ლიბერალი, მარტი 2011

liberali . marti 2011 .
68
liberali . marti 2011 . 68
# 68 / 21-27 marti / 2011
foTis porti. marti 2011
nomerSi: 02 liberalis vebgverdidan 04 mokled 06 ori azri unda gaizardos Tu ara satelevizio reklamis raodenoba? andro alaviZe VS Tamar korZaia fokusi 08 SeZruli iaponia 13 axla qari okeanisken qris da tokios safrTxe ar emuqreba msoflio 18 kadafi: `Tu msoflio SeiSleba, arc Cven davrCebiT valSi~
mezoblebi didi risxvis dRe? enigmaturi patimari konfliqtebi 24 afxazuri Sidapolitika politika 25 eziare donalds 28 molaparakeba bundovani SedegiT mTavari Tema 30 ekonomikuri saswauli, romelic ar moxda ekologia 36 `mwvane~ saqarTvelo sazogadoeba 38 ojaxuri vendeta ganaTleba 40 `TviTneboba~ akademiaSi 20 22
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Tvalsazrisi lokaluri warmodgenebis miRma mediakritika vin gviSveba Tavze? Tvalsazrisi cxovreba subtitrebiT reviu ucnauri xili teqnologiebi kultura saTno da poeturi mazoxistebi qalaqSi moxetiale kacis Canawerebi werili vis?
garekanze: SeZruli iaponia
Jurnali `liberali~ gamoicema fond `Ria sazogadoeba _ saqarTvelos~ mxardaWeriT.
avtoris / avtorebis mier sainformacio masalaSi gamoTqmuli mosazreba ar gamoxatavs fondis `Ria sazogadoeba-saqarTvelos~ pozicias. Sesabamisad,, fondi ar aris pasuxismgebeli masalis Sinaarsze. The views, opinions and statements expressed by the authors and those providing comments are theirs only and do not necessarily reflect the position of Open Society Georgia Foundation. Therefore, the Open Society Georgia Foundation is not responsible for the content of the information material.
foto Temo barZimaSvili
liberalis vebgverdidan
www.liberali.ge
mewamoris atomuri eleqtrosadguri - safrTxe mTeli regionisTvis
Zalian droulia Tqveni gamoxmaureba da iqneb sxvebmac daweron amis Sesaxeb. isedac seismuri zonaa kavkasia da Zalian saSiSia, Tan Zveli sabWoTa meTodebiT aSenebuli atomuri sadguri, ra unda iyos. imedia, somxeTis mTavroba gaiTvaliswinebs da daiwyebs evrokavSirTan TanamSromlobas, rom saerTod daxuron eg sadguri. stumari reaqtorebi ar afeTqebula. afeTqda dagrovebuli wyalbadi, reaqtorebi jer mxolod Jonavs. cannabis daculi stilis sazogadoeba CemSi aranair gaRizianebas ar iwveven aseTi adamianebi. simarTle giTxraT, xandaxan verTobi kidec. me vfiqrob amas seriozulad ar SeiZleba Sexedo. glamuri da svetski ambebi yvelgan arsebobs. imis miuxedavad, rom es yvelaferi saqarTveloSi Zalian goimuria, mainc moaqvs garkveuli progresi. niko kaxeTeliZe mTavari ar dagvaviwydes, rom Cvenma
cancoebma Svilebi unda gaaCinon da gazardon da ara mgonia maT marto brendebic codna-moxmareba eyoT amisaTvis. ase rom niaz diasamiZis naTqvami rom gadavakeTo: gaverToT, magram nela da frTxilad (viCqaroT nelas) ambavSi. stumari gaRimebulma CavikiTxe bolomde, periodulad xmiT vicinodi, finalma gansakuTrebiT masiamovna, imitom rom iyo sruliad boRmis da agresiis gareSe dawerili, msubuqi, saxaliso, kritikuli da zustad "10-ianSi gartymuli". c. anu me Cven yvelas gvaqvs Cveni dss, anu mikrosociumi, romelic cxovrobs Tavis wesebiT, stiliT. da am wesebs miRma darCenili adamianebi ar arian Cvenianebi, Cven maTi ar gvesmis, zogi goimad migvaCnia, zogi sveckad, da a.S. uamravi klasifikacia SegviZlia CamovTvaloT TiToeuli dss-s gadmosaxedidan. ani fumfula beRurebis gadafrena Tbil qveyanaSi ra pontSi keTdeba aseTi gadacemebi da ras gvaZlevs netav... an vis aZlevs rames (garda gadacemaSi dasaqmebuli adamianebisa)? giorgi23 me piradad, ukve ramdenime welia ar vuyureb televizors da ase, naTesav
megobarTan SemTxveviT Tu movkrav Tvals da yurs, magram visTvisac es televizia gudaSi Casmuli katis funqcias asrulebs, codoni arian. stumaruSka sxva arafris ganxilvas ar vapireb ramdenad Seuracxmyofelia es werili, ramdenad obieqturi da ase Semdeg... ubralod erT patara SeniSvnas gavakeTeb: beRurebi Tbil qveynebSi ar mifrinaven. stumari seqsi did qalaqSi 2-is yvela msaxiobi JoloTi daajildoves. albaT Cvens msaxiobebs qmrebiT daajildoveben. ina waugebeli TamaSi fexburTis magaliTze getyviT sabWoTa kaavSiris Cempionatze daaxloebiT msgavsi situacia iyo moskovis gundebis da dinamo Tbilisis TamaSebze magram roca dinamo Zalian Zlieri iyo mainc gaxda Cempioni. giorgi gveSveleba rame?! da rodesme davdgebiT im gzaze, rac ganviTarebis saSualebas mogvcems da minimum natoSi mainc Segviyvans? amas winaT movismine viRacam Tqva: ra nato, jer iqneba da erTxel mainc xelisufleba arCevnebis gziT SecvaloTo. Tu saerTod saWiroa natoSi SevideT? stumari
redaqtorebi: mTavari redaqtori Sorena SaverdaSvili /aRmasrulebeli redaqtori sofo Waava / kavkasia da konfliqtebi sofo bukia / sazogadoeba Tamar babuaZe / axali ambebi nana sajaia / vebgverdis redaqtori nino jafiaSvili Jurnalistebi: maia wiklauri, marika qoCiaSvili, eka WiTanava, rusudan fanoziSvili, Tamar faradaSvili, nino CimakaZe, nino robaqiZe, naTia guliaSvili kontribucia: mark maleni, giorgi cxadaia, manana vardiaSvili, ninia kakabaZe, daviT buxrikiZe, gio axvlediani, kaxa Tolordava, leqso Cqareuli, diana CaCua, naTia axalaSvili, nino beqiSvili, daniel niCi, niko nergaZe redaqcia: foto-redaqtori levan xerxeuliZe / grafikuli dizaini Tornike lorTqifaniZe / redaqtor-stilisti paata Samugia / koreqtori Tamar RonRaZe gamomcemloba: proeqtis menejeri qeTi babunaSvili / proeqtis menejeris asistenti lela SubiTiZe / klientTa momsaxurebis menejeri naTia rusaZe / distributori zviad Sengelia gamomcemeli: Sps `liberali~. misamarTi: Tbilisi 0162, faliaSvilis q. 108. tel.: (995 32) 232235, 233731, 912326. el-fosta: info@liberali.ge sxva gamocemebi: `cxeli Sokoladi~, `cxeli Sokoladi _ literatura~, `biznesi: adamianebi, meTodebi, strategiebi~. `liberalis~ saavtoro uflebebi daculia. JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli masalebis nawilobrivi da/an mTliani gamoyeneba redaqciis Tanxmobis gareSe akrZalulia. beWdva: stamba `sezani~. misamarTi: Tbilisi, wereTlis gamz. 140. tel.: (995 32) 35 70 02. gamodis kviraSi erTxel, yovel orSabaTs. pirveli nomeri gamocemulia 2009 wlis maisSi. rekomendebuli sacalo fasi 2 lari. ISSN 1987-7528 www.liberali.ge
www.liberali.ge
blogi
daculi stilis sazogadoeba

Tamar alaviZis blogi
megobars unda Sevxvedrodi yavis dasalevad da abaSiZeze, erT-erT kafeSi Sevedi. magidasTan movkalaTdi, finjani `late SevukveTe da gzad nayidi `vogis~ axali nomris gacnobas Sevudeqi - dasvenebis dRis Cemi idealuri scenari. idilia ninas (ase hqvia megobars) gamoCenam daarRvia. sabednierod-meTqi, vityodi, rom ara ori ucxo `frinveli~, romlebic Rimilmixatul ninas energiuli svliT Semohyvnen da Cem gverdiT skamebze komfortulad mokalaTdnen. gogonebma erTnairi (!) bewvis Jiletebi skamebze miafines, `Burberry ~-is kubokrulSi gadawyvetili nacrisferbotiani fexebi gadaajvaredines da `YSL~-is vercxlisferi CanTidan amoRebul `Davidoff ~-s daewafnen. erT-erTma TiTebiT haerSi wre moxaza: ài, amxela traki aqvs. marTla!~ ase gavicani ninas Tormeti wlis unaxavi klaseli - canco da misi Tanmxlebi manco. `didtraka qarTuli Soubiznesis erTi warmomadgeneli aRmoCnda, romelsac sastikad ar gauamrTla da ìsi paris silamazis centrSi~ èlpeJes~ aparatiT celulitis daSla-ganadgurebis proceduris rigSi cancosTan erTad moxvda. `ras dalevT?~ - Tema Secvala ninam da uxerxulad gamiRima. aRmoCnda, rom gogonebi verafersac ver daleven - lalisgan modian, frCxilebi daigrZeles da dRis bolomde myar, cxel sagnebTan Sexeba aekrZalaT. kargi, menius ganxilva gamoiricxa. veZebT sxva Temas. ninas samsaxuris ambebi - ùime, Sen kide muSaob?~ Cemi leqciebi - dumili. iaponiis miwisZvra - sruli fiasko. isev `vogma~ gviSvela. ~vgiJdebi am qalze! (ania rubiki) ra tani aqvs!` - canco `kai ra, Jizeli jobia!~ - manco `nu exa! Jizeli Jizelia!~ - canco dumili. TandaTan vxvdebi, rom `daculi stilis sazogadoebis~ Rirseul wevrebSi movxvdi. `daculi stilis sazogadoebis~ (SemdgomSi `dss~-s) wevrebi gansakuTrebuli xalxia. isini cxovroben mkacrad gansazRvruli grafikiT: RviZavT dilis (!) samidan Ramis sam saaTamde. ikvebebian mxolod foTlebiT. atareben mxolod saxelovan nivTebsa da tanisamoss. ar (ver) gamoxataven gakvirvebas, radgan ar aqvT Sublis naoWebi. samagierod, aqvT sakmarisze meti tuCis qsovili. `feisbukze~ iZebnebian `yvelaze ulamazesebis~, `yvelaze ulamazesebis da uZerskesebis~ da `yvelaze sveckebis~ fotoalbomebSi. maTi cxovreba ar aris ioli. ai, axlac, cancos ai-foni rekavs da vigebT, rom 20 wuTSi unda gaiqces - `varTana iyo. Tmebi momitana~. batono? `dagrZelebas vikeTeb~. Tavis mxriv, cota putkuna manco `dss~-s inteleqtualuri frTis warmomadgenelia. erT kviraSi egvipteSi midis dasasveneblad da karg `pliaJni~ wigns eZebs. koelio? pamuki? akunini? gadawyda, rom wiTel zRvaze koelio gaemgzavreba - `pamuki ar minda, Zaan mZimea. naxevari Cemodani marto magas unda~. `dss~-s warmomadgenlebs yvelgan ver SexvdebiT. Semodgoma-zamTris sezonze isini ikribebian abaSiZis quCis ramdenime kafeSi. Tbil amindSi maTTvis Tvalis mokvra SegiZliaT Sardeni-bambis rigis midamoebSi. aseve, arian "bendusTan" (Tu ar iciT, rom vakis sacurao auzs hqvia ase, jobia `dss~-elebTan es ar wamogcdeT). magram, auzSi maTi moZebniT tyuilad nu daiRlebiT - zafxulobiT aivanze, civ amindebSi ki auzis kafesa da saunaSi SeixedeT. aucileblad icnobT - grZeli gasworebuli Tma, maRalqusliani qoSi da uzarmazari, logoiani saTvale. Tanac, didi Sansia, televizorSic gyavdeT ro-
melime nanaxi. `Tbilisi laivi~ uamaTod ar Caivlis. wiTeli xaliCa uamaTod ar daigeba. daakvirdiT titrebSi - `canco maCaiZe, cnobadi saxe~. 20 wuTi nela, magram mainc gavida. gogonebi varTanasTan gaiqcnen. me da nina ras vizamdiT? - avqoTqoTdiT, avqaqandiT - èrTnairad ro laparakoben?? da erTnairad ro ecvaT?? da frCxilebi? da Tmaaaa???~ hoda, saxlSi rom movedi, xelebi meqaveboda `dss~-ze blogis dasawerad. SemarTebiT daviwye kidec da ra? uceb mivxvdi, rom me da Cemi megobrebic raRac daxuruli "sazogadoeba" varT. Cvenc raRac niSnebiT gamovirCeviT da albaT Cveni Cvevebic sasaciloa bevrisTvis. ras verCi am cancos? mere ra, rom naxevar dRes salonSi atarebs da meore naxevars gabuRul kafeSi? mere ra, Tu `feisbukze~ ìvenTebsa~ da `farTebze~ press-baneris fonze gadaRebul fotoze miweril `yvelaze lamazos~ ase upasuxebs - `Sen Cemze lamazo!~ samagierod, me SabaTobiT patara kafeSi vzivar, `lates~ vwrupav da `vogs~ vaTvaliereb.
mokled
saprotesto aqciebi somxeTSi
eravanSi 17 marts erovnuli kongresis mitingi gaimarTa. 2008 wlis Semdeg Tavisuflebis moedanze opoziciis mitingis gamarTva aikrZala, 2008 wlis 1 marts erevanSi samarTaldamcavebsa da momitingeebs Soris Setakebas 10 adamiani emsxverpla. kongresis liderma, somxeTis pirvelma prezidentma, levon ter-petrosianma matenadaranTan gamarTuli mitingze ganacxada, rom `moqmedebebis dros dadga~. xelisuflebam unda iCqaros, radgan movlenaTa `gawelva~ SesaZloa, misTvis da qveynisTvis sabediswero aRmoCndes, - ganacxada ter-petrosianma.
daZabuloba sparseTis yureSi

mas Semdeg, rac bahreinis mTavrobam opoziciis 7 lideri daakava, aSS-m oficialur bahreins momitingeebTan molaparakebebisken mouwoda. antisamTavrobo demonstraciebis winaaRmdeg Zalis gamoyeneba gaakritika gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciamac. gaeros generalurma mdivanma pan ki munma, bahreinSi mimdinare movlenebze Rrma SeSfoTeba gamoTqva da ganacxada, rom mTavrobis qmedebebi saerTaSoriso samarTals ewinaaRmdegeba. destabilizacia bahreinSi arabul samyaroSi mimdinare saprotesto gamosvlebis gagrZelebaa. demonstrantebi monarqiis gauqmebas, konstituciis Secvlas, uflebriv Tanasworobasa da ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas moiTxovdnen. xelisuflebam gamosvlebs Zaladobrivi meTodebiT upasuxa da dedaqalaqis centri momitingeebisagan specrazmis daxmarebiT gawminda. situacia gansakuTrebiT mas Semdeg gamwvavda, rac bahreinis demonstraciebze iranuli dafinanseba gamoCnda. martis dasawyisSi bahreinis mefe iZulebuli gaxda, daxmarebisTvis arabTa TanamSromlobis sabWosTvis miemarTa. saudis arabeTs regionSi iranis gaaqtiureba did safrTxes uqmnis da yvelanair Zalas xmarobs, rom Teirani daabalansos. saudis arabeTis mmarTveli er-riadi swrafad gamoexmaura da bahreinSi samxedro SenaerTebi Seiyvana, maleve mas arabTa gaerTianebuli saemiroebi da kataric SeuerTdnen, ramac iranis didi gaRizianeba gamoiwvia. Teiranis miznebs - axlo aRmosavleTSi regionuli hegemonobis mopoveba scados - kargad xedavs TeTri saxli. CrdiloeT afrikisagan gansxvavebiT, aSS-s sparseTis yuris qveynebSi didi ekonomikuri interesebi aqvs da is ecdeba, ar dauSvas am regionis destabilizacia. iranis sagareo saqmeTa ministrma ali akbar salehma bahreinSi saudis arabeTis Zalebis Seyvanas yovlad dauSvebeli uwoda. paralelurad, Teirani im qveynebis waqezebiTaa dakavebuli, romlebzec saudis arabeTis nabijma SeiZleba, uaryofiTi gavlena iqonios.
samTavrobo kvireuli parlamentSi

22-25 marts parlamentSi samTavrobo kvireuli gaimarTeba. kvireulis farglebSi premierministri nika gilauri da ekonomikuri blokis ministrebi deputatebs angariSs Caabareben. parlamentis Tavmjdomarem daviT baqraZem mTavrobis dagegmil angariSs `kargi iniciativa uwoda da aRniSna, rom amiT axali precedenti iqmneba xelisuflebis am ori Stos urTierTobebSi.
mokled
prezidentis viziti StatebSi

moiyvana reformatorTa axalgazrda gundi, romelsac qveynis Seneba Tavidan mouxda: dRes is adamianebi, romlebic regionis politikas qmnian da sazogadoebriv azrs ayalibeben, maT Soris rusebic, Camodian saqarTveloSi, raTa gaecnon axal ideebs Zveli problemebis mosagvareblad, - ganacxada mixeil saakaSvilma. prezidenti aseve Sexvda senatSi `demokratebis lider hari reids da `respublikelebis liderebs, maT Soris senator jon makkeins, romelmac saqarTvelosTvis TavdacviTi iaraRis miwodebis aucileblobaze gaamaxvila yuradReba.
citatebi
prezidenti saakaSvili aSS-Si vizits ganagrZobs, vizitis farglebSi is kongresmenebs da saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mmarTvelebs Sexvda. prezidenti aseve estumra brukingis instituts, sadac saxalxo revoluciebze isaubra. prezidentis gancxadebiT, saqarTveloSi saxalxo revoluciam, xelisuflebaSi
libiaze Tavdamsxmelebs sicocxle jojoxeTad eqceva libiis prezidenti muamar kadafi mosalodneli samxedro operaciis Sesaxeb Cemi da Cemi Tanamoazreebis prioritetia, saqarTvelos hqondes meti SeiaraReba. senatori jon makeini prezident saakaSvilTan Sexvedris Semdeg `gvinda gvqondes idealuri arCevnebi. prezidenti saakaSvili vaSingtonSi, brukingsis institutSi gamosvlisas pirveli Sexvedra miznad isaxavda poziciebis maqsimalurad daaxloebas. am wuTisTvis orive mxridan aris mcdeloba, rom poziciebis daaxloeba moxdes. nino kalandaZe vaWrobis msoflio organizaciaSi ruseTis gawevrianebaze mimdinare molaparakebebze
yvelaze saxifaTo reaqtorebis xuTeuli

mas Semdeg, rac iaponiaSi momxdarma stiqiurma ubedurebebma qveyana atomuri katastrofis safrTxis winaSe daayena, radio Tavisuflebam yvelaze saxifaTo atomuri sadgurebis xuTeuli gamoaqveyna. siis saTaveSi, somxeTis mewamoris atomuri eleqtrosadguria. mdebareobisa da asakis gamo is yofil sabWoTa sivrceSi erT-erT yvelaze saxifaTo reaqtorad miiCneva. saxifaTo reaqtorebis siaSi aseve moxvdnen: didi britaneTis atomuri wyalqveSa floti, rumineTis Cernovodis atomuri eleqtrosadguri, leningradis atomuri eleqtrosadguri da enriko fermis saxelobis atomuri eleqtrosadguri miCiganSi, aSS.
ruseTis adgilobrivi arCevnebi

ruseTis mmarTvelma partiam edinnaia rosiam adgilobrivi arCevnebSi qveynis Tormetive regionSi gaimarjva. arCevnebis Sedegs, romelSic partiam xmaTa 46,2% miiRo, premier ministrma vladimer putinma damakmayofilebelze meti uwoda. mmarTvelma partiam mcirediT gaaumjobesa wina adgilobrivi arCevnebis Sedegi, 2007 wels partiam xmebis 46% miiRo. es ar aris didi progresi, Tumca migviTiTebs xalxis rwmenaze zogadi krizisis dros, - ganacxada premier ministrma. 13 marts gamarTul arCevnebze samma partiam: `komunistebma, `liberal-demokratebma da `samarTlianma ruseTma mTlianobaSi xmebis 48% aiRes.
ricxvebi
100-150 mln
dolariT saqarTvelosTvis daxmarebas ganixilavs àTaswleulis korporacia.
5 milard
dolaramde SeiZleba, gaizardos saqarTvelosTvis donorTa daxmareba.
42%
amerikeli milionerebisa ukmayofiloa cxovrebiT.
21 marts
saqarTveloSi novruz bairami aRiniSneba.
ori azri
momxre andro alaviZe, parlamentari
mauwyeblobis SesaxebkanonSi Sedis cvlileba, romlis mixedviTac izrdeba televiziebSi reklamisTvis gankuTvnili dro. sareklamo drois mateba televiziebisTvis damatebiTi finansuri wyaroa, ris mozidvis SesaZlebloba televiziebs miscems met saredaqcio damoukideblobas. garda amisa, aseve mniSvnelovania sareklamo bazarze moxdes fasebis koreqcia. raki kanonmdeblobiT SesaZlebeli iqneba televiziebSi meti reklamis ganTavseba, ar aris gamoricxuli satelevizio reklamis fasic Semcirdes. rodesac bazarze raRac produqtis, am SemTxvevaSi, reklamis miwodeba gaizrdeba da moTxovna igive rCeba, maSin misi fasi iklebs. sabazro ekonomikidan gamomdinare, aRniSnulma cvlilebam fasis Semcirebaze gavlena unda moaxdinos. fasebis koreqcia TavisTavad xels Seuwyobs mewarmeebsac da maT miecemaT saSualeba reklama televiziebSi maTTvis ufro mosaxerxebel fasad ganaTavson. es kanonmdebloba uTanasworo mdgomareobaSi ar Caagdebs sxva media saSualebebs da am kanonis miRebiT isini ar dazaraldebian. gazrdili telereklama ar niSnavs, rom mewarmeebi sxva media saSualebebs ar mimarTaven. arsebobs reklamis ganTavsebis specifika, romlis mixedviT iReben gadawyvetilebas, Tu sad ganaTavson is - televiziaSi Tu magaliTad gazeTSi, da ara fasebis mixedviT. es kanoni aris zogadi maregulirebeli norma, romelic gansazRvravs Tu ra periodulobiT aris SesaZlebeli sareklamo CarTva ama Tu im gadacemaSi. magaliTad, Tu manamde 45 wuTze naklebi xangrZlivobis ar unda yofiliyo filmi, rom is televizias reklamiT gaeWra, axla es dro Semcirda 30 wuTamde. am kanonSi detalebia gawerili Tu ra reklamis da tele-Sopingebis CarTva SeiZleba ganxorcieldes sxvadasxva dros. am cvlilebebis mizani iyo, kanonmdeblobis evrokavSiris direqtivebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvana. vfiqrob, yvela es mizani emsaxureba televiziebis gaZlierebas, maT saredaqcio damoukideblobas da damatebiTi finansebis mopovebis SesaZleblobas.
unda gaizardos Tu reklamis ra

raki kanonmdeblobiT SesaZlebeli iqneba televiziebSi meti reklamis ganTavseba, ar aris gamoricxuli satelevizio reklamis fasic Semcirdes. rodesac bazarze raRac produqtis, am SemTxvevaSi, reklamis miwodeba gaizrdeba da moTxovna igive rCeba, maSin misi fasi iklebs. sabazro ekonomikidan gamomdinare, aRniSnulma cvlilebam fasis Semcirebaze gavlena unda moaxdinos.
ori azri
mowinaaRmdege Tamar korZaia axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia
ara satelevizio aodenoba?

Cvens kanonSi ki weria, rom reklamis xangrZlivoba ar unda aRematebodes 20%-s 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi. rac imas niSnavs, rom mauwyebels miecema lavirebis SesaZlebloba, mas SeeZleba praim-taimSi ganaTavsos reklama da dilis eTeri saerTod ar datvirTos reklamiT; anu irRveva proporciuli gadanawilebis principi, rac aseve Selaxavs mayureblis, rogorc momxmareblis, interess.
satelevizio reklamisTvis gamoyofili drois gazrdis ideas ar veTanxmebi, pirvel rigSi, imitom, rom kanonmdeblebis avtorebi am kanonis miRebis safuZvlad uTiTeben evrokavSiris direqtivebs reklamasTan dakavSirebiT, rasac SemoTavazebuli cvlilebebi pirdapir ewinaaRmdegeba. direqtivis Tanaxmad, mayureblis interesi ar unda Seilaxos da gadacemebis mTlianoba ar unda dairRves. saqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, sabavSvo gadacemebSi an mxatvrul filmSi, sareklamo wyveta ar SeiZleba 45 wuTis ganmavlobaSi. aseve gaTvaliswinebulia, Tu ramdeni wami SeiZleba, wyveta gagrZeldes. cvlilebis Tanaxmad, wyvetebs Soris drois Sualedi 30 wuTamde Camoiyvanes, riTac kanonmdebloba TiTqos direqtivas Seusabames, magram ar daadgines limiti - Tu ramdeni wams SeiZleba, sareklamo wyveta gagrZeldes. evrokavSiris direqtivaSi aseve naTqvamia, rom ar unda dairRves gadacemis mTlianoba, rac kanonSi Sesatani cvlilebebiT uxeSad irRveva. meore sakiTxi, rac absolutur winaaRmdegobaSi modis direqtivasTan, aris reklamis xangrZlivobis gansazRvra astronomiuli saaTis mixedviT. direqtiva ambobs (muxli 23), rom erTi astronomiuli saaTis ganmavlobaSi reklama ar unda aRematebodes, am drois 20%-s. Cvens kanonSi ki weria, rom reklamis xangrZlivoba ar unda aRematebodes 20%-s 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi. rac imas niSnavs, rom mauwyebels miecema lavirebis SesaZlebloba, mas SeeZleba praim-taimSi ganaTavsos reklama da dilis eTeri saerTod ar datvirTos reklamiT; anu irRveva proporciuli gadanawilebis principi, rac aseve Selaxavs mayureblis, rogorc momxmareblis, interess. garda amisa, cvlilebebi aseve pirdapir winaaRmdegobaSi modis direqtivasTan sainformacio gamoSvebaSi reklamis gaSvebis xangrZlivobis Sesaxeb. dRes moqmedi kanoniT, dasaSvebia 30 wuTze meti xangrZlivobis sainformacio gamoSvebaSi wyveta ganxorcieldes yovel 15 wuTSi erTxel da ara umetes 120 wamiT, rac 300 wamiT icvleba. Sedegad viRebT saaTSi 1200 wams, anu 20 wuTs, rac astronomiuli saaTis mesamedia. cvlilebebi ar Seesabameba evrokavSiris direqtivebs da laxavs mayureblis uflebas, ar dairRves gadacemis yurebis aRqmis mTlianoba.
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foto io iung haki / REUTERS
miwisZvriT da cunamiT daziane
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SeZruli iaponia
katastrofebiT datvirTulma istoriulma gamocdilebam iaponur kulturaSi ori TviTgadarCeniTi meqanizmi daamkvidra: pragmatizmis iaponuri brendi da organuli pativiscema sazogadoebrivi wesrigisadmi.
diana CaCua
75 wlis hirosato vako sakuTar sofels gahyurebs, romelsac erTi saaTis win miwisZvram da cunamim gadauares. okeanispira patara dasaxlebisgan mxolod metalis grovebi, nangrevebi da masSi moyolili adamianebis dasaxiCrebuli sxeulis nawilebi darCa. aseTi ram man cxovrebaSi mxolod erTxel - meore msoflio omis dros naxa. me meore msoflio omisas koaliciis jarebis mier sendais sahaero dabombvebis dros micxovria, magram is rac axla vnaxe, gacilebiT Semzaravi iyo, - ixsenebs hirosato vako. 11 martis katastrofa iaponiis premier-ministrma naoto kanma meore msoflio omis Semdeg yvelaze did krizisad Seafasa. TiTqos iaponiaze mesame atomuri bombi gamoscades. oRond amjerad es Cvenive xeliT moxda, - ixsenebs 82 wlis keijiro macuSima, romelic hirosimas atomur afeTqebas gadaurCa. hirosimaSi warsulis mogonebebi atomur eleqtrosadgur fukuSima 1-is reaqtorebis afeTqebebma kidev ufro gaamZafra. fukuSima 1-ze momxdar avarias sirTuliT meeqvse kategorias ganakuTvneben, maSin, roca 1986 wels Cernobilis atomur sadgurze momxdari avaria yvelaze rTuli, meSvide kategoriis iyo. xelisuflebam atomuri eleqtrosadguris 20-30 kilometris radiusSi mcxovreb mosaxleobas evakuaciisken mouwoda. radiaciuli donis zrdis gamo mTavrobam sadguridan muSebis gayvanac daiwyo. atomuri sadguris muSebisTvis radioaqtiuri dasxivebis norma 100-dan 250 milizivertamde gazardes, radgan iaponiis jandacvis saministros cnobiT, sxva gamosavali ubralod ar iyo - qveyanaSi ar darCa specialisti, visac radiaciis dasaSveb normaze meti ar miuRia. `miwisZvra imdenad ar maSinebs, ramdenadac radiacia,"- ambobs 35 wlis masaSi ioSida, romelic sendaiSi cxovrobs. am etapze, oficialuri monacemebiT, 9.0 magnitudis miwisZvris da cunamis Sedegad iaponiaSi 5000-ze meti adamiania daRupuli, ugzoukvlod daikarga 8000-ze meti, 450 aTas adamianze meti droebiT banakebSi da skolis sportul darbazebSi cxovrobs. msxverpli amis meaTasedic ar iqneboda, rom ara 4 metriani cunami, romlis pirveli talRac CrdiloeT iaponiaSi miwisZvridan ramdenime wuTSi ganicades. sendaidan 304 kilometrSi mdebare tokioSi, winaswari Setyobinebis sistemis wyalobiT, mosaxleobas miwisZvrisTvis mosamzadeblad 80 wami hqonda. sistemam avtomaturi cnoba televiziis da mobilurebis gziT gaavrcela.
ebul saxlebs boli asdiT. sendai, iaponia, 12 marti 2011.
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TariRebi
vfiqrobdiT, rom gaCerdeboda, magram aRar Cerdeboda. mere gavacnobiereT, rom es sxva SemTxveva iyo. uceb gamielva gonebaSi, rom es swored is didi iyo. ra SegiZlia, am dros gaakeTo? araferi... - ixsenebs 26 wlis Cieko ioSida, romelic miwisZvris dros tokioSi meeqvse sarTulze imyofeboda. cunamis moaxloebis dadgena gacilebiT rTuli saqmea da amisTvis iaponias jer gamarTuli sistema ar gaaCnia. xelisuflebam cunamis Sesaxeb cnoba miwisZvridan sam wuTSi, wynari okeanis cunamis Setyobinebebis centrma regionaluri cnoba ki mxolod 9 wuTSi gaavrcela. aseTi xangrZlivi pauza centrs imis dasadgenad dasWirda, Tu sad moxda miwisZvra da ra saxis moqmedeba gamoiwvia man. cru da dauzustebeli cnobebi sistemis sandoobas Searyevs, amitomac specialistebs pirveli cnobis gavrcelebamde mTeli rigi faqtorebis gaTvaliswineba uwevT. sabednierod, cunami miwisZvraze nela iwyeba. is iseTive siCqariT gadaadgildeba, rogorc TviTmfrinavi Rrma wylebze. iaponiis miwisZvra simZlavriT 500jer aRemateboda haitis miwisZvras, romelsac pirvelisgan gansxvavebiT, cunami ar mohyolia. amis miuxedavad haitize daRupulTa ricxvi 20jer aRemateba dReisaTvis iaponiaSi daRupulTa raodenobas. es arc aris gasakviri. iaponia ramdenime teqtonikur platformaze mdebareobs, rac weliwadSi 1000-mde miwisqveSa biZgs iwvevs. amitom iaponias mTels msoflioSi miwisZvrebisTvis yvelaze kargad Semzadebuli infrastruqtura da sazogadoeba hyavs. katastrofis Semdeg saerTaSoriso mediis yuradReba swored iaponelebis momzadebulobam, mowesrigebulobam da Seupovrobam miipyro. katastrofebiT datvirTulma istoriulma gamocdilebam iaponur kulturaSi ori TviTgadarCeniTi meqanizmi daamkvidra: pragmatizmis
11 marti: iaponiaSi 9 magnitudis simZlavris miwisZvra xdeba, romelic cunamis iwvevs. dRis ganmavlobaSi 6,3 magnitudis miwisZvra kidev 7-jer meordeba. fukuSimas birTvul eleqtrosadgurze erT-erTi reaqtori mwyobridan gamodis. sadgurze sagangebo mdgomareoba cxaddeba. 12 marti: afeTqeba fukuSima 1-is pirvel reaqtorze. reaqtorze sawvavis Reroebis dnobis SeCerebas vertmfrenebidan wylis dasxmiT cdiloben. eleqtrosadguris 20 kilometrian radiusSi evakuacia iwyeba. daRupulTa ricxvi 1300 aRwevs, aTasobiT adamiani dakargulia. 215 aTasi adamiani 1350 droebiT TavSesafarSi aTenebs Rames. 13 marti: mwyobridan gamodis meore da mesame reaqtorebi. iaponiis samxreT-dasavleTiT Sinmoedakes vulkani amoifrqva. 14 marti: afeTqeba mesame reaqtorze. atomuri energiis saerTaSoriso saagento Cernobilis katastrofis ganmeorebis SesaZleblobas uaryofs. 15 marti: afeTqeba meore reaqtorze. mTavroba radiaciis maRali donis arsebobas uaryofs. investorebis da ucxoeTis moqalaqeebis evakuacia grZeldeba. 16 marti: xanZari meoTxe reaqtoris SenobaSi. radiaciis maRali donis gamo sadgurze samuSaoebi Cerdeba. dRis bolos muSebs sadgurze abruneben. 17 marti: daRupulTa ricxvi 10 aTass aWarbebs. pirvel da mesame reaqtorze momxdari afeTqebis Sedegad daSavda 23 adamiani, ugzo-ukvlod daikarga 2. mesame da meoTxe reaqtorebze sawvavis Reroebis dnobis SeCerebas samxedro vertmfrenebidan tonobiT wylis dasxmiT cdiloben.
iaponuri brendi da organuli pativiscema sazogadoebrivi wesrigisadmi. hiroko iamaSita martoxela moxucia. miwisZvris dros wignebis karada daeca da fexi moitexa. rodesac ramdenime saaTiani agoniis Semdeg eqimebma, rogorc iqna, miagnes mas, hirokom maSvelebs bodiSi mouxada miyenebuli uxerxulobisTvis da ikiTxa, iqneb jer sxvebs ufro sWirdebodaT eqimebis daxmareba. SesaZlo miwisZvris, cunamis da taifunis riski Rrmad aris Camjdari iaponelebis fsiqikaSi, rac yoveldRiuri cxovrebis yovel detals gansazRvravs. iaponur kulturaSi detalebis mimarT yuradRebas bavSvebs sabavSvo baRidan uviTareben. yvelaze uaresisTvis mzadyofnis
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gor moiqces, rodesac miwa iZvris: Tavze ifarebs raime rbil gadasafarebels da uaxloesi merxis qveS Zvreba. miwisZvris dros maRal SenonebSi myofebma ician, rom gaqcevas azri ar aqvs, radgan sagangebo usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT agebul Senobebs iaponiaSi, Cveulebriv, araferi emuqrebaT. did qalaqebSi maRalsarTuliani saxlebi isea agebuli, rom miwisZvris dros, ngrevis nacvlad qanaoben. 1923 wlis pirvel seqtembers kantos miwisZvram tokio da iokohama seriozulad daaziana, regioni ki nangrevebad aqcia. maSin 100 aTasi adamiani daiRupa. zarali imdenad didi iyo, rom dedaqalaqis gadatanazec ki fiqrobdnen. amis sanacvlod iaponelebma Seneba daiwyes. xis saxlebi betonis da rkinis SenobebiT Caanacvles, gzebi ganaaxles, metros gegma SeimuSaves da aeroporti aages. katastrofebis Semdgom periodebSi aseTi politikis wyalobiT, TandaTanobiT iaponia krizisuli mdgomareobidan gamosvlis Cempionad iqca. yoveli didi miwisZvris Semdeg iaponiaSi mSeneblobis wesebi mkacrdeba. bolos wesebis gadaxedva 1981 da 2000 wlebSi moxda. 1979-2009 wlebSi Sizukas prefeqturaSi saavadmyofoebis, skolebis da sazogadoebrivi dawesebulebebis usafrTxoebis gasaZliereblad 4 miliardi dolari daixarja. sendais katastrofis Semdeg iaponiaSi usafrTxoebis zomebis kidev ufro gamkacrebas elian. samaSvelo samuSaoebis paralelurad, iaponiaSi zarals iTvlian. iaponiis ekonomikis aRdgenas yvelaze metad birTvuli energiis usafrTxoebis problema gaarTulebs. qveyanaSi 54 birTvuli eleqtrosadguria, saidanac moxmarebuli eleqtroenergiis erTi mesamedi miiReba. winaswari gamoTvlebiT, stiqiiT miyenebuli zarali 180 miliard dolars Seadgens. es uzarmazari dartymaa qveynisTvis, romelsac ganvi-
????????? ?????
miwisZvris da cunamis Sedegad sendaiSi qarxana iwvis. 12 marti, 2011.
iaponiis miwisZvra simZlavriT 500-jer aRemateboda haitis miwisZvras, romelsac pirvelisgan gansxvavebiT, cunami ar mohyolia. amis miuxedavad haitize daRupulTa ricxvi 20-jer aRemateba dReisaTvis iaponiaSi daRupulTa raodenobas.
gamosamuSaveblad sabavSvo baRebsa da skolebSi iaponeli bavSvebi sistematur wvrTnebs da simulaciebs gadian. rkinis Cafxutebi skolebis, baRebis da ofisebis pirveladi daxmarebis yuTis ganuyofeli nawilia. katastrofebs patara iaponelebs adreul asakSi legendebis meSveobiT aCveven. popularuli legendis Tanaxmad, iaponia ficxi RmerTebis qveyanaa, romlebic xSir miwisZvrebsa da bunebriv katastrofebs iwveven. yovel pirvel seqtembers, 1923 wlis kantos didi miwisZvris wlisTavze, romelmac 140 aTasi adamianis sicocxle Seiwira, iaponelebi katastrofisTvis mzadyofnis dRes aRniSnaven. tardeba wvrTnebi da simulaciebi. iaponiis CrdiloeTiT mcxovrebi bevri mosaxle sakuTar gadarCenas am momzadebas umadlis, romelic maTi cxovrebis nawilad iqca. skolis yvela moswavlem icis, ro-
foto kiodo / REUTERS
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Tarebul samyaroSi yvelaze maRali sazogadoebrivi vali gaaCnia - mSp-s 200 procenti. stiqiaSi moyolili dazRveuli qonebis Rirebuleba AIR Worldwide-is winaswari gamoTvlebiT 35 miliard dolars Seadgens. kidev erTi firmis Eqecat-is prognozebiT, uZravi qonebis danakargi 100 miliard dolars aWarbebs. iaponiis ekonomikisTvis sabednierod, stiqiam naklebad industriul regionebs gadauara. yvelaze ganviTarebuli ekonomikuri regionebi samxreTisken, nagoiasken mdebareobs. Tumca es ar niSnavs rom dazaralebul CrdiloeTSi warmoeba saerTod ar aris. magaliTad, wlis dasawyiSi `toiotam miagis prefeqturaSi qarxana gaxsna. krizisi yvelaze metad swored avtomobilebis mwarmoeblebs daazaralebs. winaswari gaTvlebiT, Toyota, Honda and Nissan mogeba wels 3-8 procentamde Semcirdeba. sainvesticio krizisis dasaregulireblad orSabaTs iaponiis erovnulma bankma finansur seqtorSi 183 miliardi dolaris odenobis Tanxa gauSva. es bankis istoriaSi erT dReSi ganxorcielebuli yvelaze msxvili operaciaa. 11 martis miwisZvrisa da cunamis Semdeg iaponiis katastrofebis kaskads qari, Stormi da Tovli daemata. amas emateba humanitaruli krizisis niSnebi. fukuSimas birTvuli eleqtrosadguris maxloblad minamasotaSi jer kidev arian moqalaqeebi, romlebmac regionis datoveba ver SeZles da radiaciis da SimSilis safrTxis winaSe dganan. CvenTvis aravis uTqvams pirvel reaqtorze afeTqebebis Sesaxeb. amis Sesaxeb televiziiT gavigeT. sruliad izolirebulni varT. mTavrobam aq sasikvdilod migvatova, - ambobs qalaqis meri kacunobobi sakurai. maRaziebSi amoiwura elementebis, sabnebis, bambis, tualetis qaRaldis, radioebis, saZile tomrebis, farnebis da sxva produqtebis maragi. erT-erTma sastumrom SinjoSi, romelic katastrofis zonidan sakmaod moSorebiT mdebareobs, klientebs ganucxada, rom sauzmisTvis sakvebi ar hyofnida. TiTqmis yvela benzingasamarTi sadguri daxurulia. yvelaferi dangreulia da miwasTan aris gasworebuli. es sruli katastrofaa. es yvelaze saSineli SemTxvevaa, rac minaxavs, - hyveba iaponiis wiTeli jvris prezidenti tadateru konoe. gadarCenilebis Ziebis procesi grZeldeba, Tumca civ amindebTan da drois gasvlasTan erTad, cocxlebis povnis Sansi sul ufro iklebs. ofunatuSi da kamaiSi Zebnisas maSvelTa gundma verc erTi cocxali adamiani ver ipova.
ratom ar aris fukuSima Cernobili?
Cernobilis eleqtrosadgurs ar hqonda Semakavebeli rezervuari da afeTqebis Semdeg radioaqtiurma nivTierebebma pirdapir atmosferoSi gaJona. fukuSimaSi ki birTvuli procesis aqtiuri zona dacul korpusSi mimdinareobs. yvela reaqtori dacviT rezervuarSia moTavsebuli da es konstruqcia garkveul wnevasa da afeTqebebzea gaTvlili. amasTan, fukuSimaSi da CernobilSi gansxvavebuli reaqtorebi gamoiyeneba. Cernobilis reaqtori imgvarad iyo agebuli, rom rac ufro xurdeboda birTvi, miT ufro izrdeboda
reaqcia. fukuSimas reaqtorebis SemTxvevaSi ki rac ufro xurdeba reaqtori, birTvi naklebad radioaqtiuri xdeba. es iaponur reaqtorebSi eqstremalur situaciebisas TviT-gaTiSvis meqanizms qmnis. Tumca, es ar niSnavs rom Cernobilis msgavsad, fukuSimac ar SeiZleba iqces aTasobiT adamianis dazianebisa Tu gardacvalebis mizezi. ukve arsebuli radiaciis donec, romlis SenarCunebasac iaponeli specialistebi 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi cdiloben, fataluria im adamianebisTvis, romlebic reaqtorebis siaxloves imyofebian.
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iaponia
axla qari okeanisken qris da tokios safrTxe ar emuqreba

qarTveli studentis dRiurebi iaponiidan.
daviT goginaSvili
bunebrivi kataklizmebiT gamowveuli nangrevebi. kesenuma, 17 marti, 2011
11. 03. 2011

daaxloebiT dRis 3 saaTi iyo. universitetTan mdeloze vijeqi, xes miyudebuli, rodesac pirveli miwisZvra moxda. Tavidan vigrZeni, rogor amoZravda xe Cems zurgs ukan. vifiqre qaris gamoa-meTqi, magram mere davinaxe, Cems fexebqveS miwidan rogor amoiwia xis fesvebi da Cabrunda isev miwaSi. guldaRma
davweqi miwaze da mTeli taniT vgrZnobdi, Tu rogor iZvroda zedapiri. rac iaponiaSi vcxovrob, araerTi miwisZvra minaxavs. miveCvie kidec, magram mivxvdi rom es sxvebs namdvilad ar hgavda. SiSma ucbad gamiara, roca davinaxe, sruliad dawynarebuli iaponelebi rogor organizebulad gamodiodnen Senobebidan. araviTari panika an wivil-kivili - uSfoTve-
lad daelodnen rodis Cawynardeboda biZgebi da aseve uSfoTvelad miubrundnen TavianT saqmes. cota moSorebiT ki saSualo skolis moswavleebi aqeT iqiT moqanave xeebs ejajgurebodnen da kiskisebdnen. am scenam saerTod gamaxalisa. daaxloebiT naxevari saaTis Semdeg, ukve avtobusSi vijeqi da metros sadgurisken mivdiodi, roca
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foto kim kiung huni / REUTERS
fokusi
SuqniSanze gaCerebuli avtobusi acekvda. oriod wamSi sayviris kiviliT saxanZrom Cagviqrola, cota xanSi saswrafoc mihyva. sayviris xma yvela mxridan ismoda, Senobebi ise qanaobda, TiTqos erTmaneTs iaponuri tradiciuli wesiT esalmebiano. metro gaCerebuli dagvxvda, yvela sadRac cdilobda darekvas, magram mobiluri aravis umuSavebda. Tumca, xalxi wynarad iyo, ar ismoda xmamaRali laparakic ki, aRarafers vambob tirilze an isterikaze. ra Tqma unda, iaponelebi miCveulebi arian miwisZvrebs, ician, rogor moiqcnen aseT SemTxvevebSi da es aris maTi simSvidis mTavari mizezi, magram es ar aris yvelaferi. aseTi saqcieli aris TavdaWerilobisa da Rirsebis saocari magaliTi, romelic gamomuSavda am erSi sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis grZeli da metad rTuli procesis Sedegad. rac unda miCveuli iyos eri miwisZvrebs, 9.0 magnitudis siZlieris ryevis dros rTulia, ar ahyve panikas. aq ki msgavsi araferi iyo - mxolod erTi mTvrali moxuci xmaurobda, metros TanamSromlebs uyviroda; ramdeni unda malodinoT, gamiSviT, meCqarebao. sadguris garSemo, sadac sabolood momiwia Ramis gaTeva, ngrevis kvali ar SeimCneoda da aman mafiqrebina, rom sinamdvileSi miwisZvra arc ise Zlieri iyo. Tumca rogorc aRmoCnda es mxolod iaponeli arqiteqtorebis damsaxurebaa da ara miwisZvris sisustis. sabednierod, Tan Cemi neTbuqi mqonda da aman gadamarCina sruli informaciuli izolaciisagan. Seuferxeblad muSaobda mobiluri interneti. swored interneti iyo bednierebis erTaderTi gamonaTeba im saSinel Rames. araferi vicodi Cemi megobrebis Sesaxeb. umetesobas samsaxurSi mouswro miwisZvram, zogs quCaSi, zogsac ki metroSi. am dros Cveni mSveleli facebook-i aRmoCnda. ar gadavaWarbeb Tu vityvi, rom facebook-is kedlebze Seqmnilma ganwyobam xalxs mxneo-
ba daubruna. warmoidgineT situacia, rodesac biZgebi da ryevebi yoveli 10 wuTis intervaliT meordeba mTeli dReRamis ganmavlobaSi, Sen ki sruliad marto xar da ar ici, ra qna. sazareli kadrebi, romelsac yvela saagento atrialebda yvelaze sxvadasxvanairad moqmedebda: zogi daiTrguna, zogi stresSi Cavarda, sibraluli, TanagrZnoba, SiSi imisa rom aqac SeiZleba moxdes igive, sadRac gulis kunWulSi sixaruli imis gamo, rom Sen iq ar xar. Cemma megobrebmac aRniSnes, rom diliT emociebisagan ufro iyvnen
daRlilebi, vidre miwisZvriT gamowveuli yanyaliT. am yvelafers emateboda guliswamRebi miwisZvris moaxloebis Setyobinebebi telefonze. ganvmartav: iaponiis prognozirebis saagento xandaxan axerxebs xolme ramdenime wuTiT adre miwisZvris prognozirebas, da aseve gansazRvravs mis epicentrs. aseT SemTxvevebSi avtomaturad igzavneba Setyobineba yvela mobilur telefonze. mobiluri saSinel zrials iwyebs da ekranze exateba kacuna, romelic garbis.
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Txisadmi. miTxra, yvelam unda Seitanos wvlili dazaralebulebis da qveynis daxmarebaSio. odnavi pauzis Semdeg ki daamata: zustad amitom var dRes me aqo. es SemarTeba igrZnoba TiTqmis yvela iaponelSi. yvela cdilobs, akeTos Tavisi saqme SesaZleblobebis zRvarze. aq yvelas kargad aqvs gaazrebuli, rom miuxedavad maTi saqmianobisa, maT SeaqvT pirdapiri Tu iribi wvlili iaponiis sazogadoebis ganviTarebaSi da Sesabamisad, Tavs datexili tragediis aRmofxvraSi, radganac mxolod da mxolod ganviTarebul sazogadoebas SeuZlia aseT situaciebSi Sesabamisad konsolidireba.
moCvenebebis qalaqisken
13 marts damirekes NBC News-dan da SemomTavazes maTTan muSaoba. daaxloebiT Svidi gadamRebi jgufi hyavdaT mTel iaponiaSi dagzavnili, magram mainc akldaT xalxi. rodesac gavige, rom informaciis mosapoveblad SeiZleba wavsuliyaviT miwisZvriTa da cunamiT yvelaze metad dazaralebul qalaq sendaiSi, maSinve davTanxmdi. Cavalage zurgCanTaSi pirveladi saWiroebis nivTebi, Tbili tansacmeli, yvelaferi, rac damWirdeboda saxlSi daubruneblad iaponiis datovebisaTvis da 2 saaTSi ukve NBC News-is ofisSi viyavi. viqiraveT manqana da 14 marts erTerT korespondentTan da mis operatorTan erTad gaveSure sendaisken. Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT mimavali mTavari gza gadaketili aRmoCnda. atarebdnen mxolod specialuri daxmarebis manqanebs da samxedroebs. Tumca garkveuli biurokratiuli proceduris gavlis Semdeg, Cvenc mogvces saSvi da davadeqiT TiTqmis cariel avtostradas. fukuSimasTan pirvelad SevniSneT, rom gza wesrigSi ar iyo. daRunuli asfaltis gamo mZRols saWis damorCileba uWirda. gamaxsenda, televizorSi aCvenebdnen, Tu rogor iyo es gza adgil-adgil Suaze gadaxeTqili, magram aseTi ram
velosipedisti miwisZvriT dazaralebul raionSi. kesenuma, 17 marti, 2011
aq yvelas kargad aqvs gaazrebuli, rom miuxedavad maTi saqmianobisa, maT SeaqvT pirdapiri Tu iribi wvlili iaponiis sazogadoebis ganviTarebaSi da Sesabamisad, Tavsdatexili tragediis aRmofxvraSi
Stili Stormis win
12 martis dila tokioSi SedarebiT mSvidobiani iyo, biZgebic aRar yofila iseTi xSiri. atomur reaqtorze saubrobdnen, magram jer seriozuli araferi Canda, mokled, davwynardiT da yvelani Cveul mdgomareobas davubrundiT. TiTqmis yvela, vinc SabaTobiTac muSaobs (iaponiaSi bevria amgvar reJimSi), samsaxurSi gavida. magaliTad, Cems kbilis eqims Zalian gaukvirda, rodesac davureke da vkiTxe, Cemi dagegmili procedura gadaideboda Tu ara. rodesac mivedi, detalurad amixsna Tavisi midgoma am saki-
foto kim kiung huni / REUTERS
17
fokusi
Cven ar gvinaxavs. sendaisTan axlos SevniSneT asfaltis SemkeTebeli jgufebi, romlebsac TiTqmis moTavebuli hqondaT gzis remonti. iaponelTa operatiulobam Cemi amerikeli Tanamgzavrebic ki gaaoca. is ki ara, cota Sefiqriandnen, sendaiSic yvelaferi aRdgenili ar dagvxvdeso. sendai Zlieri miwisZvriT mogvesalma. qalaqSi SevediT Tu ara, magrad SegvanjRria. qalaqSi, erTi SexedviT, ukeTesi mdgomareoba aRmoCnda, vidre velodiT. garedan Senobebi sruliad mTeli iyo. erTaderTi rac Zlier miwisZvraze miuTiTebda iyo asfalti, romelic zogan moZraobaSi gayinul talRebs hgavda, zogan ki napralebiT iyo daserili. imedi Camesaxa, rom msxverpli arc ise didi unda yofiliyo. mosaxleobasac panikis araferi etyoboda. Sevaxseneb mkiTxvels, rom es iyo xalxi, romelic moxvda bunebis risxvis epicentrSi da iyo TiTqmis sruliad mowyvetili msoflios. cota xanSi datboril sanapiroze videqiT. Soridan iqauroba wylian brinjis yanebs hgavda. roca mivuaxlovdiT, davinaxe talaxSi da mcenareebSi azelili aveji, kedlis an saxuravis naglejebi, qaRaldis naglejiviT dakuWuli manqanebi. adgilobrivebidan iSviaTad Tu gamoCndeboda vinme, eZebdnen TavianTi saxlis narCenebs, magram maleve xvdebodnen, rom talaxis morevSi raimes povna TiTqmis SeuZlebeli iyo. Jurnalistebi nadirobdnen aseT msxverplze (Cven garda, kidev sam ucxour gadamReb jgufs SemoeRwia aqamde). Cemgan as metrSi davinaxe 50-iode wlis kaci, romelic muxlebze idga da ar inZreoda. Tavi Caergo wignSi da raRacas Tvals ar acilebda. roca mivuaxlovdi, davinaxe, rom kaci talaxiT moTxvril suraTebis alboms dahyurebda da RapaRupiT Camosdioda cremlebi. aRmoCnda, es misi mezobeli bavSvis albomi iyo, romlis ojaxic dakarguliyo. ociod nabijSi, saSualo skolis atestati vipove, romelic aseve am bavSvis aRmoCnda. meore diliT aeroports mivaSureT, romelic gvsmenoda, rom Zalian dazaralda. iman, rac iq vnaxeT, Cvens yvelaze pesimistur molodinsac ki gadaaWarba. TviTmfrinavebi, manqanebi, xeebi da Senobebi erTmaneTSi iyo gadazelili. aeroportis mTavari Senoba, am SenobaSi ganlagebuli maRaziebi da kafeebi savse iyo talaxiT, mcenareebiT da daWeWyili manqanebiT.
fukuSima evropis birTvul programebs aCerebs

erT-erTi yvelaze usafrTxoa. Tumca rodesac iaponiaSi warmoudgeneli da SeuZlebeli realobad iqceva, es situacias radikalurad cvlis, - aRniSna merkelma. sadgurebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb germaniis kancleris gadawyvetilebam opoziciur wreebSi da birTvuli energetikis warmomadgenlebSi ukmayofileba gamoiwvia. gasul wels mTavrobam germaniis 17 birTvuli eleqtrosadguris funqcionireba 12 wliT gaaxangrZliva, Tumca iaponiis movlenebis Semdeg gadawyvetileba sami TviT gadaavada. amas Svidi yvelaze Zveli sadguris droebiT SeCerebis gadawyvetileba mohyva. SveicariaSi sami axali sadguris mSeneblobis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba SeaCeres. safrangeTSi ki, romelic evropaSi birTvul energiaze yvelaze damokidebuli qveyanaa, 58 reaqtoris usafrTxoebis normebis Semowmeba daiwyo. evrokavSiris kidev erT qveyanaSi, bulgareTSi seismurad saSiS zonaSi birTvuli programa SeaCeres. iaponiis movlenebis Semdeg sadgurebis mSeneblobis proeqtebi evropis garda msoflios sxva qveynebSic SeaCeres. CineTma axali eleqtrosadguris mSeneblobaze gadawyvetileba SeaCera, arsebul sadgurebze ki Semowmebebis Catareba moiTxova. CineTi 27 axal sadgurs aSenebs, rac msoflios masStabiT mSenebare atomuri eleqtrosadgurebis 40 procents Seadgens. atomuri energiis saerTaSoriso saagentos SefasebiT, dRes birTvuli energiis wili energetikul bazarze imaze swrafad izrdeba, vidre TviT bazari. 2035 wlisTvis misi wili globaluri energiis warmoebaSi 8 procentiT gaizrdeba. 2030 wlisTvis 10-25 qveyanas axali atomuri eleqtrosadgurebi eqnebaT. am etapze atomuri energiis programebis farglebSi infrastruqturis mSeneblobiT ukve 12 qveyana aris dakavebuli, - acxadebs atomuri energiis saerTaSoriso saagentos generaluri direqtori iukia amano. iukia amano fukuSimaze arsebul mdgomareobas ukiduresad seriozuls uwodebs. informaciis pirvelwyarodan misaRebad energiis saerTaSoriso saagentos generaluri direqtori piradad ewveva iaponias.
1986 wlis Cernobilis katastrofis Semdeg yvelaze seriozulma birTvulma krizisma atomuri energiis gamoyenebis usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi kvlav dRis wesrigSi daayena. SabaTs germaniis quCebSi aqtivistebi atomuri energiis gamoyenebas aprotestebdnen. germaniis kanclerma angela merkelma 1980 wlamde aSenebuli yvela atomuri eleqtrosadguris daxurvis gadawyvetileba miiRo, rac fukuSimas SemTxveviT da gazrdili safrTxeebiT axsna. merkelis mizani ganaxlebadi energiebis gamoyenebaze rac SeiZleba male gadasvlaa. kancleris gancxadebiT, germaniis birTvuli eleqtrosadgurebi msoflioSi
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fokusi
SevamCnie, wvima iwyeboda. radiaciuli wvimis saSiSroebaze jer kidev wina dRiT iyo laparaki, amitom saswrafod mivaSureT manqanas, rom gavclodiT iqaurobas. aeroports bevriT ar viyaviT gacilebulebi, rom policiis blok-posts gadavawydiT. gavaCereT policiis manqanasTan da maTTan dasalaparakeblad SuSa CamovwieT, magram uecrad manqanidan samedicino niRbiani policieli gadmoxta da JestebiT gvaniSna rom SuSa agvewia, kondicioneri gamogverTo da gavclodiT sanapiros, radgan haerSi radiaciis done Zalian iyo aweuli. tokioSi dabruneba gamovricxeT, radgan gzad fukuSima unda gagvevlo. amitom gaveSureT kunZulis siRrmisken, mTebSi. interneti ar gvqonda. telefoniT davukavSirdiT danarCen jgufebs da male yvelam aq moiyara Tavi. adgilobrivebi gaocebulebi gviyurebdnen, amdeni ucxoeli erTad cxovrebaSi ar enaxaT. gareT lamazad Tovda, yvelaferi TeTrad iyo gadapentili, magram Cven zustad am naleqis gveSinoda. visxediT sastumroSi da velodebodiT mTavari ofisis gadawyvetilebas. am dros nacnobma damireka fukuSimadan da Sematyobina, rom erT-erTi reaqtori dazianda da radioaqtiurma nivTierebebma gamoJona. mirCia, qveyana dametovebina. me vuTxari, saswrafod gascloda fukuSimas da mieRo Sesabamisi daxmareba specialistebisagan, magram civad uaryo, amixsna, rom eqimia da axla iq unda iyos. Cemma rCevam ar gaWra, arc Txovnam, arc moTxovnam... RmerTs vTxov, janmrTelad gadarCes! imave saRamos miviReT Setyobineba, rom dilas unda davbrunebuliyaviT tokioSi da rom gza fukuSimas gavliT ar iyo saSiSi. es daskvna gamoitana specialurma jgufma, romelic sxvadasxva qveynebidan Sekriba NBC-m. jgufSi iyvnen seismologi, sinoptikosi da radiaciis specialisti. meore dRes dilaadrian davtoveT dasaxleba. fukuSimasTan miaxloebisTanave, mTavari ofisidan miRebuli rCevis mixedviT, fanjrebi avwieT da kondicireba gamovrTeT. amitom, momiwia, ori saaTis ganmavlobaSi, daorTqlili saqare SuSa meprialebina mZRolisTvis. daaxloebiT SuadRisTvis CamovediT tokioSi. radiaciis specialisti Tavisi aRWurvilobiT gvelodeboda. jgufis yvela wevri gagvsinja - CanTidan dawyebuli tansacmliTa da TmebiT damTavrebuli, gadaamowma monacemebi da daaskvna, rom 0.1 procentiTac ki ar migviRia dasxiveba. imave specialistebma agvixsnes, rom samxreT-dasavleTisken mqrolavi qaris gamo, tokioSi radiaciam marTlac aiwia, magram radiaciis es done rentgeniT miRebuli dasxivebis donesac ki bevrad CamorCeboda da bevrma sainformacio saagentom SecdomaSi Seiyvana xalxi. axla qari okeanisken qris da savaraudod ase gagrZeldeba ramdenime dRe. amgvarad, tokios jerjerobiT safrTxe ar emuqreba.
qali dastiris nangrevebSi moyolil dedis cxedars. qalaqi rikuzentakata, 16 marti 2011
foto kiodo / REUTERS
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msoflio
momitingeebis Crdilebi grafitize warweriT: `wadi. kadafi=vampiri~. Tobruki 15 marti 2011
libia
kadafi: `Tu msoflio SeiSleba, arc Cven davrCebiT valSi~

libiis mTavrobam gaeros rezolucias cecxlis Sewyvetis gadawyvetilebiT upasuxa, Tumca saomari qmedebebi ar Seuwyvetia.
vaso kuWuxiZe
gaeros rezolucias - libiis arasafren zonad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb - libiis mTavrobam cecxlis SewyvetiT upasuxa. libiis sagareo saqmeTa ministrma musa kusam Jurnalistebs ganucxada, rom mTavroba gaeros rezolucias emorCileba da dauyovnebliv wyvets yvela samxedro operacias. tripoliSi Sekrebil Jurnalistebs kusam aseve uTxra, rom libia yvela xerxs mimarTavs mSvidobiani mosaxleobis konfliqtisgan dasacavad. misi TqmiT gaeros rezolucia Seexeba rogorc samoqalaqo, aseve samxedro frenebs: rac uaryofiT gavlenas iqoniebs libiel xalxze da daamZimebs maT isedac rTul cxovrebas, - dasZina sagareo saqmeTa ministrma. am gancxadebidan maleve, britanuli gardiani werda, rom kadafis mTavroba pirobas ar asrulebs da The Associated Press-ze dayrdnobiT iuwyeboda, rom qalaq misrataSi samTavrobo Zalebi SeiaraRebul ieriSs kvlav agrZeleben: kadafis
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foto asmaa vagui / REUTERS
msoflio
jarebi agrZeleben qalaqis dabombvas, qalaqi savsea tankebiT da artileriiT. 25-mde adamiani ukve daRupulia, maT Soris arian bavSvebi, - werda gazeTi adgilobriv eqimze dayrdnobiT. `gaeros uSiSroebis sabWom libia arasafren zonad xuTSabaTs gamoacxada. am sakiTxs `gaeroSi arabuli ligis erTaderTi warmomadgeneli libani lobirebs. sahaero sivrcis arasafren zonad gamocxadebis garda, rezolucia ekonomikuri sanqciebis gamkacrebas, iaraRze embargos dawesebasa da saerTaSoriso sabanko angariSebis gayinvas iTvaliswinebs. rezolucias gaeros aTma wevrma dauWira mxari, Tavi Seikaves ruseTis, CineTis, germaniis, braziliis da indoeTis warmomadcxadeba libiis liderma muamar kadafim portugaliur telearx RTP-sTan interviuSi, gaero-s rezoluciis miRebamde ramdenime saaTiT adre gaakeTa: `Tu msoflio SeiSleba, arc Cven davrCebiT valSi, winaaRmdegobas gavwevT da libiaze Tavdamsxmelebs sicocxles jojoxeTad vuqcevT~, - ganacxada kadafim. manamde, libiis cis arasafren zonad gamocxadeba da SesaZlo samxedro intervencia evropelma liderebma ganixiles, Tucma parizSi Sekrebili didi rvianis qveynebis sagareo saqmeTa ministrebi ver SeTanxmdnen. arabuli ligis mier SeTavazebuli iniciativa, romelsac safrangeTi-inglisi lobirebdnen, kanadam Caagdo. kanadas ruseTmac auba mxari. libiaSi samxedro intervenciis mTavari momxre safrangeTi iyo. parizma ramdenime dRis win meamboxeTa droebiTi sabWo aRiara da msoflios misi magaliTis mibaZvisken mouwoda. safrangeTs mxars uWers britaneTic. hilari klintonisa da meamboxeTa lideris - jibrilis Sexvedris muxedavad, aSS Carevas ar Cqarobs. senatis winaSe gamosvlis dros erovnuli dazvervis direqtorma jeims klaperma ganacxada, kadafi axlo momavalSi SeZlebs meamboxeTa damarcxebas da Zalauflebis aRdgenas, amitomac aucilebelia masTan urTierTobis SenarCunebao. vrceldeba informacia, rom aSS-Si sakmaod seriozulad ganixilaven libiis orad gayofis albaTobasac.
sahaero sivrcis arasafren zonad gamocxadebis garda, rezolucia ekonomikuri sanqciebis gamkacrebas, iaraRze embargos dawesebasa da saerTaSoriso sabanko angariSebis gayinvas iTvaliswinebs. rezolucias gaeros aTma wevrma dauWira mxari, Tavi Seikaves ruseTis, CineTis, germaniis, braziliis da indoeTis warmomadgenlebma.
genlebma. rezolucia uflebamosilebas aZlevs saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobas gamoiyenon yvela zoma kadafis momxre samxedro Zalebis Tavadasxmebisagan samoqalaqo pirebis dasacavad. amasTan rezolucia gamoricxavs saerTaSoriso samxedro Zalis Seyvanas libiis teritoriaze. libiaze samxedro Seteva ramdenime saaTSi daiwyeba da masSi safrangeTi miiRebs monawileobas, ganacxada safrangeTis mTavrobis spikerma fransua baroinma paraskevs diliT. sahaero Seteva safrangeTis, britaneTis da amerikis koalicias unda Caetarebina. operaciis dawyebas adasturebda britaneTis premier ministric, devid kameroni paraskevs ambobda, rom samxedro operaciisTvis samzadisi dawyebulia. libiaze Tavdamsxmelebs sicocxles jojoxeTad vuqcevT, - es gansagareo saqmeTa ministrma lourens qenonma kanadis gadawyvetileba ase axsna: òri azri ar arsebobs, rom libiaSi mimdinare movlenebi moiTxovs qmediTi zomebis gatarebas, magram amisTvis arsebobs `gaeros uSiSroebis sabWo da swored iq unda moxdes gadawyvetilebis miReba. `sanam samxedro intervenciis gegma ganixileba, aucilebelia, situaciis daregulirebis yvela sxva saSualeba ganvixiloT da vcadoT. - daamata lavrovma. `gaeros mier miRebul rezolucias regionSi skeptikurad uyureben. im fonze, roca kadafis SeiaraRebuli Zalebi warmatebiT ibruneben dakargul qalaqebs da benRazis ramdenime dReSi gaTavisuflebas gegmaven, ekonomikuri sanqciebis gamkacrebaze saubari, ubralod sasaciloa, - acxadebs erT-erTi arabi eqsperti. libiaSi ki mdgomareoba kritikul zRvars, karga xania, gascda. xelisufleba alJiridan daqiravebuli mebrZolebis saSualebiT, artileriiTa da aviaciiT uswordeba xalxs. kadafi gamarjvebas elis da ambobs, rom imedgacruebulia evropeli kolegebis saqcieliT. man italiur gazeTi Il Giornale-sTvis micemul interviuSi ganacxada, rom yovelTvis icoda sarkozis gonebrivi daulageblobis Sesaxeb da arc ukvirs misi pozicia, magram namdvilad ar icis, ra uTxras berluskonis, romelsac uaxloes megobrad miiCnevda. mamas arc saif al kadafi CamorCa, romelmac Euronews-Tan interviuSi safrangeTis prezidenti klounad moixsenia da im Tanxis ukan dabruneba mosTxova, romliTac libiam sarkozis saarCevno kampania daufinansa.
21
mezoblebi
azerbaijani
didi risxvis dRe?

azerbaijanSi xelisuflebasac da opoziciasac ègvipturi revoluciidan~ sakuTari daskvnebi gamoaqvs.
Sahin rzaevi, baqo
bolo dros azerbaijanis dedaqalaqSi didi popularulobiT sargeblobs erTi anekdoti: Svili ekiTxeba mamas: mama, rodis vcxovrobdiT ukeT mutalibovis gadadgomis Semdeg Tu elCibeis gadadgomis Semdeg? mama pasuxobs: Svilo, yvelaze ukeT mubarakis gadadgomis Semdeg vcxovrobT.~ mubarakis gadadgomis Semdeg erTi Tve gavida da egvipteze mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi, vgoneb, azerbaijanSi xdeba. ukve erTi Tvea, saxelmwifo uwyebebSi qrTams ar iReben, Cinovnikebi ufro keTilganwyobilni gaxdnen. aSkaraa, rom egviptis movlenebma azerbaijanis xelisufleba sagonebelSi Caagdo. am kampaniis kulminacia gaxda TaTbiri, sadac piradad qveynis prezidentma mTavrobas qaTmis kvercxebze fasebis Sesamcireblad saswrafo RonisZiebis gatareba mosTxova. TaTbiramde erTi kvercxi 25 giapiki (daaxloebiT, 25 evrocenti) Rirda, TaTbiris Semdeg ki fasi orjer daeca. axla baqos maRaziebSi erTi kvercxi ukve 12 giapiki Rirs. am faqtis gamo azerbaijanSi mimdinare cvlilebebs ukve `kvercxebis revoluciac~ ki uwodes. mubarakis gadadgomam mxolod azerbaijanis xelisuflebis qmedebebSi rodi Seitana cvlilebebi. axalgazrda azerbaijanelebma, romlebic alievis mmarTvelobiT arian ukmayofiloni, daskvnebi gamoitanes ègvipturi revoluciidan~, romelic `feisbukze~ aqtivobiT daiwyo. Tebervlis bolos socialur qsel `feisbukze~ gaCnda gverdi saxelwodebiT `11 marti - didi saxalxo dRe~. am gverdis Semqmnelebi azerbaijanelebs 11 marts Sadrevnebis moedanze Sekrebisa da mravalaTasiani mitingis Catarebisken mouwodebdnen. am gverdis Semqmnis pirveli iniciatorebi sazRvargareT mcxovrebi azerbaijanelebi aRmoCndnen. erT Tveze naklebi drois ganmavlobaSi gverdi 35000 adamianma `daalaiqa~, xolo 3000-ze metma arasanqcirebul aqciaSi monawileoba daadastura. Tumca, realurad, 11 marts quCaSi daaxloebiT, 100-150 adamiani gamovida. Tumca, momitingeTa am raodenobamac ki azerbaijanis xelisufleba seriozulad SeaSfoTa. policia aqciis dauyovnebliv daSlas Seudga. daakaves 30-mde aqtvisti, saswrafod gadaketes mimdebare metros sadguris `28 maisi~. prevenciuli zomebi xelisuflebam manamdec miiRo. 11 martamde ramdenime dRiT adre baqoSi axalgazrda `feisbukeli~ aqtivistebis da aqciis organizatorebis dapatimreba daiwyo. mmarTveli partiis àxali azerbaijanis~ warmomadgenlebma televiziiT daSinebis da ciliswamebis kampania daiwyes da axalgazrduli moZraoba somxebTan kavSirSi daadanaSaules. umaRles saswavleblebSi gamocxadda, rom vinc 11 marts leqciebs ar daeswreboda, saswavleblidan gairicxeboda. Sedegad, 11 marts leqciebze mZimed avadmyofebic ki gamocxadnen. magaliTad, baqos saxelmwifo universitetSi studentebi dilidanve auditoriebSi Seyares da Senoba Caketes. 11 martis aqciis organizatorebis gancxadebiT, aqcia warmatebuli iyo, miuxedavad imisa, rom sul or saaTs gagrZelda. maTive TqmiT, am dRem aCvena, rom xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg xalxSi protestis grZnoba matulobs da es kargad esmis xelisuflebasac, romelsac xalxis risxvis eSinia. molodinebis miuxedavad, `feisbuk-revolucia~ azerbaijanSi ar Sedga da amas Tavisi obieqturi mizezebi aqvs. aqciis organizatorebma rigi arsebiTi momentebi ar gaiTvaliswines. upirveles yovlisa, paraskevs aqciis daniSvna aragonivruli iyo. arabuli da sxva muslimuri qveynebisgan gansxvavebiT, kviris es dRe azerbaijanSi samuSao dRea. azerbaijanSi, igive egviptisgan gansxvavebiT, paraskeobiT masobrivi namazi ar tardeba. egvipteSi swored paraskevs, masobrivi namazis Semdeg gamovida quCaSi yvelaze meti xalxi. da rac mTavaria, azerbaijanSi egviptisgan gansxvavebiT, internet-teqnologiebi gacilebiT naklebadaa ganviTarebuli da axali ambebis socialuri qseliT gacvlis tradicia ar arsebobs. azerbaijanis kavSirgabmulobisa da informaciuli teqnologiebis saministros monacemebiT, amJamad qveyanaSi yovel 100 kacze 8 kompiuteri da 37 internet-momxmarebeli modis.
22
mezoblebi
opoziciis saprotesto aqcia, baqo, 12 marti 2011
egviptis movlenebma azerbaijanis xelisufleba sagonebelSi Caagdo. am kampaniis kulminacia gaxda TaTbiri, sadac piradad qveynis prezidentma mTavrobas qaTmis kvercxebze fasebis Sesamcireblad saswrafo RonisZiebis gatareba mosTxova.
saprotesto aqciis monawilis dakaveba, baqo, 12 marti 2011
foto stringeri / REUTERS
`feisbuqis~ monacemebiT, azerbaijanis blogosfero mezobel saqarTvelos mniSvnelovnad CamorCeba. 2010 wels saqarTveloSi feisbuqze 385 462 momxmarebeli iyo daregistrirebuli, rac mosaxleobis TiTqmis 10 procentia. azerbaijanSi
ki momxmarebelTa raodenoba sul raRac 184 660 adamiania, rac mosaxleobis mxolod 2 procents Seadgens. aseTi statistikiT, `feisbuk-revolucias~ ver moawyob. azerbaijanis saprotesto aqcia arabul qveynebSi mimdinare aqcieb-
Tan miaxloebulic ki ar iyo. organizatorebi pirobas deben, rom Sesabamis daskvnebs gamoitanen. sxvaTaSoris, momdevno aqcia, saxelwodebiT `didi risxvis dRe~ 2 aprils aris daniSnuli. es ki ukve SabaTi dRea.
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foto stringeri / REUTERS
mezoblebi
wlis agvistoSi rusma politpatimarma mixail xodorkovskim gamoaqveyna politikuri manifestis Seferilobis mqone statia saxelwodebiT `Semobruneba marcxniv ( ). statiaSi xodorkovski msjelobs, rom ruseTSi avtoritarulma tendenciebma Zala moikribes ara putinis xelisuflebaSi mosvlisas, aramed ufro adre, 1996 wels. xodorkovskis azriT, am droidan `kremlma ukve icoda, rom elcinis reJimis gagrZeleba SeuZlebeli iqneboda, demokratiul procesze uaris Tqmis gareSe. amitom, SemuSavda politteqnologiuri scenari, romelsac ekisreboda qveyanasa da xelisuflebaSi stabilurobis ganmtkiceba da romelmac ganapiroba kidec vladimir putinis aRzeveba. Sesabamisad, qveyanaSi sadac `mosaxleobis 1%-ia mdidari, 9% met-naklebad SeZlebuli da danarCeni 90% Raribi da, rac mTavaria, damcirebuli, gardauvalia memarcxene Zalebis gamarjveba: ... yovelgvari eSmakobebis miuxedavad, memarcxeneebi gaimarjveben. Tanac, isini gaimarjveben demokratiulad amomrCevelTa umravlesobis nebis Tanaxmad. Sedgeba marcxniv Semobruneba da dRevandeli xelisuflebis memkvidreTa kohorta aRar iqneba legitimuri, - wers xodorkovski. memarcxene ZalebTan, kerZod kompartiasTan TanamSromlobis aucieleblobaze xodorkovski msjelobs, praqtikulad, yvela Tavis `programul statiaSi, aseve sajaro mimowerebSi cnobil rus literatorebTan (boris akunini, boris strugacki, ludmila ulickaia). akuninTan 2008 wlis Semodgomaze gamoqveynebul dialogSi xodorkovski miiCnevs, rom dRevandel rusul kompartias aRaraferi aqvs saerTo skkp-sTan da rom ìs (rfkp) arsebiTad normalur, social-demokratiul partiad iqca. Sesabamisad, am partiasTan TanamSromlobaze uari, misi TqmiT, politikuri Secdoma iqneboda. ruseTis politikur mowyobasTan dakavSirebiT imave akuninTan saubrisas xodorkovski ambobs, rom is momxrea
2005
Tvalsazrisi
enigmaturi patimari
Tuki qveynis Sida mowyobis sakiTxebSi xodorkovski mkveTrad emijneba amJamad arsebul vertikals, misi geopolitikuri mosazrebebi didad ar gansxvavdeba kremlis xedvisgan.
gogi TuSmaliSvili
`skandinaviuri modelis, anu Zlieri, socialuri saxelmwifosi, romelic garkveul paternalistur funqciebs iTvaliswinebs. misi `programa 2020is mixedviT, ruseTis politikur-ekonomikuri modernizacia SesaZlebelia mxolod `saprezidento-saparlamento respublikis modelze gadasvlisas, sadac prezidenti qveynis moraluri lideri, uzenaesi mTavarsardali da sagareo politikis formirebis centri iqneboda, xolo ekonomikisa da socialuri keTilmowyobis sakiTxebiT ministrTa kabineti dakavdeboda. rogor gavigoT 90-iani wlebis ruseTis erT-erTi wamyvani kapitalistis `marxcniv Semobruneba? dRevandeli rusuli opoziciis aSkara sisustidan gamomdinare, mixail xodorkovski rCeba erTaderT mZimewonian figurad, romelsac, movlenebis Sesabamisi ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi, SeuZlia mZlavrad SeanjRrios arsebuli politikuri vertikali. datusaRebisa da putinis mxridan sistematuri angariSsworebis pirobebSi, misi renome dasavleTSi, rogorc reformatoris da ideisTvis wamebulisa, sul ufro izrdeba. ruseTSi, xodorkovski SesaZloa, ganixilebodes bunebriv liderad im socialuri kategoriisTvis, romelic bolodroindeli ekonomikuri koniunqturis pirobebSi metnaklebad Camoyalibda rogorc saSualo fena. rac Seexeba memarcxene eleqtorats, xodorkovski mas gamudmebiT eloliaveba. 2009 wlis Semodgomaze frangul gamocema Politique Internationale isTvis micemul interviuSi yofilma oligarqma ganacxada, rom ruseTis kompartia da misi amomrCevlebi warmoadgenen sazogadoebis interesebis gamomxatvel nawils, romelTac ùfleba aqvT, xmamaRla Tqvan saTqmeli. ramdenad mkafioa xodorkovskis politikuri ambiciebi? 90-iani wlebis bolos da 2000-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, xodorkovski TiTqos Sors idga politikisgan da mxolod biznes-sferoTi iyo dakavebuli. magram swored am periodSi Camoayaliba man saqvelmoqmedo organizacia `Ria ruseTi, romlis programa WeSmarit inovaciur revolucias isaxavda miznad (skolebis kompiuterizacia mTel qveyanaSi, provinciebSi mdebare biblioTekebis informatizeba, iuridiul-sakonsultacio ofisebis Seqmna, da a.S.). 2003 wlis miwuruls xodorkovskis `Ria ruseTis saqmianobaze ukve 60 milioni dolari hqonda daxarjuli da gegmavda proeqtebis yovelwliuri dafinansebis 100 milion dolaramde gazrdas. amas garda, is Riad afinansebda grigori iavlinskis opoziciur partias ìabloko. bunebrivia, es saqmianoba upirispirdeboda putinis mier wamowyebul saxelisuflebo vertikalis agebas da xodorkovskim kremlisgan araerTxel miiRo pirdapiri Tu iribi gafrTxileba. magram is SeiZleba iTqvas, Segnebulad wavida xelisuflebasTan konfrontaciaze. amJamad, politpatimari xodorkovski, cxadia, sajarod uaryofs politikur ambiciebs. gasul wels Jurna-
24
mezoblebi
mrobidan gaTavisufleba, ra dauSlis mrwamsiT `liberals ekonomikur WrilSi da memarcxenes socialur sakiTxebSi, Seqmnas araerTgzis gacxadebuli `farTo social-demokratiuli fronti, miaRwios konstituciur cvlilebebs da moeqces mTavrobis saTaveSi? msgavsi perspeqtiva ar SeiZleba, srulebiT gamoiricxos. aq ki sainteresoa xodorkovskis geopolitikuri xedva da kerZod, Tu ras fiqrobs is saqarTvelosTan mimarTebaSi. natosa da evrokavSirTan dakavSirebiT xodorkovski acxadebs, rom momxrea partnioruli urTierTobebis, magram ara gawevrianebisa. `ruseTi kargad grZnobs Tavs iq, sadac aris. anu, heartland is istoriuli darajis rolSi (Politique internationale , 2005 wlis noemberi). agvistos omis Sesaxeb ki xodorkovskim ganacxada, rom amarTlebs rusuli jarebis Seyvanas samxreT oseTSi, vinaidan, misi azriT, `saakaSvilma gadaafasa Tavisi Sansebi (dasavleTisgan) sakuTari aRmaSfoTebeli saqcielis mxardaWerisa. es gancxadeba erTaderTia patimrobaSi yofnis mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi, sadac xodorkovski kremlis qmedebas solidarobas ucxadebs. miamitoba iqneboda warmogvedgina, rom mas amiT medvedev-putinisgan indulgenciis imedi hqonoda. mweral ludmila ulickaiasTan gamoqveynebul dialogSi is aRiarebs, rom moskovis qimiur-teqnologiur institutSi komkavSiruli saqmianobisas, `seriozulad udgeboda suk-Tan TanamSromlobas da momxre iyo komkavSiridan garicxulebis institutidanac garicxvisa: `saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Cven xom samSoblosTvis sicocxle unda migveca da, Sesabamisad, rogor movTxovdiT amas arakomkavSirels da arakomunists? ar vxumrob da ar vutrireb, marTlac ase vfiqrobdi. samxedro-patriotuli Tematika stabilurad popularulia ruseTis farTo masebSi. rogorc Cans, mixail xodorkovski stabilurad iTvaliswinebs momavali eleqtoratis ganwyobilebebs.
mixail xodorkovski sakuTar sasamarTlo procesze. 10 marti 2010
li Spiegel -Tvis micemul interviuSi pirdapir SekiTxvaze, fiqrobs Tu ara, odesme daikavos prezidentis savarZeli, xodorkovski ambobs, rom ruseTSi ebrauli warmoSobis kaci àr SeiZleba, ganixilebodes realur konkurentad. es anbanuri WeSmaritebaa da vinaidan ar var masxara, arc arasodes gamomiTqvams msgavsi survili. magram, Tuki ruseTis Sidapolitikurma koniunqturam samomavlod gamoiwvia mixail xodorkovskis pati-
mixail xodorkovski rCeba erTaderT mZimewonian figurad, romelsac, movlenebis Sesabamisi ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi, SeuZlia mZlavrad SeanjRrios arsebuli politikuri vertikali.
foto aleqsandr natruskini / REUTERS
25
konfliqtebi
afxazeTi
afxazuri Sidapolitika
baRafSis rusuli politikis kritikas afxazuri opoziciisTvis warmateba moaqvs.
nik kleitoni, soxumi
miuxedavad imisa, rom TebervalSi afxazeTSi gamarTul adgilobrivi TviTmarTvelobis arCevnebSi gamarjveba mmarTvelma partiam erTianma afxazeTma moipova, adgilobrivi eqspertebi afxazuri opoziciis gaZlierebaze saubroben. adgilobriv arCevnebs, romelic regionuli sabWoebisa da mTavar qalaqebSi meris Tanamdebobebis Semadgenlobas gansazRvravs, realurad araferi Seucvlia. TiTqmis yvelgan Tanamdebobebze Zveli kadrebi darCa, garda gudauTisa, sadac opoziciam saxelisuflebo kandidatis moqmedi meris damarcxeba SeZlo. afxazi mimomxilveli axra smiri ambobs, rom es faqti simptomuria opoziciam swored im raionSi SeZlo sakuTari mxardamWerebis mobilizeba da mosaxleobaSi xelisuflebis mimarT ukmayofilebis gaRviveba, sadac ruseTi uaxloes xanebSi Tavisi jaris ganlagebas gegmavs. afxazur opozicias dRes arc erTiani samoqmedo programa aqvs da verc respublikis momavlis mkafio xedvaze Camoyalibebula. Tumca, erT sakiTxSi yvela Tanxmdeba - xelisuflebis politika ruseTis mimarT vnebs afxazeTis nacionalur interesebs da am arCevnebSi opozicias swored im raionSi gaumarTla, sadac mosaxleoba am politikis Sedegs yvelaze metad grZnobs. jer kidev 2009 wels, afxazeTis erovnuli erTianobis forumma da opoziciurma partia èra-m erToblivi gancxadeba gaakeTes, romelSic ruseTisaTvis metismeti Zalauflebis gadacemis gamo afxazeTis mTavroba mkacrad gaakritikes. opozicia ukmayofilo iyo imis gamo, rom xelisuflebam ruseTs afxazeTis rkinigzis, aeroportis, sazRvrebis marTvis da mTavrobis biujetis ori mesamedis uzrunvelyofis ufleba misca. miuxedavad am mkacri gancxadebisa, afxazeTis opoziciis es ori yvelaze Zlieri partia uaryofs, rom antirusulia. `pirvel rigSi, afxazeTma dRes ve arCevani aqvT, miiCnevs smiri. ianvarSi opoziciuri `saxalxo partiis lideris iakob lakobas dakavebac rusul fulTan dakavSirebuli skandalis gamo moxda. lakoba ciliswamebis braldebiT daakaves. man sakuTari partiis veb-gverdze gamoaqveyna statia, romelSic ruseTis kontrolis palatis xelmZRvanels sergei stepaSins korufciasa da afxazeTis daxmarebidan Tanxebis gaqrobis faqtis ugulebelyofaSi dasdo brali. lakobas dakavebisTanave afxazeTis opoziciis liderebma mTavrobis moqmedebebi dagmes da misi gaTavisufleba moiTxoves. xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda opozicioneri gaeTavisuflebina. afxazi Jurnalistebis TqmiT, lakobas SemTxveva susti afxazuri opozicisTvis didi gamarjveba iyo. am SemTxvevam aCvena, rom opoziciisa da sazogadoebis erTiani wnexis gamo xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda sakuTari pozicia Seecvala. afxazuri opozicia, romelsac Sorsmimavali politikuri gegmebi aqvs, savaraudod, momavalSic Seecdeba baRafSis rusuli politikis kritikiT xalxis gulebis monadirebas. SesaZloa, momaval politikur brZolebSi es opoziciis gamaerTianebel faqtorad iqces.
afxazur opozicias dRes arc erTiani samoqmedo programa aqvs da verc respublikis momavlis mkafio xedvaze Camoyalibebula.
sruli damoukideblobis uzrunvelsayofad saTanado pirobebi unda Seqmnas. afxazeTi unda iyos damoukidebeli ruseTisgan, dasavleTisgan da sxva nebismierisgan, ganacxada `liberalTan saubarSi afxazeTis yofilma de faqto premier-ministrma da èrTiani erovnuli forumis liderma raul xajimbam. axra smiri ambobs, rom baRafSis rusuli politikis mimarT afxazeTis mosaxleobis sul ufro mzard ukmayofilebas dRes afxazuri opozicia moxerxebulad iyenebs, realurad ki, opoziciamac icis, rom dRevandeli mTavrobis politika TiTqmis ualternativoa. `yvelam icis, fuli saidan modis. da rac ufro meti wamova, miT ukeTesi. opozicias SeuZlia, ramdenic unda, imdeni ilaparakos, magram maT kargad ician, rom mxolod igi-
statia momzadebulia hainrih biolis fondis mxardaWeriT. am publikaciaSi gamoTqmuli Sexedulebebi da mosazrebebi ar aris aucilebeli, gamoxatavdes hainrih biolis fondis Sexedulebebs.
26
politika
investiciebi
eziare donalds
uZravi qonebis amerikeli developeri donald trampi saqarTveloSi feSenebeluri Senobebis proeqtiT Semodis. TbilisSi imedovneben, rom trampis saxeli qveyanaSi investiciebis mozidvas Seuwyobs xels, analitikosebi ki SiSoben, rom `donaldis efeqti~ didxans ar gagrZeldeba.
moli korso
saqarTveloSi trampis Semosvlis Sesaxeb pirvelad seqtemberSi gaxda cnobili. pirveli caTambjeni Savi zRvis sanapiroze, qalaq baTumSi unda aSendes. mas meore mSenebloba mohyveba TbilisSi. am garigebas mTavroba afasebs, rogorc ucxouri investiciebis mozidvis morig miRwevas. Zvirfaso donald,~ - siamayiT mimarTa tramps saqarTvelos prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma 10 marts niu-iorkSi `tramp tauerSi~ gamarTul preskonferenciaze da am moments qveynis warmatebis sawindari uwoda. iqve gaxda cnobili axali investiciis Sesaxeb. saqarTveloSi ucxouri investiciebi 2010 wlis pirvel sam kvartalSi, gasul welTan SedarebiT,
6.6 procentiT Semcirda da 433 milioni amerikuli dolari Seadgina. TbilisSi imedi aqvT, rom trampis samSeneblo biznesmenis varskvlavuri reputacia, saqarTveloSi arsebul situacias gamoasworebs. pasuxi kiTxvaze - Cadebs Tu ara trampi fuls proeqtSi, romelic qarTulma developerulma kompaniam silq roud jgufma~ unda ganaxorcielos, bundovania. Trump Organization-is aRmasrulebeli vice-prezidenti da trampis mrCeveli maikl koeni èvrazianetTan~ saubarSi acxadebs, rom amJamad salicenzio molaparakeba mimdinareobs, finansur detalebze ki koeni ar saubrobs. silq roud jgufis~ aRmasruleblebi SeTanxmebaze ar saubroben.
saqarTveloSi ucxouri investiciebi 2010 wlis pirvel sam kvartalSi, gasul welTan SedarebiT, 6.6 procentiT Semcirda da 433 milioni amerikuli dolari Seadgina.
amerikuli media abobs, rom baTumisa da Tbilisis proeqtebis Rirebuleba 250 milionidan 300 milion dolaramdea, Tumca arc maikl koeni da arc silq roud jgufi~ amas ar adastureben. ianvarSi, trampma msgavs samSeneblo proeqts xeli moawera mumbaiSi
27
politika
donald trampis imperia
donald trampi meuRlesTan erTad.
misi saxelis xsenebisas, pirvel rigSi, feSenebeluri caTambjenebi, uZravi qonebis proeqtebi, golfis moednebi, kazinoebi, biznes-molaparakebebi da didi qoneba axsendebaT. msoflioSi cnobilma amerikelma biznesmenma simdidris dagrovebis specialuri kursebic Seqmna. SabaTobiT, niu iorkis sastumro `haiatSi~axalgazrdebi mis seminarebze dasaswrebad dilidan dgebian rigSi, im imediT, rom trampisgan iswavlian biznesis keTebis saidumlos. axalgazrdebi 2 000 dolars ixdian orsaaTian leqciaSi - romelzec, mouclelobis gamo, trampi SeiZleba, arc gamocxaddes da studentebs 15 wuTiani video-CarTviT mimarTos. 55 wlis amerikeli magnati, miliarderi donald trampi samSeneblo biznesSi pensilvaniis universitetis damTavrebis Semdeg moxvda. universitetidan dabrunebuli is saojaxo bizness SeuerTda da mamis kompaniis - Elizabeth Trump & Son marTvaSi CaerTo, 1971 wels ki Trump Organization Seqmna.
karieris dasawyisSi man sastumroebis mSenebloba da kazinoebis SeZena daiwyo, Tumca wamowyeba warumatebeli aRmoCnda. pirvel xanebSi saqmianobam mas mxolod valebi, finansuri problemebi da skandalebi moutana. mdgomareoba 90-ian wlebSi gamosworda da trampma intensiuri mSeneblobebi daiwyo. 2007 wlis oqtomberSi Jurnalma forbsma~ trampis qoneba sam miliard dolarad Seafasa. misi qonebis CamonaTvalSi 30-mde caTambjeni Sedis msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxeSi, maT Soris 290 milion dolarad Sefasebuli Trump World Tower `gaeros~ saTao ofisis win niu iorkSi, 288 milion dolarad Sefasebuli Trump Tower-is sacxovrebeli kompleqsi 725-e gamzirze, 1,2 miliard dolarad Sefasebuli Trump International Hotel and Tower CikagoSi. forbsis~ Tanaxmad, developerebi tramps misi saxelis gamoyenebisTvis uxdian Tanxas, amitomac yvela Senoba, romelzec didi asoebiT trampi weria, donald tramps ar ekuTvnis. brendis licenzirebis biznesiT, romelsac trampis Svilebi ganageben, trampis imperiam 560 milioni dolari miiRo. trampi aseve cnobilia, rogorc skandaluri telesaxe. ramdenime dRis win interviuSi Tqva, rom mas moswonda sadam huseinis antiteroristuli politika: mogwons Tu ara huseini, es sxva sakiTxia da me is arasdros momwonda, is cudi kaci iyo, magram me momwonda misi antiteroristuli politika. amerikisgan gansxvavebiT, is ki ar apatimrebda da asamarTlebda teroristebs, aramed pirdapir klavda maT.~ am gancxadebas win uZRoda kidev erTi satelevizio gamosvla, TebervalSi trampma Tqva, rom SesaZloa, man 2012 wlis saprezidento arCevnebSi kenWi iyaros.
28
politika
potenciuri investorebi SeiZleba am proeqtma SeanjRrios~, magram es kaSkaSa saxeli kompaniebs ise ar daabrmavebs, rom maT afxazeTis da samxreTi oseTis usafrTxoebis riskebi ar gaiTvaliswinon
mdebare indur samSeneblo kompania Rohan Lifescapes-Tan. garigebis Tanaxmad, trampi mxolod Tavis saxels da proeqtis e.w. nou haus~ yidis, maSin, roca proeqtis dafinanseba mTlianad developer kompanias evaleba, uTxra kompaniis direqtorma kalpeS metam èvrazianets~. analitikosebi amboben, rom mxolod saxels, Tundac iseT cnobils, rogoric trampia - didi araferi SeuZlia ucxouri investiciebis mozidvis TvalsazrisiT. potenciuri investorebi SeiZleba am proeqtma SeanjRrios~, magram es kaSkaSa saxeli kompaniebs ise ar daabrmavebs, rom maT afxazeTis da samxreTi oseTis usafrTxoebis riskebi ar gaiTvaliswinon, ambobs alis mameri, The Economist Intelligence Unit-is ekonomikuri analitikosi. donald trampis msgavsi maRali rangis ucxoeli investoris gadawyvetileba, Sevides qarTul bazarze, namdvilad daafiqrebs ucxoel investorebs saqarTveloSi investirebis potenciur sferoebze~, uTxra èvrazianets~ mamerma imeil-interviuSi. Tumca, ar mgonia, am garigebam investorebis ndobaze iseTi gavlena moaxdinos, rogorsac batoni saakaSvili da qarTuli mTavroba elis~. 10 marts, roca am garigebis Sesaxeb gamocxadda, ganwyobebi namdvilad amaRlebuli iyo. baneris fonze warweriT - trampis investiciebi saqarTveloSi~, trampi xumrobda da prezident saakaSvilis mimarT komplimentebs ar iSurebda, biznesmenma 43 wlis prezidenti waradgina, rogorc msoflios erT-erTi udidesi lideri~. patara qveyana ekonomikurad Zalian Zlieria - es aCvenebs, Tu ris gakeTeba SeuZlia karg mmarTvelobas~, - aRniSna trampma. am komplimentis sapasuxod, saakaSvilma tramps saqarTvelos prezidentis arCevnebSi monawileoba SesTavaza da mogebac uwinaswarmetyvela. saakaSvilis vada 2013 wels iwureba. kvleviTi organizacia IPM-is uZravi qonebis analitikosi kote gabriCiZe ambobs, rom trampis garigeba kidev erTi salicenzio garigebaa; Seratonis, redisonis da mariotis sastumros korporaciebic aseve muSaoben saqarTveloSi, aRniSna man. gabriCiZis TqmiT, trampis saxeli baTumsa da TbilisSi investorebis Semosevas ar gamoiwvevs, Tumca, iqve aRiSnavs, rom mis saxels SeuZlia potenciuri investorebi pozitiurad ganawyos. trampis es garigeba MTV-is mier dafinansebul, baTumSi gasamarT, musikis festivals emTxveva. festivalma, SesaZloa, msoflios yuradReba miipyros, rasac mxolod trampis saxeli ar hyofnida. piaris SesaZleblobis danaxvisTanave, Trump Organization-is warmomadgenelma maikl koenma MTV-is festivalisTvis baTumis SerCeva miuloca da daamata, rom trampma pirvelad dainaxa baTumis gansakuTrebuloba~. koenmac trampis msgavi optimizmi gamoavlina baTumTan dakavSirebiT da aRniSna, rom ucxouri investiciis mozidvis TvalsazrisiT, baTumis samSeneblo potenciali didia. faqtia, rom sadac ki trampi midis - saqarTvelo iqneba es Tu nebismieri sxva qveyana - mas bevri kompania mihyveba ukan~, - Tqva man.
trampis taueri CikagoSi.
29
politika
molaparakeba bundovani SedegiT

isev gadis Tu ara saqarTveloze ruseTis gza msoflio vaWrobis organizaciamde?
olesia varTaniani, `radio Tavisufleba~ specialurad `liberalisTvis~
agvistos omis Semdeg pirvelad, saqarTvelosa da ruseTis warmomadgenlebi Suamavlebis gareSe saubrobdnen. isini pirispir ixilavdnen or qveyanas Soris arsebul erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan sakiTxs - ras iTxovs saqarTvelo ruseTis msoflio vaWrobis organizaciaSi gawevrianebis mxardaWeris sanacvlod? miuxedavad imisa, rom am dialogSi monawile arc erTma mxarem komentari ar gaakeTa, Zneli misaxvedri ar aris, rom saubari sakmaod mZime iyo. Sexvedris erT-erTma monawilem - sergi kapanaZem aRniSna, rom rusul mxaresTan saqarTvelos warmomadgenlebi inglisurad saubrobdnen. Sexvedris teqnikuri detalebi Sveicariulma mxarem moagvara, romelic 2008 wels Tbilissa da moskovs Soris diplomatiuri kavSiris gawyvetis Semdeg am qveynebs Soris erTaderTi oficialuri Suamavalia. Semdegi Sexvedra, savaraudod, or TveSi gaimarTeba. Tumca, ukve dRes aravis epareba eWvi, rom ru-
seTi ar apirebs daTmobebze wasvlas da qarTuli mxaris mTavari moTxovnis dakmayofilebas. Tbilisi ukve ramdenime welia ori sakontrolo-gamSvebi punqtis `gamWvirvaled funqcionirebas iTxovs - afxazeTSi mdinare fsousTan da samxreT oseTSi rokis gvirabTan. ruseTis mxridan afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis damoukideblobis aRiarebis Semdeg, cxadi gaxda, rom am moTxovnis Sesruleba uaxloesi momavlis perspeqtiva ar aris. gasuli wlis oqtomberSi qarTvelma Cinovnikebma sajarod daiwyes saubari imaze, rom ruseTis sasargeblod kompromisis sanacvlod Tanaxma arian, am gamSveb punqtebze monitoringi evropelma damkvirveblebma ganaxorcielon. meore alternativis saxiT Tbilisma moskovs iseTi meqanizmis SemuSaveba SesTavaza, romlis drosac qarTveli da rusi mesazRvreebi erToblivad gaakontroleben sazRvars or saxelmwifos Soris. gasul kviras moskovSi yvela es winadadeba fantastikis sferos miakuTvnes.
jo baideni ruseTis premi
30
politika
ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa ministrma sergei lavrovma erT-erT rusul telekompaniasTan interviuSi ganacxada, rom moskovma evropisgan da aSS-sgan ukve miiRo msoflio vaWrobis organizaciaSi gawevrianebaze Tanxmoba da TbilisisTvis koWis gorebas ar apirebs. msoflio vaWrobis organizaciaSi gasawevrianeblad ruseTs organizaciis mTavari dokumentis - marakeSis SeTanxmebis me-12 muxlis gamoyeneba SeuZlia, romlis Tanaxmadac axali wevris miRebisTvis xmebis 2/3 sakmarisia. msoflio vaWrobis organizaciaSi 153 qveyanaa. gamodis, rom ruseTi organizaciis wevri im SemTxvevaSic gaxdeba, Tu mis winaaRmdeg xmas 50 qveyana miscems. organizaciis arsebobis 16 wlis manZilze yvela axali wevri sruli konsensusis safuZvelze miiReboda. konsensusi am organizaciis fundamenturi principia. msoflio vaWrobis organizaciis zogierTi warmomadgeneli ambobs, rom swored konsensusis miRwevis aucilebloba xSirad aferxebs am organizaciaSi mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebis miRebis process. rusi Cinovnikebi mudmivad acxadebdnen, rom organizaciaSi gawevrianeba yvela wevris Taxmobis safuZvelze surdaT. `winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, es ruseTis imijs seriozul safrTxes miayenebs, - ganucxada sami wlis win Jurnalistebs maqsim medvedkovma, romelic msoflio vaWrobis organizaciaSi gawevrianebis sakiTxSi ruseTis mTavari momlaparakebelia. TbilisSi acnobiereben, rom im SemTxvevaSi Tu ruseTi vaWrobis organizaciaSi konsensusis miRwevis gareSe gawevriandeba, es iqneba pirveli saerTaSoriso arena, sadac ruseTis dasavleTTan daaxloeba saqarTvelos interesebis gverdis avliT moxdeba. qarTveli Cinovnikebi am sakiTxze spekulirebas eridebian, Tumca kerZo saubrebSi aRiareben, rom gasul kviras daZabulobam kritikul zRvars miaRwia. amaze metyvelebs saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa ministris grigol vaSaZis pasuxi Tavisi rusi kolegis gancxadebaze. vaSaZem lavrovi Riad daadanaSaula arafrofesionalizmSi da aRniSna, rom msoflio vaWrobis organizaciasTan mimarTebaSi lavrovis mier gakeTebuli gancxadeba Tbilisis mimarT pirdapiri muqara iyo. gasuli kviris bolos moskovi daZabulobis ganeitralebas Seecada. ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgilem grigori karasinma ganacxada, rom `ruseTi ara mxolod mzad aris, aramed agrZelebs kidec molaparakebebs. mTeli es procesi jansaR samuSao pirobebSi mimdinareobs. amasTan, karasins moskovis pirobebis Sexsenebac ar daaviwyda: `sakiTxs profesionalurad unda mivudgeT. Tavidan unda aviciloT sakiTxis politizireba. molaparakebebis Tema mxolod ekonomikas unda exebodes.
organizaciis arsebobis 16 wlis manZilze yvela axali wevri sruli konsensusis safuZvelze miiReboda. konsensusi am organizaciis fundamenturi principia.
ier ministris pirvel moadgile igor Suvalovs WTO-s sakiTxis gansaxilvelad Sexvda. moskovi, 9 marti 2011
foto aleqsandr natruskini / REUTERS
31
mTavari Tema
Tavisufali ekonomikuri zona
ekonomikuri saswauli, romelic ar moxda

nacvlad imisa, rom gaxdes dubai, foTi sul ufro metad iZireba umuSevrobisa da mougvarebeli yofiTi problemebis WaobSi.
manana vardiaSvili
32
mTavari Tema
foTis Tavisufali industriuli zona. marti 2011
foTis Tavisufal industriul zonas (Tiz) prezidentma saakaSvilma misi `cxovrebis mTavari proeqti~ da `saqarTvelos axali oqros xanisa da axali qarTuli ekonomikuri saswaulis dasawyisi~ uwoda. 2008 wlis 15 aprils, roca Tavisufali industriuli zonis gaxsnis oficialuri ceremonia gaimarTa, prezidentma ganacxada, rom momdevno 50 Tvis ganmavlobaSi Tiz-Si, sul mcire, 200 mln dolaris investicia ganxorcieldeboda, 400-ze meti sawarmo Seiqmneboda da aTiaTasobiT adamiani dasaqmdeboda. foTi ki assarTuliani caTambjenebis qalaqad iqceoda, axali infrastruqturiT, Tanamedrove aeroportiTa da portiT. am dapirebis Semdeg TiTqmis 36 Tve gavida. dRes foTSi ekonomikur saswaulze araferi mianiSnebs. mosaxleobis didi nawili umuSevaria da am etapze mxolod elementaluri sacxovrebeli pirobebis gaumjobesebas iTxovs. foTelebi amboben, rom eleqtroenergiis gaTiSva aq Cveulebrivi ambavia, wyali or dReSi erTxel 2 saaTiT miewodebaT da gazi dRemde ar gauyvaniaT qalaqSi. `Cveni cxovreba mxolod uaresdeba. caTambjenebs vin Civis. magaliTad, guSin mTeli dRe Suqi ar iyo. sami wlis win didi imedebi gvqonda, magram araferi gamarTlda. axla aq yvelani uimedod varT~, - ambobs 30
33
mTavari Tema
wlis foTeli nino lemonjava. foTis portidan ramdenime kilometrSi, uzarmazari, gayviTlebuli balaxiT dafaruli teritoria mavTulis RobiTaa SemosazRvruli. es samxreT kavkasiaSi pirveli Tavisufali industriuli zonaa. Tiz-Tan misasvleli gza moasfaltebuli ar aris. manqana frTxilad miuyveba talaxian monakveTs da TeTr da lurj ferebad SeRebil kapitalur SesasvlelTan Cerdeba. dacva zonis teritoriaze Sesvlis uflebas ar gvaZlevs da mxolod gare perimetridan fotoebis gadaRebas gvTanxmdeba. Tumca, Sida teritoriaze gadasaRebi arc araferia: Tavisufali industriuli zona dRes 300ha farTobis triali mindoria, sadac ramdenime administraciuli Senoba dgas. arc imis niSania sadme, rom teritoriaze, romelmac saqarTvelo dubaid da singapurad unda aqcios, uaxloes momavalSi didi samSeneblo samuSaoebis gaCaReba igegmeba. foTis Tavisufali industriuli zonis teritoriaze importi da eqsporti mogebis da damatebiTi Rirebulebis gadasaxadisgan Tavisufalia. moqmedebs yvelaze dabali saijaro gadasaxadi mTeli SavizRvispireTis teritoriaze. (6-dan 12 dolaramde kvadratuli metri). nedleulis Setana Tavisufalia msoflios nebismieri adgilidan, arsebobs eleqtroenergiisa da wylis erTi wyarodan miwodebis SesaZlebloba; el.energiis momarageba xdeba dabali tarifiT (sakuTari hidro-eleqtro SesaZleblobebidan gamomdinare). pirveli investorebi isargebleben sxvadasxva damatebiTi da grZelvadiani SeRavaTebiT. miwis qiris fasi 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi fiqsirebuli iqneba. sxvadasxva tipis licenziis wliuri fasi 2500 aSS dolaridan iwyeba, rac yvelaze dabalia mTels evropaSi. saqarTvelos xelisuflebaSi acxadebdnen, rom Tiz-Si moqmedi liberaluri wesebi msxvili investiciebis mozidvas Seuwyobda xels. Sedegad, iq sxvadasxva, maT Soris eqsportze orientirebuli sawarmoebi Seiqmneboda da dadebiTi eqsperimenti saqarTvelos mTels teritoriaze gavrceldeboda. am iniciatividan sam welze meti gavida, Tumca kompaniebi foTis èkonomikur saswaulSi fulis Cadebas da Tiz-is SeRavaTebiT sargeblobas ar Cqaroben. foTis Tiz-s dRes msxvili arabuli kompaniis RAKIA -s Svilobili kompania `rakia saqarTvelo foTis Tavisufali industriuli zona~ marTavs. xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad, Tavisufal industriul zonas operireba 2009 wlis 15 dekembers unda daewyo. Tumca, am droidan moyolebuli, Tiz-is oficialuri gaxsnis TariRi 4-jer gadaido. mizezad `saorganizacio da teqnikuri sakiTxebis mougvarebloba~ dasaxelda.
RAKIA - foTis portis erTaderTi mflobeli

bs. korporacia foTis sazRvao navsadgurSi acxadeben, rom RAKIA-m arsebuli infrastruqturis reabilitacias 60 mln aSS dolari moaxmara. 25 mln dolari moxmarda axali terminalis mSeneblobas, 15 mln dolari ki me-14 navmisadgomis sakonteinero terminalis sarekonstruqcio-saremonto samuSaoebs. 2 axali mcuravi saSualeba `lana da `patrioti investors 16 mln dolari daujda. korporaciaSi acxadeben, rom ganaxlebuli terminali foTis sazRvao navsadguris sakonteinero gadazidvebis moculobas gaaormagebs da damatebiT muSaxels daasaqmebs. miuxedavad amisa, bolo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi portSi tvirTbrunvam iklo. wliuri tvirTbrunvis maqsimumi 8 mln tonaa, rac prezident saakaSvilis mier dapirebul 21 mln-ian maCvenebels bevrad CamorCeba. mizezad globaluri finansuri krizisi da Semcirebuli savaWro brunva saxeldeba. Tumca, tvirTbrunvis Semcirebis mizezi isicaa, rom `kaspiis sanaosnosa da azerbaijanis rkinigzis gazrdili tarifebis gamo Sua aziisken mimavali tvirTebis transportireba mniSvnelovnad gaZvirda, ris gamoc gadamzidavma kompaniebma tvirTebi alternatiul marSrutebze gadaamisamarTes. umTavres problemad dRemde is rCeba, rom foTis ports didi gemebis miReba ar SeuZlia, amisTvis mas siRrme ar hyofnis. axali portis mosawyobad investors portis eqstensiuri ganviTarebis zonaSi arsebuli 100 ha miwis farTobi gadaeca. axali portis mSeneblobas 150 mln aSS dolari sWirdeba. investoris mier aRebuli valdebulebis Tanaxmad, foTis ports pirveli didi gemi 2014 wels unda mieRo. Tumca, foTis sazRvao navsadgurSi acxadeben, rom porti pirveli didi gemis misaRebad am droisTvis mzad ar iqneba.
Ras Al Khaimah Investment Authority-s oficialur veb-gverdze miTiTebulia, rom RAKIA-s saqmianobis
mTavari mimarTuleba Tavisufali zonebis da portebis menejmentia. arabeTis gaerTianebul saemiroebSi rakias sakuTari Tavisufali zona aqvs. zonaSi, romelic 2005 wels Seiqmna, 2000 kompaniaa daregistrirebuli. zonis savaWro brunvam 2 wlis ganmavlobSi 8 mlrd-s gadaaWarba. 2008 wlidan RAKIA foTis sazRvao navsadgurSi sxvadasxva masStabisa da moculobis investiciebs axorciele-
mTavari Tema
foTis porti. marti 2011
araoficialuri informaciiT ki, Tiz-is gaxsnis TariRis ramdenjerme gadadebis mizezi swored zonaSi daregistrirebis msurveli kompaniebis simcire iyo. erT-erTi yvelaze mTavari mizezi, ris gamoc potenciuri investorebi foTs gaurbian, misi mTavari upiratesoba - strategiuli mdebareobaa. 2008 wlis agvistoSi, ruseT-saqarTvelos omis dros rusuli aviaciis pirveli samizne swored strategiulad mniSvnelovani foTi iyo. cxadia, rom samxedro konfliqtis ganaxlebis SemTxvevaSi, pirvel dartymas isev es SavizRvispira qalaqi, porti da misi mimdebare teritoria miiRebs. investori ki, rogorc wesi, misi investiciisTvis usafrTxo adgils eZebs. meore da aranakleb mniSvnelovani mizezi, infrastruqturis mowyobis siZvirea - foTis daWaobebuli
niadagi mSeneblobis xarjs sakmaod aZvirebs. ucxoeli investorebi, rogorc wesi, Tavisufali zoniT mxolod im SemTxvevaSi interesdebian, Tu iq ukve aris saTanado infrastruqtura, anda misi Seqmnis xarjebi adgilobrivi biujetidan finansdeba. mowyobil infrastruqturas ki am etapze investorebs, verc Tiz-is operatori RAKIA Tavazobs da verc saxelmwifo. Tavisufalma industriulma zonam oficialurad operireba 2010 wlis 16 noembridan daiwyo. `rakia saqarTvelo - foTis Tavisufali industriuli zonis~ administraciaSi acxadeben, rom am droisTvis Tiz-Si 48 mln aSS dolaris jamuri investiciiT 40-mde kompaniaa daregistrirebuli. maT Sorisaa arai Tumorou, samxreT-koreuli el ji, qarTuli `Tbilcementi~, aseve somxuri, azerbaijanuli, iranuli,
Tavisufali industriuli zona dRes 300ha farTobis triali mindoria, sadac ramdenime administraciuli Senoba dgas. arc imis niSania sadme, rom teritoriaze, romelmac saqarTvelo dubaid da singapurad unda aqcios, uaxloes momavalSi didi samSeneblo samuSaoebis gaCaReba igegmeba.
35
mTavari Tema
Turquli da induri kompaniebi. Tavad `rakia saqarTvelo - foTis Tavisufal industriul zonas~ 2007 wlidan dRemde Tiz-is proeqtSi 30 mln aSS dolaris investicia aqvs Cadebuli. zonis teritoriaze 200 adamiania dasaqmebuli. Tumca, es investiciebi bevrad mcirea RAKIA -s Tavdapirvel gegmebTan SedarebiT. es kompania foTis Tiz-Si 200 mln aSS dolaris investiciis ganxorcielebas apirebda. investoris prognoziT, Tiz-i 1 mlrd aSS dolaris investicias moizidavda da uaxloes momavalSi 16 000 adamians daasaqmebda. miuxedavad imisa, rom `rakia saqarTvelo - foTis Tavisufali industriuli zona~ -Si acxadeben, maTi biznesi foTSi kargad midis da wlis bolomde zonaSi daregistrirebuli kompaniebis ricxvis gaormagebas elian, ramdenime Tvea vrceldeba informacia, rom realurad RAKIA- m foTis Tiz-isa da portis mimarT interesi dakarga da foTis portis aqciebs yidis. RAKIA- s sainvesticio fondis aRmasrulebelma direqtorma xater masaadma dubaiSi gamomaval inglisurenovan gazeT Gulf News-Tan saubarSi ganacxada, rom am etapze fondis mTavari mizani foTis portis gayidvaa da 2011 wels RAKIA safondo birJaze portis aqciebis gamotanas apirebs: `foTis porti ar aris CvenTvis strategiuli aqtivi, Tu Cven SegviZlia fuli viSovoT raRacis gayidviT, ratom ar unda gavakeToT es?~ - aRniSnulia interviuSi. RAKIA-s aRmasrulebelma direqtorma da foTis sazRvao navsadguris sameTvalyureo sabWos Tavmjdomarem es gancxadeba 2010 wlis 20 ivliss gaakeTa. oriode TviT adre ki, 2010 wlis 26 maiss, saqarTvelos prezidentma damoukideblobis dRisadmi miZRvnil samxedro aRlumze doqtori xater masaadi saqarTveloSi mniSvnelovani investiciis sworad organizebisa da warmatebuli biznes saqmianobisTvis brwyinvalebis saprezidento ordeniT daajildova. ras al xaimas saemiros sainvesticio fondi Ras Al Khaimah Investment Authority (RAKIA) saqarTveloSi 2007
Tavisufali ekonomikuri zonebi

Tez-is ZiriTadi mizani sainvesticio klimatis liberalizacia, ucxouri kapitalis mozidva da erovnuli ekonomikis aRorZinebaa. Tez-Si sabazro ekonomikis kanonebi moqmedebs da ekonomikis saxelmwifoebrivi regulireba mniSvnelovnad SezRudulia. zonas xelmZRvanelobs administracia, romelic damoukideblad wyvets yvela sakiTxs, garda politikurisa. ucxouri kapitalis mozidvis mizniT Tez-Si SeRavaTiani sabaJo, sagadasaxado da sakredito-savaluto reJimi moqmedebs. nebadarTulia im saxis sabanko da sadazRvevo operaciebic ki, romlebic qveynis danarCen teritoriaze akrZalulia.
~dubais saswauli~
mdebareobs. zonaSi saqmiani aqtivobis mTeli speqtria warmodgenili, warmoebisa da momsaxurebis CaTvliT. `jebel aliSi~ 58 qveynis 700-mde kompania moqmedebs 1,1 mlrd dolaris investiciebis saerTo moculobiT. rogorc amboben, am zonam dubais ekonomikis ganviTarebas seriozuli biZgi misca da xeli Seuwyo mis mniSvnelovan savaWro, safinanso, satransporto da turistul centrad Camoyalibebas. `jebel ali~ aramarto dubais, aramed sxva qveynebis analogiur Tavisufal zonebsac marTavs da sxvadasxva qveynis mTavrobebs konsultaciebs uwevs. `jebel ali~ muSaobs jibutiSi, CineTSi, malaiziaSi, marokoSi, indoeTSi, rumineTSi, vietnamSi, TurqeTSi, did britaneTsa da mraval sxva qveyanaSi.
Tavisufali industriul-ekonomikuri zonebis funqcionirebis erT-erT yvelaze warmatebul magaliTad dubais Tiz-i - `jebel ali~, e.w. `dubais saswauli~ iTvleba. `jebel alis~ zona, romelic 25 wlis win daarsda, msoflios umsxviles xelovnur navsadgurSi, sparseTis yuris regionSi
36
mTavari Tema
procents saerTaSoriso kompania APM Terminals yidulobs. APM Terminals-sTan SeTanxmeba ukve miRweulia, Tumca xelSekruleba gaformebuli jer aris da arc garigebis savaraudo moculoba saxeldeba. APM Terminals-sTvis foTi mis mmarTvelobaSi arsebuli 54-e porti iqneba. foTSi Tavisufali industriuli zonis mowyobis mizanSewonilobis Sesaxeb diskusia, romelic ramdenime wlis win mimdinareobda, kvlav aqtualuri xdeba. eqspertTa nawili am ideas imTaviTve skeptikurad uyurebda. maTi azriT, saqarTvelosnairi patara qveynis teritoriaze Tavisufali ekonomikuri zonis Seqmnas sjobda garkveuli SeRavaTebi mTeli qveynis masStabiT dawesebuliyo. msoflioSi 3000-ze meti sxvadasxva tipis Tavisufali ekonomikuri zona arsebobs. Tumca, am zonebs Soris realurad mxolod 20 procentia warmatebuli. sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi ucxouri kapitalis mozidvis erTaderTi garanti ar aris. nebismieri Tez-is Seqmnas win seriozuli ekonomikuri analizi da intensiuri mosamzadebeli periodi uZRvis. gasaTvaliswinebelia rogorc im qveynis potenciali, sadac Tez-i unda ganTavsdes, ise mezobeli qveynebis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba. garda amisa, Tez-is mowyoba infrastruqturaSi seriozul investiciebs, samuSao Zalis kvalifikaciasa da administraciuli procesebis simartivesac moiTxovs. da rac mTavaria - msoflio gamocdilebam ukve daamtkica, rom investiciis mozidvis mTavari stimuli politikuri stabiluroba da sainvesticio garantiis arsebobaa. Tu foTis Tavisufali industriuli zona yvela am pirobas ar daakmayofilebs, èkonomikuri saswaulis moxdenas dasavleT saqarTvelos am qalaqSi ukve aRaravin elis.
sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi ucxouri kapitalis mozidvis erTaderTi garanti ar aris. Tez-is Seqmnas win seriozuli ekonomikuri analizi da intensiuri mosamzadebeli periodi uZRvis. gasaTvaliswinebelia rogorc im qveynis potenciali, sadac Tez-i unda ganTavsdes, ise mezobeli qveynebis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba.
wels gamoCnda. tenderSi, romelic foTis sazRvao navsadguris ijariT aRebasa da navsadguris mimdebare teritoriaze Tavisufali industriuli zonis Seqmnis Taobaze 2007 wlis agvistoSi gamocxadda, swored am fondma gaimarjva. RAKIA-m 2008 wlis aprilSi saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan 99-wliani koncesia gaaforma da foTis portis 51% da navsadguris eqstensiuri ganviTarebis zonaSi arsebuli Senoba-nagebobebi, maTze damagrebuli 300 ha miwis nakveTiT 90 milion aSS dolarad SeiZina. imave wels, RAKIAm saxelmwifosgan 65 milion aSS dolarad foTis portis darCenili 49%-is aqciebic SeiZina da portis erTaderTi mflobeli gaxda. korporacia foTis sazRvao navsadgurSi foTis portis aqciebis gasxvisebis Sesaxeb informacias adastureben. portis aqciebis 80
37
ekologia
`mwvane~ saqarTvelo
`dedamiwis saaTis~ moaxloebasTan erTad, roca saqarTvelo, msoflios sxva 148 qveynis msgavsad, sinaTles erTi saaTis ganmavlobaSi Caaqrobs, ismis kiTxva: mzad aris ki saqarTvelo `gamwvanebisaTvis~?
monika alena
saqarTvelo bunebrivi resursebiT uxvad aris dajildoebuli, magram garemoze mzrunvel qveyanas mas mainc ver vuwodebT. arada, yvelaferi kargad daiwyo - garemos sakiTxebze ganaTlebis Sesaxeb pirveli mTavrobaTSorisi konferencia 1977 wels swored TbilisSi gaimarTa. maSin sabWoTa saqarTvelos dedaqalaqSi 66 qveynis delegatma da 20 arasamTavrobo organizaciis warmomadgenelma moiyara Tavi. daiwera e.w. Tbilisis deklaraciac, romelSic iTqva, rom garemoze efeqturi zrunvisTvis xalxis cnobierebis amaRleba iyo saWiro. saqarTvelos miRwevebi garemosdacviT sferoSi mis warmatebebs ekonomikuri reformis zog nawilSi ver Seedreba. qveyana, romelsac msoflio banki biznesis keTebis siadvilis mixedviT, 183-dan me-11 adgilze anawilebs, ekologiis dacvaSi Zalisxmevas TiTqmis ar debs. msoflio ekonomikuri forumis angariSis Tanaxmad, 2009 wels saqarTvelo 133 qveyanas Soris garemos mdgradobis mixedviT 56-e adgilze iyo. indikatorebis umravlesobaSi ki misi Sefaseba saSualoze dabali gaxldaT: garemosdacviTi regulaciebis simkacre - 70-e adgili, garemosdacviTi regulaciebis Sesruleba - 66-e adgili, gadaSenebis piras myofi saxeobebi - 77-e adgili. ratom xdeba ase? `farTod gavrcelebuli, magram mcdari mosazrebaa, rom garemos dasacavad fulis daxarjvaa aucilebe-
li, - ambobs zaal lomTaZe, garemos dacvis saministros mrCeveli. mTavroba da mosaxleobis umravlesoba ver xedavs, rom bunebis dacva SesaZlebelia erTi TeTris daxarjvis gareSec da, piriqiT, amiT Semosavlis miRebac ki SeiZleba. magram investiciebis mozidvis xedva ar arsebobs. lomTaZis azriT, saWiroa, yovlismomcveli strategiis SemuSaveba. `gvWirdeba mkacri kanonmdebloba, romelic ZiriTad postulatebs gansazRvravs, rogoricaa dabinZurebis maqsimaluri done. Semdeg modis darRvevebis efeqturi gamovlena da samarTliani aRsruleba, raSic mosamarTleebis mier jarimebis gamowera igulisxmeba. aucilebelia, Zlieri politikuri neba: didi qarxnebis winaaRmdeg wasvla gambedaobas moiTxovs. SarSan, noemberSi mTavrobam gamoacxada, rom 4000 eleqtronuli da hibriduli avtomobilis SeZenas apirebda, riTac postsabWoTa respublikebSi pirveli èkologiurad sufTa mTavrobis Seqmnas daiwyebda. ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis ministris vera qobalias TqmiT, momavali 3-4 wlis ganmavlobaSi saxelmwifo axal avtomobilebSi 200 milion aSS dolars gadaixdis, xolo dRes arsebuli avtoparkidan manqanebis umravlesobas auqcionze gayidis. `mTavrobisgan Sereuli signalebi modis, - acxadebs kavkasiis garemosdacviTi qselis proeqtis koordinatori rezo geTiaSvili. èrTi mxriv,
is garemos dacvis Sesaxeb xmamaRal gancxadebebs akeTebs. meore mxriv ki, iseT RonisZiebebs axorcielebs, rogoricaa garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros reorganizacia. 22 Tebervals saqarTvelos parlamentma garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi
38
ekologia
resursebis saministros reorganizacia daamtkica: saministros bunebrivi resursebis kontrolis funqcia gamoeyo, romelic energetikis saministros gadaeca. premier-ministrma nika gilaurma ganacxada, rom uflebamosilebaSekvecili saministro mxolod `konservaciasa da ekologiasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze imuSavebs. garemos damcveli jgufebi ki am reorganizacias qveynis axlomWvretelobas uwodeben. aragonivrulad gamoyenebis Sedegad bunebrivi kataklizmebis matebaa: kavkasiis garemosdacviTi qselis SefasebiT, wyaldidobebisa da mewyerebis Sedegebis aRkveTa saqarTvelos ekonomikas yovelwliurad daaxloebiT 100 milioni aSS dolari ujdeba. saministros reorganizaciam `mwvaneTa partiis aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia. ès vandalizmia, - ambobs partiis lideri giorgi gaCeCilaZe. ès mTel rig kanonebs, samarTlebriv aqtebs da saerTaSoriso xelSekrulelebs ewinaaRmdegeba. garemos dacvis sakiTxebma bolo dros sajaro ganxilvis saganic gaxda. `vSiSob, es mxolod imitom aris modaSi, rom amis aucileblobaze evrokavSiri saubrobs, - ambobs garemosdacviTi qselis direqtori, nana janaSia. `TiTqmis yvela samTavrobo proeqts saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba afinansebs, rac imis maniSnebelia, rom es sakiTxi mTavrobis dRis wesrigSi ar aris. eqspertebi Tanxmdebian, rom mcdaria gavrcelebuli mosazreba, TiTqos, ekonomikuri ganviTareba garemos dacvis alternatiul Rirebulebas warmoadgendes. msoflio bankis 2009 wlis angariSis Tanaxmad, qarTuli ojaxebisTvis garemoze zrunva mniSvnelobiT bolo adgilze iyo, TviT garemos dacvis yofili ministri ki jer kidev Tanamdebobaze yofnisas acxadebda, rom garemos dacvaze fiqrs qveyana mas Semdeg daiwyebs, rac ekonomika stabiluri gaxdeba. àris RonisZiebebi, romelTa ganxorcielebaSic saxelmwifos fuli arc ki daexarjeboda, ambobs lomTaZe. `magaliTad, ormagi minebis dataneba mSenebare saxlebSi, rac gaTbobis xarjebs milionobiT Seamcirebda, an importis baJis Semcireba im manqanebisTvis, romlebic garemoze naklebad mavne zegavlenas axdenen. didi potenciali aqvs narCenebis gadamuSavebis biznessac, Tumca, dRes ès momgebiani biznesi ar aris, da arc misi amoqmedebis politikuri neba arsebobs. bankebi ki sesxis gacemisgan Tavs ikaveben, - ambobs geTiaSvili. arada, am saqmis potenciali zedapirzeve Cans am sityvis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT - nagvis Sovna saqarTveloSi uproblemod SeiZleba: yoveldRiurad erT sul mosaxleze nagvis moculoba TbilisSi 0.6-0.7 kilograms aRwevs, regionebSi ki maCvenebeli, daaxloebiT, 0.4-0.5 kg-ia. TbilisSi narCenebis gadamuSavebis eqvsi da plastmasis erTi qarxana moqmedebs. statistika ki gamouyenebel potencialze miuTiTebs: rusTavSi mdebare plastmasis gadamamuSavebeli kavkasiuri qarxnis aRmasrulebeli direqtoris, enriko mosuliSvilis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelo yovelwliurad 200 000 tonamde polieTilenis terefTalats moixmars. `weliwadSi mxolod 200 tonis gadamuSaveba SegviZlia. problema xelmisawvdomobaSia: ramdenime nagavsayrels vTxoveT, CvenTvis polieTileni moeyida. mzad viyaviT, damatebiTi TanaSromlebis xelfasebi gadagvexada, konteinerebi migvewodebina da masalis Sesagroveblad Cveni sakuTari tvirTmzidi avtomobilebi gamogveyenebina. maT uari gviTxres. am qarxnisTvis gadamuSaveba meoradi RonisZiebaa. `Cven gvyavs klientebi, magaliTad - bi-pi, romelic gadasamuSaveblad masalas usasyidlod gvaZlevs. Sesabamisi mxardaWeris gareSe, gadamuSaveba momgebiani biznesi ver iqneba, rogorc es evropaSia, - ambobs mosuliSvili. SabaTs, 26 marts, 20 saaTsa da 30 wuTze, mTeli msoflios masStabiT sinaTle Caqreba. ukve meoTxe welia, ase aRniSnaven saxelmwifoebi dedamiwis saaTs. am qveynebs Sorisaa saqarTveloc. sainteresoa, SabaT saRamos, 9-is naxevridan 10-is naxevramde, klimatis cvlilebis winaaRmdeg solidarobis niSnad saqarTveloSi ramden saxlSi Caaqroben sinaTles.
`saqarTvelo mdidaria resursebis mravalferovnebiT, magram ara maTi raodenobiT. resursebis aragonivrulma gamoyenebam, SesaZloa, mniSvnelovani ziani moitanos, romelsac am resursebidan miRebuli Semosavali ver gadafaravs, - ambobs geTiaSvili. erT-erTi magaliTi resursebis
39
sazogadoeba
ojaxi
ojaxuri vendeta
ratom da rodis iTxoven aliments saqarTveloSi?
nino natroSvili
`bavSvs TvaliT ver naxavs, sanam aliments ar gadaixdis~,- 24 wlis naTia amaSukeli am frazas TiTqmis erTi wlis manZilze imeorebda. swored amden xans ar enaxa mis 4 wlis nucikos mama, romelic kviraSi ramdenjerme modioda, SvilisTvis Tvali Soridan mainc rom moekra. mama aliments ar ixdida. Tavs imiT imarTlebda, bavSvs ar maCvenebeno. alimentisTvis mSoblebis davis gamo saqarTveloSi aTasobiT bavSvi arasrulfasovan garemoSi cxovrobs. naTia amaSukelis SemTxveva saqarTveloSi yvelaze tipuri da gavrcelebulia: movaleebi alimentis gadauxdelobis mizezad yvelaze xSirad imas asaxeleben, rom maT bavSvis naxvis saSualeba ar eZlevaT, dedebi ki Svilebs imisTvis iyeneben, rom mamebs bavSvebis naxvis sanacvlod alimentis gadaxda aiZulon. alimenti iusticiis saministros aRsrulebis erovnuli biuros dauyovneblad aRsasrulebel saqmeTa kategorias miekuTvneba. biuros, Sesabamisi ganacxadiT, TveSi 100-mde mSobeli mimarTavs. alimentis odenobas mSoblis xelfasis, sxva Semosavlisa da uZrav-moZravi qonebis mokvlevis Semdeg sasamarTlo adgens. is saerTo Semosavlis daaxloebiT 25%-s Seadgens. yvelaze mcire odenoba, rac movalisTvis sasamarTlos daukisrebia, TveSi 1,5 laria, maqsimaluri ki - 1000 dolari. Tu sasamarTlom daadgina, rom movales ar aqvs saarsebo wyaro, maSin alimentis daniSnva SeuZlebeli xdeba. aliments bavSvis meurve mSobeli (saqarTvelo-
40
ilustracia ruslan beriZe
sazogadoeba
Si - umetesad, deda) iTxovs. aRsrulebis erovnuli biuros informaciiT, uwyebas am ganacxadiT mimarTaven is xanSiSesuli mSoblebic, romlebic martoxelebi arian. amboben, rom Svilebi maT yuradRebas ar aqceven da maTgan alimentis daniSnvas moiTxoven. sapasuxod, es Svilebi, rogorc wesi, amboben, rom mSoblebs maT aRzrdaSi monawiloeba saerTod ar miuRiaT da Svilebi asakSi Sesvlis Semdeg gaaxsendaT. aseTi saqme - roca aliments Svilebisgan mSoblebi iTxoven - aRsrulebis biuroSi sul aTia. erT-erTi maTgani 70 wlis melanoa. mas 3 zrdasruli Svili hyavs - 2 mamakaci da erTi qalbatoni, romelic gaTxovilia. melano 55 wels miRweul 2 SvilTan erTad cxovrobs. sasamarTlom TveSi 10 laris odenobis alimentis gadaxda orive maTgans daakisra. Tumca Svilebi aliments ar ixdian da ojaxSi mudmivad konfliqtia. iZulebis berketi ki arc aRsrulebis biuros aqvs. daaxloebiT 10-mdea iseTi saqmec, romelTa mixedviT alimenti dedebs daekisraT, radgan Svilebi mamasTan arian, deda ki maT aRzrdaSi monawileobas ar iRebs. marika da vaJa gaSorebulebi arian. marika TbilisSi cxovrobs, vaJa - kaxeTis erT-erT sofelSi. rodesac ganqorwindnen, 2 Svili dedam waiyvana da alimentis gadaxda vaJas daakisra. mogvianebiT bavSvebi mamasTan wavidnen da darCnen. vaJam ki alimentis gadaxda marikas mosTxova. pirveli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba yofil meuRleebs ar mouTxoviaT, amJamad alimenti orives dakisrebuli aqvs, amitom martivi gamosavali naxes: arcerTi ar ixdis, erTmaneTs uqviTaven~. Tbilisis saaRsruleblo biuros TanamSromeli gela gelaSvili, romelic saojaxo davebTan dakavSirebul saqmeebs ganixilavs, ambobs, rom aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac dedis erTaderTi saarsebo wyaro swored alimentia. Tumca xdeba isec, rom qalbatons ganacxadis Setanisas mxolod samagieros gadaxdis survili amoZravebs. miznis misaRwevad ki xSirad Svils mamas an bebia-babuas ar aCvenebs. kanonis mixedviT, alimenti da bavSvis naxva erTmaneTs absoluturad ar ukavSirdeba. miuxedavad imisa, ixdis Tu ara mama aliments, deda valdebulia, mas Svili aCvenos, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa, sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis SeusruleblobisTvis zRvars miRma imyofeba. Sesabamisad, maTgan yovelTviurad Tanxis amoReba ver xerxdeba. TbilisSi biuros warmoebaSi 1229 alimentis saqmea, aqedan 361 aliments regularulad ixdis, 152 - periodulad, 716 ki urCi gadamxdelia. regionebSic nebayoflobiT gadamxdelebs, ZiriTadad, urCebi aWarbeben. movale mamebis nawili alimentis Tavidan asacileblad zogjer imasac ambobs, rom bavSvi maTi Svili ar aris. mamebi alimentSi angariSsworebis iaraRs xedaven da pirvel rigSi, maTTan gviwevs muSaoba, raTa avuxsnaT, ratom vaxdevinebT aliments da sad midis es fuli~, - acxadebs gela gelaSvili. aRsrulebis erovnul biuroSi ganmartaven, rom aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac mamebi finansebis uqonlobas imizezeben, aliments ar ixdian, Tumca sxva ojaxebs inaxaven. Tu movale alimentis gadaxdas mizanmimarTulad aridebs Tavs, mis mimarT masalebi policias gadaecema. amgvari saqmeebis ricxvi daaxloebiT 20%-ia. Tumca sadamsjelo RonisZiebebi urCi gadamxdelebisTvis jarimas an gamosasworebel samuSaoebs iTvaliswinebs. xSirad alimentisTvis dava mSoblebs Soris urTierTobis garkvevis gzac aris. aRsrulebis erovnul biuroSi iseTi SemTxvevebic axsovT, roca Tveebis ganmavlobaSi alimentis moTxovnis sababiT erT-erTi mSobeli yofil meuRleze informacias iRebs. zogjer aRmasruleblebs ekiTxebian, ra xdeba yofili qmris ojaxSi, daqorwinda Tu ara is meored, visze daqorwinda, ras ambobs masze da axsovs Tu ara yofili coli. zogs Serigebac unda~,-ambobs gelaSvili. erT-erTi bolo saqme, romelzec is muSaobda, imiT dasrulda, rom dedam, romelic alimentis gamo yofil meuRles weliwadnaxevari edaveboda, am davis periodSi qmarTan urTierToba aRadgina da alimentis moTxovnis gasauqmeblad aRsrulebis saagentoSi fexmZime mivida.
2010 wlis monacemebiT, aRsrulebis erovnul biuroSi alimentis sakiTxebze 3354 saqmea registrirebuli. aqedan movaleebis daaxloebiT 30% dasaqmebulia da maTgan Tanxis amoReba aRmasruleblis mier movalis survilis miuxedavad, yovelTviurad xdeba.
sasjeli daemuqros. gela gelaSvili ambobs, rom xSirad dedebi sxva xerxsac mimarTaven: amboben, rom Tavad aranairi pretenzia ar aqvT, am dros ki Svilebs mamis mimarT uaryofiTad ganawyoben, aSineben da scemen kidec im mizniT, rom bavSvma Tavad Tqvas uari mamasTan, an mamis naTesavebTan Sexvedraze. 2010 wlis monacemebiT, aRsrulebis erovnul biuroSi alimentis sakiTxebze 3354 saqmea registrirebuli. aqedan movaleebis daaxloebiT 30% dasaqmebulia da maTgan Tanxis amoReba aRmasruleblis mier movalis survilis miuxedavad, yovelTviurad xdeba. dakisrebul Tanxas nebayoflobiT movaleebis 35% ixdis, xolo darCenili 35% ar muSaobs, ar flobs aranair qonebas da ufro metic: siRaribis
41
ganaTleba
studenturi protesti
`TviTneboba~ akademiaSi
samxatvro akademiis damamTavrebeli kursis studentebi Seecdebian daamtkicon, rom akademiaSi gatarebul 3.5 welze ufro nayofieri Tavisufal, SemoqmedebiT sivrceSi muSaobaa.
naTia guliaSvili
42
ganaTleba
samxatvro akademiis mTavar SenobaSi, sagamofeno darbazis mopirdapire mxares, skulpturebiT da marmarilos safexurebiani kibeebidan marjvniv rom gadauxvevT, erT gauremontebel oTaxSi moxvdebiT. ukve kviraze metia, es gamousadegari sivrce akademiis meoTxe kursis `gandegil~ studentTa Stabis funqcias asrulebs. swavlis damTavrebamde 4 TviT adre, 8 studentma uari Tqva, sadiplomo namuSevari akademiis profesorebis meTvalyureobiT Seeqmna da am Zvel oTaxSi Tavisufali saxelosno daaarsa. `cxad WeSmaritebad miviCnevT, rom Tavisi arsiT samxatvro akademia da universiteti zogadad - is sivrcea, sadac gamocdili da axalgazrda Taoba, pedagogi da studenti SemoqmedebiTi TanamSromlobis procesSi erTad iswrafvian TviTrealizaciisaken. da Tu es gansazRvreba sworia, Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia dRes, ubralod, ar arsebobs. igi mxolod saxelia, romlis ukan Semecnebisa da Semoqmedebis sixarulis nacvlad mosawyeni da damTrgunveli biurokratiulobisa da cinikuri reJimis atmosferoa
gamefebuli~, weria studentTa saprotesto deklaraciaSi, romelsac sul rva axalgazrdis xelmowera aqvs darTuli. 16 marts, studentebi saxelosnos Seqmnis mizezebsa da miznebze uambobdnen Stabad gadakeTebul oTaxSi Sekrebil 30-iode stumars. maT Soris iyvnen iseTebic, romlebic protestant studentTa jgufs erT welze metia, gulSematkivrobs. 2009 wels, saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi, vizualuri xelovnebis saxelosno-adgili, sadac isini mxatvar giorgi kevliSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT Tanamedrove xelovnebis mimdinareobebs ecnobodnen, daixura. leqtors ki akademiam xelSekruleba aRar gaugrZela. miuxedavad imisa, rom saxelosnoSi miRebul codnas akademia maT oficialuri kreditebiT ar ufasebda, es erTaderTi adgili iyo, sadac Tanamedrove xelovnebasa da realobis interpretirebis axal mxatvrul xerxebs swavlobdnen. saxelosnos aRdgenis moTxovniT saprotesto kampania saxelwodebiT àkademia samoqalaqo sazogadoebisTvis~ noembridan daiwyo. Caatares gamokiTxvac. kiTxvas - gexmareba Tu
2009 wels, saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi, vizualuri

foto levan xerxeuliZe
xelovnebis saxelosno-adgili, sadac isini mxatvar giorgi kevliSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT Tanamedrove xelovnebis mimdinareobebs ecnobodnen, daixura.
samxatvro akademiis ezoSi
43
ganaTleba
ara akademia SemoqmedebiT ganviTarebaSi - studentTa 43 procentma uaryofiTad upasuxa. pedagogis dabrunebis surviliT dawyebuli protesti akademiis saganmanaTleblo sistemis Zireuli Secvlis moTxovnaSi gadaizarda. kurikulumSi Tanamedrove xelovnebis disciplinebis Semotana maTi erT-erTi mTavari mizani gaxda. `renesansis mxatvrebis teqnika unda icode, magram ar SeiZleba, dRes mogTxovon maTi ferweris zusti aslis Seqmna. Cven unda gvaswavlon axali xerxebi da gzebi, magram im ganaTlebiT, romelsac akademiaSi gvaZleven, saerTaSoriso saxelovnebo sivrceSi cxvirsac ver Seyof~, - ambobda SarSan `liberalTan~ interviuSi mesamekurseli giorgi yaralaSvili. axla, damamTavrebel kursze gadasuli protestanti studentebi sxva problemebzec saubroben: wlis bolos, sadiplomo namuSevrebis Sefasebisas, leqtorebi ar asabuTeben, ratom weren ama Tu im qulas, am namuSevrebze arc recenziebs weren da arc studentebs xvdebian~, ambobs meoTxekurseli vefxia mania. amitom axla isini Tavad qmnian alternatiul SemoqmedebiT sivrces da ideuri vakuumis Sevsebas darCenili mcire drois manZilze, mowveuli, moxalise mxatvrebisa da artistebis daxmarebiT apireben. maTve miandoben saboloo namuSevrebis Sefasebasac. saxelosnos wesdebis mixedviT, wevrebs Soris ar iarsebebs studentisa da leqtoris statusebi, nebismier dainteresebul pirs SeeZleba, wevris an stumris statusiT CaerTos procesSi da sadiplomo gamofenaSic ki miiRos monawileoba. marTalia, deklaracias sul 8 studenti awers xels, magram saxelosnoSi swavlis survili 30-iode sxva studentmac gamoTqva. maTTvis urbanuli arqiteqturis Sesaxeb leqciebis Catarebas apirebs urbanisti levan asabaSvili, fisolofosi lela gafrindaSvili ki maT feministuri artis Sesaxeb esaubreba. leqciebis Catareba surs akademiis ufrosi Taobis mxatvarsa da pedagogs, uSangi xumaraSvilsa da mxatvar oleg timCenkosac. timCenko akademiaSi giorgi kevliSvilis daTxovnis Semdeg, 2009 wels mivida. is unda gaZRoloda Tanamedrove xelovnebis saxelosnos, romelic akademiis mmarTvelobam studentebTan kompromisis saxiT saxeldaxelod daaarsa mas Semdeg, rac kevliSvilis saxelosno daxures. Tumca, dRes timCenko ambobs, rom administraciisgan sul sxva pirobebs, maT Soris alternatiuli xelovnebis laboratoriis amuSavebas eloda, es ki ar Sesrulda. amitom, is miiCnevs, rom aseT pirobebSi, studentebis wamowyeba erTaderTi swori gzaa. erTi wlis winandeli aqciebis Semdeg, axla mimdinare procesi studentebisTvis pirveli mniSvnelovani garRveva da akademiis gayinuli saswavlo procesisadmi yuradRebis mipyrobis kidev erTi mcdelobaa. aseTi iyo aqciac saxelwodebiT sma, sma da sma~ - avtorebis TqmiT, studentTa umravlesoba akademiaSi swored am erTaderTi mizniT dadioda. es performansi im periods daemTxva, roca akademiaSi jer kidev kargad axsovdaT erT-erTi wina damamTavrebeli jgufis skandaluri sadiplomo perfomansi `sveli wre~, amitom studentebisgan amjeradac Sokismomgvrel sanaxaobas elodnen. maSin ramdenime studentma gviTxra, rom studkavSiris Tavmjdomare or moadgilesTan erTad auditoriebSi dadioda da yvelas afrTxilebda, aqciaze ar
saxelosnos gaxsnis Semdeg, kiTxva ismis ase: ramdenad moaxerxeben am Tavisufal sivrceSi Sekrebili studentebi 4 TveSi Tanamedrove xelovnebis arsis ise gagebas, rom sadiplomo gamofena moamzadon?
Tavisufali saxelosnos SesaZlo wevrebis diskusia
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ganaTleba
Tavisufali saxelosnos wesdeba
CaxvideT, SegafurTxebeno~, ixsenebs erT-erTi monawile. dRes, isini akademiis yvela dainteresebul students sTavazoben saxelosnoSi siaruls da Tavisufal SemoqmedebiT garemoSi swavlas. penisebis xatva Tu ginda, adeqi da xate~ yvelas, visac ar surs, aseTi pasuxi miiRos leqtorisgan Txovnaze, rom SiSvel naturasTan muSaobis SesaZlebloba hqondes, SeuZlia, saxelosnoSi iaros. Tumca, saxelosnos gaxsnis Semdeg, kiTxva ismis ase: ramdenad moaxerxeben am Tavisufal sivrceSi Sekrebili studentebi 4 TveSi Tanamedrove xelovnebis arsis ise gagebas, rom sadiplomo gamofena moamzadon? Tanamedrove xelovneba mravalganzomilebiani cnebaa da namuSevris Tanamedroveoba SeiZleba gansazRvros, rogorc misma Sinaarsma, ise formam da teqnikurma mxarem.
studentebi ki TviTonve amboben, rom darCenili drois manZilze, saeWvoa, Tanamedrove teqnologiebis aTviseba SeZlon, radgan aqamde maTTvis es formebi aravis uswavlebia da Tanamedrove xelovnebis Sesaxeb Teoriuli codna, faqtobrivad, ar aqvT. gamodis, saxelosnos wevrebs mouwevT, Zalian mcire droSi iseTi namuSevrebi Seqmnan, romlebic formiTa da koncefciiT ufro Rirebuli iqneba, vidre vTqvaT, kiCuri naturmortia - Janri, romelzec, rogorc akademiis CamorCenilobis simboloze, studentebma kategoriuli uari Tqves. jerjerobiT ucnobia, miscems Tu ara saswavleblis administracia studentebs nebarTvas, akademiis sivrceSive moawyon sadiplomo namuSevarTa gamofena, romelSic gareSe pirebic miiReben monawileobas. Tu-
mca, `gandegili~ studentebisTvis administraciis pozicia naTelia. maT sakuTar blogze daweres, rom muqara administraciisgan ukve miiRes: `dRes, 15 marts, saxelosnoSi gvewvia akademiis maRali Tanamdebobis piri, romelmac araorazrovnad gangvicxada, rom miuxedavad Cveni gadawyvetilebis samarTlianobisa, administracia yvelanairad ecdeba, ar dauSvas Cveni ganzraxvis ganxorcieleba. kiTxvaze, ra aris amis mizezi, pasuxi iyo, rom Cveni qceva TviTnebobaa~. miuxedavad amisa, studentebi gamofenisTvis emzadebian da acxadeben, rom sakuTari sadiplomo namuSevrebiT Seecdebian, akademias daumtkicon - bolo 4 Tvis manZilze damoukidebeli muSaoba ufro nayofieri iyo, vidre akademiaSi naturmortebis xatvaSi galeuli 3,5 weli.
45
Tvalsazrisi
lokaluri warmodgenebis miRma

ra SeiZleba, viswavloT obamas winasaarCevno kampaniidan?
giorgi cxadaia
dRemde, rodesac saqarTveloSi amerikis politikaze saubroben, cdiloben, mas qarTuli gadmosaxedidan Sexedon, rac Zalian komikur xasiaTs iRebs xolme. amerikis kongresis warmomadgenlobiTi palatis yofili Tavmjdomare tomas tip~ onili ambobda, rom yvela politika lokaluria. arsad ise cxadad ar Canda es martivi WeSmariteba, rogorc saqarTveloSi - saqarTvelo xom erT-erTi iyo im ori qveynidan, romelic 2008 wlis amerikis saprezidento kampaniis dros jon makkeins uWerda mxars. amaSi paranormaluri da miuRebeli araferi yofila; 2008 wlis agvistos omisgan gamowveulma Sokma da makkeinis gulmxulvare mxardaWeris sityvebma qarTuli sazogadoeba respublikeli senatoris mimarT erTmniSvnelovani simpaTiiT ganawyo. saubedurod, obamas winaaRmdeg gamoTqmul mosazrebebSi, rogorc yvelgan, CvenTanac rasistuli elementebi figurirebda. aseve, garkveul wreebs gulwrfelad sjerodaT, rom obama komunistia. vfiqrob, obamas politikur platformaze meti informacia rom gvqondes, zogadi warmodgena Segveqmneba Tanamedrove demokratiuli politikis mTel potencialze. dRes ukve TiTqmis yvela aRiarebs, rom demokratiul praimeriSi hilari klintonsac rom gaemarjva, jon makkeini mainc damarcxdeboda. amis mizezi msoflio finansuri krizisi, erayis omi da buSis orvadiani prezidentobiT gamowveuli socialuri ukmayofilobebi iyo. amitom, yvelaze
gansakuTrebiT saintereso iyo, Tu rogor miiRo obamam winasaarCevno finansuri Semowirulobebi. man Tavidanve uari Tqva vaSingtonis, oficialurad daregistrirebuli demokrati donorebis daxmarebaze.
saintereso is aris, Tu rogor gaimarjva barak obamam hilari klintonTan brZolaSi da ara is, Tu rogor daamarcxa man jon makkeini. am fenomenis ukeT gasagebad obamas winasaarCevno kampaniis oTxi mTavari aspeqti unda gaviTvaliswinoT: misi politikuri ideologia, masebis mobilizaciisa da finansuri SemowirulobebisTvis axali mediis gamoyeneba, axali Taobis gaaqtiureba da afroamerikelebis mxardaWera. bolo faqtors gansakuTrebuli axsna albaT ar sWirdeba, amitom, pirveli sami faqtoris ganxilvaze gadaval. miuxedavad imisa, rom senatis kenWisyrebze micemuli xmebis mixedviT barak obama erT-erT yvelaze memarcxe-
46
Tvalsazrisi
ne politikosad miiCneoda, saarCevno kampaniis dasasruls da saprezidento vadis dadgomis drosac, ilinoisis senatori aSkarad centrisken gadaixara. tradiciuli memarcxeneebisgan igi ori mTavari TvisebiT gamoirCeva: pragmatulobiT da ritorikaze (sityvebze, metaforebze) aqcentis gakeTebiT. obamas pragmatuloba sxvadasxvanairad esmiT. yvelaze popularuli ganmartebiT, es aris dasaxuli miznebis da idealebis situaciisTvis Sesabamisi iaraRebiT~ miRweva. obamas gamocxadebul pragmatul doqtrinas amarTlebs saprezidento danapirebis TandaTanobiT xorcSesxma: finansuri bazrebis regulaciebis amoqmedeba, jandacvis reformis miReba ori wlis debatebis Sedegad da bolos, dont ask dont tell-is (kanonmdebloba, romelic homoseqsualebs jarSi samsaxurs ukrZalavda) gauqmeba. yvela es winasaarCevno dapireba obamam, marTalia, zogierT SemTxvevaSi arasrulyofilad, magram mainc patiosnad Seasrula. gansakuTrebuli iyo misi ritorikac. 2008 wlis arCevnebamde amerikeli demokratebis wreebSi Zalze popularuli iyo berklis universitetis profesoris jorj lakofis naSromebi politikuri ritorikis Sesaxeb. lakofi Tvlis, rom amomrCevlis gadawyvetilebaze did gavlenas axdens ara mxolod politikosis mier misi interesebis gamoxatva, aramed politikuri ritorika. gamokiTxvebis mixedviT, obamam warmatebiT moaxerxa liberalebis da liberalurad ganwyobili amomrCevlebis umravlesobaSi imedis momcemis~ imijis damkvidreba. imave gamokiTxvebiT, amomrCevlebis umravlesoba fiqrobda, rom obamas mTavari Tviseba misi STagonebis unari iyo. obamam SeZlo politikis mimarT yvelaze apaTiurad ganwyobili asakobrivi jgufis - axalgazrdebis mobilizeba. 2008 wlis demokratiul praimerebSi da kokusebSi 18-29 wlis adamianebis 58%-ma obamas misca xma, klintons ki mxolod 38%-ma. rac Seexeba politikuri monawileobis sxva formebs, 30 wlamde moqalaqeebis 25%ma (obamas amomrCevlebis bazam) gamokiTxvisas ganacxada, rom monawileobda politikur mitingsa da msvlelobaSi, an SeuerTda politikur klubs. pirveli kokusebis Semdeg, Jurnalma taimma~ 2008 weli arCevnebSi axalgazrdebis gaaqtiurebis wlad gamoacxada. axalgazrdebis mobilizaciis dros gansakuTrebuli roli axalma mediam Seasrula. obamam specialurad amisTvis `feisbukis~ erT-erTi damfuZnebeli kris hiuzi daiqirava. hiuzma Seqmna popularuli socialuri platforma http://my.barackobama.com, romelic daregistrirebul momxmareblebs adgilobrivi aqtivisturi jgufebis da RonisZiebebis moZebnaSi exmareboda da politikuri aqtivizmisTvis aucilebeli unarebis SeZenisTvis treningebs sTavazobda. vebsaitze daaxloebiT 15 milioni momxmarebeli daregistrirda. obamas kampaniis axali mediis koordinatori amerikaSi internet-kampaniebis pioneris - hovard dinis mTavari strategi jo rospersi iyo. internet-sivrceSi aqtiuri media kampaniis warmoebaSi obamas aqtiurad exmarebodnen cnobili momRerlebi da msaxiobebi. gansakuTrebuli gavlena youtube-ze ganTavsebulma musikalurma videom Yes We Can~ (diax, Cven es SegviZlia~) moaxdina, romelic obamas niu-hemfSiris sityvas musikalurad gadmoscemda. da bolos, gansakuTrebiT saintereso iyo, Tu rogor miiRo obamam winasaarCevno finansuri Semowirulobebi. man Tavidanve uari Tqva vaSingtonis, oficialurad daregistrirebuli demokrati donorebis daxmarebaze. obamas kampaniam Semowirulobebis 88% individualuri pirebisgan miiRo, darCenili 12% ki e.w. gaerTianebuli Semowirulobebidan~. individualuri donorebis ricxvma 1.5 milions miaRwia. aqedan Semowirulobebis daaxloebiT 47% 200 dolarze naklebi iyo, 76% ki - 2000 dolarze naklebi. saboloo jamSi, obamam SemowirulobebiT ufro meti Tanxa moagrova, vidre hilari klintonma an jon makkeinma. vaSingtonis donorebze uaris Tqmam, mas saSualeba misca, rom momavalSi naklebad damokidebuli yofiliyo korporatiuli donorebis moTxovnebze (ris sanacvlodac, isini Cveulebriv, swiraven xolme fuls) da Cveulebrivi amomrCevlebis moTxovnebis dakmayofilebaze meti Zalisxmeva daexarja. Semowirulobebis umravlesoba internetiT ganxorcielda, ramac obamas saSualeba misca, rom donorebTan molaparakebasa da biurokratiul procedurebze naklebi dro da energia daexarja. 15 wlis win Cikago reporters~ obamam politikosis roli Semdegnairad dauxasiaTa: droa, politikosebma da sxva liderebma Semdegi nabiji gadadgan da amomrCevlebi, moqalaqeebi aRiqvan, rogorc cvlilebebis Semqmnelni. politikosma Tavisi saqme ise unda aRiqvas, rogorc organizatorma, naxevrad maswavlebelma da naxevrad advokatma. politikosi aris is, vinc amomrCevels realuri arCevanis Sesaxeb anaTlebs da ara is, vinc ityueba.~ obamas 2008 wlis winasaarCevno kampaniaSic mTavari aqcenti amomrCevelTan erTad cvlilebaze~ da politikur pasuxismgelobaze iyo da ara populisturi dapirebebis srolaze. amis miuxedavad, ra Tqma unda, dapirebebi da molodinebi yovelTvis imaze metia, vidre gadadgmuli nabijebi. obamas winasaarCevno kampania axali mediis inovaciuri gamoyenebis, axalgazrdebis gaaqtiurebis da politikuri ideologiis TvalsazrisiT, cifruli teqnologiebis eris yvelaze msxvilmasStabiani politikuri movlenaa. qarTvel politikosebs, amomrCevels da samoqalaqo sazogadoebas 2008 wlis movlenebisgan uamravi dadebiTi magaliTis aReba SeuZliaT, Tumca, pirvel rigSi, amerikis politikaze lokalur warmodgenebs unda gavcdeT da movlenebi farTo masStabiT aRviqvaT.
47
mediakritika
vin gviSveba Tavze?

2010 wlis 13 martis modelirebuli `qronikis~ erTi wlis Tavze, 2011 wlis 12 marts ìmedis~ `specialurma reportaJma~ kidev erTxel `gviqna Tavze~.
ninia kakabaZe
ìmedis~, ufro konkretulad ki, misi sainformacio da analitikuri gadacemebis aRviraxsniloba imdenad SemaSfoTebelia, rom Zalauneburad Cndeba kiTxva - vin da ratom mfarvelobs giorgi arvelaZes? socialuri qseli iZleva imis saSualebas, rom saqarTvelos xelisuflebis aqtiuri mxardamWerebis reaqciebic ixiloT zemoxsenebul personasa Tu mis Semoqmedebaze - is calsaxad negatiuria. Cndeba miamituri, magram legitimuri kiTxva - ratom vaqnevinebT Tavze giorgi arvelaZes amdeni xnis ganmavlobaSi? ar gegonoT, Cemi frazeologia simwriT iyos gamowveuli, es mxolod 12 martis `specialuri reportaJidan~ aRebuli citataa, romelic mTeli gadacemis ganmavlobaSi cdilobda, mTavari damnaSave epovna vin uqna Txunelas Tavze? vin aris Txunela - ganaTlebulia is Tu gaunaTlebeli? saqme isaa, rom gamomcemloba `diogenem~ cota xnis win germanulidan Targmna da gamouSva sabavSvo bestseleri saxelwodebiT `vin uqna Tavze Txunelas?~ wignis sinofsisi amgvaria - miwidan Tavs amoyofs Txunela, romelsac Tavze daakukaven. amis Semdeg Txunela dadis da ikvlevs, vin moisaqma mis Tavze. midis cxenTan, virTan, CitTan da sxva cxovelebTan, bolos gaarkvevs, rom mis Tavze ZaRlma moisaqma. Txunela mZinare ZaRls Tavze `gaukeTebs~ da kmayofili CaZvreba ukan, miwaSi. laSa xaraziSvili, 2010 wels modelirebuli `qronikis~ wamyvanis ro-
lis Semsrulebeli, SeSfoTebulia am faqtiT. is SfoTavs da Zrwis, rom qarTveli bavSvebis zRapari aRar iwyeba ìyo da ara iyo ra~-Ti, rom bavSvebs araesTetikuri ambis mosmena Tu wakiTxva SeuZliaT. `rogori iqneba am zRapriT gazrdili bavSvi?~ - dardobs laSa. kadrs miRma dardoben maTe da giorgic da wignze amzadeben vrcel gadacemas, romelSic skolis direqtorebi, maswavleblebi, fsiqologebi monawileoben. saqarTvelos mosaxleobis, da gansakuTrebiT, studentebis ganaTlebis doniT Sefiqrianebuli ìmedis~ koleqtivi, rogorc `Tavzeqnili~ Txunela, momdevno reportaJSi gamokiTxvis saSualebiT amowmebs Cveni ganaTlebis dones. siuJetis dawyebamde laSa xaraziSvili SesavalSi ambobs, rom udiplomo sasiZo dResac aravis unda, amitom zogi swavlis Sedegad iRebs diploms, zogi ki yidulobso. ai, sad gaepara laSas (Tu maTes?) antisaxelmwifoebrivi replika. megobrebo, vardebis revoluciis Semdeg ganaTlebis sistemaSi ganxorcielebuli reformis Sedegad diplomis yidva SeuZlebelia! am braldebisaTvis siamovnebiT moviTxovdi Tqvengan damadasturebel faqts, sadac diplomis yidvis SemTxveva mtkicdeba. sxvaTaSoris, ìmedis~ mier gamokiTxulTa Soris diplomianebic arian da udiplomoebic, anu universitetis studentebic. maS ase, `specialuri reportaJis~ mier momzadebuli kiTxvari, savaraudod, or nawilad iyofa - inte-
leqtualuri da ubiri. inteleqtualuri kiTxvebi ganzrax damabnevelia. vin iyo petre meliqiSvili? romel saukuneSi mefobda SoTa rusTaveli? vin aris ilia marTali? saqarTvelos meramdene prezidentia konstantine gamsaxurdia? vin gaimarjva saqarTvelo-vietnamis 1956 wlis omSi? ra
48
mediakritika
enaze saubroben laTinur amerikaSi? da a.S. sruliad warmoudgenelia, gamokiTxulTa Soris am kiTxvebze erTsac ver gaeca swori pasuxi. magram es ar gvaCvenes, radgan ìmedis~ muSa koleqtivs sxva miznebi aqvs. swor pasuxs isini mxolod am kiTxvebze iReben: vin aris biWola? vin aris anri joxaZe? iyo aseTi kiTxvac: vin aris saqarTvelos premier-ministri? netav romel kategorias miekuTvneboda es ukanaskneli, inteleqtulurs Tu ubirs? iqneb kiTxva sasurveli pasuxis (premier-ministri - saakaSvili) misaRebad daisva? mivmarTav maT, vinc ìmeds~, mis ganumeorebel direqtors da koleqtivs mfarvelobs zeciuri saqarTvelodan Tu miwieri saqarTvelos aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebidan. biWolas da anri joxaZis arseboba saqarTvelos mosaxleobam da maT Soris mec, swored am televiziebis meSveobiT gavigeT. isic ki vici, rom anri joxaZe sakuTari simReris klipSi gaSiSvlda. biWolazec vicodi raRac popularuli detalebi, magram aRar maxsovs. ubralod misi arsebobis Sesaxeb vici, amisTvis madloba gadacemebs `Tbilisi laiv~, `qronika~ da a.S. ukanasknel energias ar iSureben giorgi, maTe da laSa (ukve ìmedis~ wminda samebac Camoyalibda), rom gamoalayon Cveni tvinebi am nagviT. didxans gvafiqron, vin visi sayvarelia, vin sad isvenebs, vin sad erToba, sad yidian Tu yiduloben sakuTar tansacmelsa Tu simRerebs. es hiperganviTarebuli ugemovneboba yvelaze gavrcelebulia qveyanaSi, sadac socialurad daucveli, gaWirvebis zRvars miRma myofi mosaxleobisaTvis uxvad mzaddeba 30-lariani vauCeri da sanaxaoba. mosaxleobas ki es sanaxaoba sWirdeba, vidre misi kuWi mSieria, vidre is dausaqmebelia da vidre garToba, kargi cxovreba mxolod maT warmosaxvaSi arsebobs. `specialuri reportaJis~ finalSi laSa xaraziSvili bodiSs ixdis, Tuki vinmes Seuracxyofa miayena. SarSanac mogvibodiSes modelirebuli `qronikis~ Semdeg. es gamokiTxva ar iyo saqarTvelos mosaxleobis ganaTlebis donis indikatori, es ìmedis~ koleqtivis proeqciaa imis saTqmelad, rom Cven debilebi varT, radgan zustad erTi wlis win usircxvilod Tavze gviqnes da Cven, nacvlad imisa, rom Seuracxyofili TxunelasaviT damnaSave mogveZebna da samagiero gadagvexada, es fekaliebi kargad SevizileT TavSi da ganvagrZeT cxovreba. `rogor ver SeamCnieT, rom siuJetSi moklesaxeloebiani maisurebi ecvaT politikosebs?~, `rogorc ver SeamCnieT, rom mze anaTebda?~ da rom kadrebi, romelic SemogTavazeT modelirebuli iyo da ara namdvili?! debilebi da ganuviTareblebi xarT! - gviTxra arvelaZem maSin. ar gjeraT? naxeT 2011 wlis 12 martis `specialuri reportaJi~.
es hiperganviTarebuli ugemovneboba yvelaze gavrcelebulia qveyanaSi, sadac socialurad daucveli, gaWirvebis zRvars miRma myofi mosaxleobisaTvis uxvad mzaddeba 30-lariani vauCeri da sanaxaoba.
49
Tvalsazrisi
cxovreba subtitrebiT
paata qurdaZe
ucxouri filmebis subtitrebiT Cvenebis upiratesobis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos parlamentis ganaTlebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis komitetis mier warmodgenili kanonproeqtis sapirispirod bevri mosazrebis gamoTqma SeiZleba. subtitrebis momxreTa mTavari argumenti, TiTqos es mosaxleobaSi ucxo enebis, kerZod ki inglisuri enis gavrcelebas Seuwyobs xels, kidev erTxel Segvaxsenebs, rom saqarTveloSi kulturisa da ganaTlebis sakiTxebiT sabWoTa komisrebis msgavsi SemTxveviTi adamianebi arian dakavebuli. rogorc cnobilia, Cvens droebiT okupirebul samSobloSi kultura strategiuli sferoa, rac imas niSnavs, rom xelovnebis dargebi, pirvel rigSi, saxelmwifo interesebs unda emsaxurebodes. wvrilvaWruli inglisuri enis codna ki iseTive mniSvnelovania, rogorc tanki, tyviamfrqvevi da briyvuli patriotul_ militaristuli himnebi. qarTuli kulturis aRgznebul `komisrebs~ rogorc Cans, arasodes smeniaT imis Sesaxeb, rom kino, pirvel rigSi, xelovnebis dargia, da is ucxo enis swrafad Sesaswavl video meTodSi erevaT. evropis qveynebis umetes nawilSi, films subtitrebiT, ZiriTadad, momzadebuli mayurebeli uyurebs. kinoTeatris salarosTan yovelTvis miTiTebulia, Tu romel darbazSi gadis dublirebuli da romelSi - originaluri versia. televiziiT aseT filmebs mxolod specialur sinefilur kerZo arxebze, an xazgasmulad kulturaze orientirebul iseT arxze Tu naxavT, rogoric aris germanulfranguli àrte~, nacionaluri arxebiT subtitrebiani filmebi evropis umetes qveyanaSi TiTqmis arasodes gadaicema. da amas Tavisi logika aqvs: nacionaluri arxebi saSualo moqalaqezea gaTvlili, romelsac yvela socialuri da inteleqtualuri fena miekuTvneba. maT Soris isinic, visac kiTxvis, mxedvelobis, asakis, koncentraciis an sulac ganaTlebis problema aqvT. maTi ignorireba diskriminacis tolfasi iqneboda. gansakuTrebiT sasaciloa serialebis subtitrebiT Cvenebis idea, serialebis erTaderTi azri aris swored imaSi, rom mas adamianebma `cali TvaliT~ uyuron, meoreTi ki saxlis saqme akeTon, ekranze ar iyvnen mijaWvulni, rogorc romelime didi Sedevris yurebisas, ubralod daisvenon, gansakuTrebuli daZabvis gareSe. qarTveli deda xom cali xeliT akvans arwevs, meoreSi ki pultiT serialidan serialze rTavs televizors! is mayurebeli, romelic sulac ar ainteresebs `wiTel zonaSi~ naCvenebi Zveli SavTeTri Sedevrebi iseve, rogorc mTels msoflioSi, nacionaluri arxebis ZiriTad publikas warmoadgens. swored am publikis dakargvis saSiSroebis winaSe daayenebs es kanoni nacionalur arxebsa da distribucias. okupantis enasTan mebrZoli kulturis komitetis patriotulstrategiulma wamowyebam, SesaZloa swored rusuli mauwyeblobisaTvis sasargeblo Sedegebi gamoiRos. amasTan, Tu mainc SevTanxmdebiT, rom kinofilmebis raRac nawili mainc udavod xelovnebas miekuTneba, iZulebulni viqnebiT angariSi gavuwioT maTi Cvenebis xarisxis parametrebs,
maT Soris Targmansac. visac erTxel mainc umuSavia filmis Targmanze, dameTanxmeba, rom subtitrebis keTebisas xSirad mxolod dialogis reziume iTargmneba, radgan xazebis sigrZe, raodenoba, maTi ekranze gamoCenis dro mkacrad limitirebulia. swrafi dialogis subtitrebSi gadatana, faqtobrivad, SeuZlebelia. dro romelic saWiroa teqstis wasakiTxad da mis aRsaqmelad xSirad CamorCeba ekranze gamosaxulebis cvalebadobis siswrafes. gansakuTrebiT mZafrsiuJetian scenebSi. amitom subtitrebs mxolod maRali kinematografiuli Rirebulebis filmebis Targmanisas aqvs azri, romelSic msaxiobis TamaSi, xma da diq-
50
Tvalsazrisi
cia erTnairad mniSvnelovania. aris kidev erTi Zalian mniSvnelovani detali filmis xmovani dublaJi iZulebuls xdis sadistribucio kompaniebsa da telearxebs, daasaqmos msaxiobebi, axali kanoni ki, faqtobrivad, profesias klavs da isedac umuSevar msaxiobebs Semosavlis saSualebas arTmevs. arada, rogorc cnobilia, qarTveli parlamentarebi umuSevrebze dardisgan Rameebs TeTrad aTeneben Tumca dRisiT, rogorc Cans, Tavadve spoben samuSao adgilebs dRes nebismier saSualo simZlavris saojaxo kompiuterze SeiZleba filmis subtitrebis gakeTeba. da es sadistribucio kompaniebsa da qarTuli telearxebis inkognito mepatroneebisaTvis namdvili, Tumca Zalian saeWvo. jek-potia! sainteresoa, rom aravis uCndeba kiTxva, Tu vis interesebSi SeiZleba, hipoTeturad mainc, Sediodes dublaJis iaffasiani subtitrebiT Canacvleba, rom aravis Seaqvs eWvi, aranair interesTa konfliqtSi, im SesaZlo elitarul korufciul garigebaSi, romelic prezidentis azriT saqarTveloSi kategoriulad ar arsebobs. da bolos, yvelaze mniSvnelovani: qarTuli enis ganviTareba, mxolod ucxo enebTan `SejvarebiT~ aris SesaZlebeli da ara misi izolirebiT. es roli, ra Tqma unda, pirvel rigSi literaturas, Targmans akisria. samwuxarod, wigni dRes saqarTveloSi komatozur mdgomareobaSia, Tu uaxloes momavalSi masTan absoluturad danaSaulebrivi damokidebuleba ar Seicvala, SegviZlia mis Rirseul dakrZalvaze zrunva daviwyoT, imedia mklavze SavlentSebmuli kulturisa da ganaTlebis zemoT xsenebuli komiteti damkrZalavi komisiad mainc gamoadgeba sabralo qarTul wigns. kino xels uwyobs cocxali enis gaxsnilobas, progresirebas. ara naklebad, vidre literatura. Soreul sabWoTa wlebSi yvela SeveCvieT, rom ucxouri filmi aucileblad rusulad unda gvenaxa, radgan qarTulad Zalian sasacilod JRerda iseve rogorc literaturas, ucxour filmebsac sxva, ucxo enaze vecnobodiT. qarTul enas bolo 200 wlis manZilze, faqtobrivad, ar umuSavia ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro sruli datvirTviT. amis Sedegad miRebul dRevandel qarTul enas xSirad elastikuroba aklia. qarTulad gacilebiT Znelad iTargmneba Tanamedrove teqstebi, vidre Tundac rusulad. amitomac gvecineboda bavSvobaSi `SesaniSnavi Svideulis~ qarTul dublaJze (`Ciko, aba taSi Semohkar!~), TiTqos amerikeli kovboebisaTvis rusuli yofiliyo mSobliuri ena. dRes qarTveli axalgazrdebi frangul, italiur, espanur filmebs inglisurad uyureben isini `Cikos uxerxulad Semokrul taSze~ kidev karga xans ixaliseben,. qarTul enas meti kultura, muSaoba, sicocxle... meti `kino~ sWirdeba da ara epitafiasaviT amotvifruli civi subtitrebi mis sevdian Sav _ TeTr realobaze.
subtitrebis momxreTa mTavari argumenti Segvaxsenebs, rom saqarTveloSi kulturisa da ganaTlebis sakiTxebiT sabWoTa komisrebis msgavsi SemTxveviTi adamianebi arian dakavebuli.
51
reviu
ucnauri xili
vaxo xviCia
sinkler luisis wignebi ratomRac naklebad popularulia CvenSi. arada, Tundac imitom unda imsaxurebdes yuradRebas, rom SeerTebuli Statebis literaturis istoriaSi pirveli amerikeli mwerali gaxldaT, romelsac nobelis premia ergo. 1930 wlis 12 dekembers, am premiis gadacemisas, sazeimo ceremoniaze warmoTqmuli sityva gabrazebuli mwerlis amboxi ufro iyo, vidre madlierebiT damdnari avtoris sentimentebi. The American Fear of Literature (`literaturis SiSi amerikelebSi) ase erqva mis gamosvlas, romelic iseTi cxare gamodga, mogvianebiT calke naSromad gamoica da dResac saxelmZRvaneloebSia Setanili, rogorc literaturuli Sedevri. mokled, luisma mkiTxveli magrad Seaxura im avtorebis waukiTxaobisaTvis, romlebic mware sinamdviles ar gaurbodnen, brmad ar ganadidebdnen amerikuli cxovrebis wess, xotbas ar asxamdnen qveynis gamogonil keTildReobas. kolegebs ki sul laCrebi eZaxa, iseTi Temebis Segnebuli ignorirebisaTvis, rogorebicaa ekonomikuri krizisi, didi depresia, umuSevroba, usamarTloba, rasobrivi segregacia... amgvari socialuri aRgznebis gamo, luiss bunebrivia, didad ar swyalobdnen da komunisti Rorebis araoficialur Sav siaSic hyavdaT Seyvanili. erTi gamxdari, Cia kaci gaxldaT da miaCnda, rom amerikul yofaze gabedulad simarTlis wera qveynis ukeTesi momavlisaTvis iyo aucilebeli. Tavad ki am momavals ver moeswro, umowyalo smas Seewira. amas winaT, sruliad SemTxveviT misi Kingsblood Royal (kingsbladi mefeTa STamomavali) Camivarda xelSi - meore msoflio omis veteranis kapitan nil kingsbladis istoria, romelic pastoralur simSvideSi cxovrobs col-SvilTan erTad, CrdiloeTis patara StatSi. kingsblagadahyveba, gaSavebuls colic ki aRar aZlevs. sruliad marto rCeba da magrad erxeva. erTi sityviT, kiTxulob Kingsblood Royals da xvdebi, rom sinkler luisi saocari iumoriT sevdian Sav bluzs mogviTxrobs anu erTi kargi kacis ambavs, romelic Zalian cudadaa. Tu bluzze midga saqme, erTi cnobili simRerac gavixsenoT, romelic am wignis idealuri saundtreki iqneboda. 1930 wlis 7 agvistos indianas StatSi ori afroamerikeli Tomas Sifi da abram smiTi TeTrkaniani muSis mkvlelobis braldebiT daakaves. gamexebulma brbom maT saknamde SeaRwia da linCis wesiT gaasamarTla (xeze CamoaxrCves). 9 wlis Semdeg poetma luis alenma am istoriaze leqsi dawera, romelic eleonora fegenma, igive bili holideim genialur simRerad (Strange Fruit - ùcnauri xili) aqcia. simReris socialuri simwvavis gamo, cnobilma `Columbia Records-ma idedla da uari Tqva mis Caweraze iseve, rogorc bevrma sxva studiam. riskze mxolod patara kompania `komodori wavida da simReris premierac niu-iorkis erT-erT patara klubSi, 52-e quCaze gaimarTa. sanam leidi dei (saqsofonistma lester iangma Searqva ase) ucnaur xils Seasrulebda, darbazs absoluturi siCumis dacva Txoves, mimtanebs stumrebis momsaxureba droebiT Seawyvetines da Suqi Caaqres. monusxuli xalxi utyvad, cremlmoreuli usmenda am saocar qalbatons, romlis Tmebs ulamazesi TeTri gardenia amSvenebda, odnav xrinwian, siyvaruliT gamomTvral xmas ki autaneli tkivili:
ds hyavs kadilaki da ZaRli (amerikuli keTildReobis imdroindeli simbolo), prestiJuli saCogburTo klubis VIP wevria da amayad dgas anglo-saqsonuri TeTri demokratiis sadarajoze. yvelaferi idealuradaa, sanam SemTxveviT ar gaigebs, rom afroamerikeli winapari hyavs. cxovreba nel-nela engreva, samsaxurs kargavs, megobrebi linCis wesiT gasamarTlebiTa da saxlis gadawviT emuqrebian, mamamisi dards
52
reviu
Southern trees bear strange fruit, Blood on the leaves and blood at the root, Black body swinging in the Southern breeze, Strange fruit hanging from the poplar tree samxreTis xeebze ucnauri xili xarobs, sisxlia maT foTlebze da sisxlia fesvebSi, samxreTis qari Sav sxeulebs arxevs, verxvebze ucnauri xili xarobs... am sam wuTSi bili holideim monobis, teroris, damcirebis, devnis, mkvlelobebisa da usamarTlobis is sami saukune moaqcia, romelic sakuTar Tavzec gamoscada bavSvobaSi (11 wlis asakSi igi mezobelma gaaupatiura, marTlmsajulebam ki am faqtze Tvali daxuWa, radgan moZalade TeTrkaniani gaxldaT. gogona Tavad daadanaSaules mamakacis SecdenaSi da arasrulwlovanTa koloniaSi gamoketes). samwuTiani musikaluri amboxiT bilim iseTi adamianuri WeSmariteba gamoafxizla, romelsac bevri mTeli cxovreba eZebs da ver poulobs, is simarTle aamRera, romelic xSirad miZinebulia, miviwyebulia, saguldagulod gadamaluli an datusaRebulia. simReras rom morCa, darbazi didxans dumda. klubSi ucnauri emociuri daZabuloba igrZnoboda. viRac atirebulma tipma bolos Tavi ver Seikava da siCume moridebuli taSiT daarRvia, romelic giJur ovaciebSi gadaizarda. saRamos saintereso gagrZeleba hqonda. sagrimioroSi musikoss egzaltirebuli ucnobi qalbatoni Seuvarda, aRar gabedo da meored es simRera arsad Seasruloo. gairkva, qalbatons siyvarulze dawerili baladebis mosmenaSi gadaexada fuli, misi sulieri komforti (e.w. kaifi) ki mware sinamdvilis Sexsenebas ise aeforiaqebina, im Rames Tu gadarCeboda, aravis egona. Strange Fruit amerikuli xelovnebis istoriaSi Sevida, rogorc musikalur enaze gamoxatuli protestis erT-erTi saukeTeso magaliTi, xolo edgar huveris biWebis kantoraSi ki gaCnda axali saqaRalde: No 4855389 Billie Holiday: Singer. amboben, rom simRerebi, filmebi, wignebi an naxatebi - erTi sityviT, Semoqmedeba mokle xniT zeimobs xolme gamarjvebebs da raime globaluri borotebis samudamod damarcxebas ver axerxebso. SeiZleba, Kingsblood Royal da Strange Fruit mxolod erTi araCveulebrivi mwerlisa da erTi genialuri musikosis amao brZolaa samarTlianobisaTvis da meti araferi. Tumca, am wignis gadakiTxva, an am simReris mosmena, raRacas mainc Secvlis CvenSi. sami wuTiT mainc.
53
teqnologiebi
IPAD 2-S APPLE-s fanebi tradiciuli aJiotaJiT Sexvdnen gamicvale el-wigni!
iPad 2-is SesaZenad Apple-is fanebi kompaniis safirmo maRaziebTan jer kidev RamiT Seikribnen. yvela cdilobda, mosaxerxebeli adgili daekavebina, raTa saocnebo planSeti pirvels swored mas rgeboda. texaselma turistebma maRaziis win karavi jer kidev 8 marts gaSales, manhetenze Apple-s maRaziis win ki rigis pirveli adgili axalgazrda gogonam auqcionze gayida. Apple-is fanebTan erTad rigi im adamianebisganac Sedgeboda, romlebsac mowyobilobis oficialur fasad SeZena da Semdeg Sav bazarze
SeniSvnebs aerTianebs, romlebsac samxreT afrikis pirveli demokrati prezidenti samTavrobo Sexvedrebis dros akeTebda.
BookLending.com-sa da Lendle.me-s ukve aTasobiT momxmarebli hyavs da es ricxvi dRiTidRe izrdeba. am resursebis daxmarebiT momxmareblebi Kindle-isa da Nook-is eleqtornul wignebs erTmaneTSi cvlian. - serverebis bazris lideri analitikuri kompania Gartner-is informaciiT, 2010 wlis SedegebiT, msoflioSi gayiduli serverebis mTliani Semosavlis 31,4%, anu 15,33 miliardi dolari -s ekuTvnis. sul HP-m 7,8 milioni serveri gayida.
mandelas fondSi acxadeben, rom zogierTi mniSvnelovani dokumentis gamoqveynebasTan dakavSirebiT sxvadasxva qveynis mTavrobebTan da saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan molaparakebebs awarmoeben. onlain-sivrceSi ganTavsebasTan erTad mandelas arqivi wignis saxiTac daibeWdeba. mis winasityvaobas amerikis prezidenti barak obama dawers. tvitebi tahriridan amerikuli gamomcemloba OR Books axal wignze muSaobs. masSi is mTavari Setyobinebebi iqneba Tavmoyrili, romlebsac egviptelebi revoluciis periodSi Twitter-ze tovebdnen. 160 gverdiani krebuli saxelwodebiT `tvitebi tahriridan 21 aprils gamova. gamomcemlobis warmomadgenlebis gancxadebiT, Setyobinebebi mkiTx-
orjer metad gayidva surdaT. bevri maTgani am mizniT erTdroulad ramdenme iPad 2-s yidulobda. ucxouri telearxebma 20 wlis Cineli emigranti denis engi gadaiRes, romelic viRacis sanacvlod rigSi dgomis TiToeuli saaTisTvis 10 dolars iRebda. me aq fulis gamomuSavebisTvis movedi. bevri Cineli emigranti rigSi mxolod imisTvis dgas, rom daiqiraves,-ganacxada man. IPad 2-ma winamorbedis rekordi moxsna - pirvel dRes is daaxloebiT 600 000 cali gaiyida. IPad 2-is fasi mis konfiguraciazea damokidebuli da 500-dan 830 dolaramdea. Apple wels kidev erTi axali produqtis gamoSvebas gegmavs: TeTri iPhone 4, romlis gayidvebis dawyeba samjer gadaido, savaraudod aprilSi gamoCndeba. Semdeg ki kompania iPhone-is mexuTe versias daaanonsebs.
eqspertebis prognoziT, kompania bazarze sakuTar poziciebs mimdinare wels kidev ufro gaaZlierebs. nelson mandelas arqivi internetSi nelson mandelas piradi arqivi da am dromde gamouqveynebeli dokumentebi internetSi ganTavsdeba. masala cifrul formatSi Google-s gadaaqvs. koleqcia mandelas patimrobis dros daweril dRiurebs, pirad mimowerasa da im
vels im dros egvipteSi ganviTrebuli movlenebis realurad danaxvis saSualebas miscems.
54
teqnologiebi
Internet Explorer 9-iT sargebloba ukve SesaZlebelia Microsoft-ma ramdenimeTviani testirebis Semdeg brauzer Internet Explorer 9-is saboloo versia gauSva. testirebis procesSi monawileobas 40 milionze meti momxmarebeli iRebda. Microsoft-is warmomadgenlemogeba miiRo. amerikaSi Kinect-is saSualo fasi 150 dolaria. internet-industriis miliarderebi msoflios yvelaze mdidari adamianebis ricxvSi, romelsac Jurnali Forbes yovelwliurad adgens, is 6 adamiani Sevida, romlebsac Facebookis Seqmnasa da ganviTarebaSi garkveuli wvlili miuZRviT. socialuri qselis damfuZnebeli da xelmZRvaneli mark cukerbergi siaSi 52-e adgils ikavebs. misi qoneba Jurnalma 13,5 miliard dolarad Seafasa. gasul wels cukerbergi 212-e poziciaze iyo 4 miliardi dolariT. liard dolars flobs. popularuli Cinuri saZiebo sistemis Baidu-s Semqmnelis robin lis angariSze 9,4 miliardia, Alibaba.com-is damfuZnebeli jek mas qoneba ki 1,6 miliard dolars Seadgens.. maTTvis, vinc oreuls eZebs maTTvis, vinc oreuls eZebs niu-iorkelma mweralma qalma kristina blumma axali gacnobis saiti Seqmna. resursi im adaminebisTvisaa gankuTvnili, romlebic eZeben partniors, romelic maT garegnulad hgavs. blumma saitis Seqmna mas Semdeg gadawyvita, rac meuRles gaSorda da Seuyvarda mamakaci, romelic mas Zalian hgavda. blumi dainteresda, Tu
bis gancxadebiT, brauzers 39 enis mxardaWera aqvs da mxolod Windows 7-is an Vista-s operaciul sistemaze muSaobs. XP-s platformisTvis igi xelmisawvdomi ar aris. brauzeris axali versiis mTavari cvlilebebi CSS3-is mxardaWera, HTML5 da Tracking Protection-isgan Tavdacvaa. amasTan, mTlianad ganaxlda brauzeris Zrava da interfeisi. Microsoft-Si acxadeben, rom Internet Explorer 9 teqstur, audio da videofailebs ufro swrafad tvirTavs. Kinect ginesis wignSi ukontaqto kontroleri Kinect, romelic Xbox 360-isTvisaa gankuTvnili, ginesis rekordebis wignSi moxvda. Microsoft-is mier Seqmnili gajeti, romelic gasuli wlis noemberSi daanonsda, gasarTob industriaSi yvelaze swrafad gayidvad mowyobilobad dasaxelda. gayidvebis dawyebidan 60 dRis Semdeg softverulma gigantma 8 milionze meti Kinect gayida da 1,5 miliard dolarze meti
Forbes-is reitingSi pirvelad moxvda Facebook-is TanadamfuZnebeli 26 wlis dastin moskovici, romelic siaSi yvelaze axalgazrda miliarderia. CamonaTvalSi dasaxeldnen 28 wlis eduardo saverini da investorebi - Son parkeri, iuri milneri da piter tili. internet-industriidan yvelaze mdidarTa siaSi Google-s damfuZneblebi sergei brini da lari peiji moxvdnen, romlebmac 24-e adgili daikaves. TiToeuli maTganis qoneba wels 17,5 miliardi dolaridan 19,8 miliard dolaramde gaizarda. Microsoft-is damfuZnebeli bil geitsi, iseve rogorc SarSan, welsac meore poziciazea da 56 mi-
ramdenad iyo damokidebuli piradi bedniereba partniorebis garegnul msgavsebaze da Sesabamisi wyvilebis moZebnac daiwyo. blumma domeni FindYourFaceMate.com ukve daaregistrira da resursis gaSvebas uaxloes momavalSi apirebs. FindYourFaceMate.com-ze Sesulma momxmareblebma sakuTari foto unda atvirTon. garegnulad msgavsi partnioris moZebnaze ki saitis sistema izrunebs.
moamzada nino natroSvilma.
55
kultura
saTno da poeturi mazoxistebi

frankofoniis kulturuli gakveTili Jan Jenes `moaxle qalebiT~
daviT buxrikiZe
meoce saukunis did poets, dramaturgsa da mwerals, Jan Jenes saqarTveloSi aSkarad ar gaumarTla. gasul wels gamomcemloba diogenem qarTul enaze franguli literaturis erT-erTi yvelaze skandaluri personis (xSirad Jenes meore markiz de sadsac uwodeben) gaxmaurebuli romani `notr-dam-de-fleri gamosca. Tumca informaciis simwires es aSkarad ver avsebs. arc misi poezia gaxda moduri da verc SesaniSnavma, ucnaurma da brutalur-poeturma piesebma aRagznes axalgazrda reJisorTa fantazia. SesaZloa, es mTargmnelTa problemacaa. romlebic verafers uxerxeben Jenes TviTmyofad, daxvewil da poeturad mdidar leqsikas. gasul wels Jenes dabadebis asi weli Seusrulda amitom safrangeTis saelCo da franguli kulturis centri swored misi saxelis reprezentacias Seecada. es tradiciul frankofoniis dReebSic aisaxa. ...marginalTa da kriminalTa mexotbe, qurdi da poeti, wmindani da wamebuli, ukompromiso da garyvnili, daxvewili da reformatori, mudam gandevnili da devnili - aseTia Jenes grafikul-poeturi portreti, romlisTvisac cixe lamis maradiul biblioTekad iqca. 15 wlisa iyo, rodesac pirvelad arasrulwlovan damnaSaveTa koloniaSi moxvda. maSin cxadia, verc kokto daudga Tavdebad da ver sartris gavlenam ixsna. mravaljer
samxscena speqtaklidan `moaxle qalebi~
nasamarTlevi mwerali da poeti gamudmebiT ubrundeba danaSaulis, codvisa da erotizmis Temebs, romlebic Tavs iyrian piesaSi `moaxle qalebi. piesa 1947 wels daiwera, daaxloebiT im dros, rodesac evropam absurdi gaicno. kerZod, ioneskosmeloti momRerali qali da beketis `godos molodinSi. Tumca Jene maTsaviT popularuli mainc ver gaxda. mxolod mogvianebiT, 60-70-ian wlebSi, studenturi mRelvarebisa da `seqsualuri revoluciis Jams gaixsenes misi piesebi reJisorebma. Jan-pol sartrma ki sqeltaniani gamokvleva uZRvna
Jenes da `wmindani da wamebuli uwoda. 60-ian wlebSi germaneli reJisoris tomas engelis mier dadgmul `moaxle qalebs (avangarduli, epataJuri satelevizo versia) germaniis federaciul respublikaSi didi diskusia mohyva. ufro metad cnobilia britaneli reJisoris, kristof mailsis filmi, romelSic mTavar rolebs SesaniSnavi msaxiobebi glenda jeksoni (solanJi) da suzana iorki (kleri) TamaSoben. Tanamedrove Svedma kompozitorma piter bengstonma ki Jenes piesis mixedviT erTaqtiani opera dawera, romelic didi warmatebiT daidga
56
foto rusTavelis Teatris arqividan
SvedeTis samefo operaSi (reJisori ranhard lici). 1988 wels mokovis Teatr satirkonSi dadgmuli moaxle qalebi sabWoeTis daisis Jams lamis revoluciurad Seafases. aRsaniSnavia, rom reJisorma roman viktiukma moaxleebis, solanJisa da kleris rolebi mamakac-msaxiobebs aTamaSa. rusTavelis Teatris eqsperimentul scenaze subtitrebiT warmod-
marginalTa da kriminalTa mexotbe, qurdi da poeti, `wmindani da wamebuli, ukompromiso da garyvnili, daxvewili da reformatori, mudam gandevnili da devnili - aseTia Jenes grafikulpoeturi portreti, romlisTvisac cixe lamis maradiul biblioTekad iqca.
genili franguli speqtakli `moaxle qalebi arafriT gamorCeul scenur gakveTils ufro hgavda. magram rogorc ityvian, sjobs gvian da frangulad, vidre arasdros da qarTulad. `piesa borotebisa da erotizmis iracionalur kavSirs asaxavs, romelic xmamaRla saubrobs SeniRbul Zaladobasa da Zlier, magram orsaxovan gmirebze - werda erT-erTi Teatraluri kritikosi `moaxle qalebis Sesaxeb . ver getyviT, ramdenad aRweven speqtaklSi `borotebisa da erotizmis sinTezs axalgazrda frangi msaxiobebi - matilda Suko (kleri) da sara suma (solanJi). Tumca
naxevrad momxibvleli sianciT, TiTqmis prozauli da ara poeturi energiiTa da monologebis kulturuli kiTxviT marTlac gamoirCevian, isini saTno da poetur mazoxistebs ufro hgvanan. aranairi reJisoruli tvinis Wyleta, an gansakuTrebuli koncefcia speqtakls ar etyoba. samagierod, igrZnobT vrceli da poeturi monologebis simZimesa Tu xibls (gansakuTrebiT ekranze titrebis kiTxvisas) da msaxiobTa duetis mier eqsperimentuli scenis aTvisebis plastikur mcdelobas. speqtaklis reJisori pieranjelo suma albaT Seecada upretenzio, poeturi da mRelvarebiT savse warmodgena daedga. sxva sakiTxia, ramdenad moaxerxa es da gaigo Tu ara misi Canafiqri mayurebelma. xolo mxatvari da scenografi Jan-pier benzekari, wiTeli da TeTri kabebis monacvleobiT da Savi kubis metaforuli datvirTviT cdilobs, am upretenzio simartives meti mxatvruli gamarTleba mouZebnos. `sevda, romelic kvaldakval momdevs, bevri ramiT im adamians mamsgavsebs, gemis daRupvisas cocxali rom darCa. dainaxavs Tu ara ialqans horizontze, Tavi ukve gadarCenili hgonia, magram ucbad gaaxsendeba, rom misi Wogritis minas defeqti aqvs - daorTqlili adgili zustad im ialqnis zomisaa, romelic moeCvena, rom dainaxa, wers Jene da ratomRac mgonia, rom scenaze gacocxlebas swored warmoudgemeneli intensivobis poeturi teqsti uSlis xels. franguli kulturis moyvarulT (da ara mxolod maT) kidev or speqtaklis naxva SeuZliaT: 4 aprils rusTavelis Teatris eqsperimentuli scena daeTmoba alber kamius piesis mixedviT dadgmul monospeqtakls `pirveli adamiani~ , xolo v 8 aprils imave scenaze warmodgenili iqneba cnobili qoreografis karolin karsonis `li & mandala~.
specialuri SeTavazeba
`kavkasiuri saxli~ usaxlod gv. 08

arsebobs Tu ara samoqalaqo sazogadoeba? gv. 08 axali konstitucia gv. 14 / 23 / 26 ledi peilinis xmauri da mZvinvareba gv. 15 ori germania gv. 17 hamarbergis ganaCeni gv. 21 `qarTuli wylis~ ofSoruli saidumlo gv. 28 yalbi yalibi _ qarxnuli ganaTleba gv. 33 ìstoriuli simarTlis komisia~ gv. 36 teleiavnana _ reketi uflis saxeliT gv. 39
fasi 2 lari
bagratis taZari mainc aRdgeba gv. 09 gvinda saakaSvili premier-ministrad? gv. 10 axali konstitucia gv. 20 ratom unda vixadoT gadasaxadebi gv. 23 prezidentis `simboluri~ saCuqrebi gv. 25 samxedro kapitani saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg gv. 29 TviTmmarTvelobasTan xelSekruli televiziebi gv. 34 qarTveli xalxi siyalbis winaaRmdeg! gv. 48
fasi 2 lari
# 42 / agvisto / 2010
# 46 / 4 - 10 oqtomberi / 2010
meqanikuri forToxali
saqvelmoqmedo eqsperimenti mozardebis tvinebze
gv. 12
sad aris opozicia? opozicia

gv. 10
gamoiwereT Jurnali `liberali~ TiTqmis naxevar fasad!
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57
qalaqSi moxetiale kacis Canawerebi
Tbilisis zRvaze
kaxa Tolordava
ramdenime dRis win me da Cemi megobari qalaqSi xangrZlivad saseirnod SevxvdiT erTmaneTs. manqana kino `saqarTvelosTan~ gavaCereT da fexiT, Temqis sasaflaos gavliT, avediT Tbilisis zRvaze. odnav qariani, Tumca mziani amindi iyo. arsad gveCqareboda, amitomac dinjad mivabijebdiT, iqaurobas vaTvalierebdiT da vsaubrobdiT Tbilisze, mis av-kargianobaze, mis problemebze. rodesac SemaRlebidan Tbilisis zRvas movkariT Tvali, orive karg xasiaTze viyaviT. seirnobam da Sinaarsianma saubarma icis xolme ase. wylis siaxloves yofnam kidev ufro agviSala saRerReli. laparak-laparakiT daveSviT daRmarTze. Cemi megobari Zalian sainteresod mixsnida, Tu ratomaa saWiro nebismier qalaqSi samecniero miRwevaTa muzeumis arseboba. amasobaSi, ukve wylis piras mivabijebdiT. mere ki, sruliad moulodnelad, sanam megobris laparaks vismendi da Tan zRvis sanapiro zols vaTvalierebdi, davinaxe i s, rac TiTqos aqamdis unda damenaxa, magram sruliad gaugebari mizezebis gamo ver davinaxe - Tbilisis zRvis amdenwliani arsebobis da qalaqis mcxovrebTaTvis misi mniSvnelobis miuxedavad, mis garSemo ar arsebobs arcerTi, vimeoreb, a r c e r T i Tundac met-naklebad saintereso, sazogado sivrcis SemoqmedebiTad da funqciurad aTvisebiT dainteresebuli adamianis idea. momismineT. sul raRac 150 sityva damrCa imisTvis, rom agixsnaT, ram SemaSfoTa ase. vxvdebi, rom viRac-viRacebi daijRaneT kidec, CagecinaT, Tvalebi gadaatrial-gadmoatrialeT, erTi CaiqirqileT da xalisiT miiReT pirvelive azri, rac Cemma sityvebma gaaCines TqvenSi, kerZod ki, ra ukvirs? ratom? ra SemoqmedebiT ideebze laparakobs? ase iyos, me axali araferi miTqvams TqvenTvis, ubralod sxvanairad davinaxe is, rac bevrad adre unda damenaxa, magram albaT dameTanxmebiT, Zalian ucnauria is, rom qalaqis siaxloves arsebul rekreaciul zonaSi (Tanac ra karg, lamaz da Zalian mniSvnelovan zonaSi) wlebis ganmavlobaSi qarvelebma absoluturad v e r a f e r i avaSeneT, CavdgiT, CavaWedeT, wamovWimeT an CamovkideT (vgulisxmob s a e r T o keTildReobisaTvis aucilebel qmedebebs), mokled veraferi SevqmeniT imisTvis, rom CvenTvis da sxvebisTvisac dagvenaxvebina Cveni mimarTeba Tavisufal drosTan, aseTi drois x a r i s x i s Cvenebur gagebasTan da garemos-
Tan morgebis mcdelobasTan. Tu SeiZleba, nurafers metyviT àbezalovka~ gamwvanebebze, kinkila `prestiJul~ iaxt klubebze da Temqis plaJze, sadac zafxulobiT a m d e n i adamiani ireva da romelic swored rom yvelaze kargi magaliTia im pulsisamomgdebi SemoqmedebiTi, administraciuli, finansuri Tu sxva saxis ubadrukobisa, razec axla vsaubrob. nu daiviwyebT, Tbilisis siaxloves kidev ori tbaa da orives mxolod swrafi f u l i s SovniT dainteresebuli adamianis xeli etyoba.
bevrs aRar gavagrZeleb, Tumca Tu Cem mier SemoTavazebul azrs gahyvebiT, Tundac cnobismoyvareobis gamo, Zalian advilad moxvdebiT im velSi, saidanac kargad dainaxavT, rom am teqstSi me marto Tbilisis zRvaze ar vsaubrobdi.
saxlSi dabrunebulma, saswrafod avakakune Cemi kompiuteris klaviatura da virtualurad erTxel kidev Sevxvdi im or did rezervuars, sadac namyofi var, - Jenevis da miCiganis tbebs. ara, araferi SemSlia, orive tbis sanapiroebs etyoba (orives Taviseburad), Tu rogor aRiqvamen Tavisufal dros Sveicarielebi da amerikelebi. orive tbis sanapiro zols sakuTari saarsebo sivrcis SemoqmedebiTi aTvisebiT dainteresebuli adamianis Z a l i s x m e v a etyoba. Cveni imdRindeli gaseirnebis Semdeg me da Cemi megobari erTmaneTs ar SevxvedrivarT, mxolod telefoniT velaparakebiT erTmaneTs da yoveli Cveni saubari erTi da imave sityvebiT iwyeba xolme, - àrc erTi i d e a, amis deda vatire, a r c e r T i idea!~
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ლიბერალი, მარტი 2011

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ლიბერალი, მარტი 2011

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liberali . marti 2011 .

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

# 68 / 21-27 marti / 2011

foTis porti. marti 2011

garekanze: SeZruli iaponia

Jurnali `liberali~ gamoicema fond `Ria sazogadoeba _ saqarTvelos~ mxardaWeriT.

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

foto Temo barZimaSvili

mewamoris atomuri eleqtrosadguri - safrTxe mTeli regionisTvis

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

daculi stilis sazogadoeba

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

daZabuloba sparseTis yureSi

samTavrobo kvireuli parlamentSi

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

prezidentis viziti StatebSi

yvelaze saxifaTo reaqtorebis xuTeuli

ruseTis adgilobrivi arCevnebi

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

unda gaizardos Tu reklamis ra

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

mowinaaRmdege Tamar korZaia axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia

ara satelevizio aodenoba?

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

foto io iung haki / REUTERS

miwisZvriT da cunamiT daziane

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

ebul saxlebs boli asdiT. sendai, iaponia, 12 marti 2011.

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

foto kiodo / REUTERS

ratom ar aris fukuSima Cernobili?

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

axla qari okeanisken qris da tokios safrTxe ar emuqreba

bunebrivi kataklizmebiT gamowveuli nangrevebi. kesenuma, 17 marti, 2011

11. 03. 2011

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

foto kim kiung huni / REUTERS

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

velosipedisti miwisZvriT dazaralebul raionSi. kesenuma, 17 marti, 2011

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

foto kim kiung huni / REUTERS

fukuSima evropis birTvul programebs aCerebs

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

foto kiodo / REUTERS

momitingeebis Crdilebi grafitize warweriT: `wadi. kadafi=vampiri~. Tobruki 15 marti 2011

kadafi: `Tu msoflio SeiSleba, arc Cven davrCebiT valSi~

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

foto asmaa vagui / REUTERS

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

didi risxvis dRe?

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

opoziciis saprotesto aqcia, baqo, 12 marti 2011

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

foto stringeri / REUTERS

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

mixail xodorkovski sakuTar sasamarTlo procesze. 10 marti 2010

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

foto aleqsandr natruskini / REUTERS

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

liberali . marti 2011 . 68

donald trampi meuRlesTan erTad.