Arabian peninsula Bedouin cultures Limited towns & agriculture THE PRE-ISLAMIC WORLD Nomadic clan groups Dependence on clan for survival Rivalries THE PRE-ISLAMIC WORLD Towns & long- distance trade Mecca The Kaba Medina THE PRE-ISLAMIC WORLD Greater freedom for women Most honored job: warrior Many practices still favored men. ISLAMS BEGINNINGS Muhammad Born c. 570 in Mecca Revelations began in 610 Messages from Allah through Gabriel Quran ISLAMS BEGINNINGS Forced to ee Mecca 622: hijira Gained new followers 629: returned to Mecca ISLAMS BEGINNINGS Monotheistic Overstepped class divisions ISLAMS BEGINNINGS Umma: community of the faithful Moral code Kindness & generosity Body of law