fudagr® ldr®ñl oekqu -04 

   fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr

fudagr® r: 10 jk m˙Éf√oh

ldìhqfr®gr ldìhqfr®gr msgdr

fudagr® r: ±kqu-04 úI jdhq md,kh

fudagr® r: ksIamdokh wdrïN jQ uq,a wjêfha bka

Carburetor with Electronic Idler control
ã'tï'tï'oikdhl
fuu fjí msgqj ilid we;af;a by; olajd we;s
ldìhqfr®gr .%ka:fh 10 jk m˙Éf√ofhka Wmqgd .kakd
,o lreKq weiq˙ks'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
msgfjk úI jdhq ms<sn|j fudagr® r: ksIamdolhskaf.a fyda m˙ir
fõ°kaf.a wjOdkh fhduq fkdjqk;a miq ld,fha° Odjkh jk
fudagr® r: ixLHdj jeäùu;a iuÛ bka msgfjk úI jdhq ms<sn|j
úfYaIfhkau f,dal m˙ir fõ°kaf.a oeä wjOdkhla fhduq jqks'
fuys m%;sM,hla f,i †hqKq rgj,a lsysmhla u.skau ;u rgj,
ksmofjk fukau ;u rgj,g wdkhkh flfrk fudagr® r: j,
msgdr úI jdhq md,kh i|yd ks;s ¯;s mkjk ,°' bkamiq tu kS;s
¯;s j,g .e,fmk f,i fudagr® r: ksIamdokh ls¯ug fudagr® r:
iud.ï j,g is≥jQ w;r tys° úfYaIfhkau fudagr® r:
ldìhqfr®grj, kùlrK /ila is≥l, hq;= úh'
by; wdldrhg kùlrKh lrk ,o ldìhqfr®gr j,
ixlSr®K ls%hdld˙;ajhka idr®:l whq˙ka wOHhkh ls¯ug kï
fudagr® r: msgdr jdhqjg úI jdhq jr®. iy tajd tlajk wdldrh;a
uq,skau wjfndaO lr.; hq;=h' bkamiq tu úI jdhq md,kh i|yd
fhdojd we;s moaO;s wOHhkhg .; hq;=h' tfy;a fuh fudagr®
ldr®ñlhska yg uola wmyiq jkafka fuu wOHhkh i|yd
ridhksl úoHd oekqug wu;rj bf,lafg%dksla úoHdjo hï
muKlska oek isáh hq;= neúks' fï ksid fuu msgdr úI jdhq md,kh
ms<sn|j jvd;a .eUqrg fkdf.dia idudkH ldr®ñlhska ygo
wjfndaO lr .ekqug yels f,i idudkH oekqula ,nd° bkamiqj
ldìhqfr®gr kùlrK fj; fhduq fjuq'
fudagr® r: tka‚ka ;=, Yla;sh ksmojd .kq ,nkafka
bkaOk oykfhks' bkaOkhla hkq yhsfv%d ldnkhls' yhsv%cka iy
ldnka hk uQ, øjH fol úúO wkqmd;fhka tlg ixfhda. ùfuka
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® r: oekqu-04 
 
 fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr
yhsfv%dldnka ksmofõ' yhsv%cka H hk ixfla;fhkao ldnka C hk
ixfla;fhkao y∫kajk nj wms oksuq' ta wkqj fuu yhsfv%dldnka
fmd≥fõ HC hkqfjka fudagr® r: ;dCIKfha° ye¢kafõ'
fmg%,a muKla fkdj N+ñf;,a" ãi,a " LP .Eia" mermska
bá hk fï ishΩ bkaOk yhsfv%dldnka fõ' tmuKla fkdj wm
,sm fu,ùug .kakd oro yhsfv%dldnka fõ' fuu yhsfv%dldnka
oeùfï° is≥jkafka jd;fha we;s Tlaiscka iuÛ tlaù fuu
yhsfv%dldnka" ldnka vfhdlaihsâ iy c, jdIam njg yefrk
w;ru Yla;sh f,iska ;dmh msg ls¯uhs' fuf,i msgfjk c,h
fukau ldnka vfhdlaihsâ jdhqjo wmg m%fhdackj;a tajd fjhs'
c,fha wjYH;djh fuys° úia;r ls¯ug wjYH fkdjk w;r
ldnka vfhdlaihsâ wmg m%fhdackj;aa jkafka Ydl ;=, m%Ndixiaf,aIk
ls%hdj,sh we;sù Ydlhg fukau wm we;=Ω ishZΩ „ùkag wjYH
wdydr tys ksmofjk neúks'
l=iaisfha or fyda .Eia l=lrhla Ndú;fha°o msg jkafka
fuu ldnka vfhdlaihsâ (CO2) iy c, jdIam neúka thg lsisu
m˙irfõ†fhla úreoaO ù ke;' tfukau fmg%,a tka‚ula ;=,o
is≥jkafka bkaOk oykhls' tys°o msgúh hq;fa ;a ldnka vfhdlaihsâ
iy c, jdIam kuq;a thg m˙ir fõ°ka ;o kS;s ¯;s mkjd ;sfnhs'
ksoiqkla f,i LP .Eia .;fyd;a th .Eia W∫khl Ndú;hg lsis
;yxÑhla fkdue;s kuq;a fudagr® r: tka‚ka i|yd th Ndú;fha°
úI jdhq msgfjk njg fpdaokd u;= fjhs' tlu oyk ls%hdj,sh
ndysr oykhl° úI fkdùug;a tka‚ka ;=, is≥ùfï° úI we;s
ùug;a fya;=j uq,skau jgyd .ksuq'
■ is,skavr ;=< is≥jk fmg%,a oykh
fuys olajd we;af;a tka‚ul
iïmSvk myfr® wjidkh iy n,
myfr® wdrïNhhs' fuu iïmSvk
myr wjidkfha iamdr®la ma,.a mq<Û
s =j
u.ska ñY%Kh ±,aùu is≥fjhs' tys°
msgfjk ;dmh u.ska m%idrKh jk
jd;h msiagkh my<g ;,a¨ lr n,
myr we;s lrhs' ±ka fuu oykh
is≥jk wdldrh fidhd n,uq'
n, myfr® wdrïNh
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
oykh hkq ridhksl m%;sls%hdjls' m%;sls%hdjlg iïnkaO
jk foaj,a m%;sls%hdfjka miq b;s˙ fkdfõ kï th ridhksl
m%;sls%hdjls' fï wkqj tka‚ula ;=, is≥jk fmg%,a oykh ridhksl
m%;sls%hdjla jkafka flfiaoehs fidhd n,uq'
fmg%,a + TlaIscka } ldnkavfhdlaihsâ + c,h + ;dmh
by; iólrKfhka lshfjkafka fmg%,a oykh ùfï° tu
fmg%,a Tlaiscka iuÛ tlaj ldnka vfhdlaihsâ jdhqj iy c, jdIam
we;s lrk w;ru ;dmho Yla;sh f,iska msglrk njhs'
m%;sls%hdjg iyNd.s jk fmg%,a iy Tlaiscka m%;sl%shdfjka miq
fkd,efnk ksid fuh ridhksl m%;sls%hdjla fõ' fuh jvd;a fyd|ska
wjfndaO lr .ekqugkï fuys ridhksl iQ;%h wOHhkhg .; hq;=
w;r ta i|yd by; iólrKhg iïnkaO fldgia j, ridhksl
ixfla; y∫kd .ksuq'
uQ, øjH ixfhda.
Tlaiscka - O ldnka vfhdlaihsâ - CO2
yhsv%cka - H c,h - H2O
ldnka - C fmg%,a - HC
fï f,dj ishΩu foa ksr®udKh ù we;af;a 108 la muK
jQ uq, øjH ;ksj fyda tajd úúO whq˙ka ixfhda. ùfuks' ta w;=˙ka
fudagr® r: fmg%,a tka‚ul oyk ls%hdj,shg iïnkaO jk uQ, øjH
;=kla by; jï miskao fujka uQ, øjH tl;= ùfuka iEfok
ixfhda. ;=kla by; ol=Kq miskao olajd ;sfnhs' uQ, øjHhl
(Element) we;af;a tu øjHhg wh;a wxY= muKla jk w;r
ixfhda.hl (compound) we;af;a uQ, øjH lsysmhla tlaj ieliqkq
wKq nj by; igyfkka fmkajd fohs' fuu fjki ksid uQ,
øjHhl wKqjla mrudKqqjla f,iska y∫kajk w;r ixfhda.hl
wKqjla wKqj f,iska ye¢kafjhs'
Tlaiscka (O) iy yhsv%cka (H) hk uQ, øjH fol jdhq
jYfhka mj;sk w;r Tlaiscka mrudKq folla tlaj fuu Tlaiscka
jdhq wKqjlao" yhsv%cka (H) mrudKq folla tlaj fuu yhsv%cka
jdhq wKqjo ieliS we;' Tlaiscka jdhqj O2 f,io yhsv%cka jdhqj
H2 hkqfjkao y∫kajd we;af;a ta ksidfjks' fï w;r ldnka
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® ldr®ñl oekqu -04 
 
 fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr
vfhdlaihsâ jdhq wKqj ieliS we;af;a ldnka tla mrudKqjla
iuÛ Tlaiscka mrudKq folla tlaùfuks' fï ksid tu jdhq wKqj
CO2 hk ixfla;fhka oelafõ' CO2 ixfhda.hla f,i ye|skf a jkafka
th fuf,i uQ, øjH folla tlaj ieliS we;s neúks' c,ho
ixfhda.hls' th Tlaiscka tla mrudKqjlg yhsv%cka mrudKq
folla tlaj ieliS ;sfnhs' túg tys ixfla;h H2O fõ'
yhsv%cka iy ldnka úúO .Kkska tl;=j ieliqkq
yhsfv%dldnka wKq jr®. /ila fmg%,a j, mj;S' fï ksid tys wvx.=
wKq .Kk i|yka fkdlr fmd≥fõ HC hk ixfla;fhka fmg%,a
y∫kajkq ,efnhs' fmg%,a oyk ls%hdj,shg iïnkaO jk uQ, øjH
iy ixfhda. ish,a, ms<sn|j wm ±ka idudkH oekqula ,nd isák
ksid tu ls%hdj,sh my; ±lafjk whqre ridhksl ixfla; iys;j
i|yka l, yelsh'
HC + O2 ➤ CO2 + H2O + ;dmh
fmg%,a + TlaIscka ➤ ldnkavfhdlaihsâ + c,h + ;dmh
by; iólrKh u.ska fmkajd ° we;s ls%hdj,sh wmg
fufiao i|yka l, yelsh' tkï is,skavr ;=,g fmg%,a ñY% jd;h
iïmSvkh lr oykh ls¯fï° fmg%,a (HC) j, we;s ldnka jd;fha
we;s Tlaiscka mrudKq folla yd tlaj ldnka vfhdlaihsâ jdhqj
CO2 idohs' b;s˙ jq yhsv%cka (H) mrudKq jd;fha we;s Tlaiscka
mrudKq fol ne.ska ,ndf.k c, wKq (H20) idohs'
by; wdldrhg fmg%,a oykhg wjYH Tlaiscka wmg
;kslru Tlaiscka jdhqj f,i iemhSu l, fkdyels w;r wm
,ndfokafka Tlaiscka wvx.= wjg jd;hhs' fuu wjg jd;fha
Tlaiscka wvx.=j we;af;a 20] lg wdikak w.hls' tkï jd;fha
1$5 la Tlaisckah' b;s˙fhka 80] lg ióm .Kkla khsg%cka jdhqj
fõ' ldnka vfhdlaihsâ we;=Ω wfkl=;a jdhq jr®. we;af;a ishhg
oYu .kka j,sks' ta wkqj tka‚ulg ldìhqfr®grh u.ska fmg%,a
iuÛ imhk jd;fha Tlaiscka we;af;a 20] la muKla jk w;r
b;s˙h khsg%cka fõ'
N+ñf;,a" LP .Eia muKla fkdj or mjd yhsfv%dldnka
fõ' fuu bkaOk ;=ku wm l=iaisfha Ndú;fha° is≥jkafka
yhsfv%dldnka oykhls' tfy;a tys° lsis≥ úI jdhqjla msg fkdfjhs'
tfy;a tka‚ula ;=,o is≥jkafka yhsfv%dldnka oykhla kuq;a tys°
úI jdhq msgjk nj mejfia' fuh is≥ jkafka flfiao@
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
HC + O2 ➤ CO2 + H2O + ;dmh
fuys kej;;a olajd we;af;a fmg%,a tka‚ula ;=, is≥jk
bkaOk oykhhs' by; olajd we;s whqre is,skavrh ;=<g weo
.kakd fmg%,a iïmQr®K f,i oykh ù CO2 iy H2O njg yerùug
wjYH Tlaiscka ,nd°ug fmg%,a 1 fldgila i|yd jd; fldgia 14la
ñY%Khg tl;= úh hq;=h' fu;rï jd; m%udKhla wjYH jkafka
wjg jd;fha Tlaiscka we;af;a 1/5 la muKla ksidh'
fudagr® r: fmg%,a tka‚ula ls%hd ls¯fï° by; olajd we;s
whqre ldnkavfhdlaihsâ iy c, jdIam muKla msgfjhs kï th
wmg jvd;a ys;lrh' ukao fuu fojr®.hu úI rys; fukau „jh
mj;ajd f.k hdug w;HjYH jQ idOl folla neúks' tfy;a ta
i|yd tka‚ulg 14:1 wkqmd;fhka jd; fmg%,a ñY%Kh ,nd °u
iEu wjia:djlu ksjer† f,i l< fkdyels fõ' welai,fr®gr®
mev,h ls%hd lrjk ú,dih" fjkia jk tka‚ka Ndrh" tka‚ka
WIaK;ajh jeks lreKq u; ñY%Kh nd, ùu fyda ire ùu idudkH
fohls' fuf,i ñY%%Kh ire ùfï° fukau nd, ùfï°o Nhdkl
úI jdhq msgdr jdhqjg tlajk nj fmr úia;r úh' tf,i ñY%Kh
ire jQ úg iEfok úI jdhq fukau tajd iEfok wdldrh;a ñY%Kh
nd, jQ úg iEfok úI jdhq fukau tajd iEfok wdldrh;a fuys°
fjka fjkaj fidhd n,uq'
■ ñY%Kh ire jQ úg úI jdhq iefok wdldrh
HC + O2 ➜ CO2 + H2O + CO + HC
ldnka vfhdlaihsâ
fmg%,a + Tlaiscka ➜ c,h
ldnka fudfkdlaihsâ
yhsfv%d ldnka
fuys olajd we;af;a tka‚ula ;=, ire ñY%Khla oykh jk
wdldrhhs' ire ñY%Khl fmg%,a m%udKh jeä w;r Tlaiscka
m%udKh wvqh' fï ksid ñY%Kfha wvx.= ishΩu fmg%,a wKq" c,h
iy ldnkavfhdlaihsâ njg yerùug ,enqKq Tlaiscka m%udKh
m%udKj;a fkdfõ' tfy;a th c,h iE°ug ndOdjla fkdfõ' thg
fya;=j yhsv%cka ldnka j,g jvd ilS%h ksid;a" c,h iE°ug
yhsv%cka mrudKq follg wjYH jkafka tla Tlaiscka mrudKqjla
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® r: oekqu-04 
 
 fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr

ksid;ah' tfy;a ldnka vfhdlaihsâ (CO2) wKqjla iE°ug tla
ldnka mrudKqjlg Tlaiscka follau wjYH fjhs' ta wkqj fuf,i
Tlaiscka mrudkq folla ,nd.ekSug fkdyels jQ ldnka mrudKq
u.ska ;ks Tlaiscka mrudkqjla muKla ,ndf.k ixfhda. fjhs'
túg tu mrudkqjg we;af;a tla Tlaiscka mrudKqqjla neúka th
ldnka fudfkdlaihsâ (CO) f,iska ye¢kafjhs'
by; wdldrhg ire ñY%K oykfha° ldnkavfhdlaihsâ
jdhqjg wu;rj wvq Tlaiscka m%udKhlska ilia jk ldnka
fudfkdlaihsâ (CO) keue;s úI jdhqj o hï m%udKhla we;s ù msgdr
jdhqjg tlafjhs' fuu ldnka fudfkdlaihsâ fld;rï úI jdhqjlao
h;a 0'3] la CO iys; jd;h úkdä 20 l ld,hla wdYajdi ls¯u
flfkl=f.a urKh is≥ ùug fyd|gu m%udKh;a fjhs' reêrfha
we;s Tlaiscka f.k hk ysfud.af,dìka mgl CO u.ska úkdY ùu
thg fya;=jhs'
by; wdldrhg ñY%Kh ire jQ wjYH Tlaiscka fkd,eîfuka
fkdoeù b;s˙ jQ HC m%udKhlao msgdr jdhqjg tlafjhs' fuh
fl<skau fmg%,a kQk;a hï bkaOk úfYaIhls' th wdr®:sl jYfhka
mdvqjla muKla fkdj" fkdoejqKq fuu bkaOk iQr®hdf,dalhg
ksrdjrKh jQ úg ridh⁄l m%;sls%hdjkag Ndckh ù .ia fld<ka
we;=Ω ishΩu „ù fldgia j,g úI iys; ridhksl øjH idohs'
tf,iu i;aj Y¯r j,go lsysm wdldrhlskau ydks f.k fohs'
ukao fuu fkdoejqkq HC ;=, Bf;aka" óf;aka jeks úI jdhqo wvx.=
fyhsks' fudagr® r: ;dCIKfha° fuf,i fkd±ù b;s˙ jqk
yhsfv%dldnkao fmd≥fõ y∫kajkq ,nkafka HC hkqfjks'
ldìhqfr®grhl we;sfjk hï hï fodaI hgf;a fyda jd;
fmg%,a ñY%Kh ireùfuka m˙irhg fld;rï úkdYhla we;sfõo
hkak oeka wmg fyd¢kau meye†<sh' fcÜ is≥re úYd, ls¯u" fpdala
jE,aõ iïmQr®Kfhkau újD; fkdùu" isrjqkq thdr® la,Skr ksid
ldìhqfr®grh fpdalaùu jeks fya;= /ila hgf;a fuf,i ñY%Kh
ireùu is≥úh yelsh' flfia fyda fuf,i úI jdhq we;sfjkafka
ñY%Kh irejQ úg° kï ñY%Kh nd, lr ;nd .ekqfuka fuh
j<lajd .; yels fkao hk woyi Tng we;súh yelsh' tfy;a
fuf,i ñY%Kh nd, jQ úgo úI jdhq we;sfjk w;r ta flfiaoehs
ó<Ûg fidhd n,uq'
ñY%Kh nd, jQ úg úI jdhq iefok wdldrh
(A) HC + O2 ➤ CO2 + H2O + ;dmh
(B) (N2) + HC + O2 ➜ H2O + CO2 + (N2) + O2
by; A fma<sfhka olajd we;af;a fuhg fmr wm
wOHhkh l, kshñ; wkqmd;fhka hq;a ñY%Khla oefjk úg msgdr
jdhqjg úI jdhq tla fkdjk whqre iïmQr®Kfhkau ñY%Kh oefjk
wdldrhhs' tfy;a jgyd .ekqfï myiqj ;ld fuys is,skavrh ;=,g
we;=,a jk khsg%cka (N2) jdhqj olajd ke;' thg fya;=j B
fma<sfhka olajd we;s whqre th is,skavrh ;=,° lsis≥ ridhksl
m%;sls%hdjlg ,la fkdù ta whq˙kau ihs,kairfhka msgj hk neúks'
tfy;a ñY%Kh nd, jQ úg we;sfjk úI jdhq wOHhkh i|yd B
fma<sfhka olajd we;s wdldrhg oykhg iyNd.s fkdjqko fuu
khsg%cka jdhqjo iólrKhg tlalr.; hq;=j we;' my;ska
kej;;a olajd we;af;a tu iïmQr®K iólrKhhs'
(N2) + HC + O2 ➜ H2O + CO2 + (N2) + O2
by; iólrKfha (N2) hkqfjka olajd we;af;a jd;fha
úYd, m%udKhlska we;s" oykhg iïnkaO fkdjk khsg%cka jdhq
m%udKhhs' fuh wlS%h jdhqjla f,i wjg jd;fha mej;=K;a
tka‚ul is,skavrh ;=< we;s jk fi' 20000 la muK jQ
WIaK;ajh hgf;a oykfhka miq b;s˙ jQ Tlaiscka we;akï ta
yd m%;sls%hd lrhs' ≥j_, ïY%Khla tka‚ulg ,nd ≥kaúg tys
fuf,i oykfhka miq úYd, jYfhka Tlaiscka b;s˙jk neúka
tys° fuu m%;sls%hdj fï whq˙ka is≥j tu.ska khsg%cka Tlaihsâ"
khsg%cka vfhdlaihsâ jeks úI jdhq .Kkdjla ksmofõ' fudagr®
r: Ys,amfha° fmd≥fõ tajd NOx hkqfjka ye¢kafõ'
N2 + O2 ➜ NOx
by; olajd we;af;a wêl WIaK;ajh hgf;a is,skavr ;=,
khsg%ia Tlaihsv we;sfjk wdldrhhs' fuu NOx jdhq j._ o i;aj
fmkyΩ j, ishqï mgl úkdY lrk w;r .ia fld<ka jeks „j
fldgia j,go ydks muqKqjhs'

ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk

 fudagr® ldr®ñl oekqu -04     fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr

wm fuf;la W.;a lreKq wkqj fudagr® r: fmg%,a tka‚ul

ñY%Kh ire ùu fukau ksire ùuo wjg m˙irhg ;†ka ydks
muqKqjk nj fmkS hhs' fuys° oreKq;u úI jdhqj jQ ldnka
fudfkdlaihsâ we;sjkafka ñY%Kh ireùfuks' tkï jd;h wvq
ùfuks' ta wkqj ãi,a tka‚ka j,ska fuu úI jdhqj msgjkafka b;d
w,am f,isks' ukao tys° f;%dg,a jE,ajh bj;alr md,khlska
f;drj jd;h ,ndfok neúks' fmr nr jdyk i|yd muKla iSudjQ
ãi,a tka‚u miq ld,fha° ldr® jeks ieye,a¨ jdyk i|yd nyq,j
fhdod .ekqug fya;=jo ãi,a hkq m˙ir ys;ldó bkaOkhla ùuhs'
bf,lafg%dksla ;dCIKh fhdod .ksñka kùk r:j, fuh
b;d idr®:lj ch f.k ;sfnhs' ta i|yd ixlSr®K moaO;s /ila
kùk r:j, tl;=lr we;s w;r tajdg ydks fkdmeñfKk f,i
wΩ;ajeähdjka j, fh°ug iEu ldr®ñlfhl=u ta ms<sn|j ±kqj;a
úh hq;=h' fuf,i msgdr jdhq md,kh i|yd w;ss ixlSr®K moaO;s
jeä jYfhka tlalr we;af;a fmg%,a bkafclaIka r: j,g jqj;a
miq ld,fha ksr®udKh jqkq ldìhqfr®gr i|ydo fïjd nyq,j fhdod
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