fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK 

   fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK

m˙Éf√ofhka wOhkh l, wjqä r:fha fhdod .;a ixlSrK ä‚g,a

34 jk m˙Éf√oh
4C- la,hsueÜfg%dksla
4C-Climatronic
mshjfrka mshjr †hqKq fjñka meñ◊ ä‚g,a la,hsfïÜ
fldkafg%da,a moaO;sh ;j ≥rg;a ixlSr®K fõhhs fkdis;k ;rug
wo kùlrKh ù ;sfnhs' ukao fuys ;j ≥rg;a .eíj we;s
≥r®j,;d lsisjla fkdue;s neúks' fuf,i wo uq≥ka iSudjgu
ixlSrK® jQ jdhqiólrK moaO;s y∫kajkq ,nkafka 4C-Climatronic
kñks' fuys fldka y;fr® we;s wiqka y;rg wh;a iSudj,
WIAK;ajh fjka fjkaj md,kh l, yels neúka 4 corner hk
jpkfhka 4C f.k we;'
fuhg fmr wms
wOHhkh l< wfkl=;a
b†˙ u.S
ä‚g,a la,hsfïÜ fldkafg%d,
a a
˙h≥re
wiqk wiqk moaO;s i|yd tajd fhdod
.;a tla r: jr®.hlao
ksoiqkg .;suq' fï hgf;a
Audi,BMW, iy fgdfhdagd
hk r: jr®. ;=k ksoiqkg
.;a w;r fuu 4c -
climatronic moa O ;s h
myiqfjka wOHhkh i|yd
fjdalaiajd.ka meidÜ r:hla
ksoiqkg .ksuq' fuys olajd
we;af;a tu r:fha ˙h≥re
we;=Ω u.Ska ;=ka fofkla
u.S wiqk u.S wiqk ;ukg ˙is f,i ;u iSudj,
miq jïmi miq ol=Kq mi
tlsfklg fjkia jQ
WIaK;ajh fjkia lr we;s
wiqka y;fr® iSudj, WIaK;aj w.hka wdldrhhs' wm úiska 33
fjkiaj mj;ajd f.k hdu
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
la,hsfïÜ fldkafg%da,a moaO;shu ;j≥rg;a kùlrKh lr fuu
la,hsueÜfg%dksla jdhqiólrK l%uh ksr®udKh lr we;s fyhska
fuhg wΩ;ska we;=,;a úfYaIdx. muKla wOHhkfhka wmg fuu
uqΩ moaO;shu myiqfjka wjfndaO lr.; yels jkq we;'
la,hsueÜá%la jdhqiólrK l%uh wOHhkh i|yd fuys°
wm úiska f;dardf.k we;af;a w;sYhskau ixlSr®K jQ kj;u
ud†,sfha fudagr® r:hls' fï wkqj fuys la,hsfïÜ fldkafg%da,a
Tmfr®áka iy äiamaf,a hqksÜ tl f,ig f.k we;af;a r:fha
bkaf*dfghskua kaÜ (Infotainment) moaO;shhs' bkaf*dfghsku
a kaÜ
hkq r:fha ógr mqjrejg wh;a fikag%,a bf,lafg%dksla moaO;shg
wh;a or®Yk ;Srh iys; tallh jk w;r r:fha ldr® f*0daka"
keúf.aIka" fr®äfhda" fg,súIka jeks moaO;s .Kkdjlau th yryd
ls%hd;aul fjhs'
■ b†˙ bkaf*dfïIka iy äiamaf,a tallh
Front information display and operating unit
bkaf*dfïIka iy äiamaf,a tallh
fuys olajd we;af;a wm ksoiqkg .;a VW Passat r:fha
bkaf*dfïIka iy äiamaf,a hqksÜ tl jk w;r la,hsfïÜ
fldkafg%da,a moaO;sshg wh;a bkaf*dfïIka ish,a, th u.ska ,nd.;
yelsfõ' fg,súIka" keúf.aIka fr®äfhda jeks wks;a moaO;so fuh
u.skau äiamaf,a jk w;r my;ska we;s fnd;a;ï fma<sfhka ;ukag
ls%hdlrùug wjYH moaO;sh f;dard.; hq;=fjhs' ksoiqkla f,i
by; igyfka ä‚g,a jdhqiólrKh ,nd.ekqu i|yd tys jïmiska
lΩlr olajd we;s uq,au fnd;a;u ;olr ;sfnhs' th y∫kd.ekqug
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK 
 
 fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK
AC hkqfjka fnd;a;fï igykaj ;sfnhs' or®Yk ;Srh fomi we;s
fnd;a;ï tîfuka jdhqiólrKh ;ukag wjYH whqre md,kh
l,yels w;r ta ta fnd;a;ï i|yd ixfla;hla fmkakqï lr
we;af;a or®Yk ;Srh u;h' tu ixfla; wod, fnd;a;ï j,
i|ykalr fkdue;af;a keúf.agrh" fg,súIkh jeks wfkl=;a
ls%hdld˙;ajhka i|ydo fuu fnd;a;ï fm,u Ndú;dlrk neúks'
igyk whqre fuu fnd;a;ï ;o ls¯fuka ˙h≥re iy b†˙ u.shd
i|yd WIaK;aj iy íf,dajr® md,kh fjka fjkaj is≥l, yelsh'
■ miqmi bkaf*dfïIka iy äiamaf,a tallh
Rear information display and operating unit
miqmi u.Ska i|yd jQ bkaf*dfïIka iy äiamaf,a tallh
fuys olajd we;af;a miqmi u.Ska fofokd i|yd jQ
jdhqiólrK äiamaf,a tallh jk w;r tys fjki fomi fnd;a;ï
j, wod, ixfla;o i|ykaj ;sîuhs' fuh jdhqiólrKh i|yd
muKlau neúka fuf,i fnd;a;ï u;u ixfla; i|ykaj ;sfnhs'
fuh u.ska miqmi u.Ska fofokdg wjYH whqre Tjqkaf.a wiqka
iSudj, WIaK;ajh Tjqkagu md,kh ls¯u l<yelsh'
fuys i|yka whqre u.ska y;r fokd i;= wiqka iSudj,
WIaK;ajh fjka fjkaj md,kh ls¯u i|yd ta ta iSud i|yd fjka
fjkaj *a,ema ls%hdlrùu;a ,ndfok isis,a fyda WKqiqï jd; Odrdj
fukau tys WIAK;ajh;a md,kh l, hq;=fjhs' we;eï úg fuu tla
iSudjl isg wfkla iSudfõ WIaK;aj fjki wxYl tll fyda foll
fjkila neúka th ,nd°ug fuu md,kh b;d ksj/†j fukau
ixfõ°j is≥úh hq;=fjhs' ta i|yd fuu moaO;sfha lr we;s úfYaI
fjkia lï lsysmhla fidhd n,uq'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
■ moaO;sfha jd;h fnod y˙k wdldrh
äiamaf,a hqksÜ
jd; msgjqï ljqΩ
jd; msgjqï ljqΩ
moaO;sfha jd; ljΩ u.ska jd;h fnod y˙k whqre
fuu igyfkka olajd we;af;a wm ksoiqkg .;a r:fha
wiqka y;r wh;a iSudjka y;r i|yd tlsfklg fjkia w.fha
WIaK;ajh ,nd°ug íf,dajrh u.ska isis,a jd;h fnod y˙k
wdldrhhs' tlu r:h ;=, WIaK;aj w.hka folla md,kh jk
BMW iy Audi fudagr® r:j,g wh;a ixlSr®K jdhqiólrK
moaO;s folla ms<sn|j 32 iy 33 m˙Éf√o j,ska wm wOHkh
l, w;r fuys ksoiqkg .;a r:fhao thg fnfyúka iudk f,i
moaO;sh ksr®udKh lr ;sfnhs' tkï fuys° uq,skau msg;ska fyda
r:h we;=,;skau ,nd.;a jd;h bjmfr®grh yryd .ukalrjd
isis,a lr .kq ,efnhs' tu.ska tu jd;fha we;s c,jdIam bj;alr
wdr®ø;djho wvqlr .efkhs' bkamiq ta ta wiqkaj, isák u.Ska
úiska b,a,d we;s WIaK;ajh f;la tu jd;h ySÜ tlaiafÉkacr
u.ska WKqiqï lrkq ,efnhs'
fuhg fmr wm wOHhkh l, Audi iy BMW r: fofla
we;=,; WIaK;ajh fjka fjkaj ;nd.kq ,enqfõ r:h we;=,;
jïmi iy ol=Kq mi f,i fldgia follg fnod tu ljqΩ ;=,ska
yuk jd; Odrdj wvq jeä ls¯fuks' ta wkqj tys ySÜ tlaiafÉkacrh
fldgia follg fnod fjka fjkaj WIaK;ajh md,kh ls¯fuka
b,a,d we;s WIaK;aj w.hka fol iemhSu l, yels úh' tfy;a
fuu r:fha tf,i iSud y;rl tlsfklg fjkia WIaK;aj w.hka
y;rla mj;ajd .; hq;=fjhs' ta wkqj fuys° fjka fjkaj WIaK;aj
md,kh i|yd ySÜ tlaiafÉkacr y;rla wjYH fjhs'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK 
 
 fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK
■ moaO;sfha jd; ljqΩ ie,iqu
íf,dajrh w;sfr®l ySgrh
*s,g
a rh ysÜ tlaiafÉkacr®$ol=K miqmi uOH jd; ljqΩj
jdhqiólrKh ysÜ tlaiafÉkacr®$ ju *qÜfj,a ljqΩj $ ju
wjg jd;h bjmfr®grh
wiqka y;r i|yd fjka fjkaj WIaK;aj md,kh
4C la,hsueÜá%la l%uh hgf;a wiqka y;r i|yd úúO
WIaK;aj w.hka ,ndfok whqre fuu igyfkka hï muKlg
wjfndaO lr.; yelsh' fuys íf,djr® fudagrh u.ska msg; jd;h
fomi ljqΩ follska *s,agr (dust& pollen filter ) folla yryd
we;=,g weo f.k bjmfr®grhg fhduq lrhs' bjmfr®grh ;=,ska
.uka ls¯fï° isis,a jk jd;h fomi we;s ysÜ tlaiafÉkacr yryd
jd; ljqΩ (air outlet) j,g fhduq flfrhs' fuu m%Odk ySÜ
tlaiafÉkacr fol b†˙ fomi wiqka folg b,a,d we;s WIaK;aj
w.h ,ndfok f,i fjk fjku WKqiqï flfrhs' fuys° b,a,d
we;af;a b;d wvq WIAK;aj w.hla kï tys° ySÜ tlaiafÉkacr
WKqiqï fkdjk w;r isis,a jd;h tf,iu msg lrkq ,nhs'
miqmi wiqka fol i|ydo f.k we;af;a fuf,i b†˙
ySÜ tlaiafÉkacr yryd tk jd; Odrdfjkau fldgila jk w;r
tys° miqmi wiqkl u.sfhl= úiska b†˙ u.shd b,a,d we;s
WIaK;ajhg jvd jeä WIaK;aj w.hla b,a,d we;s kï tu jd;
Odrdj ;j ≥rg;a WKqiqï ls¯ug w;sfr®l ySgr folla fjk fjku
miqmi u.S wiqka fol i|yd fhdojd ;sfnhs' hï fyhlska miqmi
u.shd úiska b,a,d we;af;a b†˙ u.shdg jvd wvq WIaK;ajhla kï
tys° mdo uÜgug ,efnk jd; Odrdj *a,ema u.ska wvq lr uOH
ljqΩfjka ,ndfok isis,a jd;h jeä lr tu wvqj jid .kshs'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
■ miqmi *qÜfj,a äiaá%ìhqgr® yjqisu
*a,ema fldkafg%da,a
fudagrh
ySÜ tlaiafÉkacr® fgïmfr®pr® fikair®
miqmi wiqka i|yd fjka fjkaj iújk *qÜfj,a äiaá%ìhqgrh
fuys olajd we;af;a miqmi wiqkla i|yd jQ *qÜfj,a
(Foot ell) äiaá%ìhqgr® yjqisuhs' miqmi wiqka fol i|yd fuhska
folla fjka fjkaj iújk w;r tajd ;ekam;aj we;af;a b†˙ wiqka
hámisks' fuh u.ska msg flfrk jd;fha WIaK;ajh b,a,d we;s
WIaK;ajhg jvd wvq úg fuu ySÜ tlaiafÉkacrh u.ska tu jd;h
;j ≥rg;a WKqiqï lrkq ,efnhs' b,a,d we;s WIaK;ajh wvq
w.hlakï *a,ema fldkafg%da,a fudagrh u.ska *a,ema tl jid fuu
WKqiqï jd;h wvq lrk w;r fikag%,a ljqΩ j,ska ksl=;ajk isis,a
jd;h jeä lr kshñ; WIaK;aj w.h mj;ajd .efkhs'
tka‚fï l+,kaÜ c,fhka fuu ySÜ tlaiafÉkacr fol
WKqiqï ls¯u wmyiq fjhs' thg fya;=j ta i|yd WKqiqï c,h fuh
iújk wiqka hgg f.k tau iy ta i|yd fjku mïma jE,aõ hqksÜ
iú ls¯u wmyiq ùuhs' fï ksid fuu moaO;sh ksr®udKh lr
we;af;a miqmi moaO;shg iújk fuu ySÜ tlaiafÉkacr ú≥,s
Odrdjlska WKqiqï ls¯ugh' la,hsfuÜá%la md,k tallh u.ska
fuhg imhk Odrdj md,kh ls¯fuka wjYH WIaK;ajh md,kh
ls¯uo is≥fjhs' md,khlska hq;=j fuu ySÜ tlaiafÉkacr WKqiqï
ls¯ug ilid we;s wdldrh miqj úia;r flfrkq we;'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK 
 
 fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK

■ thdr® lkaäIkr® tallh /Air conditioner unit c,h fjk fjku ,nd° ;sfì' ySÜ tlaiafÉkacr folg fgïmfr®pr
fikair folla fjku iújk w;r bjmfr®grhg iúj we;af;a
wm wOHhkhg ;ks fgïmfr®pr® fikairhls'
f;da r d.;a r:fha thdr®
■ ySÜ tlaiafÉkacrh /Heat Exchanger
lkaäIka hqksÜ tl fuys
olajd we;' wfkl=;a r:j,
fukau fuyso bjmfr®grh WKq c,h msgùu
fukau ySÜ tlaiafÉkacrh
;ekam;aj mj;S' tfy;a fuys
fjka fjkaj WIaK;aj md,kh
is≥jk ksid ySÜ tlaifa Ékacr
folla iy tajdg WIaK;aj WKq c,h
fika ir folla iúj ;sfnhs' we;=,aùu
thdr®lkaäIka hqksÜ tl
thg wu;rj bjmfr®grhgo fgïmfr®pr® fikairhla iúj
;sfnhs' fuh b;d ixlSr®K hqksÜ tlla neúka tys ls%hdld˙;ajh
i|yd iafgmr® fudagr 15 la *a,ema ls%hdlrùu i|yd fhduqj ;sfnhs' ySÜ tlaiafÉkacrh fldgia follska ksr®udKh ù we;s whqre
ySÜ tlaiafÉkacrfha ksr®udKh fuys olajd we;' th
fldgia follg fnod we;s w;r md,khlska hq;=j fjk fjku
íf,dajrh WKq c,h tka‚fuka iemhSfuka md,k tallhg wjYH w.hg fuh
bjmfr®gr® fgïmfr®pr® fjka fjkaj WKqiqï flfr®' ta wkqj bjmfr®grfhka msgfjk isis,a
fikairh jd;h fuf,i ySÜ tlaiafÉkacrh yryd .uka ls¯fï° wjYH
WIaK;aj w.h ,nd.efka'
mïma jE,aõ hqksÜ /Pump valve unit
ySgr® fldkafg%da,a WKq c,h fuys olajd we;af;a
jE,aõ ^tka‚fuka& ySÜ tlaiafÉkacr i|yd
bjmfr®grh
WKqc,h tkï l+,kaÜ
fmdïm lrk iy md,kh
lrk jE,aõ hqksÜ tlhs'
ySÜ tlaiafÉkacrh tka‚fï isg iDcqju WKq
fgïma$fikairh
c,h iïnkaO l,fyd;a
ySÜ tlaiafÉkacrh tka‚ka fõ.h wkqj tys
thdr® lkaäIka hqksÜ tll we;=,; ksr®udKh .,dhduo fjkia ù md,k
fuys olajd we;af;a thdr® lkaäIkrh ;=, fldgia iúj tallhg WIaK;ajh
we;s wdldrhhs' fuys bjmfr®grh úfYaI wdf,amhla iys;j md,kh ls¯u wmyiqfõ'
WKq c,h $
ksmojd we;s w;r tu.ska tys nelaà˙hd jr®Okh ùu;a" fuu ySÜ tlaiafÉkacrt i|yd fï ksid fuys olajd we;s
bjmfr®gr mrK ùfï† bka ksl=;ajk ≥Ûo;a j<lajd ;sfnhs' fuys l+,kaÜ mïma ú≥,s fudagrhla iys;
ySÜ tlaiafÉkacrh fldgia follag fnod tu fldgia folg WKq mïma jE,aõ hqksÜ ksr®udKh l+,kaÜ fmdïmh u.ska
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK 
 
 fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK
iEu úgu tlu w.fhka l+,kaÜ fmdïm ls¯u is≥fõ' fldkafg%da,a
jE,aõ fol u.ska tu WKqc,h md,kh ls¯u md,k tallh u.ska
is≥fõ' fï i|yd fydaia lfklagr 6 la fuu tallhg we;=,;afõ'
my; igyfkka tu ie,iqu olajd we;'
■ l+,kaÜ ixirK m˙m:h
l+,kaÜ fmdïmh
jïmi ySÜ tlaif
a Ékacrh isg ˙gka
l+,kaÜ
ol=Kq mi ySÜ jïmi ySÜ
tlaiafÉkacrhg tlaiafÉkacrhg
ySÜ fr.shqf,agr ySÜ fr.shqf,agr
jE,ajh $ol=K jE,ajh $ju
mïma jE,aõ hqksÜ tl u.ska ySÜ tlaiafÉkacr WKqiqï lrk
wdldrh
mïma jE,aõ hqksÜ tfla ie,iqu fuys olajd we;' fuys
uQ,sl ls%hdld˙;ajh ySÜ tlaiafÉkacr fol yryd l+,kaÜ ixirKh
lrùuhs' fuys° ySÜ tlaiafÉkacr fol i|yd jQ fmdïm bïm,r®
folu ls%hdlrkafka ;ks fudagrhlsks' fuys° fudagrh fhdod
we;af;a ysÜ tlaiafÉkacr ;=,g WKq c,h fmdïm ls¯ug fkdj bka
msg;g weo .ekqugh' fuf,i l+,kaÜ msg ls¯fï° wfkla miska
we;=,aùu is≥fjhs' tfia lr we;af;a l+,kaÜ we;=,g fmdïm ls¯ug
fh≥jfyd;a jE,ajh jik úg fmdïmh ´jr® f,daâ jk neúks'
ySÜ fr.shqf,agr jE,aõ ls%hdlrùu la,hsfuÜá%la md,k
tallh u.ska is≥fjhs' tla tla u.shd úiska b,a,d isák WIaK;aj
w.h wkqj ljqΩ j,ska msgfjk jd;fha WIaK;ajh md,kh
flfrkafka wod, ySÜ tlaiafÉkacrh kshñ; w.hg WKqiqï
ls¯fuks' tu ySÜ tlaiafÉkacrh kshñ; w.hg WKqiqïlr
;nd.kafka fuu ySÜ fr.shqf,agr jE,aõ u.ska imhk WKq c,h
iSud ls¯fuks' fuu ySÜ tlaiafÉkacr folg fjka fjkaj WIaK;aj
fikair folla fhdod we;af;a fuu md,kh i|ydh'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
■ *s%fhdka .Eia moaO;sh'
tlaiamEkaIka áhqí
isis,a jd;h
ir®úia fmdar®Ü
yhs m%Ir®
welshqñf,agrh ir®úia fmdar®Ü
f,da m%Ir®
thdr® íf,dajr®
fldïm%irh
lkafvkair®
.Eia m%Ir®$fgïmfr®p®r®
fikair® wjg jd;h
*s%fhdka .Eia moaO;sfha ie,iqu
fuys olajd we;af;a wm ksoiqkg .;a VW Passat r:fha
fhdod we;s jdhqiólrK .Eia moaO;shhs' wo f,dj mj;sk w;s
ixlSr®K;u la,hsfïÜ fldkafg%da,a moaO;sh fuu r:hg we;=,;aj
we;s kuq;a tys fuu .Eia moaO;sh t;rï kùlrKh ù ke;' fuys
fhdod we;af;a wm 253 jk msgqfjka W.;a tlaiamEkaIka áhqí iys;
jdhqiólrK .Eia moaO;sh neúka tys ls%hdld˙;ajh kej; fuys
úia;r ls¯u wjYH fkdfõ' tfy;a fuys jdhqiólrK fldïm%irh
fndfyda ≥rg kùlrKh jQjls' ta hgf;a tys fldïm%ir® la,pho
bj;a lr we;' tys mSvkh la,hsfuÜfg%dksla md,k tallh u.skau
md,kh jk w;r ta i|yd uQ,sl f,i fuys olajd we;s .Eia m%Ir®
fgïmfr®pr® fikairh u.ska iemfhk ix«j fhdod .efkhs'
fuu jdhqiólrKh u.ska wdik y;r i|yd tlsfklg
fjkia jQ WIaK;aj w.hka ,nd°fï° tys bjmfr®gr WIaK;ajh
fukau ySÜ tlaiafÉkacr WIaK;ajho ksh; w.hl ;nd .ekqu b;d
jeo.;afõ' tfy;a fjkiajk tka‚ka fõ. hgf;a th myiqjla
fkdfõ' ukao tka‚ka fõ.h jeäjk úg fldïm%ir® fõ.h by<
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK 
 

fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK

hdu ksid bjmfr®grh jvd;a isis,a fõ' tfukau tu by< tka‚ka isis,aù th u; whsia ne£u je<laùug ;r®uiageÜ iaúphla u.ska
fõ.fha° fjdagr® mïma tlo fõ.j;a ùu ksid ySÜ tlaiafÉkacr® fldïm%irh úikaê ls¯ug wjYH fkdfõ' úfYaIfhkau r:h mdr®la
WIaaK;ajho fjkia fjhs' fuys° fjkiajk ySÜ tlaiafÉkacr lrk wjia:dj, b;d fiñka r:h tyd fuyd f.k hdfï°
WIaK;ajh i|yd úl,am ms<shula f,i fjku bf,laá%la fldïm%irh läka lv ì£fï° is≥jk CI◊l tka‚ka fõ.
fmdïmhla iy md,k jE,aõ fhdod.;a whqre fmr f√ofhka úia;r fjkiaùu r:h yeisrùu wmyiqlrjk w;r fuys° tu fodaIho
úh' tfiau fjkiajk tka‚ka fõ.h hgf;a bjmfr®gr WIaK;ajh bj;aj ;sfnhs' oeka wms fuu fldïm%irfha úfYaI ksr®udKh
ksh;j ;nd.ekqugo fuys fldïm%irh úYd, jYfhka fjkialr wOHhkh lruq'
md,k tallh u.ska tys mSvkh md,kh ls¯ug i,iajd ;sfnhs' ta
ms<sn|jo fuys° ±kqj;a fjuq' fuys olajd we;af;a
■ ndysrj md,kh jk jdhqiólrK fldïm%ir (A) 60 jk ms
g fq jka wm wOHhkh
Externally regulated A.C. compressor l, fõ˙hn,a äiamf a ,aiu
a kaÜ
fldïm% i rhls ' tys we,
;eáfha (swash plate)
yevh fjkia ls¯fuka A
igyk whqre fldïm%irh
we, ;eáh
fr.shqf,aáka u.ska tys mSvkh jeä ls¯u
jE,ajh fyda B igyk whqre th wvq
(B) ls¯u l< yelsfjhs' fuu
ls%hdld˙;ajh fldïm%irh
we;=,; mSvkfhkau is≥jk
whqre wm tu m˙Éf√ofhka
wjfndaO lr .;suq' fuu
fõ˙hn,a äiamaf,aiaukaÜ l%uhu uola ixlSr®K f,i
ls%hdld˙;ajh †hqKq lr fuys wm wOHhkh
la,É rys; ndysrj mSvkh md,kh jk fldïm%irh lrñka isák la,hsfuÜá%la moaO;sfha fhdod ;sfnhs' tys°o
is≥jkafka fuf,i we, ;eáfha yevh fjkia ls¯fuka mSvkh wvq
fuys olajd we;af;a fuu jdhqiólrK moaO;shg wh;a
jeä ls¯u kuq;a th is≥jkafka md,k tallh u.ska fr.shqf,aáka
fldïm%irh jk w;r fuh u.ska iEu tka‚ka fõ.hl°u tlu
jE,ajhg imhk Odrdj fjkia ls¯fuks' fuhg fmr igyfka fuu
mSvkhla ,nd.; yels f,i ksr®udKh lr ;sfnhs' thg wu;rj
fr.shqf,aáka jE,ajh fldïm%irh ;=, ;ekam;aj we;s whqre fmkajd
md,k tallh u.ska moaO;shg wjYH whqre tu mSvk w.h fjkia
;sfí' fuys° we, ;eáfha yevh iïmQr®Kfhkau bj;al, úg tys
ls¯fuka la,hsfïÜ fldkafg%da,a md,kh myiqlrùu fukau bkaOk
msiagka ls%hdld˙;ajh k;rjk neúka fuhg la,phla fh°u wjYH
b;s˙ ls¯uo is≥flfrhs' ta w;ru hïfyhlska fuu fldïm%irh
fkdfõ' ukao fldïm%irh k;r ls¯ug wjYHjk úg md,k
isr jqjfyd;a mq,sh muKla ksoyiaj lerlSug i,iajd ˙í fn,aÜ
tallhg fuu we, ;eáfha yevh bj;alr iDcqj mj;ajd
tl úkdY ùu j<lajk w;ru r:h k;r fkdlr ;j ≥rg;a
.ekqfuka msiagka ls%hdld˙;ajh k;r l, yels neúks' fï w;r
fjkila fkdue;sj Odjkh ls¯ugo ie,iqï lr ;sfnhs'
r:fha u.Ska úiska jeä WIaK;aj w.hla b,a,d we;s úg
fuu fldïm%irfha la,É fid,fkdhsvh bj;a lr
bjmfr®grh jvd;a isis,a ls¯u wjYH fkdfõ' tf,i jd;h jvd;a
jdhqiólrKh wkjYH úg th we;=,;skau mSvkh ùu j<lajd
isis,a jQ úg th kej; wxYl jeä .Kklg WKqiqï ls¯uo wmyiq
ksoyfia th lerlSug i,iajd ;sfnhs' túg bjmfr®grh jvd;a
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK 
 
 fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK
jk fyhsks' tfy;a fuu ndysrj mSvkh fjkia l, yels úfYaI
fldïm%ir® fhdod .ekqfï° tjka wjia:dj, fr.shqf,agr® jE,ajh
ls%hdlrjd fldïm%ir® mSvkh kshñ; w.hg muKla wvqlr
mj;ajd.; yelsùfuka bkaOk b;s˙hlao l,yels fõ' tfukau
moaO;sho iqugj md,kh l, yelsfõ'
■ ´jr®f,daâ ùfï† mq,sh úikaê ls¯u
(A)
rnr® t<sukaÜ
fuys A igyfkka v%hõs
olajd we;af;a fldïm%Ir® äiala
la,ph ls%hd;aulùu i|yd
v%hsõ fn,aÜ tfla isg n,h
rnr®
fldïm%ir® Id*aÜ tlg .,dhk t<sukaÜ
wdldrhhs' fldïm%irfha v%hõ
s fuhg fmr 06 jk m˙Éf√ofhka wm wOHhkh l,
Id*aÜ tlg iïnkaO v%hsõ
maf,aÜ tl >k rnr® fldgila
yryd iïnkaO jk w;r tu rnr® (B) n,h .,dhdu
fldgi yryd n,h fldïm%Ir® Id*aÜ
v%hsõ äiala
tlg iïfm%aIKh fõ'
fuu B igyfkka olajd we;af;a úikaê ùu
fldïm%irh isr jqjfyd;a fldïm%ir®
v%hsõ Id*aÜ tl mq,sfhka fjka lrk
wdldrhhs' tys° yevh fjkiajk rnr®
fldgi u.ska B;, u.ska olajd we;s
whqre rnr® fldgi we, lr v%hsõ maf,aÜ
tl;a mq,sh;a úikaê lr mq,shg muKla
lerlSug ie,eiaùfuka r:h w;r u.
k;r fkdlr .uk wjika lr fiajdj
i|yd f.khdug yelsfõ' fuys° fuu
rnr® fldgi we;s,a,S úkdY ù hk kuq;a
isrjqkq fldïm%irh wΩ;ska fhdok ksid
th .egΩjla fkdfõ' rnr® t<sukaÜ
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
■ fr.shqf,aáka jE,ajh iújk whqre
(A) ➤ (B)
˙í fn,aÜ
fldïm%ir® fldïm%irh
Id*aÜ
fuu A igyfkka kej;;a
➤
fr.shf
q ,aáka
jE,ajh
olajd we;af;a ndysr md,kfhka
hq;a jdhqiólrK fldïm%irhhs' C
n,h .,dhdu igyfkka olajd we;s fr.shqf,aáka
jE,ajh th ;=,g .s,ajd iams%ka (C)
f,dla fjdIrhlska isr lr ;sfnhs'
fn,aÜ mq,s
fõ˙hn,a äiamaf,aiaukaÜ jr®.hg wh;a fldïm%ir j, fukau
fuu fldïm%irfhao .Eia mSvk w.h iSreudre jkafka tys we,
;eáfha (s ash plate) we, yevh (inclination) fjkia ls¯fuks'
tfy;a fuys we;s fjki tu mSvk md,kh la,hsfuÜfg%dksla md,k
tallh u.ska ndysrj is≥ùuhs' fuys olajd we;s fr.shqf,aáka
jE,ajhg md,k tallh u.ska imhk Odrdfõ ähqá ihsl,a w.h
(puls idth) wkqj th ;=, we;s ma,kacrfha msysàu fjkia
ls¯fuka we,;eáh u; ls%hdlrk mSvkh fjkia ls¯u;a tu.ska
fldïm%irh u.ska we;s lrk .Eiaa mSvkh fjkia ls¯u;a fuys°
is≥fjhs' fuu fldïm%irfha la,ph u.ska is≥jQ fiajdj tkï
fldïm%irh wlS%h ls¯uo fuu fr.shqf,aáka jE,ajfhka is≥ jkafka
th wlS%h jQ úg we,;eáfha yevh tys ls%hdld¯ iSudfjka yels;dla
wvq ls¯u ksidfjks' tkï fldïm%irh mSvkh jkafka fuu
fr.shqf,aáka jE,ajh u.ska we,;eáh we, lrk m%udKfhks'
fuf;la wm wOHhkh l, úfYaIs; ls%hdld˙;ajhka ,nd
.ekqu i|yd fuu úfYaI la,hsfïÜ fldkafg%da,a moaO;shg fikair
iy welapqfõgr úYd, .kkla fhdod ;sfnhs' ó<Û m˙Éf√ofhka
tajd fjkafjkaj wjfndaO lr .ksuq'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk