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Άσκηση θερμομόνωσης
Άσκηση θερμομόνωσης
: - , . . ,
, Q ( W . H )
(
- )
W.h , J, Kcal () 1 Kcal = 4.186,8 J = 1,163 W*h
1 Kcal ( ) 1
Kg
14,5 C 15,5 C.
,
, 1
1 m2 1m,
( )
,
.
1h
: W / m. .
1 oK
1 m2
5
,
, 1
1 m2 d m,
.
: W / m2..
:
[W/m2.K]
, 1 /
.
: m2. / W.
:
1h
1 oK
[m2.K/W]
1 m2
6
,
, 1
, 1 m2 ,
,
.
: W / m2..
.
, 1 /
.
: m2. / W.
1h
1 oK
1 m2
(.2, .
1.8, . 15)
. : = 23,26 W/m2.K
. : i = 8,14 W/m2.K
. : = 23,26 W/m2.K
. : i = 8,14 W/m2.K
. : 1 = 0,043 W/m2.K
. : 1 = 0,043 W/m2.K
0,166 W/m2.K
. : = 23,26 W/m2.K
. : i = 5,81 W/m2.K
. : 1 = 0,043 W/m2.K
,
, 1
1 m2 , ,
,
.
: W / m2..
, 1 /
.
: m2. / W.
1 = 1
i
1 = 1
i
d1
1
+ d2
d3
3
[m2. / W]
+ ... +
d1
1
dn
n
d2
2
d3
3
d...
dn
... n
[m2. / W]
10
:
:
:
:
tLi = 20 oC
tL = - 10 oC
tLu = 0 oC
:
/ ( / )
: 8,00 x 12,00 m
tL = -10 C
d6=3,0 cm
d5= 4,0 cm
d4= 0,8 cm
d3= 10,0 cm
6. , 6=1,05 W/m.K
5. , 5=1,40 W/m.K
4. , 4=0,25 W/m.K
3. , 3=0,35 W/m.K
d2= 20,0 cm
2. , 2=2,10 W/m.K
d1= 2,5 cm
1. , 1=0,80 W/m.K
M
tLi = 20 C
11
: 130 m2.
30,0 cm
4,80 m
30,0 cm
4,40 m
40,0 cm
12
d3= 3,0 cm
d4= 4,0 cm
d2= 30,0 cm
d1=2,5 cm
tL = -10 C
1. . ,
1=0,95 W/m.K
d3= 2,5 cm
tLi = 20 C
3. . ,
3=0,80 W/m.K
2. , 2=2,10 W/m.K
d2=6,0 cm
d5=6,0 cm
d1=2,5 cm
d6=2,5 cm
tLi = 20 C
tL = -10 C
1. . ,
1=0,95 W/m.K
2. ,
2=0,80 W/m.K
3. 4.
6. . ,
6=0,80 W/m.K
5. ,
5=0,80 W/m.K
, 3=0,035
W/m.K
13
8,0 cm
d5= 2,5 cm
d4= 4,0 cm
: 8,00 x 12,00 m
tLi = 20 C
5. , 5=0,20 W/m.K
4. , 4=0,14 W/m.K
()
d3= 8,0 cm
3. , 3=0,35 W/m.K
d2= 20,0 cm
2. , 2=2,10 W/m.K
d1= 2,5 cm
1. , 1=0,95 W/m.K
48,0 cm
-
tLu = 0 C
14
:
1 - ,
.
2 - 3 .
3 - .
4 - t = f(d) .
5 -
.
15
16
1.
(.2,
.
15)
1
= d1 + d2 + d3 + d4 + d5 + d6
2
3
4
5
6
(m).
1
i
1 + 1
1
i
di
i
1 + d 1 + d2 + d3 + d4 + d5 + d6 + 1
i
2
3
4
5
6
1.
: 2 ""
,
= P . + P .. (P, PB = , )
1
i
1 + 1
2
3
0,95
2,10
0,80
0,200 = 5,000 W/m2.K
18
: 17 20.
: 4,0 cm 1 = 0,22 m2.K/W
d1 + d 2 + d3 + d4 + d5 + d6
2
3
4 5
6
19
(.2,
.
15)
1
= 0,714 m2.K/W
d1 + d 2 + d3 + 1 + d5 + d6
2
3
5
6
0,025 + 0,06 + 0,03 + 0,220 + 0,06 + 0,025 =
0,95
0,80
0,035
0,80
0,80
1 + 1 + 1
i
0,166 m2.K/W
1.
1
= 1 + 1 + 1
i
: 2 ""
,
,
= P . + P .. (P, P = , )
: S = 0,48 x l m2
: S = (0,04 + 0,04) x l S = 0,08 x l m2
:
P = S = 0,08 . l P = 0,17
S 0,48 . l
:
P = 1 - P = 1 - 0,17 P = 0,83
()
48,0 cm
8,0 cm
21
: 17 20.
: 4,0 cm 1 = 0,26 m2.K/W
d1 + d 2 + d3 + d4 + d5
2
3
4 5
22
d1 + d 2 + d3 + 1 + d5
2
3
5
d1 + d 2 + d3 + d4 + d5
2
3 4
5
23
(.2,
.
15)
= 0,739 m2.K/W
1 + 1 + 1
i
24
2. 3 ;
13 18 :
: 3 h
/
:
: t > 16,3 oC.
25
15 19 :
: tLu = 0 C / : 1/ = 0,739 m2.K/W.
: t = 16,5 > 16,3 oC (. 13, . 18) 3 h = .
26
16,5
16,5
...
27
3.
: Q1
Q2
,
. : Q1 = Q2
Q1 = FA . KA . (tLi - tL)
Q2 = FA . i . (tLi - t..)
FA . KA . (tLi - tL) = FA . i . (tLi - t..) tLi - t.. = KA . (tLi - tL)
i
t.. = tLi - KA . (tLi - tL) , tLi = 20 C , tL = -10 C i = 8,14 W/m2.K.
i
tL = -10 C
tLi = 20 C
Q1
Q2
28
.
: 1 = 0,2 m2.K/W
t.. = 9,98 oC
1 + 1 + 1
i
29
4. t=f(d)
t = f(d),
.
:
.
,
:
Q1 = F . . (t1 - tL)
Q2 = F . 1 . (t2 - t1)
Q3 = F . 2 . (t3 - t2)
Q4 = F . 3 . (t4 - t3)
Q5 = F . 4 . (t5 - t4)
Q6 = F . 5 . (t6 - t5)
Q7 = F . 6 . (t7 - t6)
Q8 = F . i . (tLi - t7)
Q9 = F . . (tLi - tL)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
tL = -10
tLi = 20 C
Q9
Q1
Q
Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 8
t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7
30
: 1 = 1,285 m2.K/W
(1) (9) :
F . . (t1 - tL) = F . . (tLi - tL) t1 = tL + . (tLi - tL)
1 + 1 + 1
i
31
(2) (9) :
F . 1 . (t2 - t1) = F . . (tLi - tL) t2 = t1 + . (tLi - tL)
1
1, :
2
1
= d1 = 0,025 1 = 0,026 m .K/ W
1
1
0,95
1
(3) (9) :
F . 2 . (t3 - t2) = F . . (tLi - tL) t3 = t2 + . (tLi - tL)
2
2, :
2
1
= d2 = 0,06 1 = 0,075 m .K/ W
2
2
0,8
2
32
(4) (9) :
F . 3 . (t4 - t3) = F . . (tLi - tL) t4 = t3 + . (tLi - tL)
3
3, :
2
1
= d3 = 0,03 1 = 0,857 m .K/ W
3
3
0,035
3
t4 = -7,1 + 0,689 . 0,857 . 30 = -7,1 + 17,7 t4 = 10,6 oC
1
(5) (9) :
F . 4 . (t5 - t4) = F . . (tLi - tL) t5 = t4 + . 1 (tLi - tL)
4
4, :
2
1
= 0,22 m .K/ W
33
(6) (9) :
F . 5 . (t6 - t5) = F . . (tLi - tL) t6 = t5 + . (tLi - tL)
5
5, :
2
1
= d5 = 0,06 1 = 0,075 m .K/ W
5
5
0,80
5
(7) (9) :
F . 6 . (t7 - t6) = F . . (tLi - tL) t7 = t6 + . (tLi - tL)
6
6, :
2
1
= d6 = 0,025 1 = 0,031 m .K/ W
6
6
0,80
6
34
t = f(d) .
oC
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
tLi = 20
t5=15,1
t6=16,5
t6=17,2
t4=10,6
tL= -10
t2=-8,6
t1=-9,1
t3=-7,1
35
5.
Q
:
Q = Q + Q + Q
Q :
Q = F . . (tLi - tL)
: F = 8,0 x 12,0 = 96 m2 , = 1,499 W/m2.K , tLi = 20 oC , tL = -10 oC.
Q = 96. 1,499 . 30 Q = 4317 W.h
Q :
Q = F . . (tLi - tL)
: F = 130 m2 , = 1,137W/m2.K , tLi = 20 oC , tL = -10 oC.
Q = 130. 1,137 . 30 Q = 4432 W.h
Q :
Q = F . . (tLi - tLu)
: F = 96 m2 , = 1,048 W/m2.K , tLi = 20 oC , tLu = 0 oC
Q = 96. 1,048. 20 Q = 2012 W.h
36
***
/
/ ,
.
2 :
1.
F / F < 10%
.
.
.
2.
F / F > 10%
.
.. : F = F - F F = F - F
PB = F - F PA =
F
.
F - F
F - F
37
:
1.
2. (
, )
1.
:
Q = F . . (tLi - tL)
:
=
- .
F = F - F
(.2,
.
2021)
2.
:
Q = 0,36 . V . (tLi - tL)
: V
.
V = VL . l [m3 / m x m m3]
: VL
m3
l
38
.
:
,
,
, .. , K ,
.
(1/),
.
(.2,
.3
, .
31)
+ d d = [ ( 1 ) - 1 ] x
( 1 )
=1
:
1/
,
d , , m
39
Q = F . . (tLi - tL)
Q = F . . (tLi - tL)
Q = 0,36 . V . (tLi - tL)
(+)
Q = Q + Q + Q
Q = Q + Q + Q = F . . (tLi - tL)
=
Q
.
F . (tLi - tL)
40