1.

1.2

(1) 30 50 80 %

(2) 475 50 10 %

1-1


(3) 2500 50 2 %

1.3

1.4

2.12

1.5

1-2

1.6

(1)
1-1 1-2
(2) 1-1

(3) 1-2

(4) 1-1 1-2

( C1-1)

C1-1

921

( C1-2)

1-3

1-1 1-2

1.7
1-3

(1)
(2) SMRF
IMRF
25%
(3)

1-4

 1-3

R 4.8

R 4.0

5/6
R 1-3
B C

1-3
AISC (AISC 2005)

ASCE 7-05(ASCE 2006)

1-3
1-3
EBF

IMRF
SMRF
1-5

SCBF
BRBF
SPSWF

1-3
1-3

1.8
75

1.
50%
2.
20%

50%

1.9

1-6

1.10

ap 4.2
Ax 2.14
ATD 9.2
ATM 9.2
d 9.2.3.2
b
BS 3.2
B1 3.2
C C j 10.2.2
CFi 10.3.1
d
9.2.3.2
di i 2.4
dci i 2.4
dsi i 2.4
DD 9.2.3.1
DM 9.2.3.2
DTD 9.2.3.2
DTM 9.2.3.2
Dr 9.2.10.2
Dave (| D + | + | D |) / 2 10.2.2
DD' 9.3.4
DM' 9.3.4
D 10.2.1
D + 10.2.1
D 10.2.2
E di 9.5.3
e
9.2.3.2
Fa 2.4
Fv 2.4
Fu 2.9
FuM 2.10
Ft 2.11
Fx x 2.11
Fph 4.2
Fpv 4.2
Fp 6.2.5
Fpx 6.2.9
FL 11.1.3
F ()
9.5.3 10.7.3
1-7

F + () +
9.5.3 10.7.3
g

H 2.12
hn 2.6
hx x 2.11
I
2.8
Ip 4.2
K 2.12
KeD 9.2.4
KeM 9.2.4
K 10.2.2
K 10.2.2
keD 9.2.4
k eff 10.2.1
k ei

i 9.5.3

k e 9.5.4
L 11.1.3
Mx x 2.15
Ni i N 2.4
NA 2.5
NV 2.5
qu i 2.4
QD 9.4.2
QL 9.4.2
QE 9.4.2
R 2.9
R 11.1.3
Ra 2.9
Ra* Fu 2.16.2
Rp 4.2
Rpa 4.2
SaD 2.6
SaD,min 2.6
SaD,v 2.18
SaM 2.6
S SD 2.3
S1D 2.3
S SM 2.3
S1M 2.3
1-8

SDS
SD1
SMS
SM1
T
T
T0D

2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.6
9.3.4
2.6

T0M 2.6
TeD () 9.2.4
TeM () 9.2.4
V 2.1
V* 2.10
VM 2.10
Vh 5.3
Vv 5.3
Vsi i 2.4
VS30 30 2.4
Vb
9.2.5
VS 9.2.6
W 2.1
Wp 4.2
Wpx x 6.2.9
Wx x 2.11
Wk 10.3.1
WD 10.2.2
WDj 10.2.1

WVj 10.2.2

WFi i 10.3.1
y
9.2.3.2
y 2.9
10.3.1
eff 10.3.1

avg
max

ei
eD

x 2.14
x 2.14
2.15
3.2
i 9.5.3
9.2.4
1-9

 eM 9.2.4
+

() 10.7.3
() 10.7.3
10.3.1

1-10

 1-1

1a.
3.1
70%
80%

1b.
60%
70%
2.
3.1
150%
150%

3.
3.1
130%

4.

6.2.12

5.
1.8
80% 2.17

1-2

1.

1.2

2.143.1
3.76.1
6.2.9

2.
6.2.9

15%
3.
6.2.9

50%
50%
4.

6.2.9
6.2.12

5.

6.1

1-11

 1-3 R

1.
(1)
3.2
(2)
2.4
2. 3.2

1.
(1)
(2)
2.
(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

3.
(1)
(2)
(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

1.
(1)
(2)
(3)
2.
(1)
(2)
3.

1.

(1)

(2)
1-12

m
12
20
50

3.2
2.4

12
20

3.6

50

3.6

50

4.2

50

4.0

50

4.2
2.0
4.2

50
12
50

3.0

50

3.6

50

4.8

50

4.8
4.8
4.8

3.2
2.8
4.0

12
12
50

4.8

4.8


(3)

(4)

2.
(1)
(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

1-13

4.8

4.8

4.8
4.2

4.8

4.2

4.8

A/L>15%
A

C1-1

1-14

A/L>15%

A/L>15%

L
A

A/L>15%

C1-2

1-15

1-16


2.1

1. 1-3 50 15

2.

10
1.1

3.1

2.2
V
S aD I
V =
W
(2-1)
1.4 y Fu

S
S aD
(2-2) aD
Fu
Fu m
S aD
S
; aD 0.3
F
Fu
u
S aD
S
S

= 0.52 aD + 0.144 ; 0.3 < aD < 0.8

Fu
Fu
Fu m
S
S
0.70 aD
; aD 0.8

Fu
Fu

(2-1)

(2-2)

V =

I
1.4 y

S aD

W
Fu m

(2-3)

2-1

SaD
g

I
W 75 kgf/m2

y
Fu

(2-1)
SaD
86
Z C
0.4 S DS = Z(= EPA/g) C2-1 EPA
Z
Z=0.4 S DS

Fu
C2-1
Pu u

Pu u / y
Pd

y Py

y = Py / Pd
1.4 Py Pu
1-3 R
Fu
R

Fu =R R
Fu = 2 R 1

0.4 S DS
2-2

S aD / Fu 5%~14% 3-1
S aD / Fu (2-2)
S aD / Fu
(2-2)(C3-1)
3-1
(2-2)
I 1.0

2.3
S SD S1D
5%
g
S SM S1M

5% g

S SD S1D 50 10%
475 S SM S1M 50 2%
2500
2.7 S SD
S1D S SM S1M 2-1

475
50 10%

50 2% 2500

50
10% 2%
200
2-3

C2-2 C2-5

2-1 C2-2 C2-5

2.4 2.7
PGA
PGA

0.3
1.0
(0.3 1.0 )

2.7

2.4

SDS SD1 SMS

SM1
S DS = Fa S SD
S D1 = Fv S1D

S MS = Fa S SM
;
S M 1 = Fv S1M

(2-4)

Fa
SS ( S SD S SM ) Fv
S1 ( S1D S1M )
2-2(a) 2-2(b) Fa Fv

30 VS30 VS30 270 m/s

()180 m/s VS30< 270 m/s ()VS30<
180 m/s ()
30 VS30

i =1 d i
n
i =1 d i Vsi
n

VS 30 =

(2-5a)

2-4

di i (m) i =1 d i = 30 mVsi i
n

(m/sec)

120qu0.36 ; N i < 2
Vsi =
13
; 2 N i 25
100 N i

(2-5b)

Vsi = 80 N i

13

; 1 N i 50

(2-5)

Ni i N qu i
(kgf/cm2)

Fa Fv
SDS SD1 Fa Fv S SD
S1D 2-2(a) 2-2(b) SMS
SM1 Fa Fv S SM
S1M 2-2(a) 2-2(b)

ATC-32(1996)
IBC2000(2000)(1997)
30 (1)
30 VS (2) 30
N (3) 30
N CH su 94

( su < 0.255 kgf/cm2) 3

30
VS30
VS30=270 m/s

qu N

2-5

2.5

2-3
2-4-1 2-4-7
SDS SD1
SMS SM1
S DS = S SD Fa N A ; S MS = S SM Fa N A ; N A 1.0

(2-6)

S D1 = S1D Fv N V ; S M 1 = S1M Fv N V

(2-7)

; N V 1 .0

Fa Fv 2.4
S SD N A ( S SM N A ) S1D N V ( S1M N V )
2-2(a) 2-2(b) N A N V

r 2-4-1 2-4-7

N A N V

N A N V r
1.0

2.6
SaD
T SDS SD1
SaM T
SMS SM1
SaD SaM 2-5(a) 2-5(b)
2-6

 2-5(a) 2-5(b) T0D T0M

T0D =

S D1
S DS

; T0M =

SM 1
S MS

(2-8)

T
1.

T = 0.085hn3 / 4

(2-9)

T = 0.070hn3 / 4

(2-10)

hn
2.

T = 0.050hn3 / 4

(2-11)

T
1.4

2-5(a) SaD
SDS
T0D 1 / T T ()
T0D (2-8)T0.2 T0D
SaD 2-5(b)
SaM
T0M (2-8)
T
T 0.07 hn3 / 4
SRC
T=0.050 hn3 / 4
94 T CU CU
SD1 1.2 1.3

FEMA 368 (2000)FEMA 450 (2003) IBC2006 (2006)

CU 1.4 1.7
1.4

2-7

2.7

2.7.1
20

2-6(a)
SDS
SMS T0D T0M
2-6(c)
SaD T
SDS T0D 2-7(a)
SaM T
SMS T0M 2-7(b)
2.7.2
2-6(b)
2.3 2.6
S SD S1D S SM S1M
2-6(b)
2-6(a) 2-6(b) 2-1

()()

94 921
331

NCREE-08-043

( 94 )
T0D

2-8

 T0D
SDS T0D
SaD

2006 97
2-6(a) 2-6(b) 2-1

20 SPT-N

>50 VS30>270m/sec
20

2-6(b)

2.8
I

I=1.5
(1) ()()

(2)
(3)
(4) ()
(5)
(6)

I=1.5

I=1.25
(1)
(2) ()

(3) ()

(4)

2-9

(5)

(6)
(7)
(8)
3000
1.25
1000
1.25

I=1.0

1.5

1.5

I=1.25
3000

1000 1.25

2.9
y y

Fu R
T R 1-3
Ra R
(R 1)
Ra = 1 +
(2-13)
1 .5
(R 1)
Ra = 1 +
(2-14)
2 .0
1-3
2-10

 R
Fu Ra T

Ra
; T T0D

T 0.6T0D
2 Ra 1 + Ra 2 Ra 1
; 0.6T0D T T0D
D
0.4T0

(2-15)
Fu =
; 0.2T0D T 0.6T0D
2 Ra 1

T 0.2T0D
2
R

1
+
2
R

; T 0.2T0D
a
a

D
0.2T0

D
T0 T0D
2.7 (2-8)

(
(

R
R

1. R
2. 2.1
(1) R
(2) R
R R

R R

C2-1

Pd Py
Py / Pd y y
y
y 1.2
y y 1.0
y 1.5
1.0 y 1.0

0.66 Fy
1.33
f b ( D + L ) + FbE = 0.66 Fy 1.33 = 0.878 Fy

(C2-1)
f b ( D+ L ) f bE
2-11

Fy
f b ( D + L ) + y f bE = Fy

(C2-2)

f b ( D+ L ) = mf bE (C2-1)
f bE =

0.878 Fy

1+ m
(C2-2)

(C2-3)

(m + y ) f bE = Fy

(C2-4)

(C2-3)
1 + 0.122m
(C2-5)
0.878
y m m 2.01.00.50.25 0 y

y =

1.4171.2781.2081.174 1.139 y =1.2

M n
1.05M D + 1.275M L + 1.403M E = 0.9 M n

(C2-6)
M D M L M E

M D + M L + yM E = M n

(C2-7)
M D = mM E , M L = nM E (C2-7)
0.9Mn
m + n + y ==1.05 m +1.275 n +1.403
(C2-8)

y = 1.403 + 0.05m + 0.275n

(C2-9)

y m n m = n =0.25 y =1.484 m = n =0.5

y =1.566 m n y =1.5
Fu R

R
C2-6
2 R 1
C2-7

Newmark-Hall
R 0.2 T0D
T0D

2-12

 Fu 1.0 0 0.2 T0D

C2-8
R 1-3
Ra
2/3
1/2(2-13)
(2-14)

2.10
2.10.1
(2-1)
V *
V * =

V * =

IFu
3.5 y

IFu
4.2 y

S aD

W
Fu m

S aD

W
Fu m

(2-16a)

(2-16b)

2.4 (2-16) S aD
N A N V N A N V 1.0

2.10.2
(2-1)
VM

VM =
S
aM
FuM

I
1.4 y

S aM

FuM

W
m

(2-16c)

S aM

FuM

S aM
S
; aM 0.3

FuM
FuM
S
S

= 0.52 aM + 0.144 ; 0.3 < aM < 0.8

FuM
FuM

S
S

aM
; aM 0.8
0.70 F
FuM
uM

2-13

(2-16d)

 FuM (2-15) R Ra
Fu 2.4 (2-16c)
S aM N A N V

2.10.1
2.2
475 2.10.1
30
30 50 80%
(2-16a)(2-16b) 30
30
475 1/4 R 4.0

475 1/4.2

475 1/3.5
2.10.2

(2-3)(2-16c)

2.11

Ft
Ft = 0.07TV

(2-17)

Ft 0.25V T 0.7 Ft
Ft ( n )

Fx =

(V Ft )Wx hx

(2-18)

i=1Wi hi
n

2-14

 x Fx Wx x
2.2 hx x

2.12

K K
H

K 0.11 S DS I
40

(2-19)

SDS I H
H 20 20
2.10.1 K
(2-19) 4.2 3.5
2.10.2 (2-19) SDS SMS

Z 0.4SDS
(2-19)

2.13

P-
0.1 P-

P- P-
ETABS

2-15

2.14

Ax

Ax = max
1.2 avg

(2-20)

max x
avg x
Ax 3.0

Ax Ax
5%(2-20) Ax
5% Ax

2.15
x
Mx
M x = i = x Fi (hi hx )
n

(2-21)

Fi 2.11 hi i
2-8
-
( 2.12 )

Ft

2-16

2.16
2.16.1
V =

IFu S aD

W
4.2 Fu m

0.005

T 1.4 S aD 0.4 S DS
1.0 I=1.0
2.16.2

(2-3) 0.61.4yRa
P-

V =

( )

IFu SaD
4.2 Fu

30

94 (2-1)
0.4SDSIg 1.4 y Ra
(2-16) Fu 3.0 Fu
2.5 0.4SDSIg Ra 2.9
Fu =3.0 2.5 Ra* (2-16)
1.4 y Ra*
475 (2-3)
0.6

2-17

2.17

80% V= FuM

( )

S aM
FuM m

IW

() 80%

1990 1995
1999 921

1999
921
80%

RC
RC RC
RC RC 0.50.4
0.25

V= FuM

( )

S aM
FuM m

IW

0.4SMSIg

2-18

2.18

SaD,V SaD
S aD ,V = 12 S aD
SaD,V = 23 SaD
(2-22)
2.10

1994 1995 1999 921

VZ =

I
1.4 y

S aD ,V

Fuv

W
m

(C2-10)

S
S aD ,V
; aD ,V 0.15
F
Fuv
uv
S
S

aD ,V = 0.52 aD ,V + 0.072 ; 0.15 < S aD ,V < 0.4

F
Fuv
Fuv
uv m
S aD ,V
S

; aD ,V 0.4
0.70 F
Fuv

uv
S
S aD ,V
; aD ,V 0.2
F
Fuv
uv
S
S

aD ,V = 0.52 aD ,V + 0.096 ; 0.2 < S aD ,V < 0.53

F
Fuv
Fuv
uv m
S
S

aD ,V
; aD ,V 0.53
0.70 F
Fuv

uv

(C2-11a)

(C2-11b)

Fuv

R 3.0 Ra Fuv
(C2-10) VZ = K Z W K Z

2-19

 K Z

0.40 S DS I / 2 y
0.80 S DS I / 3 y

EQV

30% 100% 30%

0.75(1.4 D + 1.7 L 1.87 EQ X 0.3 1.87 EQV )

(C2-12)

0.75(1.4 D + 1.7 L 1.87 EQY 0.3 1.87 EQV )

(C2-13)

0.75(1.4 D + 1.7 L 0.3 1.87 EQ X 1.87 EQV )

(C2-14)

0.75(1.4 D + 1.7 L 0.3 1.87 EQY 1.87 EQV )

(C2-15)

2-20

 2-1

S SD S1D
S SM S1M

S SD

S1D

S SM

S1M

0.6

0.35

0.8

0.5

0.6
0.6

0.3
0.35

0.8
0.8

0.45
0.5

0.6
0.6

0.35
0.35

0.8
0.8

0.5
0.5

0.6
0.6
0.8
0.8

0.3
0.35
0.45
0.45

0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9

0.5
0.5
0.55
0.55

0.8
0.8

0.45
0.45

1.0
0.9

0.55
0.55

0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6

0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.3
0.3
0.35
0.35
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3

0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8

0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.5
0.55
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.45

0.7
0.6

0.35
0.35

0.8
0.8

0.5
0.45

0.6
0.5
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.6

0.6

0.3
0.3
0.4
0.35
0.4
0.35
0.4
0.35
0.35

0.8
0.7
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.8

0.45
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.45

2-21

0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8

0.35
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.45
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.35
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.45

0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0

0.5
0.5
0.55
0.5
0.55
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.55

0.8

0.45

1.0

0.55

0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.7

0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.4
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.4
0.45
0.45
0.4
0.45
0.45
0.4

1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
1.0
1.0
0.9
1.0
1.0
0.9

0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.5
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.5
0.55
0.55
0.5
0.55
0.55
0.5

0.8
0.8

0.45
0.45

1.0
1.0

0.55
0.55

0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7

0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.4

1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9

0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.5

2-22

0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.4
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.4
0.4
0.45
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4

0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.5
0.5
0.55
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.55
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5

0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.45
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4

0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.55
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5

2-23

0.8
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7

0.45
0.4
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.45
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.45
0.4
0.4
0.45
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4

1.0
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9

0.55
0.5
0.55
0.55
0.5
0.55
0.5
0.55
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.55
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.55
0.5
0.5
0.55
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5

0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7

0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.4
0.4
0.4

0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.5
0.5
0.5

2-24

0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8

0.7
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.4
0.45
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.45
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4

0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.5
0.55
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.55
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5

0.8
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4

1.0
0.9
1.0
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0

0.55
0.5
0.55
0.5
0.55
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.55
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.55

2-25

0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.4
0.4
0.4

0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.55
0.5
0.5
0.45
0.45
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5

0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35

0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5

2-26

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5

0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.4
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3

0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7

0.5
0.5
0.45
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.45
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.4
0.45
0.45
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4

0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5

0.5
0.8

0.4
0.4
0.35
0.35
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.45

0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.0

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.55

2-27

0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8

0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.4
0.3
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45

1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.8
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.45
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.5
0.45
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55

0.5

0.3

0.7

0.4

2-28

 2-2(a) Fa ()
SS ( S SD S SM )

SS 0.5
1.0
1.1
1.2

SS=0.6
1.0
1.1
1.2

SS=0.7
1.0
1.0
1.1

SS0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0

SS=0.8
1.0
1.0
1.0

2-2(b) Fv ()
S1 ( S1D S1M )

S1 0.30
1.0
1.5
1.8

S1=0.35
1.0
1.4
1.7

S1=0.40
1.0
1.3
1.6

S10.50
1.0
1.1
1.4

S1=0.45
1.0
1.2
1.5

2-3

1.

2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
7.

15
5
7

105

13

25
67

>25
37
11
18

2-29

M7.1
(1935.04.21)
M7.1
(1935.04.21)
M7.3
(1999.09.21)
M7.0
(1906.03.17)
M7.1
(1941.12.17)
M6.3
(1946.12.05)
M7.3
(1951.11.25)

 2-4-1

N A N V

(a)
r2 km 2kmr5 km 5kmr8 km 8kmr12 km
NA
1.23
1.16
1.07
1.03
r2 km 2kmr5 km 5kmr8 km 8kmr12 km
NV
1.36
1.32
1.22
1.10

r12 km
1.00
r12 km
1.00

(b)
NA
NV

r2 km
1.25
r2 km
1.50

2-4-2

2kmr5 km 5kmr8 km 8kmr12 km

1.20
1.10
1.03
2kmr5 km 5kmr8 km 8kmr12 km
1.45
1.30
1.15

N A N V

(a)
r2 km 2kmr5 km 5kmr8 km
NA
1.28
1.20
1.10
r2 km 2kmr5 km 5kmr8 km
NV
1.33
1.27
1.10

r8 km
1.00
r8 km
1.00

(b)
NA
NV

r2 km
1.26
r2 km
1.42

2-4-3

2kmr5 km 5kmr8 km
1.18
1.05
2kmr5 km 5kmr8 km
1.32
1.15

r8 km
1.00
r8 km
1.00

N A N V

(a)
r2 km 2kmr5 km 5kmr10 km
NA
1.28
1.20
1.10
r2 km 2kmr5 km 5kmr10 km
NV
1.31
1.25
1.15

r10 km
1.00
r10 km
1.00

(b)
r2 km 2kmr5 km 5kmr10 km
NA
1.26
1.17
1.05
r2 km 2kmr5 km 5kmr10 km
NV
1.42
1.32
1.15

r10 km
1.00
r10 km
1.00

2-30

r12 km
1.00
r12 km
1.00

 2-4-4

N A N V

(a)
r2 km 2kmr5 km 5kmr8 km
NA
1.37
1.28
1.15
r2 km 2kmr5 km 5kmr8 km
NV
1.44
1.36
1.20
(b)
r2 km 2kmr5 km 5kmr8 km
NA
1.30
1.20
1.05
r2 km 2kmr5 km 5kmr8 km
NV
1.48
1.36
1.15

2-4-5

1.00
r8 km
1.00
r8 km
1.00
r8 km
1.00

N A N V

(a)
r2 km 2kmr5 km
NA
1.23
1.06
r2 km 2kmr5 km
NV
1.15
1.05
(b)
r2 km 2kmr5 km
NA
1.29
1.10
r2 km 2kmr5 km
NV
1.30
1.15

2-4-6

r8 km

r5 km
1.00
r5 km
1.00
r5 km
1.00
r5 km
1.00

N A N V

(a)
NA
NV

r2 km
1.15
r2 km
1.15

2kmr5 km 5kmr8 km
1.08
1.00
2kmr5 km 5kmr8 km
1.10
1.03

(b)
r2 km 2kmr5 km 5kmr8 km
NA
1.21
1.17
1.05
r2 km 2kmr5 km 5kmr8 km
NV
1.42
1.35
1.15

2-31

r8 km
1.00
r8 km
1.00
r8 km
1.00
r8 km
1.00

 2-4-7

() N A N V

(a)
r2 km 2kmr5 km 5kmr8 km 8kmr12 km r12 km
NA
1.42
1.37
1.28
1.14
1.00
r2 km 2kmr5 km 5kmr8 km 8kmr12 km r12 km
NV
1.58
1.53
1.38
1.20
1.00
(b)
r2 km 2kmr5 km 5kmr8 km 8kmr12 km 12kmr15km r15 km
NA
1.32
1.26
1.10
1.02
1.00
1.00
r2 km 2kmr5 km 5kmr8 km 8kmr12 km 12kmr15km r15 km
NV
1.58
1.48
1.30
1.16
1.05
1.00

2-5(a) SaD

T0.2 T0D

0.2 T0D <T T0D

T0D <T2.5 T0D

2.5 T0D <T

SaD = SDS(0.4+3T/ T0D )

SaD = SDS

SaD = SD1/T

SaD = 0.4SDS

2-5(b) SaM

T0.2 T0M

0.2 T0M <T T0M

T0M <T2.5 T0M

2.5 T0M <T

SaM= SMS(0.4+3T/ T0M )

SaM= SMS

SaM= SM1/T

SaM = 0.4SMS

2-32

 2-6(a)

( 116 )

( 36 )

( 12 )

( 13 )

( 58 )

( 38 )

( 53 )

( 18 )

2-33

( 10 )

( 19 )

( 38 )

( 78 )

( 10 )

2-34

( 84 )

( 7 )

( 1 )

( 28 )

( 15 )

( 9 )

( 23 )

2-35

( 25 )

( 5 )

( 37 )

( 9 )

( 24 )

( 38 )

( 4 )

2-36

( 14 )

( 18 )

( 1 )

( 14 )

( 36 )

( 3 )

( 3 )

( 28 )

( 36 )

2-37

( 34 )

( 13 )

( 28 )

( 3 )

( 28 )

( 17 )

2-38

 2-6(b)
S SD S1D
S SM S1M

S SD

S1D

S SM

S1M

0.6

0.35

0.8

0.5

0.6

( 28 )

0.35

0.8

0.5

0.6
( 8 )

0.35

0.8

0.5

( 2 )

0.6

0.35

0.8

0.5

( 2 )

0.5

0.3

0.7

0.45

( 2 )

0.5

0.3

0.7

0.45

0.5

( 18 )

0.3

0.7

0.45

0.6

( 23 )

0.35

0.8

0.5

( 1 )

0.3

0.7

0.45

( 2 )

0.5

2-39

S SD

S1D

S SM

S1M

( 20 )

0.6

0.35

0.8

0.5

( 26 )

0.7

0.40

0.8

0.5

( 34 )

0.6

0.35

0.9

0.55

( 17 )

0.5

0.3

0.7

0.45

( 8 )

0.6

0.35

0.8

0.5

( 12 )

0.7

0.4

0.9

0.55

( 7 )

0.7

0.4

0.9

0.55

( 13 )

0.5

0.3

0.7

0.45

( 9 )

0.5

0.3

0.7

0.45

( 12 )

0.6

0.35

0.9

0.55

( 12 )

0.7

0.4

0.9

0.55

( 11 )

0.7

0.4

0.9

0.55

( 15 )

0.5

0.3

0.7

0.45

( 10 )

0.5

0.3

0.8

0.5

( 5 )

0.7

0.4

0.9

0.55

0.6
( 4 )

0.35

0.8

0.5

0.6

0.35

0.8

0.5

0.6
( 4 )

0.35

0.7

0.45

0.5
( 9 )

0.3

0.8

0.5

0.5
( 7 )

0.3

0.7

0.45

( 2 )

2-40

 2-6(c)

SDS
SMS
T0D T0M

SDS

SMS

T0D T0M ()

0.6
0.6
0.6

0.8
0.8
0.8

1.60
1.30
1.05

2-7(a) SaD

T 0.2 T0D

0.2 T0D < T T0D

T0D < T 2.5 T0D

2.5 T0D < T

SaD = SDS(0.4+3T/ T0D )

SaD = SDS

SaD = SDS T0D /T

SaD = 0.4SDS

2-7(b) SaM

T 0.2 T0M

0.2 T0M < T T0M

T0M < T 2.5 T0M

2.5 T0M < T

SaM = SMS(0.4+3T/ T0M )

SaM = SMS

SaM = SMS T0M /T

SaM = 0.4SMS

2-8 ( n )
n-x10
10n-x20
n-x20

C2-1

=1.0
=1.0-0.02(n-x-10)
=0.8

EPA

S SD

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

EPA

0.20

0.24

0.28

0.32

2-41

 2-1

Pu
Py

R=

Pd
y* y

u
y

C2-1 R

2-42

0.8
0.8g
0.7
0.7g
0.6g
0.6
0.5g
0.5

C2-2 S SD

2-43

0.45
0.40
0.356
0.30

C2-3 S1D

2-44

1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7

C2-4 S SM

2-45

0.55
0.50
0.456
0.40

C2-5 S1M

2-46

R (Seismic Load)
R*

R**
U (displacement)
Uy

Ue , Uu

C2-6 ()

R (Seismic Load)
R*

R**
U (displacement)
Uy

Ue

Uu

C2-7 ()

Sa (T)

0.2 T0D

0.6 T0D

T0D

C2-8

2-47


3.1

1. 50 15
2. 20 5
1-1 1 3 1-2
3. 5 20

3.2
( S aD / Fu ) m
I/(1.4y)
IFu/(4.2y)
IFu/(3.5 y )(2-16c) VM
( S aM / FuM ) m I/(1.4y)

5% 3-1
BS B1
SDS SD1 SDS/BS SD1/B1SDS SD1
5% BS=B1=1.0
SaD
T SDS/BS SD1/B1
3-2 T0
T0 =

S D1 BS
S DS B1

(3-1)

SaD T
SDS/BS (T0SDS/B1T) 3-3
T0

T0 =

T0D BS
B1

(3-2)

T0D 2-6(c)

3-1

(2-1)(2-16)
I/(1.4y)
IFu/(4.2 y ) I/(1.4y)
IFu/(3.5 y )

SaD SaD
g
9.8
5% BS B1 IBC2000

in=1 { J }i [k ]i { J }i i
T

J =

(C3-1)

{ J }T [K ]{ J }

J J
[K]

[k ]i i
{ }J J
{ J }i i J
i

(3-2)(3-3)

3.3

1.

2.
90%
3. 90%

4. 3.2 3-2 3-3 3-1

3-2

3-2
3-3 3-1
3-2 3-3

3.4

2.13

3.5

x y 90%

CQC SRSS

90%

90%
CQC Complete Quadratic Combination Method

1/ 2

N N

ra = S jk r j rk
j =1 k =1

S jk =

(C3-2)

8 j k ( j + r k )r 3 / 2
(1 r 2 ) 2 + 4 j k r (1 + r 2 ) + 4( j2 + k2 )r 2

3-3

(C3-3)

r=

wk
wj

(C3-4)

r j rk j k S jk j k
j k j k wk w j k j

3.6
3.6.1

()
5%
0.2T 1.5T
90% T

3.6.2
I/(1.4 y Fu )
I/(4.2 y )
I/(3.5 y ) 3.3

3.6.3
3.4

I/(1.4 y Fu )

()

S aD / Fu

;
5 %

= (16S aD / Fu + 0.2 ) % ;
13 %
;

S aD / Fu 0.3
0.3 < S aD / Fu < 0.8
S aD / Fu 0.8

(C3-5)

3-4

3.7

5%

5% 2.14 Ax

5%

3.8
2.12

2.12

3.9
2.16.1
2.16.2

3.10
2.17

3-5


2.17
Fu SFaMu m IW

( )

3.11
2.18

2.18

3-6

 3-1

BS B1()
(%)
<2
5
10
20
30
40
>50

3-2

BS
0.80
1.00
1.33
1.60
1.79
1.87
1.93

B1
0.80
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.63
1.70
1.75

SaD

T0.2T0

0.2T0<TT0

T0<T2.5T0

2.5T0<T

1
T
S aD = S DS 0.4 +
0.4

BS
0.2T0

3-3

S aD =

S DS
BS

S aD =

S D1
B1T

S aD =

0.4S DS
BS

SaD

T0.2T0

0.2T0<T T0

T0<T2.5 T0

2.5 T0 <T

1
T
S aD = S DS 0.4 +
0.4

BS
0.2T0

S aD =

3-7

S DS
BS

S aD =

T0D S DS
B1T

S aD =

0.4S DS
BS

3-8

4.1

4.2
200

4.2

(1)(2)
(3)(4)

(1)(2)(3)
(4) 2 (5)
(6) 2 (7)
(1)(2)
(3)(4)
(5)

4-1

4.2
Fph
ap
Fph = 0.4 S DS I p
(1 + 2 hx hn )W p
R pa

(4-1a)

F ph
Fph = 1.6 S DS I pW p

(4-1b)

F ph
Fph = 0.3S DS I pW p

(4-1c)

S DS 2.4

WP
a p 4-1 4-2
R Pa

R pa = 1 +
R pa = 1 +

Rp 1

Rp 1

1 .5

(4-2a)
(4-2b)

2 .0

R P 4-1 4-2
F ph

I p

I p =1.5
I p =1.0 I p
h x x
hn

Fpv
1
F pv = F ph
(4-3a)
2
2
F pv = F ph
(4-3b)
3
(4-1)(4-3)

4-2

MIOS 891008
IBC2000 FEMA273274
302 303

50

4.3

MIOS 891008

4.4
2.8

(2-3)
1.4 y Ra P-

4.5

1.

4-3

2. Fph
80%
4-1

ap

Rp

1.0
1.0

1.25
2.5

2.5
2.5

2.5
2.5

1.0
1.0

2.5
2.5

1.0

2.5

1.0
1.0
1.25

2.5
2.5
1.0

1.0
1.0
2.5
1.0

2.5
1.25
3.5
2.5

1.0

2.5

1.0
1.0
2.5
2.5

2.5
1.25
2.5
2.5

a.
b.
c.

1.0
1.0
1.0

3.5
2.5
1.25

13. .
a.
b.
c.

1.0
2.5
2.5

3.5
2.5
1.25

1.
a.()
b.
2.()
a.
b.
3 .()
a.
b.
c.
4.
a.
b.
c.
5.
a.
b.
6.()
7.
8.
a
9.
a.
b.
10.
11.
12

4-4

 4-2

ap

Rp

a.

1.0

2.5

b.
c.

2.5
2.5

2.5
2.5

d.

2.5

2.5

e.

1.0

2.5

1.0

2.5

2.5

2.5

a.

1.0

3.5

b.

1.0

2.5

c.

1.0

1.25

1.

2.
a.
b.
3.

4.
a.
b.

2.5

2.5

1.0

2.5

c.

1.0

2.5

d.

1.0

2.5

5.

1.0

2.5

6.

1.0

2.5

7.
8.

2.5

2.5

a.

1.0

3.5

b.

1.0

2.5

1.0

1.25

9.

4-5

4-6


5.1
1.

2.

3. W 2.2

4.
5. 2.16

0.1 P-
6.
25%

R
R

5.2
1. ( 1-3 )

2. 15
R 1.6

5-1

5.3
0.06

Vh =

S DS IW
3 y

(5-1)

Vv
1
2
Vv = Vh Vv = Vh
2
3

Vh

(2-1)SaD=0.4SDSFu=1.0
1.4 1.2(5-1)
0.06 SaD>0.4SDSFu 1.0
SaD/Fu=0.4SDS(5-1)

5.4

(5-1)

1. ( S3DS yI g 12

S DS I
3 y

g 23

S DS I
3 y

g )

2.
2.3 ( 2.4 ) 2.8

5-2

5.5
5.3 5.4

1. R 5-1
2. 2.11 2.8

3.

80%

IBC2000FEMA273274302 303
5-1

1.

1.2

2.

2.0

3.

1.6

4.()

1.6

5.

1.2

6.

2.0

7.

1.6

8.

2.0

9.

2.0

10.

1.2

11.

1.6

5-3

5-4


6.1

2.
(1) 1-2 5
(2) 1-2

100% 30%
1.

ACI
90% 85%

6.2
6.2.1
1-3

6.2.2

6.2.3

6.2.4

1.4 y Ra P
1.7

1.

6-1


2. (4-1)

(1)
1.4 y Ra 1.25
(2)

(3)

(4) (4-1) R p 3.0 a p 1.0

(5) (4-1)
R p 1.0 a p 1.0
(6)

1.4 y Ra

6.2.5

Fp = 0.2 IS DSW p Wp
6.2.6

6-2

 1.4 y

6.2.7

C6-1(a)
BC
AD AB A
A C6-1(b)

1.4 y

6.2.8

6.2.9

Fp = 0.4 IS DS ww ww

6.2.9
(1)

(2)
n

Fpx =

Ft + Fi
i= x

W px

(6-1)

Wi

i= x

W px x Ft Fi i
(6-1) 0.3SDSIWpx
0.15SDSIWpx
6-3


(6-1)
(3)

(4)
1-2 1 4
1/3
0.75
(5) 1-2 2

1.
2.
6.2.10

0.2

(6-1)

(6-1) Fi Ft (6-1)
(6-1)

1/3 0.75
1-2 ETABS 6.0

(5)

6-4

6.2.11

1.4 y

6.2.12
1-1 4 1-2 1234

25%

1-1 4 1-2 4

1.4 y

C6-2
25%
25% 6.2.6

C6-3
1.4 y

6-5

(a)

(b)

(c)

C6-1 (a)(b)(c)

6-6

 C6-2

6-7

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

C6-3

6-8


7.1

7.2

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

13.
14.

7.3

1.(Complete penetration groove welds) 100%

X
2.(Partial penetration groove welds)
X
19mm

3. 38mm

7-1

7.4

1
2
3

1
2
3

7-2

8.1

1995 1
9400

1995 10

1999 921

63 71 78 86
93 94

8-1

8.2
1. (
)

2.

3.

4.

5. ()

89 6 16

97 11 27

475I

475

I=1.5

0.4SDSSDS
50

8-2

8.3
1.

2.

1996 4

1997 3
()

8.4
1.

2.

8-3

8-4

9.1

9.1.1

9.29.3
9.4
9.5

0.1~1
2
(C9-1)

C9-1

5(recenter stiffness)

9-1

2.50

(g)

2.00

1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
0.00
50.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

(cm)

40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

(sec)

C9-1

9.1.2

9.2.1

9.2.1
475

9.2.1
475
2500

9-2

9.1.3

9.1.4

9.1.5

9.5.2.1.5
9.5.2.2.5

9.1.6

()
(1) 1-1
1-2
(2) 1-1
(3) 1-2
(4)

9-3

()

9.1.7
9.2 9.3

9.2.1

9.2.1

9-4

9.2
9.2.1

1.
2. Te2.5
3.
4.
(1) 9.4.2.4
(2)

2.5
N A =1 NV =1

9.2.2

9.5

9.2.3
9.2.3.1

DD
g
DD = 2 S aD TeD2 / B
4

9-5

(9-1)


DD ()
SaD
0.4 S DS
B 9.2.4
TeD 9.2.4

V = C sW

(C9-1)

Cs5%
C s = S aD

(C9-2)

W Cs

5% B

Cs
C S = S aD / B

(C9-3)

S aD g / B = ( 2 / TeD ) 2 DD

(C9-4)

DD =

g
4 2 B

S aD TeD2

(C9-5)

9.2.3.2
DTD DTM

DTD DTM
g
2
DM = 2 S aM TeM
/B
4

9-6

(9-2)

12e

DTD = DD 1 + y 2
b + d 2

(9-3a)

12e

DTM = DM 1 + y 2
b + d 2

(9-3b)

DTM1.5DTD

DM()
SaM
0.4 S MS
TeM (sec)
9.2.4
y (m)
e
5%
d

DTDDTM(9-3a)(9-3b)
DD DM 1.1
DTM
9.5.2.1.59.5.2.2.5

(9-3a)(9-3b) e
5%
15%30%(9-3a)(9-3b)

(9-3a)(9-3b)
DD
D M 1.1 DTD
200%
DTM

9-7

1.5DTDDTM

1
2

9.2.4
TeD
TeM

TeD = 2

W
K eD g

(9-4a)

TeM = 2

W
K eM g

(9-4b)

KeD
KeM
W
B
B = BS Te < T0

(9-5a)

B = B1 Te T0

(9-5b)

Te TeD
TeM BS B1 3-1
e

eD eM
eD =

A
1
[ TD 2 ]
2 K eD DD

(9-6a)

eM =

A
1
[ TM 2 ]
2 K eM DM

(9-6b)

ATDATM

(9-4a)(9-4b)

9-8

KeD

keD 9.5.2.1.39.5.2.2.3
(C9-2)

K eD = k eD

(C9-6)

i =1

3
i
k eD = 1 k eD
3 i =1

(C9-7)

Fi + Fi
i
k eD
=
2 DD

(C9-8)

m
k eD
i
i
k eD

Fi + Fi i

DD (9-1)

+
F

D
D()

m
F + Fi
1 3 i i
K eff = k eff k eff = k eff
k eff = i
3 i =1
2D
j =1

C9-2 mi
5%B(BSB1)3-1
e

9-9

e =

ED
4E S

(C9-9)

E D (ATD) E S

ES =

1
K eD DD2
2

(C9-10)

(C9-10)(C9-9)

eD =

A
1
[ TD 2 ]
2 K eD DD

(C9-11)

(C9-11) ATD
9.5.2.1.39.5.2.2.3

9.2.5
9.2.5.1

Vb

Vb =

K eD DD
0.8 y

(9-7)

KeD
DD (9-1)

9.2.5.2
VS

VS =

K eD DD

(9-8)

(9-7) (9-8)C9-3
y2.9
KeDDD

K eD DD

y2.9

9-10

Fu

C9-3

9.2.5.3
VS
1.
2. 1.5

(1)(2)

9.2.6
Vs

Fx = VS

Wx u x
n

W u
i =0

i i

9-11

(9-9)


Wx x
Wi i(i =0 W0 )
ux fx xfx

f x = K eD DD

Wx

(9-10)

W
i =0

x Fx
Fx

C9-4(a)

C9-4(b)
Wo

(a)

(b)

C9-4

9.2.7
2.13

9-12

9.2.2

(1)
(2)

(3)
(4)

9.2.8
2.14

9.2.9

9.2.6

9.2.10
9.2.10.1

0.005 / y

2.16

9.3.9

9-13

9.2.10.2

0.6( DTD + Dr ) Dr

DTM P

0.6
9.2.11

SaD,V (2-22)SaD
0.4 S DS

9-14

9.3
9.3.1
1.
9.2.1

2.

9.2.1
9.2()

9.2.1
475
2500

9.3.2
BBSB1
SaD /B 3-1
5% S aD 3.2
3-1 0.4 S DS

B BS B 1
5%1.09.3.7

9.3.3

9.3.3.1

9-15

(1) ()
0.8(9-7)Vb90%
(2)
(9-8)VS80%9.2.5.3

(3)
(9-8)VS 9.2.5.3

9.3.3.2
(1) ()
0.8(9-7)Vb90%
(2)
(9-8)VS60%9.2.5.3

(3)
(9-8)VS80%9.2.5.3

9.3.4

(1) (9-3a)DTD90%
(2) (9-3b)DTM80%
9.2.3.2DTDDTM DD'
DM DDDM DD DM
DD =
DM =

DD
1 + (T / TeD )

(9-11a)
2

DM
1 + (T / TeM )

(9-11b)
2

TeD TeM
(9-4a) (9-4b)T

9-16

2.62.6 hn

T 2.6
9.3.5
9.3.5.1

9.3.5.2
9.2.2

(1)
(2)

(3)
(4)

9.3.5.3
9.3.5.3.1

()9.2.14

9.3.5.3.2

(1)

(2)

9-17

9.3.6

(1) xy
90%
(2)
CQCSRSS

9.3.25%

30%

( e ) j

( j )Ti K i ( j )i i

Tj K j

(C9-12)

( e ) j j
Ki

( j ) i ij

i
(C9-12) ( e ) j j5%

( e ) j B(BSB1)
5%
5%1.0

90%

9.3.7

( )

9-18

5%0.2TeD(TeM)1.5TeD(TeM)
()90%
()
TeD(TeM)()

3.6
TeD

9.3.8

5%

3.7

9.3.9
9.3.9.1

0.005 / y
P
0.1 P

9.3.9.2

9.2.10.2

9-19

9.3.10
9.2.11

3.11

9-20

9.4
9.4.1

9.4.2
9.4.2.1

9.4.2.2

9.4.2.3

9.4.2.4

9.4.2.5

DTM
9.4.2.6
1.2QD+0.5QL+QE
0.8QDQE QE

9.4.2.7

1.5 0.9

9.4.2.8
(1)
(2)

9-21

(3)

(4)

9.4.2.9
9.5
9.4.3
9.4.3.1

9.4.3.2

9.4.4

1.5
0.9

9-22

9.5
9.5.1

9.5.2

9.5.2.1
9.5.2.1.1
(QD + 1 QL + QE )
2

9.5.2.1.2
QD+QL
()
9.5.2.1.3
QD
DD 0.25 0.50 0.751.01.251.0

9.5.2.1.4
QD
DD
9.5.2.1.5
QD + 1 QL + QE QD QE
2
DTM E

9.5.2.2
9-23

 QD + 1 QL + QE 200kgf / cm 2
2
DTM 250%

9.5.2.2.1
200kgf / cm 2

9.5.2.2.2
150kgf / cm 2
()

9.5.2.2.3
100kgf / cm 2
50%100%150%200%250%200%

9.5.2.2.4
100kgf / cm 2
200%
9.5.2.2.5
200kgf / cm 2 20kgf / cm 2
250%

(QD + 1 QL + QE ) 200kgf / cm 2
2

C9-5
20% 60% 80%100%
Kv180%60%40%Kv2
Kv
( K + Kv 2 )
(C9-13)
K v = v1
2

9-24

100%

Kv1

80%

60%

Kv2
40%
20%

/
(%)

0%

C9-5
50
20oC

9.5.3

i k ei
k ei =

Fi + Fi
2 i

(9-12)

1 E di
2 k ei 2i

(9-13)

ei

ei =

Fi + Fi

i
k ei

E di 9.5.2.1.3 9.5.2.2.3

9.5.4

9.5.4.1
9.5.4.2 9.5.2.1.19.5.2.2.1
80%
9.5.4.3 9.5.2.1.29.5.2.2.2

9-25


9.5.4.4 9.5.2.1.39.5.2.2.3
10%
k ei k e
(9-14)
10%
ke
kei
k e

9.5.4.5 9.5.2.1.39.5.2.2.3
10%
k eA k eB

{k

A
e

,k

B
e min

10%

(9-15)

k eA , k eB AB
{k eA , k eB }min k eA k eB

9.5.4.6 9.5.2.1.39.5.2.2.3
15%
85%
9.5.4.7 9.5.2.1.4 9.5.2.2.4
20% 70%
9.5.4.8 9.5.2.1.5 9.5.2.2.5

9.5.2

9.5.5

9-26

9.5.5.1
9.5.5.1.1
1.5(QD+QL)

9.5.5.1.2
QD
DD
9.5.5.2
1. 9.5.5.1.1

2. 9.5.5.1

3. 9.5.5.1.215%
85%

9.5.5
-

9-27

9.6
9.6.1

9.6.2
9.6.2.1

9.6.2.2

(1)

(2)

(3)

9-28


10.1.1

10.1.2

Ra

R10.310.4

1. 42
1.3
1.3
2. 4
22.0
2.0

10-1

C10-1

Lateral base
shear

EDS

EDS

Lateral deformation

Lateral base
shear

C10-1

Lateral base
shear

EDS
EDS

Lateral deformation

EDS

EDS
Lateral deformation

C10-2 C10-2

EDS
EDS
()

()
4
()

(=130% 4
200% 4 )

()

Constantinou(1996)
()() 10.3

10.3
10.3

10-2

10.2

(
)()
()
()

C10-3
C10-3

Displacement

Force

Force

Force

Force

()()
C10-4

Displacement

Displacement

Displacement

C10-3 C10-4

Force

Force

C10-3C10-4
C10-5

C10-5
ATC(1993)EERI(1993)SoongConstantinou (1994)

Displacement
Fluid restoring force/
damping device

Displacement

C10-5

10-3

10.2.1

F = k eff D

(10-1)

keff
keff =

F+ + F

(10-2)

D+ + D

F + F D + D

()
Whittaker (1989)Aiken Kelly(1990)ATC(1993)Soong
Constantinou (1994) Grigorian Popov(1994) Yang Popov(1995) Li
Reinhorn(1995)
10.2.2

A.
(
)
(Kelvin )
(f1)

F = k eff D + CD

(10-3)

C D D
keff
k eff =

F+ + F
D+ + D

= K

(10-4)

10-4

C=

WD
K
=
2
1 Dave 1

(10-5)

K 1 2f1 Dave D + D WD
-

C10-6

F = k eff D + CD

(C10-1)

keff =

F+ + F

(C10-2)

D+ + D

Force

WD
C=
2
(C10-3)
D ave
D ave D + D

keff

F+
-

KDave

WD

D+ Displacement
-

Dave =

D+ + D
2

K C10-6
K
C=

(C10-4)

C10-7Chang
(1991)

Bergman
Hanson(1993)
C10-7
( G )
( G )
C10-7
(G

)
(Kasai 1993)

(G
)
/

C10-7
10-5

 21C C10-8
C10-9

K2

K1
Spring

Dashpot

C10-8
G1=5.18 MPaG2=0.48 MPa
C10-9
2=0.31 MPa-sec/radG1G22
Kt
Kt
Ct
G1 = 1 ; G2 = 2 ; 2 = 2
(C10-5)
Ab
Ab
Ab

K1K2 C2 Ab
t
B.

(
)
(Maxwell )
(f1)

c exp
F = k eff D k = CD
c

D = D k + D c

(10-6)

k eff C Dk
cexp cexp 0.2
Dc D
c

2.0 D

(ATC1993)
C10-3

(Makris 1993)
10-6

 C10-10 Maxwell

Spring

Dashpot

C10-10 Maxwell
C.

()
0.5f1 2.0f1

0.5f1 2.0f1

F = C0 D sgn (D )

(10-7)

C0 D
sgn

(Constantinou Symans 1993 Soong

Constantinou1994)
0.5f12.0f1f1

0.5f12.0f10.5f1
2.0f1
f1
0.5f12.0f1

F = C0 D sgn (D )

(C10-6)

=1 0.5 2.0 (0.52.0)

10.2.3

()

C10-5
TsopelasConstantinou(1994)Nims(1993)
Pekcan(1995)

10-7

10.3

30%

()

10.3.1
A.

1.(2.12 )
80% 120%

2. 50%

3-1

eff = +

W
j

Dj

+ WFi
(10-8)

4Wk

3.2 0.05 WDj

j WFi
Wk (10-9)
Wk =

1
Fi u i
2 i

(10-9)

Fi u i i
10-8

(
)

()
30%
(3-1)
1.(3-1)

2.(2.12 ) i
Fi
3. i Fi u i
4. Fi u i (10-8)(10-9)
eff
5. 4 1 1 4
1 4

B.

50%

3-1

Vj

eff = +

+ WFi
(10-10)

4Wk

3.2 0.05 WVj

j WFi
Wk (10-9)
j
WVj =

2 2
C j 2rj
T

(10-11)

T Cj j rj
j (10-10)(10-12)
10-9

eff = +

C j u rj2 cos 2 j + T 2 W Fi
j
i
T Fi u i

(10-12)

j j u rj j
u i i
C.

10.3.1A 10.3.1B

Dj

eff = +

+ WVj + WFi

(10-13)

4Wk

(10-13)

1.
(2.12 )V

2.
(10-3)(10-6)(10-7) D
2f1 D D

3.
CF1
CF2

(10-14)

(10-15)

CF1 = cos tan 1 (2 eff )

CF2 = sin tan 1 (2 eff )

eff (10-10)(10-12)(10-13)

()
30%
(3-1)
1.(3-1)
10-10


2.(2.12 ) i
Fi
3. i Fi u i
4. Fi i (10-10)(10-12)(10-13)
eff
5. 4 1 1 4
1 4

(1)(2)(3)

(a)
(b)
f1
( CF1 + 2 eff CF2 )
Constantinou (1996)
CF1 = CF2 = 1
10.3.2

30%

(1)(2)

90%

10.3.1A

A.

5%
5%(Bs
B1)
3-1
10.3.1A
10-11

 10.3.1 90%
90%

(10-8)

10.3.1B

5%
B.

5%
(Bs B1)
3-1
m ( eff m )
eff m = m +

W
j

mj

(10-16)

4 Wmk

m m Wmj j
Wmk m (10-16)

Wmk =

1
Fmi u mi
2 i

(10-17)

Fmi u mi m i j
m
2 2
Wmj =
C j 2mrj
Tm

(10-18)

Tm m Cj j
mrj j m

10.3.1B CF1 CF2

m eff m (10-14)(10-15)
10.3.1 90%
90%

10-12


(10-16)(10-18)

10.4
10.4.1

()
5% 0.2TeD(TeM) 1.5TeD(TeM)
() 90%
() TeD(TeM)()

()(
)

(10.7)
10.4.2
2.10

10.4.3

0.005

10.3.1
10-13

10.5
10.5.1

10.5.2

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

10.5.3

10.5.4

10.5.5

10.5.6

10-14

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

10.5.7
10.7

10.5.8

10.6
10.6.1

10-15

1.
2.

3.
4.
5.

10.7
10.7.1

(1)
(2) 10.5.7

10.7.2

10.7.5

10.1.2

10.7.2
A.

B.

10-16

C.

1. 2000
()
f1=1/T1

2. 5
f1

(1)
(2)

(3)
D.
0.5f1 2.0f1
15% 0.5 f11.0f1
2.0 f1

E.

F.
(1)(2)

1.
2.
3.
10-17


10.7

100

2000
(1)(2)

2000
20

0.5f1
2.0f12.0f1
0.5f11/4
()
0.5 f11.0f12.0 f1

(1)
(2)
10.7.2C
2
10.7.4

10.7.3
10.7.2

(keff)
k eff =

F+ + F

(10-19)

+ +

F F + 10.7.2C

10-18

A.
1 WD
D =
2 k eff 2ave

(10-20)

keff (10-19) WD
( ave ) +
B.

V =

Cf
k eff

(10-21)

keff (10-19)C f

10.7.2
(keff)

10.7.4

1. 10.7.2C

2. 10.7.2C (keff)
15%

(1) 15%

(2)
3. 10.7.2C
15%

15%

4. 10.7.2C (WD)
15%

15%

5. 10.7.2C
(WD) 5
15%
6. 10.7.2C
(WD)

7. 15%
10-19

10.7.5

--

10.8

EDD

EDS

10-20

10.9
C C j

CFi

D ave D + + D

Dc

Dk

D
D

D

D
c

F + +
K
K
TeD
F

TeM

Tm m
Ts
WD
WDj

WFi i
Wmj m

Wmk m
Wk
WVj
cexp
f1

k eff

ui
u mi

i
m i

10-21

 ave
+

eff
D
V

+ +

) 2

0.05
10-1010-1210-13

mrj

rj

2 f1

BSSC, 1995, NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings,
1994 Edition Part 1: Provisions and Part 2: Commentary, prepared by the Building Seismic
Safety Council for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (Report Nos. FEMA 222A and
223A), Washington, D.C.
BSSC, 1997, NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and
other Structures, 1997 Edition, Part 1: Provisions and Part 2: Commentary, prepared by the
Building Seismic Safe Council for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (Report Nos.
FEMA 302 and 303). Washington, D.C.
BSSC, 2000, NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and
other Structures, 2000 Edition, Part 1: Provisions and Part 2: Commentary, prepared by the
Building Seismic Safe Council for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (Report Nos.
FEMA 368 and 369). Washington, D.C.
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Preservation Published in the Federal Register, Vol.48, No. 190, pp. 44716-44742.

Aiken, I. D., and Kelly, J. M., 1990, Earthquake Simulator Testing and analytical Studies of Two
Energy-Absorbing Systems for Multistory Structures, Report No. EERC-90/03, Earthquake
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Dissipation Systems," Earthquake Spectra, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland,
California, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 335-370.
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ATC, 1993, Proceedings of Seminar on Seismic Isolation, Passive Energy Dissipation, and
"Active Control, Report No. ATC-17-1, Applied Technology Council, Redwood City, California.
Bergman, D. M., and Hanson, R. D., 1993, "Viscoelastic Mechanical Damping Devices at Real
Earthquake Displacements," Earthquake Spectra, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute,
Oakland, California, Vol.9, No. 3, pp. 389-412.
BSSC, 1995, NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings,
1994 Edition, Part 1: Provisions and Part 2: Commentary, prepared by the Building Seismic
Safety Council for the Federal Emergency Management AgencyReport Nos. FEMA 222A and
223A, Washington, D.C.
Chang, K. C., Soong, T. T., Oh, S.-T., and Lai, M. L., 1991, Seismic Response of a 2/5 Scale
Steel Structure with Added Viscoelastic Dampers, Report No. NCEER-91-012, National Center
for Earthquake Engineering Research, State University of New York at Buffalo, New York.
Chopra, A. K., 1995, Dynamics of Structures, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Constantinou, M. C., Soong, T. T., and Dargush, G. F., 1996, Passive Energy Dissipation Systems
for Structural Design and Retrofit, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, State
University of New York at Buffalo, New York.
Constantinou, M. C., and Symans, M. D., 1993, "Experimental Study of Seismic Response of
Buildings with Supplemental Fluid Dampers," The Structural Design of Tall Buildings, John
Wiley & Sons, New York, New York, Vol. 2, pp. 93-132.
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EERI, 1993, "Theme Issue: Passive Energy Dissipation," Earthquake Spectra, Earthquake
Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, California, Vol. 9, No. 3.
Grigorian, C. E,, and Popov, E. P., 1994, Energy Dissipation with Slotted Bolted Connections,
Report No. UCB/EERC-94/02, Earthquake "Engineering Research Center, University of
California, Berkeley, California.
Kareem, A., 1994, "The Next Generation of Tuned Liquid Dampers," Proceedings of First World
Conference on Structural Control, Los Angeles, CA, pp. FP 5-19 to PP 5-28.
Kasai, K., Munshi, J. A., Lai, M. L., and Maison, B. F., 1993, "Viscoelastic Damper Hysteretic
Model: Theory, Experiment, and Application," Proceedings: Seminar on Seismic Isolation,
Passive Energy Dissipation, and Active Control, Applied Technology Council Report No.
ATC-17-1, Redwood City, California.
Kaynia, a. M., Veneziano, D., and Biggs, J. M., 1981, "Seismic Effectiveness of Tuned Mass
Dampers." Journal of the Structural Engineering Division, American Society of Civil Engineers,
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Li, C., and Reinhorn, A. M., 1995, Experimental Study and Analytical Investigation of Seismic
Retrofit of Structures with Supplemental Damping: Part II-Friction Devices, Report No.
NCEER-95-0009, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, State University of
New York at Buffalo, New York.
Liang, Z., Tong, M., and Lee, G. G., 1995, Real Time Structural Parameter Modification (RSPM):
10-23

Development of Innervated Structures, Report No. NCEER-95-0012, National Center for

Earthquake Engineering Research, State University of New York at Buffalo, New York.
Makris, N., Constantinou, M. C., and Dargush, G.. F., 1993, "Analytical Model of Viscoelastic
Fluid Dampers," Journal of the Structural Engineering Division, American Society of Civil
Engineers, New York, New York, Vol. 119, No. 11, pp. 3310-3325.
Mayes, R. M., 1988, "Analysis, Design and Testing of the Isolation System for the Salt Lake City
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Restraint for Seismic Hazard Mitigation," Earthquake Spectra, Earthquake Engineering Research
Institute, Oakland, California, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 467-498.
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Structure with Elastomeric Spring Dampers," Earthquake Spectra, Earthquake Engineering
Research Institute, Oakland, California, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 249-267.
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Vibrations," Proceedings, International Conference on High Rise Buildings, Nanjing, China.
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10-24

Fluid Dampers for Seismic Response Control," Proceedings of First World Conference on
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Base shear

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Energy Dissipators, Report No. UCB/EERC-95/13, Earthquake Engineering Research Center,
University of California, Berkeley, California.

Vy

1
Ki

Ks

0.6Vy
Ke

O
10.1

t
Roof Displacement

10-25

10-26


11.1
11.1.1

1.
2.
11.1.2 11.1.3

(1)
(2)
86
1990 V
1995 1996

1996
V 1995

1996

11.1.2
3
0.2kgf/cm2

0.2kgf/cm2
(
[29])

11-1

11.1.3
1.
2

2.
FL FL 1.0

FL =

R
L

(11-1)

R
L

()
(
0.4 S DS
0.4 S DS
A=
g A =
g )(
4 .2
3 .5
A = 0.4 S DS g )( A = 0.4 S MS g
)

1.

1964
1990 1995 1999 921

2. 1996 V

a.

b
(1) 20 10

(2) FC 35% FC 35%

Ip 15
(3) 50% D50 10mm 10% D10 1mm

11-2

b.
FL FL 1.0

FL =

R
L

L = rd

(C11-1)

A 0
g 0

(C11-2)

rd = 1.0 0.015 x

(C11-3)

0 = { rt1 hw + rt 2 ( x hw ) } 10

(C11-4)

0 = { rt1 hw + rt2 ( x hw ) } 10

(C11-5)

FC
Ip
D50
D10
FL
R
L
rd
A

(%) 75m

50% (mm)
10% (mm)

0 (kgf/cm2)
0 (kgf/cm2)
x
(m)
rt1 (tf/m3)
rt2 (tf/m3)
rt2 (tf/m3)
hw (m)

c.
R(C11-6)

R=
0.0882

0.0882

( N a < 14)

N a / 1 .7
6

N a / 1.7 + 1.6 10 ( N a 14)

4.5

(14 N a )

(C11-6)

N a = C1 N 1 + C 2

(C11-7)

11-3

N 1 = 1 .7

N
( 0 + 0.7)

(C11-8)

(0% FC < 10%)

C1 = ( FC + 40) / 50
FC / 20 1

(10% FC < 60%)

(60% FC )

C2 =
( FC 10) / 18

(0% FC < 10%)

(10% FC )

(C11-9)

(C11-10)

N a = { 1 0.36 log 10 ( D50 / 2)

}N

(C11-11)

R
N N
N1 1kgf/cm2 N
Na N
C1C2 N
3. 1995

4.

(1) FC 35%
(2) FC 35%

5. D50 2mm
D50 2mm
10mm
6. R N D50
FC

FC (C11-7) (C11-10) N (C11-6)

R
(1)

(2) N
N

7. (C11-6)

11-4

11.1.4

1. 11.1.2

2. 11.1.3
3.

(1996 ) V

C11-1 DEDE = 0

C11-1

FL

FL

1
3

1
2
FL
3
3
2
FL 1
3

DE

x (m)

R
R 0.3

0.3 < R

0 x 10

1/6

10 < x 20

1/3

1/3

0 x 10

1/3

2/3

10 < x 20

2/3

2/3

0 x 10

2/3

10 < x 20

10 10
DE
11-5

11.1.5

1. 11.1.2 11.1.3
11.1.4
2. FL 1.0

3.

DE = 0

11.2

10%

11-6

11.3

11-7

11-8

 A
13 14
31

IBC2000UBC1997

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

13.
14.
A-1

(Peer Review)

(
)

3
3.1
3.4

1.
2.

3.

4.

3.2

3.3

3.4

1.
A-2

1fc 170kg/cm2
2 10kg/cm2
2.
3.

4. 3.4 1

5.

1
2

a 8mm
b
c
d
e
6

D16(#5) CNS SD420W(ASTM A706)

6.
1
2
3.2

7.
8.
30
3.5

A-3

3.6

UBC19941997 IBC2000 UBC1997

(Structural Test and Special Inspection)
IBC 2000 CNS
CNS ASTMJISDIN

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

IBC2000

FEMA350~353
1

a.
A-4

()

(
)
b.

2
a.
b.
3
a.
(
)
b.

4
a.
(
)
b.

5
a.
(1)
(2)
(3) 8mm
(4)<8mm
(5)
b.
(1)

(2)

(3)
(4)
6

a.
b.
c.

()
()

A-5

2
3

4
5

6
7

8
a.
b.
(Grouting)
9
10

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

()

30

A-6

1.

2.

A-7

3.

4.

5.

6.

1.(Complete penetration groove welds) 100%

X
2.(Partial penetration groove welds)
X
19mm

3. 38mm

7.

A-8

PCI

8.

1
2
3

1
2
3

FEMA FEMA353

1
2
3
4
5

2
3
4

A-9

1
2
3
4
5
6

IBC 2000UBC 1997

10

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

11.

1.
2.

3.

4.

12

A-10


11.1
11.1.1

1.
2.
11.1.2 11.1.3

(1)
(2)
86
1990 V
1995 1996

1996
V 1995

1996

11.1.2
3
0.2kgf/cm2

0.2kgf/cm2
(
[29])

11-1

11.1.3
1.
2

2.
FL FL 1.0

FL =

R
L

(11-1)

R
L

()
(
0.4 S DS
0.4 S DS
A=
g A =
g )(
4 .2
3 .5
A = 0.4 S DS g )( A = 0.4 S MS g
)

1.

1964
1990 1995 1999 921

2. 1996 V

a.

b
(1) 20 10

(2) FC 35% FC 35%

Ip 15
(3) 50% D50 10mm 10% D10 1mm

11-2

b.
FL FL 1.0

FL =

R
L

L = rd

(C11-1)

A 0
g 0

(C11-2)

rd = 1.0 0.015 x

(C11-3)

0 = { rt1 hw + rt 2 ( x hw ) } 10

(C11-4)

0 = { rt1 hw + rt2 ( x hw ) } 10

(C11-5)

FC
Ip
D50
D10
FL
R
L
rd
A

(%) 75m

50% (mm)
10% (mm)

0 (kgf/cm2)
0 (kgf/cm2)
x
(m)
rt1 (tf/m3)
rt2 (tf/m3)
rt2 (tf/m3)
hw (m)

c.
R(C11-6)

R=
0.0882

0.0882

( N a < 14)

N a / 1 .7
6

N a / 1.7 + 1.6 10 ( N a 14)

4.5

(14 N a )

(C11-6)

N a = C1 N 1 + C 2

(C11-7)

11-3

N 1 = 1 .7

N
( 0 + 0.7)

(C11-8)

(0% FC < 10%)

C1 = ( FC + 40) / 50
FC / 20 1

(10% FC < 60%)

(60% FC )

C2 =
( FC 10) / 18

(0% FC < 10%)

(10% FC )

(C11-9)

(C11-10)

N a = { 1 0.36 log 10 ( D50 / 2)

}N

(C11-11)

R
N N
N1 1kgf/cm2 N
Na N
C1C2 N
3. 1995

4.

(1) FC 35%
(2) FC 35%

5. D50 2mm
D50 2mm
10mm
6. R N D50
FC

FC (C11-7) (C11-10) N (C11-6)

R
(1)

(2) N
N

7. (C11-6)

11-4

11.1.4

1. 11.1.2

2. 11.1.3
3.

(1996 ) V

C11-1 DEDE = 0

C11-1

FL

FL

1
3

1
2
FL
3
3
2
FL 1
3

DE

x (m)

R
R 0.3

0.3 < R

0 x 10

1/6

10 < x 20

1/3

1/3

0 x 10

1/3

2/3

10 < x 20

2/3

2/3

0 x 10

2/3

10 < x 20

10 10
DE
11-5

11.1.5

1. 11.1.2 11.1.3
11.1.4
2. FL 1.0

3.

DE = 0

11.2

10%

11-6

11.3

11-7

11-8