Assignment: 1 Given Details: Medium steel pipe is to be used Temperature = 200 C Volumetric flow rate (Q) =20m3/h (dividing

by 3.6) = 5.56 10-3 m3/s, (water) From Table We know: Density () = 998 kg/m3 Viscosity () = 1.00 10-3 Pa Fittings: 3900 bends and single control valve Length of the pipe (L) = 50m, Pressure drop in control valve (P) = 30Kp Answer: 1 Calculating head loss (including pipe friction) Lets have 1st Trial for 150mm steel pipe from the table 6 because we are not given the pipe size. Step : 1 Determine velocity, Velocity = volumetric flow rate divided by area of the pipe V= = 0.315 m/s

Step 2: Determine Reynolds No. = = 47155.5 (turbulent flow)

Step 3 : Determine the minor head loss Fittings : 3x900 bends K = 0.9x3 =2.7 hf1 = Control Valve: P = .g.HL Control valve has a pressure drop of 30 Kpa therefore HL = = 3.06 m = 0.0137 m

Constraints : The head loss of control valve is 3.06 m remains constant throughout all the calculation Total hf1 = 0.0137 + 3.06 = 3.0737 m Step 4: Determine major head loss hf2 = For F : We have Moody formula for turbulent flow f From Table 20 E = 45 exp -6m

= 0.02204 So hf2 = = = 0.03715458716 m

Total head loss = hf1 + hf2 = 3.0737 + 0.03715458716 = 3.111m Step 5 : Pressure drop P = .g.HL
= 998 X 9.81 X 3.11 = 30.520 KPa

Now we will take different pipe sizes and check the losses at corresponding size so we will be able to select appropriate pipe size. Trials for different pipe sizes Diameter (D) 150 mm 100 mm 80 mm Velocity (m/s) 0.315 0.708 1.106 Reynolds No. (R) 47155.5 70658.4 88303.04 Minor head loss (hf1) 3.08 3.15 3.24 Major head loss (hf2) 0.037 0.271 0.820 Total head loss (hfT) 3.117 3.421 4.060 Pressure drop (Pd) 30.520 Kpa 33.492 Kpa 39.749 Kpa Inlet pressure (Pin) 131.75 Kpa 134.2 Kpa 141Kpa

ANSWER : 2 As from the above table we can see that if the diameter gets smaller the head loss increases and so the pressure drop across the pipe increases as well that is not the case. Pressure drop cant b exceeded than 30 KPa. Therefore the best option for pipe selection is 150 mm diameter pipe. ANSWER :3 In order to select the most economical pipe, the calculation of the pipes annual cost, capital cost, present annual value and total present values are as follows: Givens values: Cost of power (c) = $ 0.2 Kw/h, Combined pump drive efficiency (pm) = 60 % = 0.6 Pump duty (T) = 24 h/day = 24hr 365days = 8760 hrs per annum Relevant interest rate (i) = 10% = 0.1 Pipe line design life (n) = 10 years Power cost escalation rate (M) = 2% = 0.02 Pipe cost per meter (CP) = $150/meter Inlet pressure (P) = 199.204 Kpa Step 5: For selected 150 NB Pipe: Total dynamic head (Ep) =

P = 131750 g 998 9.98 -3 3 Volumetric flow rate (Q) = 5.56 10 m /s Length (L) = 50 m

= 13.45 m

Step 6: Annual Piping cost (APC) APC = Q g Ep C T= 5.56 10-3 998 9.81 13.45 0.2 (24 x 365)=$2137.86 per annum pm 1000 0.6 1000 Step 7: The line capital cost (CC) CC = L CP = 50 150 = $7500

Step 8: The present value of annual pumping cost (PVA) J = I M = 0.1 0.02 = 0.078 1 + M 1 + 0.02 PVA = APC ( 1- (1 + j )-n = 2137.86 ( 1- (1 + 0.078 )-10 = $14475.52 J 0.078 Step 9 : The total present value TPV = PVA + CC = $14475.52 + $7500 = $21976