hils

Wheel Alignment

fudagr r:hl iqlaldk moaO;sh myiqfjka yeisru" wl%uj;a f,i ghr f.hdu
je<lau" r:h me;a;lg weu jeks fodaI msgqoelSu jeks lreKq i|yd r:fha ,a
t<hskauka ksj/j mj;ajd .ekqu b;d jeo.;af' kqf.af.dv frdg Tfgdaf%kska
wdh;kfha mdGud,djgo fuu Ih we;=,;a w;r ta i|yd ksl=;ajk ksnkaOk fuys olajd
;sf'

hils

,a t,hskauka
Wheel alignment
fudagr r:hl ,a t,hskua ka hkqfjka iSreudre
lsysmhla is lrk w;r ta i|yd ixlSrK WmlrK fhdod
.ekqugo isfjhs' fuu iSreudrejka ksIamdolhska iska
imhd we;s w.hkag fjkiaj msys g ghr f.u jeu"
jdykh me;a;lg weu" iqlaldku ;o u" jx.= .ekSf
r:fha md,kh .s,sys hdu jeks fodaI /ila we;s fjhs' ta
wkqj r:hl t,hskauka iSreudrej b;d jeo.;a jk w;r
fuu ish iSreudrej,ska n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka fudkjdhs
uq,skau jgyd .ksuq'

iq ke ksid fuu t,hskauka fjkiah yels w;r tys

kej;;a fmr ;;ajhg r:h m;alr .ekqug fuu fldaK
iq jYfhka fjkia lr .ekqug myiql ksIamdolhska
iska r:hl we;s lr ;sfnhs' fuu fldaK fjkia
mCIdjg iy tajd ksj/ lsug fYaI WmlrK ksmojd
we;s w;r tu ldhH_h wm ykajkafka t,hskaka
mCIdj iy iSreudrej f,isks' ,a t,hskauka mCIdj
fyda iSreudre lsu wOHhkhg fmr fuu ,a t,hskauka
hkqfjka mCId lrk yev ;, iy fldaK fudkjdo hkak;a
tajdfha wjYH;djh;a jgyd ish hq;=h'
r:hl lenr fldaKh" leiagr fldaKh iy fgda
bka$ fgda wjq mCIdj iy iSreudrej t,hsuka
mCIdjg uQ,sl f,i wh;a fjhs' f w;=ka ghr
f.hdug fukau r:h me;a;lg weug uQ,sl f,i fya;=
jk lenr fldaKh ms,sn|j wo ,smsfhka oekqj;a fjuq'
lenr fldaKh (CAMBER)
ZERO CAMBER

cHd;sl
uOH frLdj

,afia
^ju&

,afia
^ol=K&

Odjkfha frdao t,hskauka msysh hq;= whqre

fudagr r:hla iemmyiqjg fukau tys fldgia
j, meje;aug ys;lr wdldrhg Odjkh lsug k tys
frdao i;r msysh hq;= wdldrh by; olajd ;sfnhs' fuh
r:h iDcqju bhg Odjkh jk wjia:djls' tys r:fha
cHd;sl uOH frLdjg (Geometric center line)
iudka;r .;j r:fha frdao i;r msysh hq;=h' iqlaldk
,h yueo msysh hq;=h' jmi iy ol=Kq mi ,afia
r (Wheelbase) tl iudk h hq;=h' fu Kq mdGdxl
iqjYfhka fyda fjkia u r:fha idudkH Odjkh fjkia
lrhs' flfia fyda fld;r fyd| fldgia fhdod ksrudKh
l,o fudagr r:hla l l,la Odjkh lsfuka miq
Odjkfha fuu yev;, iy fldaK fjkiaulg ,la h
yel' kq moaO;sfha yev fjkia u" foda,k moaO;sfha iy
iqlaldk moaO;sfha fnda,a fcdhska jeks fldgia f.hdu"
fndfha fyda fpisfha we;sfjk iq iq ke" l%ela
ksido fuu ;;ajh we;sh yelsh'
frdao y;fr mej;sh hq;= yev;, tk fldaK
fmdf .;ag ,a t,hskauka hkqfjka yekafjhs' fmr
i|yka jQ wdldrfha f.hd iy fpisfha we;sfjk iq

NEGATIVE CAMBER

(B)
(A)
r:fha lenr fldaKh fjkia jkwhqre
Odjkfha r:hl frdao fuu A igyk whqre
fmd<jg ,Nlj msysh hq;=h' tu.ska ghrhl udr.h
yd inkaO jk mDIaGfha iEu ;eklau tlu whqka r:fha
nr ord ishs' ta wkqj ghrfha f. hdu tys iEu ;eklu
tlu whqka is fjhs' tfy;a f wdldrhg fmd<jg
,Nlj isk f,i ghrh iSreudre lr ;snqkfyd;a r:hg
nr fhdok g B igyk whqre ghr fomig ysfuka
ghr we;=,;ska odrhla f,i f. hdu isfjhs' fuf,i
ghrh by,ska we;=,g fkrd hdu fldaKhla f,iska lah
yels w;r tu fldaKh Negative Camber f,iska
yekafjhs' ta wkqj A igyfka olajd we;s msySf ghr
,Nlj msysgd we;s fyhska th Zero Camber f,iska
yekafjhs' fuf,i jdykhg fhfok nr wkqj lenr
fldaKh iDk w.hla .ekSu iy tu.ska ghr f. hdu
je<elaug fh Wml%uhla my; igyfkka olajd ;sfnhs'
fuys olajd we;s whqre
POSITIVE CAMBER
r:hg nrla fh fkdue;s
wjia:dj, b frdao by<ska
msg;g h iq m%udKhla
fkrd isk f,i tk lenr
w.h Ok w.hla .kakd f,i
ilia lsfuka r:hg nr
lenr fldaKh ilia fhkq g fuhg fmr A
l, hq;= whqre
igyfka olajd we;s wdldrhg
lenr fldaKh 0 w.hla f.k ghr mDIaGh tl yd iudk
f,i udr.h yd inkaO fuka ghr f.hdu tl yd
iudk whqka isfjhs'

fuh hils 23 l,dmfhka Wmqgd .kakd ,oaols'

hils
r:hl b frdao
lenr fldaKh ksIamdok
iud.u iska ,nd we;s
kq w.hkag wkqj b;d
ksj/j iSreudre lr .ekqu
b;d jeo.;a fjhs' fuf,i
lenr fldaKh fjkia u
je/ lenr fldaKh ksid ks i d ghrhl f.hdu
ghr f.fjk whqre
widudk f,i is we;s
wdldrh fuu igyfkkao olajd we;' f ksidu lenr
fldaKh Tire -ware angle kkao yekafjhs' fuf,i
lenr fldaKh fjkia u u; r:hla me;a;lg wehduo
ish yel' ta flfiaoehs wjfndaO lr .ksuq'
wms <ud ld,fha mrK ghr ;,a lrka tk
ghr .ika fkdao jqkq wdldrh uola is;d n,kak' tfia
ghr ;,a lrka hdf wmg ghrfha .uka u. fjkia
lsug wjYH jQ g lrkq ,enqf lerflk ghrh
me;a;lska w; ;nd wjYH .Kkg we, lsuhs' f wkqj
r:hl lenrh hkqfjka wm woyia lrkafkao ghrh
me;a;lg we, lsu neka ta fya;=fjka r:h me;a;lg
we hdu wksjdrhfhkau is h hq;=h' tfy;a b ghr
fol fuf,i we, lr we;af;a tlu idjlg fkdjk neka
tla ghrhlska r:h jug weof.k hdug W;aidy lrk
g wfkla ghrh tu m%udKfhkau r:h ol+Kg weof.k
hdug W;aidy .kshs' tys m%;sM,h r:h tla me;a;lgj;a
we fkdf.dia bhg .uka lsuhs' tfy;a fuu lenr
fldaKh ghr fofla tlsfklg fjkia k r:h tla
me;a;lg wehdu ish yelsh'
fld;r ksj/ f,i lenr fldaKh ilia l,;a
r:hla Odjkfha fuu lenr fldaKh tla tla wdldrhg
fjkia fjhs' th ghr f.hdug fnfyka fya;= ldrl
fjhs' fuf,i ksj/j lenr fldaKh ilia l,o r:hla
Odjkfha th fjkia jk wjia:d lsysmhla we;s w;r ta
ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq lruq'

jx.= .ekSf lenr fldaKh fjkia u

fuys olajd we;af;a Odjkfha we;s r:hla jug
yrjk wjia:djla jk w;r tys r: fndh ol=Kq mig
we,ulg ,lafjhs' tys r: fndh ol+Kq miska my;a
u iy j miska ti ksid ol=Kq mi frdaoh fk.
lenr jk w;r j mi ghrh fmdis lenr njg
m;afjhs' f lenr fldaKh fjkia jk tla wjia:djls'

fk.
lenr

.eg
(A)

0-lenr
Zero Camber

fmdis
lenr

j,
(B)

lenr fldaKh fjkia h yels idudkH wjia:d

lenr fldaKh ksj/j ilid ;snqk;a th
Odjkfha fjkia jk ;j;a wdldrhla fuys olajd we;'
by; A igyfkka olajd we;af;a r:hl frdaohla .egla
Wka .uka lsf frdaoh tiu ksid tys ;sh hq;=
fmdis lenr fldaKh fk. lenr flaKhla njg
m;aj we;s wdldrhhs' B igyfkka olajd we;af;a fuu
frdaohu j,lg jefgk g tys ;sh hq;= fmdis lenr
fldaKh wjYH w.hg jvd jejk wdldrhhs'
fndfyda udr. ueka ti fomiska my;a lr ;su
ksido we,jQ me;a;g r:fha nr je fuka lenr fldaKh
fjkia h yelsh' f ksid we;e ksIamdol jreka iska
tu we, mj;sk me;af;a b frdaofha lenr fldaKh
wxYl 1$4 lska muK je lr ;sfnhs' fYaIfhkau
weulka jdyk j, fuu fjki oelsh yel' tfukau ;j;a
ksIamdok iud. u.ska hre isk me;af;a frdaofha
lenr fldaKh f wdldrhg iq jYfhka je lrkq
,nhs' thg fya;=j fudagr r: je jYfhkau hre
muKla Odjkh lrk ksid tu me;af;a frdao j,g je
nrla fhfok neks'
r:hl kq wd;;sh
wvq u jeks fjkia l
hgf;a lenr fldaKh iq
jYfhka fjkia u idudkH
fohls' fuys lenr fldaKh
iSreudre lsug myiql
i,id ;sfuka tu wvqmdvqj
ilid.; yelsfjhs' fuys
r:
rduqj
olajd we;af;a tf,i lenr
Is mela
fldaKh ilik tla l%uhla
jk w;r tys Is wvqje
lenrh iSreudre
lrk tla wdldrhla
lr fldkafg%da,a wdr tl
fomig f.k hdfuka lenr fldaKh wvq fyda je l,
yel' tfy;a we;e ksIamdolhska fuu lenr fldaKh
iSreudre lsug l%uhla imhd ke;s neka ldrlhska iska
iiafmkaIka moaO;sfha weK isre mS .d isre f,dl= lr
tu iSreudrej ilik wjia:d oelsh yelsf' <
l,dmfhka f wdldrhgu leiagr fldaKh ms<sn|j

oekqj;a fjuq'
fldkafg%da,a wdr ^by<&

fuh hils 23 l,dmfhka Wmqgd .kakd ,oaols'

hils

,a t,hskauka
Wheel alignment
leiagr /Caster fldaKh
fudagr r:hl iqll
a dk moaO;sh wvq wdhdYhlska
ls%hdlrug;a wiudk whqka ghr f.hdu je<laug;a
frdao i jk lenr" leiagr" fgda bka iy lskamska
bkala,sfkaIka hk fldaK b;d ksj/j ;sh hq;=fjhs' f
w;=ka lenr fldaKh ms<sn|j .shjr l,dmfhka ia;r
jQ w;r iqlaldk md,kh myiq lrjk leiagr fldaKh
ms<sn|j fuu ,smsfhka ia;r flfr'
fudagr r:hl leiagr fldaKh wOHhkh lsug
fmr wm wjg mirfhau th fhdod .efkk wjia:d
lsysmhla wOHhkhg .ekSfuka f ms<sn|j fyd|
wjfndaOhla ,nd.; yelsh' my; lafjkafka ta i|yd jQ
ksoiqka lsysmhls'
n,h

n,h

(A)

n,h

(B)

(C)

leiagr fldaKh ksid frdaohla t<u myiqjk whqre

by; igyfka olajd we;af;a ,Sjr oKavla il,
frdaohla ;,a lrf.k hdug ork W;aidy ;=kls' fuf,i
ilid.;a ir, ksrudK iu. l=vd <uhska fi,a, lrkq
wms fldf;l=;a oel we;af;uq' fuys th by; A igyk
whqre wms lsis fgl;a ;,a lsug W;aidy fkd.kafkuq'
ukao th w;g uy;a wmyiqjla jk neks' by; B fyda
C igyka whqre th meof tu wmyiqj u. ye hhs'
thskao jvd;a wmg myiq jkafka by; B igyk whqre we,
lr tu ,Sjr oKav bhg ;,a lsuhs'
idudkH nhsisl,hlo
(A)
frdao ie,iq lsf fmr
igyfka wdldrhg th
meou myiq lrjk
wdldrhg b f*dala w;
ilia lr ;sfnkq wmg oelsh
yelsh' fuu A igyk whqre
fuu b frdaoh ilia l,
fyd;a tu.ska we;sfjk
wmyiq;d lsysmhlau wmg
is;d.; yel' tys frdaoh
(B)
f%la lrk g nhsisl,fha
.ej ;snQ pd,l Yla;sh
nhsisl,hl leiagr fldaKh ,Sjrh by<ska bhg
fhdod .efkk whqre
ls%hdlr fuu
nhsisl,h

miqmiska ti bhg isu isfjhs' tfy;a tu B

igyk whqre th ilia l, g tjka ;;ajhla we;s fkdf'
tfukau nhsisl,h meou fukau yeruo b;d myiq
fjhs'
nhsisl,hl muKla
fkdj TV iagEka tll tfia;a
ke;ak frday,a we|l jqjo
frdao ilrk g fuu l%uh
fhdod .efkk nj fuys jmi
igyfkka jgyd.; yelsh'
fuu fYaI yevh iys;
frda o hla wms yka j ka f ka
leiagr ,a tlla f,isks' fuys
l=vd fg%d,s j, fhfok
we;s leiagr fldaKh ksid th
leiagr frdaohla
ilrk ,o frday,a we|l fyda fjk;a wdldrhl fg%d,shl
nr (B) fuu frdaoh uOHhg n, fkdmEu ksid th ;,a
lsu b;d myiq fjhs' tf,i th ;,a lrk idj
fkdfjkiaj mj;ajd .ekSuo tu fldaKh u.skau isfjhs'
fuf;la W.;a lreKq hgf;a frdaohl leiagr
yevh fudagr r:hl b frdao i|yd b;d jeo.;a fjhs'
ukao leiagr fldaKhla fkdue;sj frdao ,Nlj il,
g tys tkaf nr fhkq g r:h yeru wmyiq u
fukau r:fha t<jqu ,nduo wmyiq jk neks' ta wkqj
fudagr r:hl jqjo b frdao fol .;a g r:fha nr
tu ,a tl uOHhg ,nl f,i ls%hd fkdlrk whqre uola
we, lr il, hq;= fjhs' th r:fha t<jqu muKla fkdj
iqlaldk md,kho myiq lrjhs' r:hl leiagr fldaKh
kka wms ykajkafka fuu b frdao ij we;s
welai,fha fyda fnda,a fcdhska u.ska we;s lr we;s we,
lsuhs'
fmdis
leiagr

fmdis leiagr fldaKh ielfik whqre

iEu fudagr r:hlu mdfya leiagr fldaKh by;
igyk m fmdis leiagr f,i ilikq ,efnhs'
fmdis leiagr hkq ghrfha ,nl frLdf by<ska
miqmig tfia;a ke;ak tys my<ska bhg frdaoh ijk
lska mska tl fyda fnda,a fcdhska fol hdlrk frLdj
msysgk f,i leiagr fldaKh ieliSuhs' f wkqj r:fha
nr frdao uOHhg fhko tys t<jqu thg uola bfhka
isfjhs' fuh iqlaldku lerlug fhh hq;= fjfyi wvq
lrhs' tfiau Odjkfha frdaoh tl t,af,a .uka lrugo
Wmld fjhs'

fuh hils 24 l,dmfhka Wmqgd .kakd ,oaols'

hils

(A)
(B)
fk. leiagr fldaKh ielfik whqre
leiagr fldaKh r:hla yeisru myiq lrkjd fiau
th fhdod fkd.;fyd;a r:fha b iiafmkaIka moaO;sfha
fldgiaj,g ydks f.k uo isfjhs' fuh b;d ir, f,iska
jgyd .ekqug by; igyka fol fhdod .; yel' fuys
A igyfkka olajd we;af;a wm mekai,hla w,a,k idudkH
wdldrh jk w;r tyso mekai,h yeisrug wms leiagr
fldaKhla fhdod .kafkuq' tfia fkdue;sj th wms ,Nl
f,i f.k B igyk whqre Nd;d l,fyd;a mekai,h
yeisru wmyiqjk w;ru mekai,a ;=v le hduo ks;r
ks;r isfjhs' r:hlo fuu lreKq f f,igu b frdao
folg n,mdk w;r fuys mekai,a ;=v lehdu fjkqjg
tys lskamska tlg fyda tu fiajdj ,ndfok fnda,a fcdhska
j,g ydks isu isfjhs'
leiagr fldaKh iSreudre lsu
leiagr fldaKho lenr fldaKh fuka iSreudre
lsug iEu r:hlu myiql i,id ke;' fujeks r:j,
fuu fldaKh fjkia we;ak thg fya;= jQ fldgi fyda
fpisfha weou ksj/ lsu l< hq;= fjhs' tfy;a Wiia
;dCIKfhka hq;a fndfyda r:j, fuu iSreudrej i|yd bv
i,id ;sfnhs' tjka ksrudK folla my; oelafjhs'

Is mela
Shim pack

fk. leiagr fldaKh ielfik whqre

fuys olajd we;af;a fk. leiagr l%uhhs'
fuys fmr wdldrhg reoaO f,i tk frdaofha ,nl
frLdj by<ska bhg;a my<ska miq mig;a isk f,i
frdaoh ord isk lskamska tl fyda fnda,a fcdhska msysgd
;sf' f wkqj fuhg fmr fmdis leiagr l%ufha
frdaoh ;,a lsu is jqj;a fuys is jkafka frdaoh
weof.k hduls' f w;=ka Odjkfha r:fha t,jqu ,ndu
jvd;a idr:lj is jkafka fmdis leiagr l%ufha jqj;a
iqlaldku yeisru jvd;a myiq jkafka fk. leiagr
l%ufhah' ta wkqj m<,ska je ghr fhdok jdyk j,
iqlaldk myiqj we;s lsug fuu fk. leiagr l%uh
fhdok wjia:d oelsh yelsh'
leiagr fldaKh ghr f.hdu flfrys n,
mEula we;s fkdl,o fmdis leiagr fldaKhla jvd;a je
jQ g iqlaldku yeru wmyiq lrjhs' f ksid uekqj,a
iahka l%u j, leiagr fldaKh wvqlr ;nk w;r we;e
wjia:dj, iq jYfhka fk. lrk wjia:do lsh
yelsh' fuu ;;ajh m%fhdackhg f.k mjr iahka l%u
j, fmdis leiagr fldaKh uola jelr t<hsuka
fldaK w.hka ;nk w;r thg fya;=j uola uid n,uq'
wm yefudau is;d iskafka w;g myiqjla we;s
lsug mjr iahka l%uh fhdok njls' tfy;a nr jdyk
i|yd mjr iahka fhf tys wruqK w;g myiqjla
we;s lsu jqj;a ieye,a tfukau f.fhka .uka lrk
fudagr r: i|yd th fhfokafka by< f.fha iqlaldku
w;g wmyiq lr wdrCIdj je lsuhs' ukao by<
f.fha iqlaldku w;g ieye,a jqjfyd;a href.a iq
p,khlska jqjo iqlaldku yerfjk iq fjkfika uy;a
kdYhla we;sh yels neks' mjr iahka fhdod ke;s
Yd, niar: mjd nyq,j ;sh b;d l=vd ieye,a r:j,
mjr iahka fhdod we;af;a fuf,i by< f.fha w;g
wmyiqj je lsugh' fuys iqlaldk moaO;sh w;g
wmyiqjk wdldrhg ksrudKh flfrk w;r tys r:fha
wvq f.fha iqlaldku jvd;a wmyiqjk neka tys
muKla mjr iahka ls%hd;aul jk f,i ilid ;sf' f
wkqj r:fha f.h jejk g mjr iahka l%uh wlS%h
jk neka tys ksrudKfhka ,nd ka iqlaldk wmyiqj
hgf;a r:h wdrCIdld f,i Odjkh l, yelsfjhs' fuys
fuu iqlaldk wmyiqj ,ndug fmdis leiagr fldaKh
je lr ;eu we;e r:j, fhdod .efka'

fk. leiagr

leiagr fldaKh iSreudre flfrk tla wdldrhla

fuys olajd we;af;a Isia (Shims) udre lr
leiagr fldaKh iSreudre lsug ilid we;s r:hl b
jmi frdaoh by<ska fmfkk wdldrhhs' miq.h
s l,dmfhka
oelajQ wdldrhg lenr fldaKh ilia l, Isia u.ska
fuys leiagr fldaKho ielish yelsfjhs' fuys fmdis
leiagr w.h je lsug l<hq;= jkafka b Is mela
tfla Isia je lr miqmi Is mela tfla Isia wvq lsuhs'
tg fuu wdr tl B;,fhka olajd we;s whqre by<ska
miqmig .uka lsfuka leiagr fldaKfha fmdis w.h
je f' tfy;a tu.ska ilik ,o lenr fldaKh fjkia
fkdf'

fuh hils 24 l,dmfhka Wmqgd .kakd ,oaols'

hils

kk fudagrr: ;dCIl
mdGud,dj-1
frdg Tfgda f%kska fikagr - kqf.af.dv'

bh

b.aksIka moaO;s

(A)

leiagr
iSreudrej

(B)

lenr
iSreudrej

 neg fldhs,a b.aksIka

 bf,lafg%dksla vqfj,a wEka.,a fldkafg%da,a
 g%dkaisiagr fldhs,a b.aksIka
 bf,lafg%dksla iamdrla wejdkaia
 lemEisgr iapd b.aksIka
 bf,lafg%dksla fkdla fldkafg%da,a
 ia%hqfrgr rys; b.aksIka
 FEI b.aksIka moaO;s
bkaOk moaO;s ^fmg%,a&








K-fcfg%dksla
L-fcfg%dksla
MPI -bkafclaIka
KA -fcfg%dksla
LH -fcfg%dksla
GDI- bkafclaIka








KE- fcfg%dksla

fudfkd fcfg%dksla
frkslaia bkafclaIka
D-fcfg%dksla
bf,lafg%dksla ldhqfrgria
SPI bkafclaIka

tkaka md,k moaO;s

flakaSh tciagr u.ska lenr iy leiagr fldaK

folu tljr iSreudre lsu
fuys olajd we;af;a lenr iy leiagr fldaKh
iSreudre lrk ;j;a wdldrhls' my< fldkafg%da,a wdr tl
iSreudre lr tyd fuyd f.khdu ;=,ska fuh is flfr'
fuys fnda,a fcdhska tl fl,ska we;s flakaSh tciagrh
(B) lenr fldaKh iSreudre lsug fhdod .efka' ukao
tu flakaSh fldgi lerlSf fldkafg%da,a wdr tl yria
w;g tyd fuyd hdfuka lenr fldaKh fjkiajk neks'
f wdldrhgu b tciagrh (A) fnda,a fcdhska tlg
jvd;a bfhka msysu ksid tu.ska fldkafg%da,a wdr tl
bhg yd miqmig f.k hdfuka frdaoh yefrk w;r
tu.ska leiagr fldaKh iSreudre l, yelsf' flfia kuq
wo ksmofjk fndfyda r: jr. fuf,i lenr iy
leiagr fldaK iSreudre lsug yels f,i ksrudKh
fkdlrk nj fmr i|yka h'
kg wms ,a t,hsuka j, b;d jeo.;ajk
fldaK foll wjYH;djh iy tajd iSreudre lrk wdldrh
wjfndaO lr iskafkuq' f wdldrhgu < l,dmfhka
fgda bka iy wjq ms<sn|j ia;r flfrkq we;'

hils miq.sh l,dm ,nd .ekqug

1' t'' .=Kfiak iy iud.u iy YdLd
2' fiks;a m%hsf ,sg- jhs't''ta fnd/,a,
3' iri fmd;a y, -kqf.af.dv we;= YdLd
4' iuQd fmd;ay, - l=reKE.,
5' iisrs fmd;ay,- uyr.u
6' Odrd bf,lafg%dkslaia-fkd'443" fldgqf.dv mdr" iSj
iSudiys; t'' .=Kfiak iy iud.f ishu YdLdfj;ska
fuu miq.sh l,dm ,nd.ekSf myiql i,id we;'














,evd laf,daia ma fldkafg%da,a

leg,sla lkajrgr ^fmg%,a&
leg,sla lkajrgr ^i,a&
tlaiafydaia .Eia ilHqf,aIka (EGR)
tlaiafyaia .Eia fglafkdf,
bf,lafg%dksla .jkr isiag
whs,ska iage,hsiska a
g,a whs,ska iage,hsiska (DIS)
fhn,a jE,a ghska
fhn,a bka, ueksf*da,a
grfnda wekas iqmr pdka
yS f iqmr p
dka

fuu mdGud,dj ilia lr we;af;a idudkH fudagr r:

oekqula we;s ldrlhska yg Wiia fudagr r: ;dCIKh
,ndugh' mdGud,dj yeug wjYH oHq;a bf,lafg%dksl
oekqu mdGud,dj wdrNfhau ,nd fohs' fuu mdGud,dj
imQrK l, ldrlhska yg muKla fuys fojk mdGud,dj
yeug iqiq l ,nk w;r tu mdGud,djg bf,lafg%dksla
md,k i,a moaO;s" Tfgda .shr jdhqilrK" ABS,ASR jeks
b;d jeo.;a Ihka /ila we;=,;aj ;sfnhs'
fiajfha ksh;
q = ldrlhska yg myiqjk m fuu mdGud,dj
iji 6'15 isg 8'15 olajd kqf.af.dv frdg Yd,dfo mj;ajdf.k
hkq ,ef' udi 8 l mdGud,djla jQ fuh i|yd fuu ldrlhska
yg f.h hq;af;a uilg remsh,a 350$- la jQ uqo,ls'
< mdGud,dj 2004 foienr 2 jk k wdrN jk w;r
th iEu n%yiam;skaod klu iji 6'15 isg 8'15 olajd kqf.af.dv
frdg Yd,df meje;af' tk iji 6''00 g fkdf,a
meje;afjk wdrNl foaYkhg miqjo mdGud,djg we;=,;a
h yelsh' my; i|yka ,smskhg ,smskh iys; ,shq ljrhla
tjd wh m;la f.kajd.; yelsh'
frdg Wiia fudagr r: ;dCIK mdGud,dj"
407$15 iu.s udj;" Wvyuq,a," kqf.af.dv'

fuh hils 24 l,dmfhka Wmqgd .kakd ,oaols'

Tel: 2835030

hils

,a t,hskauka
fgda bka $ fgda wjq
fudagr r:hl ,a t,hskauka hkqfjka m%Odk
iSreudre ;=kla is lrk w;r tu w.hka r: jr.fhka
jr.hg fjkia fjhs' ta ta r: jr.hg .e<fmk iSreudre
fldaK w.hka ksIamdolhska iska imhd we;s w;r tajd
fjkiau ;=,ska ghr me;a;lska f.hdu" iqlaldku ;o
u" r:h yeisru wmyiq u fukau r:fha meoa
moaO;sfha fldgia blaukska f.hduo isfjhs' fuu
iSreudre w;=ka lenr iy leiagr fldaK fol ms<sn|j
fmr l,dm foflka ia;r flreKq w;r fgda bka iy fgda
wjq fldaK ms<sn|j <g wjfndaO lr .ksuq'
fndfyda r:j, lenr" leiagr hk fldaK
iSreudre lsug myiq l ,nd fkd;snqk;a fgda- bka fyda
fgda-wjq iSreudre lsug myiql iEu r:hlgu ,nd
;sfnhs' uq,skau fgda-bka fyda fgda-wjq iSreudrej hkq
l=ulaoehs jgyd isuq'

(A)
(B)
r:hl fgda-bka iy fgda-wjq ieliqu
by; igyfka olajd we;af;a b frdao foflys
fgda-bka fyda fgda-wjq fldaKh ielfik whqrehs' fuys
fgda (Toe) hkq frdaofha bhhs' by; A igyk whqre
r:fha b frdao fol b miska we;=,g f.k we;ak
th Toe-in f,io B igyk whqre frdao fol bfhka
fomig f.k we;ak th Toe-out f,io yekafjhs' wo
fudagr r: jr. fndfyduhla b frdao fgda bka f,i
ilik w;r r: jr. iq m%udKhl muKla fgda wjq
f,i ilia lsu isf' thg fya;=j uq,skau jgyd .ksuq'
fuu igyfka olajd
we;af;a wm iska fuhg fmr
,nl frLdj
wOHhkh l, lenr
fldaKhhs' fuf,i frdaohla
lenr
me;a;lg we, l, g th
fldaKh
we, l, idjg ye .uka
lsu wms ljqre;a okakd fohls'
thg fyd|u ksoiqk
l=vd
<uhska ghr meof ghrh
yerug wjYH jQ g th
me;a;lg we, lsuhs' ta
lenr yevh frdaoh
wkqj fuf,i fmdis lenr
yerug fya;=u

f,i ilia l, r:hla Odjkfha frdao fol y fl,ska

.uka fkdlr fomig hdug W;aidy lrhs' tk fgda wjq
;;ajhg m;afjhs' fuf,i ghr bfhka fomig wE;a
ug W;aidy .ekqu r:fha iqug Odjkhg ndOdjla fukau
ghr tla milg we;s,a,S hdugo fya;=fjhs' th j<lajd
.ekqug b frdao r:fha uOH cHd;sl frLdjg
iudka;r.;j fkd;nd frdao bfhka we;=,g f.k fgda
bka f,i ilia flfr'
(B)

(A)

fgda bka fjkiau u; ghr f.hdu wl%u;a u

ksh; whqre fgda bka iSreudrej ilia fkdlsu
fya;=fjka ghr we;s,a,S hdulg ,laj th widudkH
wdldrhg f.hk wdldrh by; igyk u.ska olajd
;sfnhs' fuu A igyfkka olajd we;af;a ksh; iq,x mSvkh
hgf;a ish t<hskauka fldaK ksj/j ilia l, g
tl iudk f,iska ghr mDIaGh f.hk wdldrhhs' fuu
t<hskauka iSreudre w;=ka fgda- bka muKla fjkia jQ
g isjk we;s,a,Su hgf;a lsh;l oe;s msysgk wdldrhg
ghr f.hk wdldrh B igyfkka olajd ;sfnhs' fuf,i
fgda bka fjkia jQ r:hl ghrhla odr ms uefuka fgda
bka fjkia nj muKla fkdj tu fjki fgda bka ksido
tfia;a ke;ak fgda wjq ksido hkak;a jgyd.; yelsfjhs'

la,Ema

la,Ema

hq

fgda -bka$wjq w.hka iSreudre lrk wdldrh

r:hl ;sh hq;= fgda bka w.h ksIamdolhska
iska imhd we;s w;r r:fha iqlaldk moaO;ssfha ghs frd
tkaia j,ska th iSreudre lrkq ,ef' by; igyfka olajd
we;s whqre fuys fuu hq tl fofl<jr la,Ema fol
uq,skau nqre,a lr.; hq;= w;r bka miq igyfka olajd we;s
wdldrhg hq tl tla w;lg lerlSf frd tl .=
fukao wfkla w;g lerlSf th fl fukao fgda
w.h bka fyda wjq f,i fjkiaa lr.; yelsh' ,a
t<hskauka ms<sn|j ;j rg;a lreKq < l,dmfhkao
bm;a jkq we;'

fuh hils 25 l,dmfhka Wmqgd .kakd ,oaols'

hils

,a t,hskauka
fgda bka $ fgda wjq
lskamska we, fldaKh Kingping Inclination

fuu

,sms fm< wdrNfhau ,a t,hskauka

m%Odk jYfhka fldgia y;rlg fnod olajk ,o w;r bka
lenr" leiagr" fgda bka iy fgda wjq ms<sn|j wms kg
wOHhkh wjika lr we;af;uq' fuys b;sj we;s lskamska
we, fldaKh (Kingpin inclination) r:fha iqlaldku y
ueo ;nd .ekqug;a tu.ska r:h me;a;lg wehdulska
f;drj bhg .uka lrug;a Wo jkakls' r:h
Odjkfha iqlaldku yerfuka miq th iajhxlS%hju uq,a
msysug tk tys uOHhg f.k tau fuu.ska isfjhs' f
i|yd b frdao j, Steering-Axis Inclination(SAI),
Included Angle jeks lreKq /ila Wmldrhg f.k
;sfnhs' fjd ms<sn|j fjk fjku wOHhkh uola jHdl+,
jk neka uq,skau fuu we, fldaKh u.ska iqlaldku y
ueog iajhxlS%hj f.k tk wdldrh wjfndaO lr.ksuq'
r:hla Odjkfha yrjk ,o b frdao fol
kej; fmr msysug iajhxlS%h f,i meu bhg
fhduqj mej;Su jgyd .ekqu i|yd b;d ir, jQ ksoiqkla
f,i me/ ndndr idmamqj, i flreKq re ljq
frgqj lah yelsh' tk tu frgqj ;,a lrka
fomigu ksiqka .uka lrk w;r th fmr msysug
meu tk jeiSu ks;ru iajhxlS%h f,i isfjhs' tu
ls%hdld;ajh uola wjfndaO lr .ksuq'
(A)

(B)

by; isoaOdka;h fudagr r:j,o iqlaldku

me;a;lg yerfuka miq th iajhxlS%hju uq,a msysug
f.k taug tk yrjk ,o b frdao fol kej;;a
bhg fhduq lsug uq,sl f,i Wmld fjhs' tk
fuyso is jkafka frdao yerf frdaoh udr.h ;=,g
ls|d neisug W;aidy lsuhs' tfy;a th is fkdjk neka
ta fjkqjg r:h tiu isfjhs' iqlaldku ksoyia l, g
tijqkq r:h u.ska we;s lrk mSvkh fya;=fjka frdao
kej;;a bhg yeru iajhxlS%h f,i isfjhs'
iamska,a
r: fndh
tiu

ghr

lskm
a k
s a
uOH frLdj

udr. u;=msg

lskamska we, fldaKh ksid r:h tifjk whqre

lskamska we, fldaKh (Kingpin inclination)
u.ska frdaoh yerf r: fndh tiu isjk whqre
fuys olajd ;sfnhs' fuys lskamska uOH frLdj we, lr we;s
ksid frdaoh yerf fuu iamska,a tl fmd<jg
iudka;rj .uka fkdlsu ksid frdaoh udr.h ;=,g .uka
lsug W;aidy .kakd whqre lv b u.ska olajd we;s frdao
msysfuka jgyd.; yels fjhs' tfy;a udr.h ;=,g frdaoh
.uka l, fkdyels neka ta fjkqjg r: fndh h
muKlska tiu isfjhs' iqlaldku ksoyia l, g fuys
fuu tijqkq r: fndh u.ska we;s lrk mSvkh u; frdaoh
kej; fmr msysug iajhxlS%hju mefKhs'

s
a

lskamska we, fldaKh i|yd ksoiqkla

fuys olajd we;af;a ndnr idmamqjl b
fodrgqjhs' A igyk whqre fldgia follska hq;=j fuys
irfkarej ilia lr we;s we, yevh ksid fuu fodrgqj
fomig ;,a lrk g tu.ska fuu irfkare n| my;g
;,a lsug W;aidy .efkhs' tfy;a irfkare n| fldgi
ia:Srj ilr we;s ksid th my;a fkdjk w;r isjkafka
frgqj wefrk g irfkare ueo fldgi fr mshko iu.
by<g tiuhs' igyfka B;, u.ska tu Wi olajd we;'
fuf,i fodr mshk wer th w;ska w,a,d isk f;la th
tu msysfu ti mj;shs' th we;ye g bfu fodr
mshk fmr msysug mefKhs' tk fodr jeiS hhs' tfia
is jkafka fodr mshfka nr ls%hdlsu ksid irfkarej tys
my<u msysug meu ksidfjks'

(A)

a
a

(B)

lskamska we, fldaKh i|yd ksoiqkla

r:hl we, fldaKh u; r: fndh by<g
tifjk wdldrh fuu ir, ksoiqfkkao jgyd.; yelsh'
tk by; A igyk whqre l=vhla iDcqj ;nd th
lerlSf a wl=ka olajd we;s tys fldka iu;,hl .uka
lrhs' tfy;a B igyk whqre fuu l=vh we,l, g fuu
a fldka my<g .uka lrhs' S wl=ka tu r olajd we;'
r:hl frdaoh we, fldaKh ksid my<g tk udr.h ;=,g
ls|d neiSug W;aidy .kafka fuu we, lsu u; nj ka
jegyS hd hq;=h'

fuh hils 27 l,dmfhka Wmqgd .kakd ,oaols'

RS/26

hils
fmr ls k a m s k a l% u h
ieye,a fudagr r:j, fukau nr
jdykj,o tl f,i Nd;d jqks'
tfy;a bkafmkavka iiafmkaIka
l%u fhdod .ekqu ksid kk
fudagr r:j, lskamska Nd;d
fkdjk w;r ta fjkqjg fnda,a
fcdhska folla fhdod .efkhs'
igyk whqre lskamska we,fldaKh
lskamska we, fldaKh tu fnda,a fcdhska ilr we;s
fnda,a fcdhska u.ska wdldrfhka ,nd .efkhs'
,efnk whqre

kk fudagrr: ;dCIl
mdGud,dj-1
frdg Tfgda f%kska fikagr - kqf.af.dv'
b.aksIka moaO;s

 neg fldhs,a b.aksIka

 bf,lafg%dksla vqfj,a wEka.,a fldkafg%da,a
 g%dkaisiagr fldhs,a b.aksIka
 bf,lafg%dksla iamdrla wejdkaia
 lemEisgr iapd b.aksIka
 bf,lafg%dksla fkdla fldkafg%da,a
 ia%hqfrgr rys; b.aksIka
 FEI b.aksIka moaO;s
bkaOk moaO;s ^fmg%,a&








K-fcfg%dksla
L-fcfg%dksla
MPI -bkafclaIka
KA -fcfg%dksla
LH -fcfg%dksla
GDI- bkafclaIka








KE- fcfg%dksla

fudfkd fcfg%dksla
frkslaia bkafclaIka
D-fcfg%dksla
bf,lafg%dksla ldhqfrgria
SPI bkafclaIka

tkaka md,k moaO;s

lskamska we,fldaKh ielfik whqre

b frdao we, fldaKh kSf we;sfjk
.egjla by; olajd we;' fuys SAI hkqfjka olajd
we;af;a fnda,a fcdhska we, lsfuka we;sl, fldaKhhs' th
Steering axis Inclination f,i ykajk w;r tys fl
fhu SAI f' ghrfha uOH frLdf(Vertical) isg tu
fldaKh f.k we;s kuq;a th tu r:fha we, fldaKh f,i
iDcqju yeka h fkdyel' ukao fuu frdaoh iSreudre
lr we;s lenr fldaKh u.skao frdaoh tu w;gu
;jrg;a we,j mj;sk neks' ta wkqj fuu we, fldaKh
by; i|yka SAI fldaKh;a lenr fldaKh;a tlg tla
lr mjikq ,efnhs' ta wkqj th ykajkq ,nkafka
Included Angle kks'

,a t<hskauka mCId lsu

,a t<hskauka mCId lsu i|yd fYaIfhkau
ksmojk ,o kq iy iSreudre hka;% fhdod .; hq;=f'
fjd u.ska r:hl lenr" leiagr" fgda bka fyda fgda wjq"
iy lskamska we, fldaKh mCId lsu fukau tajd fjkiaj
we;ak kej; ms<silr lsuo
l< yelsfjhs' tjf.au f,dalfha
ksmojd we;s oyia .Kkl ,a
t<hskauka iSreudre w.hk
fuu t<hs k r ;= , we;s
m.Klhg ljd ;sfnhs' hils
23-24 iZrdj, we;=,a jrK
msgqj, ixlSrK ,a t,hskr
ms<sn|j ia;r jQ neka fuu
,sms fm< fuhska wjika flfr'
m.Kl md,k ,a

t<hskauka hka;%hla














,evd laf,daia ma fldkafg%da,a

leg,sla lkajrgr ^fmg%,a&
leg,sla lkajrgr ^i,a&
tlaiafydaia .Eia ilHqf,aIka (EGR)
tlaiafyaia .Eia fglafkdf,
bf,lafg%dksla .jkr isiag
whs,ska iage,hsiska a
g,a whs,ska iage,hsiska (DIS)
fhn,a jE,a ghska
fhn,a bka, ueksf*da,a
grfnda wekas iqmr pdka
yS f iqmr p
dka

fuu mdGud,dj ilia lr we;af;a idudkH fudagr r:

oekqula we;s ldrlhska yg Wiia fudagr r: ;dCIKh
,ndugh' mdGud,dj yeug wjYH oHq;a bf,lafg%dksl
oekqu mdGud,dj wdrNfhau ,nd fohs' fuu mdGud,dj
imQrK l, ldrlhska yg muKla fuys fojk mdGud,dj
yeug iqiq l ,nk w;r tu mdGud,djg bf,lafg%dksla
md,k i,a moaO;s" Tfgda .shr jdhqilrK" ABS,ASR jeks
b;d jeo.;a Ihka /ila we;=,;aj ;sfnhs'
fiajfha ksh;
q = ldrlhska yg myiqjk m fuu mdGud,dj
iji 6'15 isg 8'15 olajd kqf.af.dv frdg Yd,dfo mj;ajdf.k
hkq ,ef' udi 8 l mdGud,djla jQ fuh i|yd fuu ldrlhska
yg f.h hq;af;a uilg remsh,a 350$- la jQ uqo,ls'
< mdGud,dj 2004 foienr 2 jk k wdrN jk w;r
th iEu n%yiam;skaod klu iji 6'15 isg 8'15 olajd kqf.af.dv
frdg Yd,df meje;af' tk iji 6''00 g fkdf,a
meje;afjk wdrNl foaYkhg miqjo mdGud,djg we;=,;a
h yelsh' my; i|yka ,smskhg ,smskh iys; ,shq ljrhla
tjd wh m;la f.kajd.; yelsh'
frdg Wiia fudagr r: ;dCIK mdGud,dj"
407$15 iu.s udj;" Wvyuq,a," kqf.af.dv'

fuh hils 27 l,dmfhka Wmqgd .kakd ,oaols'

Tel: 2835030