0132497468-Ch11 ISM

Mohr Circle and Strength Testing
Chapter 11
CHAPTER 11
MOHR CIRCLE, FAILURE THEORIES, AND STRENGTH
TESTING OF SOIL AND ROCKS
11-1. Given an element with stresses as indicated in the figure, find: (a) The major and minor
principal stresses and the planes on which they act. (b) The stresses on a plane inclined at 30
from the horizontal. (c) The max. shear stress and the inclination of the plane on which it acts.
SOLUTION:
60
49.69, 52.14
60, 53.15
50
pole
40
20, 35
30
Shear stress (kPa
20
10
0
6.85
113.15
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Normal stress (kPa)
90
100 110 120
solution continued on
next page
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Chapter 11
11-1 continued
Solve using Mohr's circle and the pole method (see plot on next page).
x 20 kPa, y 100 kPa, xy 35 kPa
center
x y
2
20 100
60 kPa
2
2
2
x y
20 100
2
radius
(35)2 53.15 kPa
xy
2
2
(a) 1 center radius 60 53.15 113.15 kPa
3 center radius 60 53.15 6.85 kPa

y x
1
cos1
2
2R
1
100 20
o
cos1
20.59 measured cw from the x-axis at 1.
2
2
53.15
y x y x
(b) x1
cos 2 xy sin 2
2
2
100 20 100 20
x1
cos(2 30) (35) sin(2 30) 49.69 kPa

2
2
y x
100 20
x1y1
sin 2 xy cos 2
sin(2 30) (35) cos(2 30) 52.14 kPa
2
2
(c) max radius 53.15 kPa
Pr incipal angle, p1
Orientation of max shear stress, s

s
x y
1
tan1
2xy
2
1
20 100
o
tan1
24.41 measured ccw from horizontal
2
2
35
Chapter 11
11-2. Work Problem 11.1 with the element rotated 30 clockwise from the horizontal.
SOLUTION:
center
x y
2
20 100
60 kPa
2
2
2
x y
20 100
2
radius
(35)2 53.15 kPa
xy
2
2

y x
1
cos1
2
2R
1
100 20
o
cos1
30 50.6 measured cw from the x-axis at 1.
2
2
53.15
(b) At the given orientation of 30 deg:

x1 20 kPa x1y1 35 kPa and y1 100 kPa x1y1 35 kPa
Pr incipal angle, p1
(c) max radius 53.15 kPa

Orientation of max shear stress, s
s
x y
1
tan1
2xy
2
1
20 100
o
tan1
30 5.6
2
2
35
Mohr circle shown on next page
Chapter 11
11-2 continued
60
pole
70, 52
60, 53.15
50
40
Shear stress (kPa
30
20
9.3, 16
10
0
6.85
113.15
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100 110 120
Normal stress (kPa)
Chapter 11
11-3. With the element of Problem 11.1 rotated 40 clockwise from the horizontal, find the
magnitude and direction of the stresses on the vertical plane.
SOLUTION:
center
x y
2
20 100
60 kPa
2
2
2
x y
20 100
2
2
radius
xy
(35) 53.15 kPa
2
2
1 center radius 60 53.15 113.15 kPa, 3 center radius 60 53.15 6.85 kPa
From the Mohr circle: pole (98,37)

stresses on a vertical plane (98, 37)
60
50
pole (98, 37)
40
100, 35
30
Shear stress (kPa
20
10
0
6.85
113.15
-10
-20
-30
20, -35
on vertical
plane: (98, -37)
-40
-50
-60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100 110 120
Normal stress (kPa)
Chapter 11
11-4. Work Example 11.3 with the element rotated 30 clockwise from the horizontal. In addition,
find the stresses (magnitude and direction) on the horizontal plane.
SOLUTION:
center
x y
2
4 6
1kPa
2
2
2
x y
4 6
2
2
radius
xy
2 (2) 5.38 kPa
2
1 center radius 1 5.38 6.38 kPa, 3 center radius 1 5.38 4.38 kPa
The following values can be determined directly from the Mohr circle
Pole = (0.6, 5.4)
(a) Stress on a horizontal plane = (0.6, 5.4)
(b) 1 6.38 kPa
and
3 4.38 kPa
(c) p 1 43o (rotated cw from x-axis)
and
p 3 47o (rotated ccw from x-axis)
(d) max 5.38 kPa
Mohr circle shown on next page
Chapter 11
11-4 continued
9
8
7
pole (0.6, 5.4)
6
5
4
Shear stress (kPa
3
2
6, 2
1
0
6.38
-4.38
-1
-2
-4, -2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Normal stress (kPa)
Chapter 11
11-6. The state of plane stress in a body is described by the following stresses: 1 = 8500 kN/m2
compression, 3 = 1500 kN/m2 tension. Determine by means of the Mohr circle the normal stress
and shear stress on a plane inclined at 20 to the plane on which the minor principal stress acts.
Check the results analytically. (After A. Casagrande.)
SOLUTION:
1 8.5 MPa, 3 1.5 MPa, xy 0
center
x y
2
8.5 1.5
3.5 MPa
2
2
2
x y
8.5 1.5
2
2
radius
xy
(2) 5 MPa
2
2
Assuming 3 acts in the horizontal direction on a vertical plane. Pole = (-1.5, 0)
1 3 1 3
8.5 1.5 8.5 1.5
cos 2
cos(2 20) 7.33 MPa
2
2
2
2
3
8.5 1.5
1
sin 2
sin(2 20) 3.21 MPa
2
2

6
5
4
(7.33, 3.21)
Shear stress (Mpa
3
2
1
pole (-1.5, 0)
0
-1.5
8.5
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-3
-2
-1
Normal stress (MPa)
Chapter 11
11-7. At a certain critical point in a steel beam, on a vertical plane the compressive stress is 115
MPa and the shearing stress is 31.5 MPa. There is no normal stress on the longitudinal
(horizontal) plane. Find the stresses acting on the principal planes and the orientation of principal
planes with the horizontal. (After Taylor, 1948.)
SOLUTION:
Solve using Mohr's circle and the pole method (see plot below).
x 115 MPa, y 0, xy 31.5 MPa
center
x y
2
115 0
57.5 MPa
2
2
2
x y
115 0
2
2
radius
xy
2 (31.5) 65.56 MPa
2
1 center radius 57.5 65.56 123.1 MPa
3 center radius 57.5 65.56 8.06 MPa

p 1 76o (rotated ccw from x-axis)
and
p 2 14o (rotated cw from x-axis)
80
60
40
Shear stress (Mpa
(115, 31.5)
20
-8.1
123
0
-10
10
30
50
70
90
110
130
150
-20
pole (115, 31.5)
-40
-60
-80
Normal stress (MPa)
Chapter 11
11-8. A soil sample is under a biaxial state of stress. On plane 1, the stresses are (13, 4), while
on plane 2, the stresses are (5.8, -2). Find the major and minor principal stresses.
SOLUTION:
Plot given points (13, 4) and (5.8, -2), and construct a perpendicular bisector.
The perpendicular bisector crosses the x-axis at the center of the circle.
center = (9.8, 0)
Draw the circle and graphically determine the principal stresses.
1 15.1 and 3 5.3
9
7
5
(13, 4)
3
1
9.8
5.3
15.1
-1
(5.8, -2)
-3
-5
0
10
12
14
16
18
Chapter 11
11-9. For the element shown in the figure: (a) Find the magnitude of the unknown stresses h
and h on the horizontal plane. (b) Find the orientation of the principal stresses; clearly indicate
their orientation in a small sketch. (c) Show the orientation of the planes of maximum as well as
minimum shear.
SOLUTION:
Solve using Mohr's circle and the pole method using the given stresses.
Plot (2, -2) and (5, 3), and construct a perpendicular bisector.
Center = (4.4, 0), Radius = 3.1
Draw the circle and graphically determine the pole at (7.5, 0).
(a) h 1.3 and h 0 acting on a horizontal plane
(b) Principal stresses: 1 7.5 (on vertical plane), and 3 1.3 (on horizontal plane)
(c) max 3.1 on a plane oriented 45o cw from the horizontal
min 3.1 on a plane oriented 45o ccw from the horizontal
4
(4.4, 3.1)
(5, 3)
Shear stress
1
4.4
1.3
Pole = (7.5,0)
-1
-2
(2, -2)
-3
(4.4, -3.1)
-4
0
Normal stress
Chapter 11
11-10. Given the element with stresses as shown in the figure: (a) Find the magnitude and
direction of H and H. (b) Find the magnitude and direction of 1 and 3.
SOLUTION:
Solve using Mohr's circle and the pole method using the given stresses.
Plot (4, 3) and (8, -2), and construct a perpendicular bisector.
Center = (5.35, 0), Radius = 3.3
Draw the circle and graphically determine the pole at (8.65, 0.3).
(a) H 2.05 and H 0.3 on the horizontal plane
(b) Principal stresses: 1 8.65 (on a plane oriented 87.4o cw from the horizontal)
3 2.05 (on a plane oriented 2.6o ccw from the horizontal)
5
4
4, 3
3
Shear stress
2
1
Pole:
8.65, 0.3
8.65, 0.3
2.05, 0.3
0
2.05
5.35
-1
-2
8, -2
-3
-4
-5
0
10
11
Normal stress
Chapter 11
11-11. Given the data of Example 11.5. (a) Find the magnitude of the stresses on the horizontal
plane. (b) Find the maximum shear stress, and determine the angle between the plane on which
it acts and the major principal plane.
SOLUTION:
x 8 kPa,
y 4 kPa,
xy 2 kPa, center
x y
2
radius
xy
2
(a) h 8 kPa, h 2 kPa

(b) max 2.83 kPa
x y
2
84
6 kPa
2
84
2
2 (2) 2.83 kPa
(on the horizontal plane)
(on a plane rotated 45o ccw from the major principle plane )
5
4
6, 2.83
3
pole (4, 2)
Shear stress (kPa
8, 2
1
8.83
3.17
0
-1
-2
8, -2
-3
-4
-5
0
10
11
Normal stress (kPa)
Chapter 11
11-12. The state of stress on a small element is v = 21 kPa, h = 10 kPa, and the shear stress
on the horizontal plane is +3 kPa. (a) Find the magnitude and directions of the major and minor
principal stresses. (b) If the material is a loose sand, can you say whether the element is in a
state of failure? If it isnt, how close is it? Why? State your assumptions clearly. (Assume = 28o
for the loose sand.)
SOLUTION:
x 21kPa,
center
y 10 kPa,
x y
2
xy 3 kPa
21 10
15.5 kPa
2
2
2
x y
21 10
2
radius
(3)2 6.265 kPa
xy
2
2
(a) 1 center radius 15.5 6.265 21.76 kPa
3 center radius 15.5 6.265 9.24 kPa

p 1 14.3o (rotated cw from horizontal)
and
(b) The element is not in a state of failure. The shear stress on the failure plane is about
1.2 kPa less than the shear stress on the failure plane at failure.
This could be expressed as a factor of safety:
6.44
shear stress on the failure plane
1.2
FS
shear stress on the failure plane at failure 5.28
12
10
8
6
Shear stress (kPa
Pole: (10, 3)
21, 3
2
21.76
9.24
0
-2
10, -3
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
Normal stress (kPa)
Chapter 11
11-13. Given the vertical and horizontal normal stresses of Problem 11.12. Find the maximum
values of shear stress on the horizontal and vertical planes to cause failure in a medium dense
sand. Assume the angle of internal friction for the sand is 32.
SOLUTION:
As shown in the Mohr circle diagram, a value of = 6.1 kPa on the vert. and horz. planes
will result in a failure condition.
12
10
8
10, 6.1
21, 6.1
Shear stress (kPa
4
2
23.71
7.29
0
-2
-4
-6
10, -6.1
-8
-10
-12
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
Normal stress (kPa)
Chapter 11
11-14. The state plane stress in a mass of dense cohesionless sand is described by the following
stresses:
Normal stress on horizontal plane = 296 kPa
Normal stress on vertical plane = 160 kPa
Shear stress on horizontal and vertical planes = +/- 64 KPa
Determine by means of the Mohr circle the magnitude and direction of the principal stresses. Is
this state of stress safe against failure? (After A. Casagrande.)
SOLUTION:
x 160 kPa,
center
y 296 kPa,
x y
2
xy 64 kPa
160 296
228.0 kPa
2
2
2
x y
160 296
2
2
radius
xy
(64) 93.38 kPa
2
2

and
(b) For dense sand, assume ' 38o.

The element is not in a state of failure. The shear stress on the failure plane is about
61 kPa less than the shear stress on the failure plane at failure.
This could be expressed as a factor of safety:
125
shear stress on the failure plane
2.0
FS
shear stress on the failure plane at failure 64
180
140
100
160, 64
Shear stress (kPa
60
296, 64
20
321.38
134.62
-20
-60
160, -64
-100
-140
-180
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
280
320
360
Normal stress (kPa)
Chapter 11
11-15. At a given point within a sand deposit the major, intermediate, and minor principal
stresses are 10, 6, and 4 Mn/m2, respectively. Construct the Mohr diagram, and from it scale the
normal and shearing stresses and the obliquity angles on planes at 35, 50, 65, and 80 from
the major principal plane. (After Taylor, 1948.)
SOLUTION:
Angle (deg)
Normal stress
(MN/m2)
Shear Stress
(MN/m2)
35
8.5
2.60
50
7.75
2.89
65
7.30
2.97
80
7.05
3.00
80 deg
65 deg
5
50 deg
4
35 deg
Shear stress (Mn/m^2
3
2
1
0
Pole: (4, 0)
-1
-2
-3
-4
0
10
11
12
-5
-6
Normal stress (MN/m^2)
Chapter 11
11-16. A 1-m cube within a mass of stressed soil has a stress of 200 kPa on its top and bottom
faces, 100 kPa on one pair of vertical faces, and 60 kPa on the other pair of vertical faces. There
is no shear stress on any face. Fill in the following table. (After Taylor, 1948.)
SOLUTION:
1 200 kPa,
Center
2 100 kPa,
x y
2
3 60 kPa
200 60
130.0 kPa
2
2
2
x y
200 60
2
Radius
(0)2 70.0 kPa max
xy
2
2
R
sin '
' 32.58o
C
x
cos(90 ') ; ff C x
R
x
cos(90 32.58)
x 37.693, ff 92.3 kPa
70
sin(90 ') ff ; ff 70 sin(90 32.58) 58.98 kPa

R
(kPa)
(kPa)
(deg)
Major principal plane
200
Intermediate principal plane
100
90
Minor principal plane
60
90
Plane of maximum shearing stress
130.0
70.0
45
Plane of maximum obliquity
92.3
58.98
32.58
100
80
130, 70
92.3, 58.98
60
Shear stress (kPa
40
20
Pole:(60, 0)
0
200, 0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Normal stress (kPa)
Chapter 11
11-17. In Problem 11.16 what is , assuming c = 0?

SOLUTION:
1 200 kPa,
Center
2 100 kPa,
x y
2
3 60 kPa
200 60
130.0 kPa
2
2
2
x y
200 60
2
Radius
(0)2 70.0 kPa max
xy
2
2
R
sin '
' 32.58o
C
100
80
130, 70
92.3, 58.98
60
Shear stress (kPa
40
20
Pole:(60, 0)
0
200, 0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Normal stress (kPa)
Chapter 11
11-19. (a) Draw the Mohr circle for this point, showing the pole location. (b) What are the
stresses acting on a horizontal plane passing through this point? (c) The cohesion intercept for
this soil is and the friction angle is If the major principal stress remains the same, what would the
minor principal stress have to be to cause failure?
SOLUTION:
Plot (40, 10) and (20, 10), and construct a perpendicular bisector.
Center = (30, 0), Radius = 14.14 psi
(a) Draw the circle (see circle 11-19a) and graphically determine the pole at (26.2, 13.5).
1 44.1psi,
3 15.9 psi
(b) H 34.1psi
and
H 13.5 psi
(c) 3 2.05 psi
(see Mohr circle 11-19b)
on the horizontal plane
20
34.1, 13.5
10
Pole (26.2, 13.5)
20, 10
15.86, 0
40, 10
Circle 11-19a
values in psi
44.14, 0
30, 0
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
20
10
Circle 11-19b
values in psi
44.14, 0
11.00, 0
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
Chapter 11
11-20. The figure shows an element of soil at the interface between two dry sand layers on a 28
slope. The interface is 10 ft below the ground surface, and for both sand layers the friction angle
is 34 and Ko = 0.44. Assume that the shear stress is zero on both the vertical and horizontal
planes. (a) Draw the Mohr circle for this point, and determine the pole location. (b) Determine
the normal and shear stresses on the soil interface (i.e., on the 28 plane). (c) What is the shear
stress on the failure plane (f) and what is the shear stress on the failure plane at failure (ff)?
Use these values to determine the factor of safety.
SOLUTION:
'v (112 pcf )(10 ft) 1120 psf,
'h K o 'v (0.44)(1120) 492.8 psf
Plot (1120, 0) and (492.8, 0), and draw the Mohr circle (see below).
Center = (806.4, 0), Radius = 313.6 psf
(a) Draw the circle and graphically determine the pole at (492.8, 0).
1 44.1 psf,
3 15.9 psf
(b) 28 1008 psf
and
28 241 psf
at 28o from the horizontal plane
'
34
45
62o draw the failure plane from 3 at 62o from the horizontal
2
2
from the Mohr circle, f 259 psf and ff 352 psf
(c) 45
FS
ff 352
1.36
f
259
600
400
631, 352
631, 259
Shear stress (psf
200
1008, 241
1120.0, 0.0
492.8, 0.0
Pole (492.8, 0)
-200
-400
0
200
400
600
800
Normal stress (psf)
1000
1200
Chapter 11
11-26. In a direct shear test on a specimen of cohesionless sand, the vertical normal stress on
the specimen is 240 kN/m2 and the horizontal shear stress at failure is 160 kN/m2. (a) Assuming
uniform stress distribution within the failure zone and a straight line failure envelope which goes
through the origin, determine by means of the Mohr circle the magnitude and direction of the
principal stresses at failure.
SOLUTION
Plot (240, 160) and (0, 0). This defines the failure envelope at 33.69o .
A normal to the failure envelope crosses the x-axis at the center of the circle.
Center = (346.66, 0), Radius = 192.29 kPa
(a) Draw a horizontal line from (240, 160) to locate the pole at (453.32, 160).
1 538.95 kPa
at 61.8o cw from the horizontal
3 154.37 kPa
at 28.2o ccw from the horizontal
300
250
200
240, 160
Pole (453.32,
160)
150
Shear stress (kPa
100
50
0
154.37
346.66
538.95
-50
-100
0
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
-150
Normal stress (kPa)
Chapter 11
11-27. A specimen of sand is tested in direct simple shear. The stress conditions are shown.
Initial conditions: v = 3.12 kg/cm2, Ko = 0.5 At failure: v = 3.12 kg/cm2, hv = 1.80 kg/cm2
(a) Draw the Mohr circles for both initial and final stress conditions. (b) Show clearly the locations
of the poles of these circles. (c) Determine the magnitude and orientation of the principal
stresses at failure. (d) What is the orientation of the failure plane? (e) If the shear strain at failure
is 10 as shown in the figure, what are the stresses and on the sides of the specimen at failure?
SOLUTION:
h K ov (0.5)(3.12) 1.56 kg cm2
(a) See Mohr circle plot below.
(b) Initial Circle: Center = (2.34, 0), Radius = 0.78
Final Circle: Center = (2.34, 0), Radius = 1.96
(c) 1 4.30
3 1.96
kg
kg
cm2
cm2
kg
cm2
kg
cm2
, Pole (1.56, 0)
, Pole (1.56, -1.8)
1 33.3o ccw from horizontal
3 56.7o cw from horizontal
(d) refer to the Mohr circle diagram

(e) As shown in the diagram, s 2.22
kg
cm2
, s 1.96
kg
cm2
at 10o
3.0
2.5
2.22, 1.96
2.0
1.56, 1.8
Initial condition
1.5
Final condition
Shear stress (kPa
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.38
Pole: 1.56
4.30
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
-2.0
Pole: (1.56 1.8)
1.56, -1.8
3.12, -1.8
-2.5
-3.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
Normal stress (kPa)
Chapter 11
11-28. Two conventional CD triaxial compression tests were conducted on a dense angular dry
sand at the same void ratio. Test A had a confining pressure of 150 kPa, while in test B the
confining pressure was 600 kPa; these stresses were held constant throughout the test. At
failure, tests A and B had maximum principal stress differences of 600 and 2550 kPa,
respectively. (a) Plot the Mohr circles for both tests at initial conditions and at failure. (b)
Assuming c = 0, determine . (c) What is the shear stress on the failure plane at failure for both
tests? (d) Determine the theoretical orientation of the failure plane in each specimen. (e) What is
the orientation of the plane of maximum obliquity?
SOLUTION:
(a) Solve using Mohr's circle and the pole method (see plot).
Test A : 1 750, 3 150, xy 0, center 435, radius 285, pole (150, 0)
1 3150,
Test B :
center
x y
2
3 600,
xy 0,
center 1875, radius 1275, pole (600, 0)
x y
2
, radius
xy
2
(b) From the plot, ' 43o

3
(c and d) 1
sin 2
2
750 150
Test A : 66.5o ,
sin(2 66.5) 219.4
2
3150 600
Test B : 66.5o ,
sin(2 66.5) 932.5
2
(e) 66.5o , max ' 43o
1600
1200
Shear stress (kPa
800
400
150
0
600
750
3150
-400
-800
-1200
-1600
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
2800
3200
Normal stress (kPa)
Chapter 11
11-29. Two consolidateddrained triaxial tests were performed on specimens of the same clay,
with the following results at failure:
Test 1: 1 = 73.4 psi, 3 = 26.6 psi
Test 2: 1 = 48.0 psi, 3 = 12.0 psi
Determine the effective MohrCoulomb failure envelope ( and c) based on these test results.
SOLUTION:
From the M-C plot shown below: 17o and c 10 psi.
50
Mohr-Coulomb
failure envelope
40
30
Shear stress (kPa
20
10
12
73.4
48
26.6
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Normal stress (kPa)
Chapter 11
11-30. A triaxial specimen of loose sand is first consolidated nonhydrostatically, with 1 = 15 kPa
and 3 = 10 kPa. The sample is then failed by holding the vertical stress constant and decreasing
the horizontal stress (this is a lateral extension test). The angle of internal friction is 30 (c = 0).
(a) Draw the Mohr circles for both initial and at failure conditions. (b) What will be the major and
minor principal stresses at failure?
SOLUTION:
(a) See plot below.
(b) At failure: 1 15 kPa,
3 5 kPa
10
Shear stress (kPa
Initial condition
10
15
-5
Failure condition
-10
0
10
15
20
Normal stress (kPa)
Chapter 11
11-31. Another sample of the same sand tested in Problem 11.30 (consolidated
nonhydrostatically, with 1 = 15 kPa and 3 = 10 kPa) is tested by holding the vertical stress
constant and increasing the horizontal stress (this is a lateral compression test). The angle of
internal friction is 30 (c = 0). (a) Draw the Mohr circles for both initial and at failure conditions.
(b) What will be the major and minor principal stresses at failure?
SOLUTION:
(a) See plot below.
(b) At failure: 1 45 kPa,
3 15 kPa
30
25
20
Final condition
15
Shear stress (kPa
10
5
10
45
15
-5
-10
Initial condition
-15
-20
-25
-30
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
Normal stress (kPa)

0132497468-Ch11 ISM

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Mohr Circle and Strength Testing

Shear stress (kPa

Normal stress (kPa)

100 110 120

Mohr Circle and Strength Testing

(a) 1 center radius 60 53.15 113.15 kPa

3 center radius 60 53.15 6.85 kPa

cos(2 30) (35) sin(2 30) 49.69 kPa

Orientation of max shear stress, s

Mohr Circle and Strength Testing

(a) 1 center radius 60 53.15 113.15 kPa

3 center radius 60 53.15 6.85 kPa

(b) At the given orientation of 30 deg:

(c) max radius 53.15 kPa

Mohr circle shown on next page

Mohr Circle and Strength Testing

Shear stress (kPa

100 110 120

Normal stress (kPa)

Mohr Circle and Strength Testing

(35) 53.15 kPa

From the Mohr circle: pole (98,37)

Shear stress (kPa

100 110 120

Normal stress (kPa)

Mohr Circle and Strength Testing

(c) p 1 43o (rotated cw from x-axis)

p 3 47o (rotated ccw from x-axis)

(d) max 5.38 kPa

Mohr circle shown on next page

Mohr Circle and Strength Testing

Mohr Circle and Strength Testing

Assuming 3 acts in the horizontal direction on a vertical plane. Pole = (-1.5, 0)

Shear stress (Mpa

Normal stress (MPa)

Mohr Circle and Strength Testing

1 center radius 57.5 65.56 123.1 MPa

3 center radius 57.5 65.56 8.06 MPa

p 2 14o (rotated cw from x-axis)

Shear stress (Mpa

Mohr Circle and Strength Testing

Mohr Circle and Strength Testing

Mohr Circle and Strength Testing

Mohr Circle and Strength Testing

(a) h 8 kPa, h 2 kPa

(on the horizontal plane)

Normal stress (kPa)

Mohr Circle and Strength Testing

(a) 1 center radius 15.5 6.265 21.76 kPa

3 center radius 15.5 6.265 9.24 kPa

p 3 104.3o (rotated cw from horizontal)

Shear stress (kPa

Normal stress (kPa)

Mohr Circle and Strength Testing

Shear stress (kPa

Normal stress (kPa)

Mohr Circle and Strength Testing

(a) 1 center radius 228 93.38 321.38 kPa

3 center radius 228 93.38 134.62 kPa

p 3 111.63o (rotated cw from horizontal)

(b) For dense sand, assume ' 38o.

Shear stress (kPa

Normal stress (kPa)