(Resonance)

.
Proton

Proton 1.41Tesla (14,000

Gauss)
60MHz .

3.8 : =

proton
. ,
, 2
, .
(resonance) ,
.

(chemical shift) (shielding)

proton
.

Shielding
proton
,
.
(valence-shell)
proton .
Proton
(shielding) .

proton
.

(local diamagnetic current)
,
.

3.10 -

(chemical shift) (shielding)

,
2 ,
.
, proton
.

.

.
.
proton
(shielding)eh ,
.

(chemical shift) (shielding)

.
Chloromethane fluoromethane proton
72Hz .( 1.41T)
60MHz
100 1(1ppm).

,
proton
.
.
TMS(tetramethylsilane)
TMS proton proton
.
, proton TMS
(Hz )
.

proton
(chemically equivalent)

NMR
.
proton

proton
peak
proton

NMR peak

proton
.

2 NMR peak
-
proton
.

3 NMR peak


proton .


NMR
.
Phenylacetone 5:2:3
proton .
NMR
.(
)

.
Benzylacetate (55.5, 22.0, 32.5)

 (Phenylacetone)

3.12 phenylacetone 60MHz ( peak TMS)

 (benzyl acetate)

proton
.
IR (,
ppm) proton .

3.20 proton

.
CH3X

3
.

.
proton .
proton .
proton ,
proton .
proton .
proton , proton
.

 (magnetic anisotropy)

aromatic

.

(ring current) .
(loop)
,

.




.

3.21 benzene

 (magnetic anisotropy)


.

,

.

,
proton

NMR
Proton

Benzene proton
.

- (n+1)
proton
(equivalent)
proton (n)
(n+1) .

1,1,2-trichloroethane

3.25 1,1,2-trichloroethane (60 MHz) 1H-NMR

Ethyl iodide(CH3CH2I)

2.26 ethyl iodide 1H-NMR (60MHz)

2-nitropropane

3.27 2-nitropropane 1H-NMR (60MHz)

Pascal
n+1

pascal


.

3.33 Pascal


1. C4H8O2 ester.
.


2. C9H12 .
.


3. bromine carboxylic acid. :
C4H7O2Br. 10.97ppm peak ( 0-8ppm
). ?


4. acetic acid isomeric() esteremf
, C5H10O2dlek.
.
(pp.113-114).
. (1.7
) . 2 .
(10).
,
.
1:3:6 .
ester .
1.7 div

1.0

2H

2.5 div

1.47

3H

1.7 div

1.0

2H

2.5 div

1.47

3H