZ NUQ| GZ gvebwZkxj mevi dj fvviv
GKmgq A_ cwikvai Drmvn nvwiq dj| `xNgqv`i Rb ZvB GKwU iZcY AbymiYxq bxwZ
nQ G me msvK cvwb eenvii wej avh Kivi I Zv Av`vq KvhKi gZv w`q cwZvbjvK
Avw_Kfve ^vqZkvwmZ msvq icvi Kiv| cvwbi myweavw` I Zvi cwiPvjb eevi iYveY
eenviKvix`i mwq AskMnY Avw_K Revew`wnZvi GKwU iZcY Dcv`vb| G ZvB
miKvii bxwZ nPQ t
K. cvwb GKwU A_bwZK m` wnme MY ne Ges Gi gj wbaviY mKj eenviKvixK
cvwbi `yvcZv mK mRvM Kie Ges Zv msiY Drmvn hvMve| Ze A`i
fwelZi Rb ebv wbqY I wbvkb cK (GdwmwW) _K A_ A`vqi Kvb cwiKbv
GB bxwZZ ivLv nqwb| ebv wbqY, wbvkb I mP cK (GdwmwWAvB) cvwb Kii nvi
miKvix wewa Abyhvqx Kej cwiPvjb I iYveYi (I G Gg) Rb Av`vq Kiv ne|
L. mswk miKvix msvmgnK chvqg G`i c` mevi Rb gj Avivci gZv Acb
Kiv ne|
M. cwiPvjb I iYveY LiP hZ`i me emiKvix cvq, hgb BRviv I Ab Avw_K
eevq, Av`vq Kiv ne| DcKvifvMx I Ab Dw MvxK IB aibi BRvivi
AMvwaKvi `qv ne|
N. gjKvVvgv AekB cvwb mieivnKvix I mevfvMx RbmsLvi j I cqvRbxqZvi mv_
mvgmcY ne| gwjK Pvwn`v ciYi eenvh cvwbi GKK `vg Kg ne| wK
evwYR I wk eenvii Zv avc avc ew cve| fcwi I fMf cvwbi gj,
hZ`i me, cvwb mieivni cKZ LiP cwZdwjZ ne|
O. DcKvifvMx`i KvQ _K cKi cwiPvjb I iYveYi Rb Av`vqKZ cvwbi gj
vbxqfveB msiwZ iL mswk cKi Rb eq KiZ ne|
P. mswk miKvix msv cK wPwZKiY I cwiKbv chvqB myweavfvMx`i KvQ _K
cwiPvjb I iYveYi Rb eq enbi cwZkwZ Av`vq I Zv`i KvhKi AskMnb
wbwZ Kie|

RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

17

Q. cvwbi cybeenvi, msiY, fMf cvwbi `vwqZkxj eenvi Ges AwZwi AvniY I `lY
cwZivai Rb h_vchy Avw_K Drmvn c`vbi eev ceZb Kiv ne|

4.15 MelYv I Z_ eevcbvt

bxwZ wbaviK`iK Dw j ARbi Dk jvMmB chyw wbevPb I Zvi Zvrch I cfve
mK AewnZ ivLv GKwU MwZkxj cvwb eevcbv bxwZi Rb AZvekK| cwieZbkxj cwiek
Ges RvZxq cvwb eevcbvi j ARbi mevg c_ I cwZ mK wekl, cwiKbvwe`,
ivRbxwZwe` I RbMYi ga GK mvaviY mgSvZv cwZv AZxe iZcY| eevcbvMZ wmv
hLb gkt RwUj I Z_KvZi nq co ZLb MelYv I Z_ eevcbv mnvqZv c`vbi Pvwn`vI
ew cq _vK|
G miKvii bxwZ nPQ t
K. we`gvb cvwbZvwZK cwZ, RvZxq cvwb m`i mieivn I eenvi, cvwbi YMZ gvb
Ges cwieki wewfb Z_ msMnKvix I MelYv msv cwZvbi KvQ _K cv Z_
mgw^Z Ki GKwU K`xq WvUvem I Z_ eevcbv cwZ (GgAvBGm) Mo Zvjv|
L.

RvZxq I AvRvwZK cvcU DZ cvwb I fwg eevcbv msv mgmv weklYi

j cvwb m` I Kwl MelYv cwZvbmgnK mymse MelYv cwiPvjbvi DchvMx
Ki cybMVb I kwkvjx Kiv|

M.

ebv wbqY I eevcbv msv KvVvgvMZ nci iZcY welqvw`, hgb DcKjxq
cvvimgni KvhKvwiZv, cyLvbycy Lic fwelZ bxwZ wb`kbvi Rb cixv Kiv|

N.

miKvii cvwbeev KgmPxi MnYhvMZv Ges RbMYi mg_b Mo Zvjvi cwqvq

mnvqZv `qvi j, wbwgZ AeKvVvgvZ RbMYi nc (hgb, evua KvUv ) I Zvi
cQb h msNvZcY ^v_i iqQ, Gic iZcY mgvRZvwK welqi ^ic
Abymvb|

O.

wbv j miKvix I emiKvix MelYv msv I wekwe`vjqi mw kwkvjx I

DrmvwnZ KiZ net
1.
2.
3.

RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

ewi cvwb,fcwi cvwb I fMf cvwbi mshvRK eenvii Rb jvMmB chywi

Dveb I Zvi cPvi|
AcPq iva Ges cvwb, we`yr I Rvjvwb eenvii `Zv ewi Rb cvwb
eevcbv Kkj Dveb I Zvi weKvk wbwZ Kiv|
cvwb eevcbvi Rb ` ckv`vi Rbkw mw|

18

4.16 ^v_mswk`i AskMnYt

cvwb m` eevcbv msv wmv A_bxwZi cvq cZK LvZ I mvweKfve mgM miKvix LvZK
cfvweZ Ki _vK| ZvB ^v_mswk`i AskMnY Ggbfve cwZwZ KiZ ne hvZ mswk mKj
chvqi RbMY Zv`i cZ cwZwqv e KiZ cvi| cK KvRi mKj chvq ^v_mswk`i
mw cvwb m` eevcbvi AwePQ` Ask nZ ne| GB Dk ^v_mswk`i fwgKv ewi
j mswk cwZvbmgni Kvhg cqvRb cyivcywi Xj mvRvZ ne| cvwb cKi evevqb
I wmv MnYi cwqvq GKB m mykxj mgvRi fwgKvI ew KiZ ne| vbxq cwZvbmgnK
Mo ZzjZ Ges Zv`i ga GB eevi GKwU PZb I _nxb mgSvZv mw KiZ miKvi
wbwZfveB K`xq fwgKv cvjb Kie|
cvwb m ` eevcbvi AvIZvq bxwZ-wbaviYx mKj chvq ^v_mswk`i mwq I KvhKi
AskMnY wbwZ Kivi j miKvii bxwZ n Qt
K. cvwb Dbqb cK RbmvaviYi AskMnYi Rb wb`wkKv (wRwcwc) cK cwiKbvi
Ask wnme cvwb m `b eevcbvi mv_ RwoZ me cwZvb I msv KZK AbymiY|
L. cvwb eenviKvix M c (WweDBDwR) I Abyic MvxwfwK msMVb Zixi Rb wb`wkKv
cYqb|
M. h Kvb miKvix cvwb cKi bbZg kZKiv 25 fvM gvwUi KvR mvaviYZ Dw Mvx
ev myweavfvMx`iK eiv Kiv|
N. cvwb m`i AskMnYgjK eevcbvq fwgnxb I Ab AbMmi McK mivmwi m
Kivi welq wbwZ KiZ mve mKj Dcvq Abymvb I mB Abyhvqx c`c MnY
O.

5.

Kvb mvgvwRK Mvx A_ev vbxq cwZvb bZzb cKi cve Kij Zvi evevqb ZLbB
AMvwaKvi wfwZ weePbv Kiv ne hLb mswk cKi gvU LiPi GKwU wbw` Ask
myweavfvMxiv wbR`i ga _K enb KiZ cZ
_vKeb|

cvwZvwbK bxwZt

RvZxq cvwb m`i myz eevcbv I cwiPvjbvi Rb we`gvb cwZvbmgni evcKwfwK mg^q Ges
Kvbv Kvbv msvi I MvxwfwK bZzb cwZvb mw cqvRb| cvwb m` eevcbv AbK
cvwb eenviKvix LvZ, ivRbwZK mxgv Ges fMwjK I cvwbZvwKfve ewea GjvKvK AwZg Ki|
RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

19

cwiekMZ m` eevcbvi bxwZ I wb`kbvmgni KvhKi evevqb I ckvmbi Rb h_v_fve

cwiPvwjZ cwZvb AZvekK|
miKvi msvi KgmPx I KgcwiKbv `Zvi m evevqb wbwZ Kivi Rb cqvRbgZ we`gvb
cwZvbmgn cybMVb I kwkvjx Kie| cvwZvwbK cybMVbi `yBwU iZcY bxwZ AbymiY Kiv
ne| c_gZt miKvii cwZwU chvq evevqb I cwiPvjb Kvhg _K bxwZ wbviY, cwiKbv I
wbqYgjK KvhgK c_K Kiv ne| wZxqZt cwZwU cwZvbK Avw_K I cwiPvjbvMZ Kvhgi
Rb Revew`wnZvi myLxb nZ ne|
G miKvii bxwZ nj t
K.

cvwb LvZ mwKZ meiKg Kvhg cwiPvjbvi Rb miKvi cvwZvwbK msvii GKwU
iciLv cYqb Kie| wbw` mgqv miKvi cvwb LvZi mv_ mswk mKj cwZvbi Dci
AwcZ Abykvmbmgn chvjvPbv Kie Ges cqvRb Zv`i ^-^ fwgKv bZzbfve msvwqZ
Kie hvZ cwieZbkxj Pvwn`v I AMvwaKvii AvjvK ` I KvhKi cvwZvwbK myweav
wbwZ Kiv hvq|

L.

RvZxq cvwb m` (GbWweDAviwm) `ki mKj cvwb m` eevcbv msv Kvhg

mg^q Kie, weklZt
1. cvwb m` eevcbvi wewfb i bxwZ cYqb;
2. RvZxq cvwb m`i mevg I eenvii Rb wb`kbv c`vb;
3. RvZxq cvwb eevcbv cwiKbvi cwZ I evevqb Z`viKx;
4. cvwb m` eevcbvi Rb ` cwZvbmgni weKvk wb`kbv c`vb;
5. cvwb LvZi wewfb msvi ga h_v_ mg^q mvabi Rb bxwZ wb`kbv c`vb;
6. cvwb m` eevcbvi h Kvb welqi w`K cqvRbgZ `w c`vb|

M. RvZxq cvwb m` cwil`i wbevnx KwgwUi (BwmGbWweDwm) `vwqZ ne wbic t

1.

RvZxq cvwb m` cwil`i cqvRb Abymvi cvwb m`i msM mswk cwiKbv,
eevcbv I AvtLvZ mg^q msv mKj welq bxwZ wb`k Kiv|

2.

DbZ cvwb eevcbv I wewbqvMi Rb bxwZ I cwiKbv cYqb Ges evevqb RvZxq,
AvwjK I vbxq chvqi cvwb eevcbv cwZvbmgnK wb`kbv `qv|

3.

cvwb m` eevcbv msv welqi Dci chve RvZxq cvwb m` cwil`K

AewnZKiY I Dc`k c`vb|

RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

20

4.

N.

RvZxq cvwb m` cwil`i cqvRb Abymvi wewfb mgq Zvi Dci AwcZ Ab Kvb
`vwqZ cvjb Kiv|

Iqvicv `ki mvgwK cvwb m` cwiKbv cYqbi Rb GKgv miKvix cwZvb wnmve
KvR Kie| BwmGbWweDwm-Gi wbevnx mwPevjq wnmveI wbewYZ cavb cavb `vwqZ cvjb
Kiet
1. BwmGbWweDwm -K ckvmwbK, KvwiMix, I AvBbMZ mnvqZv c`vb|
2. cvwb m` I mswk fwg I cwiekMZ eevcbv bxwZ, cwiKbv I wbqYgjK
welq BwmGbWweDwm-K civgk c`vb|
3. RvZxq cvwb m` cwil`i Abygv`bi Rb RvZxq cvwb eevcbv cwiKbv
cZKiY Ges wbw` mgqv Zv nvjbvMv`KiY|
4. RvZxq cvwb m` WvUvem (GbWweDAviwW) I Z_ eevcbv cwZ vcb I
nvjbvMv`KiY|
5. wewfb msv KZK wPwZ cvwb m` LvZi Afz RvZxq cK evevqbi Rb
wKqvwis nvDR wnmve `vwqZ cvjb Ges weeP cK GbWweDGgwc-Gi mv_
msMwZcY wKbv G welq BwmGbWweDwm-Gi wbKU cwZe`b ck Kiv|
6. RvZxq cvwb bxwZ Ges evsjv`k cvwb I ebv eevcbv Kkj ewYZ Dk I
KgmPx ciYi Rb BwmGbWweDwm-i Pvwn`v Abymvi Kvb wekl mgxv cwiPvjbv|
7. miKvi KZK AwcZ Ab Kvb Kvhg cwiPvjbv Kiv|

O.

Mvx chvq wewfb mgq cvwb m` eevcbvi Rb mykxj mgvRi mnvqZvq gvVchvqi
ZYgj cwZvbmgni Dbqb miKvi gyL fwgKv cvjb Kie|

P.

cvwb eenviKvix`i KvQ vb I chyw nvii Rb miKvix cvwb cK GKwU cwkY AsM
Afz _vKe hv cK KvRi cwZwU chvq evevqbKvix msv cwiexY Kie|

6.

AvBbMZ KvVvgvt

cvwb bxwZi KvhKi evevqbi Rb h_vchy AvBbMZ KvVvgv wbYq Kiv GKwU gwjK welq|
evsjv`ki h Kvb aiYi cvwb eevcbvi msM mwKZ we`gvb AvBbi KvhKvwiZvi Rb wKQy wKQy

RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

21

gj welq miK wewai cqvRb nq| GKwU RvZxq cvwb KvWi gvag GB bxwZ KvhKi Kiv ne hvi
ga Gi evevqbi AbyKj
mywbw` KwZcq weavb m^wjZ _vKe|
G miKvii bxwZ nPQ t
K.

cvwb m` eevcbvi Dci cfve iqQ Ggb AvBb I wbqYgjK wewa-weavb wbw`
mgqv chvjvPbv Kiv Ges cvwb msv wewfb DcLvZi ga ` mg^qi Rb cqvRbxq
mskvab I cwieZbi cve Avbqb|

L.

cvwb m`i gvwjKvbv^, Dbqb, AveUb, eenvi, msiY Ges q _K iv msv

AvBb mskvab I msnZ KiZ GKwU RvZxq cvwb KvW cYqb|

RvZxq cvwb bxwZ

22