fudagr r: oekqu -3

 

02 jk mfoh

fudagr r: fmg%,a tkau

is,skavr 4 la iys; fmg%,a tkau

wo fudagr r:j, fmg%,a fukau i,a tkakao tlf,i

fhdod .efkk w;r fuys olajd we;af;a idudkH r:hl fhdod
.efkk fmg%,a tkauls' fuh we;=,; fldgia lafjk f,i ilia
l, lemq ;%hls' isjq myr ls%hdld;ajh hgf;a is,skavr y;rla
iys;j ksrudKh lr we;s fuu tkaf ls%hdld;ajh i|yd ;j;a
ls%hdld moaO;s lsysmhlu iyh wjYH fjhs' tk fuys
ls%hdld;ajh i|yd fmg%,a jd; Y%Kh ,ndug ldhqfrgr fyda
fmg%,a bkafclaIka moaO;shla wjYH fjhs' tu Y%Kh .sks oe,au
i|yd b.aksIka wejdkaia fldaK md,kho iys; b.aksIka
moaO;shla fhh hq;=fjhs' <g fuu tkaf ls%hdld
fldgiaj, >rIkh wvq lr .ekqug;a tajdfha l,a meje;aug;a

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

 

fudagr r: fmg%,a tkaka

iafkayk moaO;shlao wjYH fjhs' f w;r fuu tkau

ls%hdlrf tys ls%hdld WIaK;aj w.h by< f.dia tkaug
ydks meh yels neka je ;dmh bj;a lsug tkaka isis,k
moaO;shlao wjYH fjhs' wjidk jYfhka iagdgr fudagrhla iy
th ls%hdlrug neghla fukau tu negh wdfrdamkh i|yd
,agfkagrhla fyda vhskfudajlao fuhg inkaO l, hq;=fjhs'
by; i|yka lf,a tkaul ls%hdld;ajh i|yd wjYH
jk iydhl moaO;s lsysmhla jk w;r fuys uQ,sl f,i ish
hq;= isjq myr ls%hdld;ajh i|yd wjYH msiagka" lfklaka frd"
l%EkalaId*a iy le o~q" bka, iy tlaiafydaia jE,a hkd
fldgia tkaka n|g;a is,skavr fy tlg;a ij ;sfnhs' uq,skau
fuu isjqmyr ls%hdld;ajh ykdf.k bkamiq tu ls%hdld;ajhg
wjYH hdka;S%l fldgia wOHhkh lruq' f i|yd ;ks is,skavr
tkaula uq,skau ksoiqkg f.k miqj nyq is,skavr tkaka i|yd
fhduq u jvd;a myiq fjhs'
fudagr ihsl,a iy ;S% ,r jeks ieye,a jdyk j, wmg
;ks is,skavr fmg%,a tkaka nyq,j oelsh yel' fjd fomyr fyda
isjq myr (2 stroke or 4 stroke) f,iska ksrudKh ;sfnkakg
mqjk' tfy;a fuys uq,skau wms wOHhkh i|yd f;dardf.k
we;af;a isjq myr ;ks is,skavr tkauls' thg fya;=j wo fudagr
r:j, imQrKfhkau isjq myr tkaka muKlau Nd;d jk
neks' fuu fomyr tkaka iafkaykh i|yd fmg%,a bkaOkh
iuu iafkayk f;,ao iemfhk neka fuu tkaka j,ska msgfjk
msgdr jdhqj I iys; u th fudagr r:j,ska bj;aug m%Odk
fya;=jla h' bkamiq th fudagr ihsl,a iy ;S% ,r jeks ieye,a
jdyk i|yd fhdod .ekqk;a ta i|ydo mir fkaf.a frdaOh
t,a, fjka mj;shs'
tkaka ls%hdld;ajh wOHhkh i|yd isjq myr
ls%hdld;ajfhka hq;a ;ks is,skavr tkaulau uq,skau fhdod .kq
,enqf nyq is,skavr tkaulg jvd th ir, neka th wmf.a
wOHhkhg myiqjla jk neks' nyq is,skavr tkaka ksrudKh
we;af;ao fuu ;ks is,skavr isjq myr tkaka lsysmhla fmd
tkaka n|lg f.k tajdg fmd l%Ekala iy lE Id*a jeks fldgia
i lsfuka neka uq,skau ir, f,i ksujqkq ;ks is,skavr tkaula
wOHhkh lr bkamiq fuu nyq is,skavr tkaka wOHhkhg .ekSu
jvd;a myiqjla jkq we;'

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

 

fudagr r: oekqu -3

isjq myfr tkau /4 STROKE ENGINE

msgdr jE,ajh
ldhqfrgrh
bka, ueksf*da,a
bka, jE,ajh
msgdr ueksf*da,avh

tkaka f,dla

mqIa frd

 

fudagr r: fmg%,a tkaka

jE,a ls%hdlrug le oKav tkaf jg follg tla jghla

f,iska lerlsh hq;=h' l%Ekala ,h iy lE ,h w;r we;s 2:1
.shr wkqmd;h u.ska th isf' f w;r tla n, myrlska ,efnk
n,fhkau < n, myr olajd myr ;=kla l%EkalaId*a tl
lerlu is fjhs' m%udKfhka Yd, *a,hs,hla fhdojd we;af;a
tf,i n, myrl ,efnk n,fhka fldgila Wrdf.k < myr
;=k olajd tkau lrljd .ekqugh' tys fuu n/;s *a,hs,h
ksid tkau iqug whqka ls%hdlruo l<yelsf' ka wms fuu
isjq myr pl%h ;ks igyklg f.k wjfndaO lr .ksuq'

msiagka

lfkalaka frd
lE Id*a
*a,hs,a
lE ,a

l%Ekala l|

(A) pQIK myr (B) imSvk myr (C) n, myr (D) msgdr myr

isjqmyr ;ks is,skavr tkaul ksrudKh

fuys olajd we;af;a ;ks is,skavr isjq myfr tkaul uQ,sl
ie,iquls' fuu is,skavrh ;=, msiagkh by< my< .uka lrk
w;r tu p,kh lfklaka frd tl u.ska l%EkalaId*a tlg
,nd th lerlu isfjhs' msiagkh my<g .uka lsf
jD;jk bka, jE,ajh u.ska ldhqfrgrh yryd fmg%,a jd;
Y%Kh weo .kakd w;r kej; msiagkh by<g tkg jE,a
folu jeiS mej;Sfuka we;=,g weo.;a fmg%,a jd; Y%Kh
imSvkh fjhs' ta iuu iamdrla ma,.a tl u.ska ,ndfok mq<s=j
u.ska Y%Kh ,a is,skavrh ;=, mSvkh jefuka msiagkh
my<g ;,a hhs th tkaf n, myr jk w;r bkamiq msiagkh
by<g tkg msgdr jE,ajh jD;j oejqkq jd;h ihs,kairhg
msg lrhs' kej;;a fmr f,iu tkaka pl%h uq, isg ls%hd;aul
fjhs' fuu myr i;r pQIK (Intake) imSvk (Compression)
n, (Power) iy msgdr (Exhaust) kka yekafjhs'
by;ska ia;r l, whqre isjq myr pl%fha tla n,
myrla ,nd .ekqug tkau jg folla lerlh hq;= w;r ta i|yd

isjqkq myr i;r fuu igyka fm< u.ska jvd;a meye<sj fjka
fjkaj olajd we;' fuys A igyfkka olajd we;af;a pQIK myr
;=, msiagkh my<g .uka lsf jD;j we;s bka, jE,ajh
yryd is,skavrh fmg%,a jd; Y%Kfhka msfrk wdldrhhs' B
igyfkka olajd we;s imSvk myfr my<g me msiagkh
kej; by<g .uka lrk w;r tys jE,a folu jeiS mj;shs'
tu myr wjidkfha imSvkh jqkq jd;h ;=,g mq<s=jla ,nd
we;s w;r tys oefjk jd;h u.ska is,skavr ;=, mSvkh je
lsfuka Yd, n,hlska hq;=j msiagkh my<g .uka lrhs' th
n, myr kka yekafjk w;r C igyfkka th olajd we;' D
igyfkka olajd we;s fuys isjk myr ;=, kej; by< tk
msiagkh tys jD; jqkq msgdr jE,ajh yryd oejqkq jd;h
ihs,kairhg msg lrhs' fuh isjq myr tla pl%hla jk w;r
bkamiq kej;;a pQIK myfrka < pl%h wdrN fjhs' ka wms
fuu myr i;r jvd;a iia;r whqka jgyd .ksuq'

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

isjq myr tkaul uQ,sl ls%hdld;ajh

fmr igyfka olajk ,o ;ks is,skavr isjq myr tkaf

fudagr r: oekqu -3

 

pQIK myr ( INTAKE )

isjq myr tkaul pQIK myr
fuys olajd we;s w;r l%Ekala Id*a
tl u.ska msiagkh my<g f.k
hdf jD;j we;s bka, tk
pQIK jE,a jrh ;=<k
s a ldhqfrgrh
yryd weo .kakd
jd; fmg%,a
Y%Kfhka is,skavrh msr hhs'
msiagkh my<g hdfuka Yd, jqKq
is,skavr Od;djh
ksid we;s jQ
la;h tk wvq mSvkh iu ug
wjg jdhqf.da,h
S mSvkh hgf;a fuf,i
(1) pQIK ueksf*da,avh
fmg%,a Ys%; jd;h is,skavrh ;=,g
(2) msgdr ueksf*da,avh
tkaul pQIK myr weo .efkhs' fuh wm fyd|ska l
mqre bkafclaIka isxchla ;=,g fnfy;a hrh mqrjd .kakd
wdldrhg fnfyka iudk jQ ls%hdj,shls'
tkaul pQIK myr ;=, is,skavrh ;=,g by; wdldrhg
jd;h weo .efkkafka ldhqfrgrh k WmlrKh yryd jk
w;r tys tu .,dhk jd; Odrdjg fmg%,a jdIam f,iska tl;=
fmg%,a jd; Y%Kh ieliSu isf' fuu jd; fmg%,a Y%Kfha
wkqmd;h wdikak jYfhka 14:1 la muK f'
imSvk myr ( COMPRESSION )
pQIK myrg miq t<fUk fuu
myr wdrNfhau jD;j ;snk
q q pQIK
jE,ajh jeiS hhs' ta w;ru lerflk
l%Ekala Id*a tl u.ska msiagkh my<
isg by<g f.k ths' fuys jE,a
folu jeiS we;s ksid fmg%,a jd;
Y%Kh is,k
s v
a rh ;=, isrfuka mSvkh
th fydka r;a f' fuu myr
wjidkfha iamdrla ma,.a tl u.ska
mq<s=jla iemfhk w;r tu.ska r;aj
we;s Y%Kh jyd .sks oe,a f' fuu
myr ;=, isjkafka is,skavrh ;=,
(1) pQIK ueksf*da,avh
Y%Kh imSvkh u neka th
(2) msgdr ueksf*da,avh
tkaul imSvk myr imSvk myr (Compression stroke)
kka yekafjhs'

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk

 

fudagr r: fmg%,a tkaka

n, myr ( POWER )
isjq myr tkaul imSvk
myr wjidkfha iamdrla ma,.a mq<s=j
u.ska Y%Kh .sks oe,au;a iu
oejqKq tu Y%Kh u.ska is,skavrh
we;=,; ldnka vfhdlaihs (CO2) iy
c,jdIam Yd, mudjla we;s lrhs'
oef msgjqkq ;dmh fuu jd;
fldgia u.skau Wrd .ekqu ksid fuu
oejqkq jd;fha WIaK;ajh fi' 18000 la
muK jQ b;d by< w.hlg f.k tau
;=,ska th Yd, f,iska m%idrKh h
hq;=fjhs' tf,i m%idrKh ug bvla
(1) pQIK ueksf*da,avh
ke;sg isjkafka tys mSvkh je
(2) msgdr ueksf*da,avh
uhs' fuyso jqkq jd;hg tf,i
tkaul n, myr
m%idrKh ug bvla fkdue;s ksid is
jkafka oejqkq jd; Y%Kh m%idrKh u fjkqjg tys mSvkh je
lsuhs' tu w;s Yd, mSvkh hgf;a msiagkh ;ka my<g f;rmd
yk w;r fuh n, myr (Po er stroke) kka ye|skafjhs' ta
wkqj tys hdka;S%l Yla;sh f,ig mjr;kh jQfha tkau ;=,
oykfhka we;s jQ ;dm Yla;shhs'
msgdr myr ( EXHAUST )
tkaul n, myka miq
is,skavr ;=, jqkq jd;h bj;a lr
kej;;a pQIK myrlg iQodk h
hq;=h' fuu msgdr (E ha st stroke)
myfr th isfjhs' fuys my< isg
msiagkh kej;;a by<g .uka lrk
w;r msgdr jE,ajh jD;j mj;shs'
fuf,i jD; jqkq msgdr jE,ajh
yryd jqkq jd;h ihs,kairhg ;,a
lr yeu fuys isfjhs' bkamiq
kej;;a pQIK myfrka < pl%h
wdrN fjhs' f wkqj tla n, myrla
,nd .ekqug msiagkh is jrla by<
(1) pQIK ueksf*da,avh
(2) msgdr ueksf*da,avh
my< hd hq;= w;r ta i|yd l%EkalI
a d*a
tl
jg
folla
.uka
l,
hq
;
=
fjhs'
tkaul msgdr myr

ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk