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SUBJECT: ME-448 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
CREDIT HOURS: 3-0
CONTACT HOURS:
3 Hours per Week
TEXT BOOK:
Internal Combustion Engines: Applied Thermo sciences, Colin R.
Ferguson, Allan T. Kirkpatrick, 2nd Edition, Wiley
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Edward F. Obert, Internal Combustion Engines and Air Pollution,
Harper & Row NewYark.
Internal Combustion Engines by V.Ganesan
Internal Combustion Engine by Willard W. Pulkrabek
Classification of I. C. Engines
Nature of Thermodynamic Cycle
1. Otto cycle engine
2. Diesel cycle engine
3. Dual combustion cycle engine
BDC
A
B
Volume [V]
TDC
C
BDC
A
B
Volume [V]
Pressure [P]
TDC
C
E
BDC
A
B
Volume [V]
TDC
C
E
BDC
A
B
Volume [V]
P V diagram for
SI Engine / Otto cycle engine
TDC
C
Pressure
E
A
BDC
B
Volume
Theoretical Otto cycle
1. INTAKE [Suction]:
During the intake stroke, the piston moves down ward,
drawing a fresh charge [AIR]. This operation is
represented by the line AB on the P-V diagram.
Pressure [P]
TDC
BDC
B
Volume [V]
9
BDC
B
Volume [V]
Pressure [P]
TDC
E
BDC
B
Volume [V]
BDC
B
Volume [V]
P V diagram for
C.I. Engine / Diesel Cycle Engine
D
TDC
Pressure
E
BDC
B
Volume
Theoretical Diesel cycle
OTTO CYCLE
REMEMBER
QUIZ NO 1
1. For the same compression ratio, will Diesel Cycle be more efficient than
Otto Cycle. Explain.
(2.5)
(2)
(2)
QUIZ NO 1
1. What is the constant volume assumption in an Otto Cycle?
2. Differentiate between Otto and Diesel Cycle on the basis
of compression ratio and volumetric efficiency.
DIESEL CYCLE
Now recollect.
The formula of thermal efficiency for the Otto Cycle.
We can tell that factor A will always have a value greater than
unity.
Hence for a given compression ratio, Otto cycle will always will
be more efficient than Diesel cycle. (True/False ????)
rc depends on output and is maximum at maximum output (?)
W=
Please derive (Homework)
Now put rp = 1
Then rc = 1
The efficiency of dual cycle lies between the Otto cycle and
Diesel cycle for the same value of compression ratio
W=
Pm
Comparisons
1. At same compression ratio and heat addition will Otto
Engine allow the gas to expand more as compared to
diesel engine?
2. Lets say, I maintain the same compression ratio and heat
rejection (QR), which engine will have the highest
efficiency Otto or Diesel?
=1
Example Problem
A gas engine working on an Otto Cycle has a cylinder of diameter 200
mm and stroke of 250 mm. The clearance volume is 1570cc. Find the
air standard efficiency. Assume Cp = 1.004 KJ/Kg.k and Cv = 0.717
KJ/Kg.K for air.
Example Problem:
In an SI engine working on the ideal Otto Cycle, the
compression ratio is 5.5. The pressure and temperature at the
beginning of the compression are 1 bar and 27C respectively.
The peak pressure is 30 bar. Determine the pressure and
temperature at the salient points, the air standard efficiency
and the mean effective pressure. Assume ratio of specific
heats to be 1.4 for air.