Gps v thit b u cui ngi s dng - B thu GPS

Hin nay cng ngh GPS ang c ng dng rng ri Vit Nam, ngy cng tr
nn thit thc trong i sng. Trong bi vit ny ti mun cung cp n cc bn
nhng kin thc c bn v h thng GPS v ng dng ca n, cc thnh phn GPS
v c bit l thit b u cui ngi s dng
Vikinthccnhnchnnbivitcnhiuthiustrtmongcsng
gpcaccbnticthhonthnhbivitcamnh.
1.GPS l g
Hthngnhvtoncu(GPS)lmthnhvthngquavtinhchnh
thnhtnhngnm1970.Sau,ncphttrinhonthinvqunlbiB
qucphngM(DoD).VtinhGPSutincphngvothngHainm1978
vtunhngnm1990,GPSbtucsdngtrongdns.Chnhph
Mdnhringmcnhvchnhxccaonhtchoquni,tuynhinhcng
phttrinmthuthC/Achomcchdndng.
2.Cc thnh phn 1 h thng GPS
HthngGPSbaogm3phncbn:phnkhnggian,phniukhinv
phnngisdng.

Cc thnh phn h thng GPS

Phn khng gian:
Gm cc v tinh GPS. GPS c thit
k vi 24 v tinh khng gian, trong mi
8 v tinh di chuyn trn mt qu o trn,
tuy nhin sau c iu chnh li thnh
6 qu o vi mi 4 v tinh trn mt qu
o. 6 qu o c nghing xp x 55
(so vi ng xch o ca tri t) v c
chiabiccgc60giaccgiaoimca
quo.

 Cc v tinh c sp xp sao cho c t nht 6 v tinh lun lun nm trong

tm nhn t hu ht cc im trn b mt tri t. Cc v tinh c cao so vi
mtncbinxpx20.200km,chuynngvivntckhngivokhong
11.250km/h.Mivtinhhonthnhhaivngquotrongthigianmtngy
(tnhtheothigianxoayquanhtrccatritxttmtnhtinh,bng23gi,
56pht,4.09giy).
Tnhnthiimthng3nm2008,c31vtinhhotngtrongchm
vtinhGPS.Ccvtinhcbsungchophptngchnhxccaccphp
tnhtrnbthunhccphpobsung.
Phn iu khin
CcngbaycavtinhcgimstbicctrmiukhincaKhng
lcHoaKticckhuvckhcnhau.Thngtingimstcgivtrmiu
khintrungtmvsautrungtmnylinlcvitngvtinhcpnhtnh
hngthngk.Cccpnhtnyngbnghnguynttrnccvtinh
trongphmvimtvinanogiyviuchnhlchthinvncamimhnhqu
obntrongcavtinh.
Phn ngi s dng
MtbthuGPSngincangisdngbaogmng-ten,vmtmun
thu,xltnhiuthuc.Chngcngcthbaogmccbphnhinth
cngcpccthngtinvtr,tc,haybnchng.

BthuGPStnhtonvtrcanbngvictnhtonvsosnhthigian
truyntnhiutlcncgitvtinhnkhinhnctibthutrnmt
t. Mi v tinh truyn lin tc cc bn tin c cha thi gian bn tin c gi i,
thng tin qu o chnh xc, tnh trng h thng chung.BthuGPSothigian
truyncamibntingitvtinhvtnhtonkhongcchtivtinh.Php
ohnhhcbacnhtamgiccsdngkthpcckhongcchnycng
vtrcaccvtinhxcnhvtrcabthu.Tuynhintrnthct,mtsai
snhcathigiannhnvivntcrtlncanhsng(cnglvntclan
truyncasngint)sgyrasaisvkhongcchngk.Dovyccb
thusdngthmmtvtinhhiuchnhnghcachng.Trongmts
trnghpnubitmttrongccthngstakhnggian,vdnhcao,
chngtachcn3vtinhxcnhcvtrchnhxc.
3. B thu GPS
KhininthitbucuiGPSngitathngccchhiukhcnhau,
nhngytichninbthuGPSngin,tclnchthutnhiuGPSri

adliuraura.
DiylhnhnhmtsbthuGPS

SKYLABGB10

GPM100

GPM1315HOLUX
M-89
NgoiracnmtsmunLEA-5S,LEA-5H,HOLUXGR89
Khimuaccmoduletrnthtrngthngc2loi:mtloinhskylab
GB10trncthitksnmchphtr,mtloikhclmunchac
thitkmchsdngctaphithitkmchphtrchon.
DiylhnhnhKITGR89baogmmtmunGPSM89,viiukhin,
LCDvccphmchcnng.


D liu u ra GPS l g?
munGPShotngtaphicmngunvlpantenthutnhiu.Mun
GPSsaukhithuctnhiutvtinhstnhtonvtrva d liu ra theo
chun giao tip USART qua chn TX.Diylhnhnhminhhaurad
liucamunGPSM89

SNGUYNLM-89
ychngtacthnhnthy2chntx,rxcamunGPSM89.Khithu
cdliuchns8GIPOnhpnhy1s/1ln,mtsmunkhccthl
chnPPS,cinyccbnnnckdatasheet.Dliuctruynrangoiqua

chn TX, Cu trc d liu ny tun theo chun truyn d liu NMEA0183, theo
chuk1s/1ln. y chn RX c dung cu hnh cho m un GPS nhng
thng khng s dng n.
NMEA(hayNMEA0183)lsmtchungiaothcchotruynthnggiacc
thitbintdngchotuthynhccthitbotcgi,labn,mylit
ng,thitbthuGPSvrtnhiuccthitbkhccnhnghavphttrin
biHiphiinttuthyqucgiaHoaK(NMEA).
Chun NMEA 0183 sdngccktASCII,giaothctruynthngnitipquy
nhcchmtthitbgitruynmtcudliutithitbnhntimtthi
im.
tngngdng,chunNMEAquynhnidungcckiucudliuchophp
thitbnhnckhnngphntchdliumtcchchnhxc.Cccudliu
ubtubngkt$vktthcbng<CR><LF>
iviccccthitbGPS,ttccccudliuubtubng$GPxxx
trongxxxlloibntin.Mtsloicudliuthngsdng:
-

GGA: Globalpositioningsystemfixeddata

GLL: Geographicposition-latitude/longitude

GSA: GNSSDOPandactivesatellites

GSV: GNSSsatellitesinview

RMC:RecommendedminimumspecificGNSSdata

VTG: Courseovergroundandgroundspeed

ylbntinNMEA0183thctcamunGPM1315thuckhiktli
chnTXlnmytnhtrongthigian2stinhD9-DHBKHN:
$GPRMC,024122.000,A,2059.2193,N,10550.0318,E,0.00,,070809,,,A*7D

$GPGGA,024123.000,2059.2193,N,10550.0318,E,1,05,1.7,27.0,M,-

20.7,M,,0000*48

$GPGSA,A,3,30,26,14,31,16,,,,,,,,3.3,1.7,2.8*39

$GPGSV,3,1,11,31,51,343,30,14,47,070,29,16,46,201,18,32,33,314,*78

$GPGSV,3,2,11,22,33,162,22,30,16,039,29,26,15,103,21,29,14,088,*77

$GPGSV,3,3,11,20,11,318,,06,02,189,,18,02,151,*4B

$GPRMC,024123.000,A,2059.2193,N,10550.0318,E,0.00,,070809,,,A*7C

$GPGGA,024124.000,2059.2193,N,10550.0318,E,1,05,1.7,27.0,M,20.7,M,,0000*4F

$GPGSA,A,3,30,26,14,31,16,,,,,,,,3.3,1.7,2.8*39

$GPGSV,3,1,11,31,51,343,30,14,47,070,29,16,46,201,18,32,33,314,*78

$GPGSV,3,2,11,22,33,162,22,30,16,039,29,26,15,103,21,29,14,088,*77

$GPGSV,3,3,11,20,11,318,,06,02,189,,18,02,151,*4B

Nhvyysaumi giy GPS a ra mt chui bn tin.

CcthngscabntinnhthnocththamkhotrongtiliuvNMEA.
ytichphntchbntinGPRMCvylbntinchatngiy
ccthngsphcvtrongnhv,gimstdnng.

$GPRMC,024122.000,A,2059.2193,N,10550.0318,E,0.00,,070809,,,A*7D

+024122GiUTC02:41:22(ylgiquctchuynsanggivitnamcng
thm7h:nhvygivitnam:09:41:22)
+ACnhbobthuGPS.NuthucktAnhtrnngnghamodulethu
ctnhiu(dliuhpl),nuthucchVcnghamodulechaxcnh
cvtrlcuravncdliu1s/1lnnhngldliuclutr
lnthucdliugnnht
+2059.2193,NV2059.2193phtBc
+10550.0318,EKinh10550.0318phtng
+0.00TctrnmtttnhtheonvKnots
+070809NgyUTC07/08/2009
...

BntinGMRCythiumtsthngs,cthyldoshtrcamodule
thugpm1315chay.
VysaukhidliuarachnTXcsdngnhthno.ytiara
vidumththngqunlphngtingiaothngangcsdngphbin
ncta:

MunthuGPSttrnphngtinthutnhiunhvsaugiquamng
GPRSlnsever,ngiqunlcthdngmytnhtruynhpvomngxem
vtr,ccthngtinkhcvphngtin.
ylmtmchtilmphcvchomcchnhvy,Boardmchct
trnphngtincnqunl,tuytrnmchcphntruyndliuquangb
mphcvchoqunltaxivtunhctrnbin,nhngtikhngnin
y.ytichtrnhbycchmunGPSthudliurigivtrungtm:

MunGPSGPM1315saukhithucdliuvtinhmigiy1lnsau
cavochnviiukhin,viiukhinxllydliucnthitgisau
truynquamngGSM,GPRSvtrungtm.ymuntruynnhndliu
GSMlmunSIM300CZcasimcomnhccbnnhnthynhhnhv.Hng
simcom cng sn xut 1 m un bao gm c GPS v GSM/GPRS l sim548 rt
tinlichoqutrnhnghincusinhvin.
DiylskhigiaotipmunGPS,viiukhin,GSM.

 Vi iu khin thng c cp ngun 5V, khi mc logic 1 tng ng

khong in p 3.7V n 5V. Trong khi GPS thng s dng in p 3.3V,
vy khng th ni trc tip chn GPS n vi iu khin, vy y ti s dng opto
quang m in p logic t 3.3V ln 5V.

4.Tch d liu GPS.

Sauytistrnhbycodenginvcchtchbnrin$GPRMCtGPS
givviiukhinATMEGA128hinthlnLCDnhhnhbndicncch
truyndliuquaSIM300ccbncththamkhotrongccbivitsau.

TathymigiydliuGPSgivviiukhinmtln,nhimvcaviiu
khinlnhnbitkhinobntingivvtchnhngthngtincnthit.
Cnctchdliu:
+CncphnbitbntinGPRMC:cnhiucchnhnbitbntinGPRMC,
ytiphnbitbntinGPRMCviccbntinkhcchci"R".
+Tchthngtinta
$GPRMC,024122.000,A,2059.2193,N,10550.0318,E,0.00,,070809,,,A*7D
ylmtbntinGPRMCytidngthtcakittch,nhngtathy
rngtyshtrmunkhcnhauththngtincthkhcnhau.Vdy
bntincaGPRMCcaGPM1315thiuthngtininttrng.
$GPRMC,024122.000,A,2059.2193,N,10550.0318,E,0.00,"thiu",070809,,,A*7D

nhngvnc2duphy,nhvytheotinndngcchtchthngtindatheo
du","sechinhxachn.
ylcchtchcodeGPSatrongsrtnhiuphngphptiaracc
bnthamkho,trnh bin dch s dng codevision:
ychnTXcaGPSnhccbnthycnivichnRXD0caviiu
khinATMEGA128.TrctintacuhnhchocngUSART0nhndliut
GPS.ytcdliucaGPM131l9600kbps.

Chiudicabmdliubnthitlptytheosktmbnmunlutr.

#include<mega128.h>
unsignedchari,j,start=0,rmc_data[75];;

interrupt[USART0_RXC]voidusart0_rx_isr(void)
{
charstatus,data;
status=UCSR0A;
data=UDR0;
if((status&(FRAMING_ERROR|PARITY_ERROR|DATA_OVERRUN))
==0)
{
if(start==1)
{
rx_buffer0[rx_wr_index0]=data;
rx_wr_index0++;
if(data==10)//ketthuckhungtruyenrmc
{
start=0;
rx_wr_index0=0;
rx_buffer_overflow0=1;
}
}
elseif(data=='R')start=1;
};
}

voidmain(void)

while(1)
{
if(rx_buffer_overflow0==1)
{
for(i=0;i<75;i++)rmc_data[i]=rx_buffer0[i];
rx_buffer_overflow0=0;
lcd_clear();
lcd_putsf("La:");
for(i=16;i<25;i++)
{
lcd_putchar(rmc_data[i]);
if(i==17)lcd_putchar('"');
}
lcd_gotoxy(14,0);
lcd_putchar(rmc_data[26]);
lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
lcd_putsf("Lo:");
for(i=28;i<38;i++)
{
lcd_putchar(rmc_data[i]);
if(i==30)lcd_putchar('"');
}
lcd_gotoxy(14,1);

lcd_putchar(rmc_data[39]);

}
delay_ms(800);
lcd_clear();

};
}
y ch l mt trong rt nhiu phng php thu v phn tch d liu GPS.
PhngphpnysdngngtUSART,nhncthhikhhiunhngviiu
khinkhngphilintcidliuGPS,trongthigiannyviiukhincth
dngxlcngvickhc.Ngoiracrtnhiuphngphpkhctytheo
ngilptrnhkhcnhau,cmtphngphpmccbnmilptrnhhaydng
lviiukhinlintcichonkhinhnxongdliu,ytichara
mtcchccbnthamkho.