6

30 ( 1977 ) (Peak
performance) 3
(Physical fitness and sport skills) (Mental)
(Environment)
3 (Privette, 1982 cited in William, 2001,
pp. 169)


40% - 90% (William & Krane, 2001, pp. 137-147)

Golf My Way (1998)

90%
(Rushall, 1989 cited in William, 2001, p. 327)

(Smith & Christensen, 1995)

47
2 3

(Weiberg, 1988)
(Mental advantage)
90%
(Mahoney & Avener, 1977; Mahoney, Gabriel, & Perkins, 1987;
McMorris, Sproule, Draper, & Child, 2000; Gould, Eklund, & Jackson, 1992, Orlick & Partington,

1988)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

(Flow
state) (Jackson, 2000; Jackson & Csihszentmihalyi, 1999)

( , 2542, 370) (Jackson &

Roberts, 1992 cited in William, 2001, pp. 165) 9

1.

2.

3.
4.

5.

6.

7.
8.
9.
(Jackson, 1992,
1996)
9 1995 (Jackson,
1995)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
(Catley & Duda,
1997; Stein, Kimiecik, Daniels, & Jackson, 1995)



(McCaffrey & Orlick, 1989)

1.
2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
(Psychological Skill
Training; PST)

(Heishman & Bunker, 1989; Hughes, 1990)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
7.

(2554)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.


()

48 ( , 2554)


PST

PST

PST PST 2
1. (Muscle to Mind/Arousal control)
(Physical Self-regulation)



2. (Mind to Muscle/Cognitive control)

1. (Arousal control) Greenleaf Gould Dieffenbach (2001)

(Greenspan & Feltz,
1989; Myers, Whelan, & Murphy, 1996)
1.1 (Breathing exercise)

49

 (Complete breath)


3
1
2

3
3

30-40


(Sighing with exhalation)
10

(Rhythmic breathing) 1 4
1 4 1 4 1 4

1:2 4 8 5 1
5 1

1 5
2 4
5
3 3
4
4 2
3

 5 1
2

1.2 (Progressive Relaxation Exercise)

(Jacobson, 1993
cited in William, 2001, pp. 235-239)




80% 50%

(Thoughts Stopping)

(Concentration) ()

1.
2.

3.

 16
5 7 30 40



" ... (20 30 )
... (5 7 ) ...

3
(3-5 ) ...

...
...

...

...


...


...

...


50
...



...

...
...

4. ( )

2. (Imagery)

(Create or recreate and experience in the mind)

51

 Balance Beam


(Callow, Roberts, & Fawkes, 2006)
(Platform)

(Create) (Recreate)

(1999, pp. 266-273)

4
1. (Improve concentration)
2. (Build confidence)
3. (Control emotional responses)
4. (Acquire and practice skills)
(2543)

60

(2550)
20
(2551)

(2547)
12
4

 (Cox, 1985: p. 186)

(2545, 237 237)

(2542, 16)

(2541, 91)

5

(Feltz & Landers, 1983)
(Meta analysis) 33
146

52


(Jowdy, Murphy, & Durtschi, 1989)

(Jowdy et al., 1989)

(Mahoney & Avener, 1977) 2

(Isaac, 1992)

(Orlick & Partington, 1988)



(Rodgers, Hall, & Buckolz, 1991)

4
1.

2.

3.


3 (Vividness) (Controllability)
(Self-awareness)
(Vividness)
1



2





(Controllability)
1

2

(Self-awareness)
1




2

... ... ...
... ...
... ... ...
... ...
... ... ... ...
... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ...
... ... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ... ...
... ...
... ...
... ... ... ...
... ... ...... ...
... ... ... ...
... ... ...
... ...
... ......
... ... ... ...
......
... ... ... ... ... ...

4.

3. /
(Concentration/Attention)

53

.
.


1.
2.
3.
4.
(Nideffer, 1981)
1. (Width of
attention) 2 (Broad)


(Narrow)

54

2.
(Direction of attention) 2

(External)
(Internal)

(Internal distracters)
1. (Attending to past events)

(
)

2.
(Attending to future events)

? ?
?
55
?

?
?

3. (Choking)
Weinberg Gould (2007) Chocking
John McEnroe (1984 Weinberg and
Gould, 2007)

-
-
-

/


4. (Overanalyzing body mechanics)

5. (Fatigue)




(External Distracters)
1. (Visual Distracters)





2. (Auditory Distracters)

1. (Though Stopping)

(Changing negative self-talk to positive self-talk)

55

- !
()

-
- ...
1. (Use simulations in practice)

2.

3. (Establish routines)

4. (Develop competition plans)

()
5. (Practice eye control)

6. (Monitor yourself)

10
7. / (Over learn skills)

(Motor
coordination)




(Foster & Gibson, 2007)


Hall,
Hardy, & Hardy (2005)
(Van Raalte, Brewer, Cornelius, & Petitpas, 2006)

Hardy, Gammage and Hall (2001)

Hardy, Hall, and Hardy, 2005, p. 905)

Hackfort and Schwenkmezger (1993)

(Hardy,
Gammage, & Hall, 2001)
(Landin & Hebert,
56
1999; Ming & Martin, 1996; Perkos, Theodorakis, &
Chroni, 2002) focus (Gould,

Eklund, & Jackson, 1992; Landin & Hebert, 1999; Papaioannou, Ballon, Theodorakis, & Auwelle,
2004) (Landin & Hebert, 1999)
(Highlen & Bennett, 1983; Mahoney & Avener, 1977; Papaioannou et al.,
2004; Van Raalte, Brewer, Rivera, & Petitpas, 1994)
(Hardy et al., 2001) 2

1.





2.

3.

4.

5.





6.


(Self-talk)

(Motivation Self-talk)


Weiberg (1988) 2
(Positive Self-talk)



(Johnson-O Conner & Krischenbaum, 1982)
(Hamilton & Fremour, 1985) (Rushall, Hall, Roux, Sasseville, &
Rushall, 1988) (Dagrou, Gauvin, & Halliwell, 1992; Van Raalte, Brewer, Lewis, Linder,
Wildman, & Kozimor, 1995) (Rogerson &
Hrycaiko, 2002) Hardy (2005)
(Self-efficacy)
(Negative Self-talk)

57

 (Highlen & Bennett, 1983; Van Raalte,Brewer, Rivera,& Petitpas,

1994)
(Dagrou, Gauvin, & Halliwell, 1991; Rotella, Gansneder, Ojala, &
Billings, 1980; Van Raalte, Cornelius, Brewer, & Hattem, 2000)

Hstzigeoriadis, Theodorakis , & Zourbanos (2004)
2 (Motivational Self-talk)
(Instructional Self-talk Self-instructions)

(Theodorakis et al., 2001)
3

()
( ) (
) ( ) Malouff and
Murphy (2006)
Theodorakis et al. (2000)

3 2
2



2 (Malouff et al., 2008)
()
(Positive Imagery)
p
=.001, p = .000
(Theordorakis et al., 2001)






.001
Fast

(Awareness)
(Thought Stopping)


1 1
1

Hardy et al. (2009)


. 1994

4

12 2.44*7.32

Jordet (2006)
()
()

18.32
(Choking)
/

(Billsberry, Nelson, Van Meurs & Edwards, 2007) Wilson, Wood &
Vine (2009)


(Wood & Wilson, 2010) Berbatov (2009)
FA Cup

Jordet, Hartman, Visscher & Lemmink (2007)
1976-2006 26

 58% 75%
(Jordet,
Elferink-Gemser, Lemmink, & Visscher, 2006) McGarry & Franks (2000)
5
(European
championships) (Copa America)
(84.6% 82.7% 71.2% )
86.6%
( 83.1% 79.6% 73.6% )(Lemmink, 2000)
Bakker (2006)

1.

57 PST

2.

3.
Van Der Kamp (2006)

4.

5. Jordet et al. (2007)

58%
75%

(
)
2
2


1.
2.

3. ............................................
........................................................................... ............................................
4.
5.
6.

. (2550).
. .
. .
. (2551). .
. .
. (2542). :
. 21.
2-6 2542 ( 325-345). : .
. (2547).
. Aviable on
http://www.medihealing.com/documents/73772.
. (2554). (The Analysis of Athletes Mental
State). http://sportmindmatters.com/Need%20Analysis.html
. (2547). .
().
.
. (2545). .
: .

 . (2541). . . .
. (2543).
.
.
. (2546) . .4(35):
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