Bi Cung cau: Vit tt S D P Q Qd Qs E Pe Qe

Nguyn gc Supply Demand Price Quantity Quantity demanded Quantity supplied Elasticity

Ngha ting vit Cung Cu Gi (vt/vq) Lng (vq) Lng cu Lng cung S co gin

2.1. Nu thu nh vo nh SX (nh SX np thu) Thu T vt/vq vo hng ha X=> Cu kg i, Cung i thnh: Qs1=a+bP (b>0), sau thu T=> Qs(T)=a+bP-bT Tng thu CP thu=T*Qe2= TD chu ?vt/vq=Pe2-Pe1= SX chu ?vt/vq=T-TD chu= 2.2. Nu thu nh vo ngi TD (ngi TD np thu) Thu T vt/vq vo hng ha X=> Cung kg i, Cu i thnh: Qd1=c+dP (d<0), sau thu T=> Qd(T)=c+dP+dT Bi Co gin: TR=P*Q

%P

P2 %Q 1 P1 Ep Q2 %Q 1 %P * Ep Q1 TR2 %TR 1 (1+%P)*(1+%Q)-1 TR1

Cu tng x% so cu ban u ngha l cng 1 mc P kg i, lng cu Qd tng x% so vi lng cu ban u. Cung tng x% so cung ban u ngha l cng 1 mc P kg i, lng cung Qs tng x% so vi lng cung ban u.

1 P Ep * 2 Q

12/12/2012_MicroEconomic

Bi Kinh doanh in sang bng a. 1. TC=FC+AVC*Q Q=SP SX v bn/nm 2. TR=P*Q 3. LN=TR-TC 4. Ho vn

Qhv=
TRhv=

FC P-AVC

LN LN x% =x%=> = TC TR 100%+x%

LN LN y% =y%=> = TR TC 100%-y%
6. Gi ho vn Phv=AC=AFC+AVC

Phv=(

FC )+AVC Q

Ngng kinh doanh khi P=AVC Bi Kinh doanh khach san: Q=S lt phong cho thu/thng AVC=Bin phi/lt phong=Bin phi/phong/ngy

Hhv

Qhv Q max

LN=TP*Q-FC-VC LN=P*Q-FC-AVC*Q => LN+FC

P=

+AVC

Bi Nui Tm Tham gia kinh doanh<=>EV>=0 EV= Ky vong= Gi tr mong i EV= xs thng* Gia tr thng+ xs thua* Gi tr thua EV=(1-X)*60*10^6+X*(-40*10^6) X= l xs thua (%) =>X <= 60%

12/12/2012_MicroEconomic

Bi Li xut: Yt=FV=Gi tr tng lai Yo=PV=Hin gi

Yt=Yo*(1+i) X
=>

i=r=RATE=Li sut X=NPER=S ky=Ky t-Ky gc (0) Y20=Yo*(1+i)^(20-0)

Yo=

Yt =Yt*(1+i)-X X (1+i)

Yt=Yo*(1+i)^(Xt) Yo=Yt*(1+i)^(-Xo) => Yt=Yo*(1+i)^(X) => i=(

Yt=Yo*(1+i) Xt-Xo
1 Yt X ) -1 Yo

Yt=Yo*(1+i)^(X) =>

Yt Yo X= Log(1+i) Log

YtA=YoA*(1+iA)^(Xa) YtB=YoB*(1+iB)^(Xb) t YtA=YtB v Xa=Xb=X => YtA=K*YtB

K*YoB YoA <=> X= 1+iA Log Log(1+iB) Log

(1 i ) ( X ) 1 ] i 1 (1 i ) ( X ) Yo A *[ ] i Yt A *[
Gi tr xut hin ti cui k. A=PMT=S tin bng nhau/ky.

A=

Yo*i 1-(1+i)-X

A=

Yo*i (1+i) x -1

(1+r)^ Ky theo r=(1+i)^ Ky theo i =>

r (1 i )

ky _ theo _ r ky _ theo _ i

"Li sut thc" l li sut cng b cng ky gp li. "Li sut danh ngha" l li sut cng b khc ky gp li. i li sut danh ngha th i theo thi gian!!!

12/12/2012_MicroEconomic

Bi Ch tiu Kinh T 1. GDPn cc nm: GDPn nm t ($)=(Pt*Qt) ca tt c hng ha, dch v cui cng, tnh theo gi bn l nm t. 2. GDPr cc nm: GDPr nm t ($)=(Po*Qt) ca tt c hng ha, dch v cui cng, tnh theo gi bn l nm gc. 3. Tinh GDPd (GDP deflator) cc nm

GDPd nam t (100)=

4. Tinh CPI cc nm

GDPn nam t GDPr nam t

CPI nam t (100)=

(Pt*Qo) (Po*Qo)

ca vi trm hng ha lin quan tiu dng, tinh theo gi bn l. 5. Tinh t l lm pht:

Inf nam t (%)=

Chi so gi nam t -1 Chi so gi nam (t-1)

"Ch s gi"=Chi so gi tiu dng (CPI) Ch s gi SX (PPI) hay GDPd (Ch s gi iu chnh lm pht theo GDP)

6. Tinh tng trng ca GDP Thng thng s liu tng trng c tinh t GDPr

gGDPr nam t (%)=

GDPr nam t -1 GDPr nam (t-1)

7. Tinh tng trng bnh qun /Ky:

g/Ky=i/Ky(%)=(

Yt So Ky ) -1 Yo

g/Ky cua K ky(%)=[(1+g1)*(1+g2)*...*(1+gk)]

1 K ky

-1

r=(1+i)
8. D bo GDPr cc ky khc

Ky theo r Ky theo i

-1

gGDPr nam t(%)=

GDPr nam t -1 GDPr nam(t-1)

12/12/2012_MicroEconomic

gGDPr nam t(%)=

GDPr nam t -1 GDPr nam(t-1)

gGDPn nam t(%)=

GDPn nam t -1 GDPn nam(t-1)

GDPn nam t GDPr nam t
1 GDPr ky k ) K -1 GDPr ky khng

GDPd nam t (100)=

gGDPr/Ky cua K ky (%)=(

12/12/2012_MicroEconomic

I. TNG CUNG & TNG CU

AD = C + I + G + Xn = C + I + G + X - M
1. Hm tiu dng: C = Co + Cm*Yd 2. Hm tit kim: S = -Co + (1 - Cm)*Yd 3. Thu nhp kh dng ( thu nhp c th s dng) Yd = Y - T + Tr = Y - Tn =C+S 4. Thu T = To + Tm*Y 5. Tr cp Tr = Tro 6. Thu rong Tn = T - Tr = Tno + Tm*Y 7. u t I = Io + Imy*Y - Imi*i 8. Chi tiu chinh ph G = Go 9. Xut khu Imy,Imi>=0

X = Xo 10. Nhp khu M = Mo + Mm*Y 11. Xut khu rong Xn = X - M = Xno - Mm*Y C = Co + Cm*Yd S = -Co + (1 - Cm)*Yd Yd = Y - T + Tr = Y - Tn = C + S Tn = T - Tr = To + Tm*Y - Tro T = To + Tm*Y Tr = Tro I = Io + Imy*Y - Imi*i G = Go Xn = X - M = Xno - Mm*Y X = Xo M = Mo + Mm*Y B = T - Tr - G = Tn - G Mm>0

II. CN BNG NN KINH T

AS=GDP=Y=Sn lng=Thu nhp= AD=Tng cu=C+I+G+Xn t AS=AD hay Y=C+I+G+Xn Ta c:

Y = mt*Tno + m*Ado

1. S nhn tng cu t nh

1 1 Cm *(1 Tm) Im y Mm

2. S nhn thu rong t nh mt = - Cm*m 3. Thu rong t nh Tno = To - Tro 4. Tng cu t nh Ado = Co + Io + Go + Xno 5. Xut khu t nh Xno = Xo - Mo 6. Cn cn ngn sch B = T - Tr - G = Tn - G 7. S bin thin cc yu t

Y = mt*Tno + m*Ado

Tno = To - Tro Ado = Co + Io + Go + Xno Xno = Xo - Mo

I. M HNH IS 1. Phng trnh

(IS)Y = mt*Tno + m*Ado - m*Imi*i

dc IS = m*Imi

2. Dch chuyn song song: 2.1 Dch chuyn sang phi (IS tng):

(IS)Y = mt*Tno + m*Ado - m*Imi*i

(IS2)Y2 = Y + Y
i = 0 IS & Y > 0

Tno = 0

Ado > 0

Co & Io & Go & Xno &

Xo & Mo (

Y > 0

To ( Tno < 0 Tro &

Ado = 0

2.2 Dch chuyn sang tri (IS gim): ngc li 3. Nhng im nm trn, bn trai, bn phi IS: (IS th hin th trng hng ha)

A, B nm trn IS [ AS = AD [ th trng hng ha C nm bn tri IS [ AS < AD [ th trng thiu h D nm bn phi IS [ AS > AD [ th trng tha h Do AD = C + I + G + Xn i( nn i& [ I( [ AD ( [ I& [ AD &

II. PHNG TRNH LM 1. Cung cu tin: 1.1 Cung tin:

Sm = Cu + D = K*H
Tin mnh:

H = Cu + R

Tin mt trong lu thng = Cu Tin d tr = R Tin gi trong ngn hng = D S nhn ca tin = K
Cu D K R Cu D D 1

0 < R/D < 1

=> Sm = K*H
1.2 Cu tin:

Dm = Dmo + Dmy*Y - Dmi*i

2. Cn bng cung cu tin:

CB khi Sm = Dm Dmo v Y --> thay i cu tin K v H --> thay i cung tin

3. Phng trnh LM:

( LM )i

Dmo Sm Dmy *Y Dmi Dmi

 dc LM =

4. Dch chuyn song song: 4.1 Dch chuyn sang phi ( LM tng):

i < 0

LM &

Y = 0

4.2 Dch chuyn sang tri (LM gim): ngc li 5. Nhng im nm trn, bn trai, bn phi LM:

A, B nm trn LM [ Sm = Dm [ th trng tin t cn bng C nm bn tri LM [ Sm > Dm [ th trng tin t tha ti D nm bn phi LM [ Sm < Dm [ th trng tin t thiu t

III. CN BNG NN KINH T BN TRONG: (Cn bng nn kinh t hng hoa v tin t)

Gii h pt IS-LM=>i cn bng, Y cn bng

(V m > 0)

(V m < 0)

[ AS = AD [ th trng hng ha cn bng [ AS < AD [ th trng thiu hng ha [ AS > AD [ th trng tha hng ha

I& [

AD &

I( [

AD (

i cu tin

Dm0 = 0 Sm0 > 0 hay Sm tng

Sm0 = 0 Dm0 < 0 hay Dm0 gim

Dm [ th trng tin t cn bng Dm [ th trng tin t tha tin < Dm [ th trng tin t thiu tin

hoa v tin t)

%USD=e2/e1-1 %VND=e1/e2-1 nh hng ca t gi n X v M *Xut khu:(X) e tng gi hng ha VN bn nc ngoi r hn=>Qd tng =>Lng xut tng=> Lng ngoi t mang v tng!!! (T gi tng=>XK tng v ngc li) *Nhp khu M: e tng gi hng ha M bn VN mc hn=>Qd gim =>M gim=> Lng cu ngoi t gim.!!!! (e tng=>M gim) e tng=>X tng, M gim (VN) e tng=>M tng, X gim (M)