ENGLISH ASSIGNMENT

GLOBAL WARMING
Name: Andrika Hilman Hanif
NIM: 5212415009
Mechanical Engineering

Semarang State University

Global Warming Ilustration

A. The condition of earth in the global warming era and the

Causes of Global Warming
Currently we are facing a big problem that can threaten human existence.
The problem is global warming. Global warming is the rising of earths
temperature average abnormally. This phenomenon will lead to the depletion of
ozones layer in earths atmosphere. The ozones layer which is supposed to
protect us from suns ray now starts to perforate so that the suns rays directly
will light us. This will endanger life of all creatures on earth. The earths
condition in the global warming era is pretty bad such as, earths temperature
rising, sea level increasing and toxic contamination.

The depletion of the ozons layer caused the earths temperature to increase.
That is because the suns ray lights us directly. There are many factors that
caused the ozons layer depletion such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
that produced by the majority of our transportation system, CFC gases, illegal
logging, the use of fossil fuels, green house effect, green house gas and many
more.
The use of a motor vehicle which is too much. The development in the field
of transportation turned out to be one of the factors causing ozone destruction.
We are very addicted on motor vehicle now. We dont realize that the use of
motor vehicle will produce combustion gases such as CO and CO2. These gases
will be collected and settle in atmospheres so that it scrapes ozones layer
gradually. The more motor vehicle used the more CO and CO2 gas will be
produced. Consequently, the destruction of ozone will be happened sooner.
CFC gases which are generated from the use of spray cans (Aerosol) as
perfume, Refrigerator, Air Conditioner and solvent substances. CFC gases that
accumulate in the atmosphere will decompose when exposed to ultraviolet light
and turn into chlorine atoms which are substances ozone destroyer.
Illegal logging. This irresponsible act is done by greedy and irresponsible
human being. They continue to cut trees on their behalf without knowing the
importance of trees for this earth. Though tree can convert gases CO2 into O2
which are very important for us. Without trees gases CO and CO2 will be
increase more and more. Of course this will fasten ozone destruction.
Today, Human prefers use fossil fuels such as kerosene, gasoline, diesel and
others. Fossil fuels are used in all aspects of human life such as household,
office and industry. They do not consider that every use of fossil fuels will
produce harmful gases for the ozone layer. Even by using electrical

transportation does not mean it stops the depletion of ozone layer, though it
does decrease the carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide contamination.
The earth natural green house effect is actually benefical for us. Because it
keeps the earth warm. Without the earth natural green house effect, the earths
average surface temperature woulde be a very chilly -18C instead of the
comfortable 15C that it is now.
Earths temperature begins with the Sun. Roughly 30 percent of incoming
sunlight is reflected back into space by bright surfaces like clouds and ice. Of
the remaining 70 percent, most is absorbed by the land and ocean, and the rest is
absorbed by the atmosphere. The absorbed solar energy heats our planet.
As the rocks, the air, and the seas warm, they radiate heat energy (thermal
infrared radiation). From the surface, this energy travels into the atmosphere
where much of it is absorbed by water vapor and long-lived greenhouse gases
such as carbon dioxide and methane.
When they absorb the energy radiating from Earths surface, microscopic
water or greenhouse gas molecules turn into tiny heaters like the bricks in a
fireplace, they radiate heat even after the fire goes out. They radiate in all
directions. The energy that radiates back toward Earth heats both the lower
atmosphere and the surface, enhancing the heating they get from direct sunlight.
The problem is not the earth natural green house effect, but The Enhanced
Green House Effect. What has scientists concerned now is that over the past
250 years, humans have been artificially raising the concentration of greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere at an ever-increasing rate, mostly by burning fossil
fuels, but also from cutting down carbon-absorbing forests. Since the Industrial
Revolution began in about 1750, carbon dioxide levels have increased nearly 38
percent as of 2009 and methane levels have increased 148 percent.

The atmosphere today contains more greenhouse gas molecules, so more of

the infrared energy emitted by the surface ends up being absorbed by the
atmosphere. Since some of the extra energy from a warmer atmosphere radiates
back down to the surface, Earths surface temperature rises.
Research shown by the IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change),
in the last 100 years, the earths surface temperature has been increased by 0.74
0.18 C.
The earths temperature rising caused the ice on the poles to melt and
increase the sea level. This phenomenon is dangerous for humans and animals,
these are some negative effects caused by the increasing sea level:
- Now some lower landscape are not a land anymore.
- Penguins an polar bears population are now decreasing because of the melting
ice and no longer have a place to live.
- Cities and towns along the nation's major rivers will experience more severe
and frequent flooding.
- Some areas will likely experience more extensive and prolonged droughts.
- Some low-lying vacation areas, such as parts of the Florida Keys and Cape
Cod, will be much less appealing as sea levels rise, dunes erode, and the areas
become more vulnerable to coastal storms.
- Many families and businesses, who have made their living from fishing,
farming, and tourism could lose their livelihoods, and others who love hunting,
boating, skiing, birdwatching, and just relaxing near lakes, streams, and
wetlands will see some of their favorite places irretrievably changed.

Polar bear losing its habitat

Research from IPCC and the other 24 institutes from Europe estimated
that with the melting of polar ice sea level will increase arounf 36.8cm in 2100.
It may seems not to much. But as you can see above, the negative effects are so
dangerous and threaten human and animal existing.
The condition of the earth nowadays not only because of climate
unstability and green house effects. Earth condition also changed because of
irresponsible act by humans. Sea and river contamination are not only
dangerous for the human but also for the existence of species living in or around
it.
Toxic waste that dumped in the river is one of humans irresponsible acts that
caused earth condition to be worse and worse, and species in the river and river
banks decreased. Dangerous toxic changed the water into unhealthy water. This
condition caused fish and other living beings that need the healthy water from
the river to suffer and even causing deaths.
We often heard the oil spills in the ocean. Oil spills present the
potential for enormous harm to deep ocean and coastal fishing

and fisheries. The immediate effects of toxic and smothering oil

waste may be mass mortality and contamination of fish and
other food species, but long-term ecological effects may be
worse. Oil waste poisons the sensitive marine and coastal
organic substrate, interrupting the food chain on which fish and
sea creatures depend, and on which their reproductive success
is based. Commercial fishing enterprises may be affected
permanently.
Wildlife other than fish and sea creatures, including mammals, reptiles,
amphibians, and birds that live in or near the ocean, are also poisoned by oil
waste. The hazards for wildlife include toxic effects of exposure or ingestion,
injuries such as smothering and deterioration of thermal insulation, and damage
to their reproductive systems and behaviors. Long-term ecological effects that
contaminate or destroy the marine organic substrate and thereby interrupt the
food chain are also harmful to the wildlife, so species populations may change
or disappear.

B. The Devices of Mechanical Engineering that Worsen Global

Warming
The Industry sector produces the goods and raw materials we use every day.
The industry sector use alot of big machine that powered by the electricity or
fossil fuels. Both of them worsen the earth condition. But the fossil fuels
powered one is worse than the electrical because it produce the green house
gases. The greenhouse gases emitted during industrial production are split into
two categories: direct emissions that are produced at the facility, and indirect
emissions that occur off site, but are associated with the facility's use of energy.

Direct emissions are produced by burning fuel for power or heat, through
chemical reactions, and from leaks from industrial processes or equipment.
Most direct emissions come from the consumption of fossil fuels for energy. A
smaller amount, roughly a third, come from leaks from natural gas and
petroleum systems, the use of fuels in production (e.g., petroleum products used
to make plastics), and chemical reactions during the production of chemicals,
iron and steel, and cement.
Indirect emissions are produced by burning fossil fuel at a power plant to
make electricity, which is then used by an industrial facility to power industrial
buildings and machinery.
So, almost every mechanical engineering devices in industry sector worsen
the global warming. For the example, the most common devices that used by
the industrial that worsen global warming: Dump truck, oil rig, excavator, and
any other devices that powered by fossil fuels or electricity.

Sources:
http://www.caramudahbelajarbahasainggris.net/2015/03/contoh-analyticalexposition-text-about-global-warming.html

http://www.belajarbahasainggrisku.com/2015/01/contoh-hortatory-expositiontentang-global-warming-dalam-bahasa-inggris-dan-artinya.html
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemanasan_global
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http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Oc-Po/Oil-Spills-Impact-on-theOcean.html#ixzz3o2FrgXFV