ENGN 311 Fluid Mechanics Experiment #4 Jet Impact Experimental Procedure

Safety Reminder
When operating an electric motor that is submerged in water, two important safety points must be remembered: 1. The plug should only be connected to a grounded outlet. 2. Never touch the power cord if you are in contact with water, either on the oor or on the hydraulic bench.

Equipment Setup
1. Ensure that the lower tank is lled up to the ll line ( 380 mm). DO NOT RUN THE PUMP WITHOUT WATER IN THE LOWER TANK. 2. Ensure that the weigh beam stop is NOT over the beam. 3. Ensure that the drain pipe on the jet apparatus is over the large whole in the cover of the hydraulic bench. 4. Place the jockey weight at the zero mark and level the jockey arm by using the adjusting nut and monitoring the tally indicator. 5. Close the bench supply valve. 6. Plug in the pump. You may have to rotate the power cut o switch to start the pump. 7. Slowly open the bench supply valve until water begins to ow out of the jet. Check the system for major leaks. Continue gradually opening the bench supply valve until it is fully opened. 8. Slide the jockey weight out until the jockey arm is again level by monitoring the tally indicator.

Switching between Flat Plate and Hemispherical Cup

1. Close the bench supply valve and turn o the pump. 2. Remove the jockey weight from the jockey arm. 3. Raise the jockey arm completely by feeding the adjusting nut/screw assembly upwards through its mount. 4. While holding the stem of the at plate, remove the retaining screw. DO NOT ALLOW THE FLAT PLATE TO FALL ONTO THE NOZZLE. 5. Pull the at plate and cover plate out of the apparatus. Remove the cover plate from the at plate stem and place it over the hemispherical cup stem. 6. Put the hemispherical cup back into the apparatus and attach it to the jockey arm with the retaining screw. DO NOT ALLOW THE HEMISPHERICAL CUP TO FALL ONTO THE NOZZLE. 7. Level the jockey arm again.

Measurements
1. Record the specications for the experimental apparatus. 2. Perform the following steps for 10 volumetric ow rate conditions approximately equally spaced between the maximum and minimum ow rate. Do this for both the at plate and the hemispherical cup: (a) Record the position of the jockey weight. (b) Record the volumetric ow rate from the electronic owmeter.

Equipment Clean Up
1. Be sure the pump is turned o and unplugged from the wall. 2. Fully open the bench supply valve. 3. Wipe down and dry the cover of the hydraulic bench. 4. Mop up any spills on the oor.

Written Assignment
1. Derive an equation for the water velocity at the nozzle exit and just before jet impact based on the volumetric ow rate from the electronic owmeter. 2. Use the conservation of linear momentum equation to derive the force of the jet impact on the plate and the cup. You may assume that the ow exits horizontally from the at plate and vertically downwards for the hemispherical cup. Do this for two control volumes: one that starts at the nozzle exit and one that starts just before impact. 3. Draw a free body diagram of the jockey arm and derive an equation that relates the force of the jockey weight to that of the jet impact. 4. Assemble two tables: one for the at plate and one for the hemispherical cup. These tables should contain the following information: Mass ow rate. Water velocity at the jet exit. Jet impact force based on the jockey arm free body diagram results. Jet impact force based on the control volume starting at the nozzle exit. Jet impact force based on the control volume starting just before impact. 5. Plot the jet impact force versus the mass ow rate for all three calculation methods (two from step 2, one from step 3) for the at plate and the hemispherical cup. Include all data on one plot. 6. Compare the predicted force based on the two control volume analyses with the measured force from the free body diagram analysis. Which control volume method is more appropriate and why? 7. How does the weight of the water in the control volume aect the predicted impact force? Also, if you use a nonuniform velocity prole at the entrance and exit to the control volume, how would that aect the predicted impact force. Be quantitative in your assessment. 8. Identify sources of error in the experiment or your derivation that would alter your measurements of the jet impact force. Indicate how these sources would aect the results. 9. Present any recommendations you have for improving the experiment.

adjusting nut

retaining screw

jockey weight jockey arm tally

cover plate flat plate nozzle

stem

supply hose

drain pipe

(a)
weigh beam stop weigh beam drain pipe

bench supply valve

power cut off switch

measuring tank drain valve

lower tank

(b)

Figure 1: (a) jet impact apparatus, (b) hydraulic bench.