LOG BOOK

KAS 1021
RECREATIONAL & ADVENTURE 1
NAME

: MUHAMMAD FAIZ BIN NORDIN

MATRIC NUMBER

: 17514

GROUP

: GROUP 4

DATE

: 09rd APRIL 2014

CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY
This is to certify that I am responsible for the work submitted in this project/assignment that the
original work in my own except as specified in the references and acknowledgements, and that
the original work contained herein have not been undertaken or done by unspecified sources or
persons.

CONTENT

TITLE

PAGES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

PROFILE

INTRODUCTION

PART 1 : THEORY

LECTURE 1

6-7

LECTURE 2

7-8

LECTURE 3

9-20

LECTURE 4

21-33

LECTURE 5

34-47

LECTURE 6

48-58

LECTURE 7

58-60

OUTCOMES

61

CONCLUSION

62

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With the name of Allah the most beneficent and the most merciful.
Alhamdulillah, all praises to Allah SWT because of his Blessing, Guidance and Merciful, I can finish
my Log Book of Recreational and Adventure 1. Firstly, I want to take this opportunity to express

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my gratitude to my Recreational and adventure 1 lecturer, Mr. Ahmad Rosli bin Din, because of all
his efforts in give guidance, give moral support and encourage us to strive hard in this course. I
also want to thank him because of his kindness throughout the theory class.

Besides, I want to thank to both of my parent because of their support, love and giving valuable
information relating to this course. Without them, I think I cannot finish this course with success.
They also help me indirectly during this log book making.

Lastly, I would like to express my gratitude to my presentation group and also camping group
because had done a lot of kindness to me throughout the course. I am grateful for their
cooperation during the period of my assignment. Hope all the nice memory will remembered and
applied for further future.

PROFILE

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NAME

MUHAMMAD FAIZ BIN NORDIN

MATRIC
ID
IC NO

17514
940522-08-5209

COURSE

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

YEAR

2nd YEAR 1st SEMESTER

DATE OF
BIRTH

22nd MAY 1994

PLACE OF
BIRTH

PARIT BUNTAR HOSPITAL

HOBBY

READING

E-MAIL

Faiznordin94@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION

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Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP) aimed to produce well-rounded students. However it is not
only in academic but also in co-curriculum. Thus, the Credited Co-curriculum Programme was
established by UTP in order to provide students with knowledge and experience to develop and
enhance student capability and potential. Moreover, it is to give chances for the students to
involve in non-academic activities. One of the credited co-curriculum course offered by UTP was
Recreation & Adventure 1 (KAS 1021).

Recreation & Adventure I course offered the students to learn the basic theories and knowledge on
the recreational and adventure activities. To obtain these theories and knowledge, seven lecture
sessions and a 2 days and 1 night camping activity had been conducted successfully throughout
this semester. Each lecture session was conducted by Mr. Ahmad Rosli Din who are the lecturer of
Recreation & Adventure 1 course. Special thanks to him for supplying us a lot of informations and
knowledge.

Thus, to report of the details and knowledge obtained throughout this course in this semester
(January 2014), I, Muhammad Faiz bin Nordin had prepared this log book that include the log of
learning & theories.

PART ONE: THEORY

LECTURE 1

DATE: 18th February 2014

VENUE: Lecture Room 12
TIME: 8.00pm 10.00pm
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INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE: RECREATIONAL & ADVENTURE 1

The lecture started with the lecturer introduced himself as Mr. Ahmad Rosli bin Din. After
that all students are needed to introduce each one of us.. All of the students gave some of their
details like name, course, year of study and birth place. Next, we proceed to the next agenda
which was selecting the captain and vice captain. There are several names given by some
students and we make a voting to choose the captain first. As a result from majority, Muhammad
Hafizi Bin Zainol Abidin was chosen as a captain. Then, we vote for vice-captain and as a majority,
Yasaman Sadat Baakhlaagh was chosen as vice-captain.
Then the lecturer had some briefing to the students regarding the date for the class in this
semester which is first class in on 18th February, and then on 25th February, 4th March, 11th March,
18th March, 25th March and last class is on 4th April. Mr. Rosli also told us regarding the date for our
camping which is on 29th March until 30th March 2014. Then Mr. Rosli continue with the outline of
this course which the students will be evaluated based on their attendance, presentation and
logbook. Based on the attendance, Mr. Rosli told us that we can just skip the class with two
condition.
Seven lecture sessions will be conducted this semester and most important activity of this course
is camping activity that will be held. The marks for camping is 40% and for the classes is 60%
which give 20% for the presentation.
Each student must prepare a two log book which are individual log book and camping log book.
The individual log book is the compilation of notes and what we have learnt it the class. The
camping log book is the report of activities during the camping. Lastly, sir told us the tips to score
A in this subject where we cannot just copy and paste from our senior report or works and sir also
give us the format about how to make a log book.

DISCUSSION ON CRITERIA FOR LOG BOOK

Mr. Rosli shown to us some of the past log books to us and guided us how to prepare
log book that need to be sent at end of the semester. The lecturer showed the slides of
the preparation for logbook which include cover page, acknowledgement, content,
introduction, students profile, and the contents of seven lectures. In each lecture session
we need to state the date, venue, time and total hour of the lecture.

LECTURE 2
DATE: 25th February 2014
VENUE: Lecture Room 7
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TIME: 8.00 pm-10.00 pm

DEFINITION OF RECREATION AND ADVENTURE

Recreation and adventure are activities carried out in the open air and natural environment.
Recreation and adventure need source like nature which include land, water air and recreation and
adventure also need human which normally consists of hobby, students, high performance sport
and extreme sport. Normally people with their hobby will stop when they reach 40 to 45 years old
and this is same goes to the person who active in high performance sport like football and rugby
because normally they also cannot last for a long time to do the exercise so they will stop around
30 to 35 years old. The effect from this will make a lot of disease will attack them like heart attack,
high blood pressure, diabetes and many more . As a precaution they need to do the exercise
frequently at least three times per week and one hour per session.
Outdoor activities basically use the nature to expose individuals or a group to the practical
experiences, like feelings and interactions with the real natural situation. It is practiced as past
time activities/hobbies and recreational activities as a learning process/formal and informal
education. Other than that, Mr. Rosli also told us about his experience when join the camping at
the Gunung Korbu. According to Mr. Rosli, there are three member of this camping that was died.
Two person die in the tent at the top of Gunung Korbu and the third one was died when he try to
cross the river in the heavy rain. After that, Mr. Rosli give to us the topic for the group presentation
which consists 20% of our mark. The topics are knowledge about the recreation and adventure,
what is recreation and adventure, what is camping, camping spot, camping ethics, camping
safety, physical fitness, equipment, climbing, rope knot, food, skill and the outcomes from the
recreation and adventure. Then we were told to divide into a small group. Each group consists six
person and in our class we have 13 groups.

3 MAIN NATURE FIELD

You can carry out an outdoor RECREATION and ADVENTURE activity based on 3 main nature fields:

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LECTURE 3
DATE: 4th March 2014
VENUE: Lecture Room 7
TIME: 8.00p.m-10.00p.m
DEFINITION OF RECREATION AND ADVENTURE
Recreation and adventure are activities carried out in the open air and natural environment.
Outdoor activities basically use the nature to expose individuals or a group to the practical
experiences, like feelings and interactions with the real natural situation. It is practiced as past
time activities/hobbies and recreational activities as a learning process/formal and informal
education.

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3 MAIN NATURE FIELD

You can carry out an outdoor RECREATION and ADVENTURE activity based on 3 main nature fields:

-Land
-Water
-Air

Nature

-Hobby
-Student

RECREATION

Human/People

What does to do in Recreation and Adventure?

At the age of 45, if you are active in Recreation and Adventure, when it came stop at 45
years immediately, some disease will come .That is why you need to continue as long as you can.
It is high performances sport.
1 ) <35 years old : more stamina.

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2) >35 years old : no more active .

RECREATIONAL FORMS

Generally, recreational forms are as below:

It could be passive or active.

Its carried out during leisure time.

If practiced in the right way, it can become an activity that can motivate a person to live
creatively, with fun and meaning.

Look closely and you will find that recreation is more individualistic i.e. it is chosen and enjoyed by
an individual.

PASSIVE
Outdoor activities that are passive are activities that are not active and challenging. It does not
require physical and mental strength. In line with its inactive form, it is not challenging. This type
of recreation is like picnicking in the weekends or strolling in the evenings and this includes:

Human base recreation (like watching TV)

Base on hobby (reading, writing, bird watching)

Base on culture (kite playing, top spinning, singing)

These passive recreational activities are only to relax the mind.

ACTIVE
Active outdoor recreation has certain challenges. It requires physical and mental strength. It can
also contribute towards active and physical build. General involvement in this outdoor recreation
is still minimum even though it gives a lot of benefits.
Outdoor recreation activists have defined the physical recreation as activities with the following
forms:

These activities can be carried out alone or in groups.

Involvement in these activities is voluntary.

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Time to do it is outside of working hours.

Other than filling up leisure time out of working hours, these activities are meant to make
one forget temporarily daily working stress.

TYPES OF ACTIVE ACTIVITIES

Centralized On Land

Camping

Climbing

Orienteering

etc.

Centralized On Air

Free Falling

Parachuting

Gliding

etc.

Centralized On Water

Swimming

Canoeing

Rafting

etc.

KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

One who wishes to participate in any recreational activities need to equip oneself with knowledge
on various recreational aspects, and certain related skills required, e.g:
For example:

Kite boarding

Downhill snow kayaking

Freestyles motocross

etc.

(also called as Extreme Sport, action sports, aggro sports and adventure sport) is a popular term
for certain activities perceived as having a high level of risk.

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Although the activities have been categorized by land, water and air, the fans of this activity has
created a new activity mix up the natural resources of their creativity to get satisfaction, although
it is dangerous to themselves.
Here we must to list these activities in accordance with a clear involvement of nature use.

KITE BOARDING

Natural resources: land, water and air are used to perform these activities. Kite wind and surf
board is used in water or skate board is used on the mainland.

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 DOWNHILL KAYAKING
Kayaks are necessarily used in the waters, lakes, rivers and oceans are now used in snowy high.

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 FREESTYLE MOTORCROSS
Freestyle motorcross refers to a discipline of conventional motocross riding. Unlike other forms of
motocross that involve racing, freestyle focuses on aerial maneuvers known as tricks. Freestyle
riders use ramps in order to execute tricks.

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With the said knowledge and skills, the activity becomes meaningful and one will become very
conscious of ones environment. The given knowledge is also hoped to build a sense of
responsibility, especially towards usage of recreational resources. This is to ensure that these
resources are maintained for future generations.

GROUP PRESENTATION
DATE: 4th March 2014
VENUE: Lecture Room 7
TIME: 8.00 pm-10.00 pm

GROUP 1 PRESENTATION: CAMPING SAFETY

Why safety is important?
To ensure that the flow of the trip will be smooth.
To reduce or eliminate hazards.
To prevent lost ,injury or death occurred

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Safety
The things that should be taking into account to ensure safety are:

Wild animals.

Natural phenomenon.

Camping site.

Avoid lost.

Lack of food.

This presentation will give safety tips about:

1) What should we do before camping?
2) How to trail?
3) What should we do when getting lost?
4) What should we do during lightning?

Before camping
Proper planning
Wear appropriate clothing
Be in good physical condition
Learn basic first aid
Pack enough food and water
Check your equipment

TRAIL TIPS
Before starting out, do warm-up exercise
Bring enough water and food
Never hike by yourself
Stay alert

What to do IF YOU GET LOST:

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 Stay calm
Pay close attention to your surrounding and landmark
Warm yourself if it is nightfall
Follow drainage or stream

WHAT SHOULD WE DO DURING RAINING:

Always bring rain gear

Do not camp in a low area or near a drainage path.

Use ground cloth to pack up tent and other supplies when it is wet.

Plan some alternative indoor activities.

LIGTHNING:

Drop metal objects

Don't sit or lie down

Don't return to an open area too soon

Avoid isolated trees.

If you are caught in an open field, seek a low spot.

spread out so that people are at least 100 feet from one another

Conclusion

Things to do before camping

Trail tips

If you get lost

Lightning and rain

GROUP 2 PRESENTATION: CAMPING SAFETY

Food Safety

Avoid bring RAW food since theres no place to store

Canned or Packed Food

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Bring aluminium foil or pan if needed

Fishing when emergency

Store raw food away from others

HOW TO AVOID WILD ANIMALS?

stay away from shorelines in areas where crocodiles are a consideration
go slowly and purposefully in a different direction and leave them alone
Dont sneak up on them
Make noise,sound and banked fire.
Walking in groups much safer than going it alone

Prevent Temperature-Related Illness

Temperature is one of the Big 3 condition during camping.

If there are any changes of 3C in human body, we might have the risk to die. (+ or 3)

Therefore, maintaining our body temperature is very important during camping.

To prevent hypothermia during cool nights, bring enough clothing to stay warm.

Sleeping bag and jacket are preferred.

To prevent heat-related illness such as fever and sun burn, drink lots of water, wear lightcolour clothes and apply sun block cream.

If humidity is high, sweat will not evaporate quickly which prevent the heat to be released
from our body.

We should also keep our body dry by changing the wet clothes and wipe our body by using
towel.

So, we should bring sufficient amount of clean clothes.

AVOID WATER RELATED ILLNESS & INJURIES

Intestinal infections from drinking untreated water is common. The primary culprit is a
microorganism known as Giardia.

Do not drink straight from streams, rivers or lakes. Drink only from safe sources, such as
water taps in campgrounds.

If you use water from natural sources, use chemical treatment or filtration. Untreated water
must be brought to a sustained boil for 35 minutes to kill harmful organisms.

Never swim alone.

If you plan to ride in a boat, canoe, or other water vehicle, be sure to wear a life jacket.

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Avoid alcohol

SAFE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

LIGHT ACTIVITY
VIGOROUS ACTIVITY

IMPORTANT TIPS OF SAFETY FOR ALL PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES

WARM UP & COOLING DOWN
APPROPRIATE CLOTHING
HYDRATION
AMERGENCY EQUIPMENT

WAYS TO FIGHT BUGS BITE

There are actually many natural and budget-friendly ways to ward off bugs and
soothe bites such as: Garlic
Apple Cider Vinegar
Aloe Vera
Wear Light Clothing

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LECTURE 4
DATE: 11th March 2014
VENUE: Lecture Room 7
TIME: 8.00pm-10.00pm

In this fourth lecture, Mr Rosli starts this class by giving his lecture about camping. Camping is one
of the outdoor activities. We can also assume this activity as our life in the outdoor environment.
Camping involved many things such as cooking, responsibility, protection and so on. Usually
camping was held during holidays and can be done in forests, hills, mountains, beach, river and so
on. There are several criteria to this activity which are:
1) How to do it
Comfortable and safe camping needs good planning and preparation. The place and weather for
the camping must be suitable. Besides that, we have to respect the environment during the
camping such as keep the camping site clean and do not make any waste.
2) Camping results
We have to make sure that when having the camping, the activity can give us satisfaction, fun and
new challenges. Besides that, we can also feel the close contact to the beautiful nature. Having
camping makes us keeping more about time and study on how to appreciate it. As the true results,
the camping can lead us more spiritual in any forms and can get along with other people in our
social life.
3) Camping Spots
When arrived to camping site, we can fix our tents. After the tent is stand up, we can manage the
things such as cooking equipments and others. After all things is settled, we can take bath and
some rest before the dark appeared.
4) Choosing a Camping Spot
To have a nice camping, we have to choose nice camping spot. The camping spot must have all
the criteria that can lead us to do our activity. The criterias are the spot chosen must be flat and
wide, number of days involved, there is no protection from wind, number of participants that can

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fill the place, the availability of water or water hole, has an interesting view and environment,
exposed to sunlight to dry, damp or wet thing, has connection to the road, tracks or pathways for
emergencies or to get stock when run out of stocks.
5) Donts
We have to avoid all these things when choosing a camping spot or fixing a camp. The first is
avoiding the high grass because that can lead to danger of fire and crawling animals. Second is
avoiding the thick bushes cause it have many dangerous insects. Third is avoiding from too near
with the water sources to avoid the sudden floods when rains come heavily. Fourth is avoiding the
muddy area because it can dirty the camp and others equipments. Fifth is avoiding the high banks
or slopes because the slippery can lead us to danger. Sixth is avoiding from camping under the big
trees because the old branches that can break and fall to us.
6) Safety of Camping Area
There are many things that have to be considering in order ensuring that our camping is
comfortable and safe. We must choose the safest and the most suitable spot as recommended.
Besides that, when leaving the tent, we have to make sure that tent is closed always. Then we can
mark any spot that can lead us to danger such as slippery spot, holes, falling old branches and so
on. We must also take any things that can be our weapon to avoid crawling animals. In addition,
we have to avoid all of our equipments does not in messy and do not cooking in the tent.
7) Camping Ethics
The location of our camping activity could be near to public places or property owned by others.
Therefore, camping ethics hinder us from disturbing the peace.

Get prior permission from the concerned property owner for the camping activity.
Do not litter around or leave garbage behind.
Take caution when using fire
Do not dirty the area when fulfilling nature call by improper disposal.
Do not abuse private and public properties.
Respect the culture and the rights of the local residents. Avoid sensitive acts that can hurt

their feelings.
Do not destroy nature. Always be conservative.

Mr Rosli also had explained a little bit about physical fitness. In previous years, fitness was
commonly defined as the capacity to carry out the days activities without undue fatigue.
However, as automation increased leisure time, changes in lifestyles following the industrial
revolution rendered this definition insufficient. These days, physical fitness is considered a
measure of the bodys ability to function efficiently and effectively in work and leisure activities, to
be healthy, to resist hyperkinetic diseases, and to meet emergency situations. Physical fitness is
generally achieved through exercise, correct nutrition and enough rest. It is important part of life
and it can maintain your ideal body weight as well. An ideal body weight can be achieved and

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maintained by doing a 45 minutes physical exercises 3 times a week, a controlled balanced diet
and adequate rest and recovery periods. - BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) The Body Mass Index is a
useful way of establishing whether your weight is within a healthy range. In order to calculate your
BMI, you need to know how tall you are and your weight. Please note: this BMI calculator is
designed for adults only. It cannot be used to calculate a childs BMI. The BMI score means the
following: BMI Underweight Below 18.5 Normal 18.5 24.9 Overweight 25.0 29.9 Obesity 30.0
and above Metric Formula BMI = [Weight in kilogrammes]/[Height in metres]2 Or English Formula
BMI = [Weight in pounds/2.2]/[Height in inches/39.36]2
For the presentation, there were 4 groups presented on 11.3.2104 which was the fourth class.

GROUP PRESENTATION
DATE: 11th March 2014
VENUE: Lecture Room 7
TIME: 8.00pm-10.00pm

GROUP 3 PRESENTATION: CAMPING EQUIPMENT

INTRODUCTION

Camping equipment is gear or equipment taken on an outdoor trip.

A camping can be for any length of time, though any camping trip can last for more than
one day. The duration of time depend on the places and the activity that are going to do
during the camping.

We should do some checklist before the camping so that all the equipment needed are
completed.

Moreover, we should plan earlier in order to prevent any accident from happening.

The equipment used varies according to :

- Location
- Type of activity
- Duration
- Distance

ITEMS WORN

Footwear This depends on the terrain

Clothes Wicking clothing, including one complete change.

Wind and rain proofed jacket or parka.

Hat

Scarf

Gloves

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FOOTWEAR
SHOES TYPE:

RUBBER SHOES the cheapest shoes and made of rubber

OUTDOOR SHOES it is very comfort and can use for any type of outdoor activities

HIKING SHOES it usually have a grip sole and have the ability of mud release

Carrying Items

BACKPACK

WAIST PACK

HIKING POLE

TENT

SLEEPING BAG

HYPERGEAR (BAG WHICH IS RESISTANT TO WATER WHERE WE CAN PUT OUR ELECTRONIC
DEVICES)

BACKPACK
CRITERIA FOR A GOOD CAMPING BACKPACK :

COMFORTABLE

HAVE GOOD SUSPENSION

EASY TO PACK

DURABLE

LIGHT

HAVE A LOT OF POCKET

LARGE VOLUME

TENT
3 BASIC CONFIGURATION OF TENT

SINGLE SKIN

SINGLE SKIN WITH FLYSHEET

DOUBLE SKIN

PART IN A TENT

FLYSHEET OR RAINFLY

INNER TENT

GROUND SHEET

POLES

STAKES

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AIR VENTS

SLEEPING BAG AND MAT

TYPE OF SLEEPING BAG :

BASIC DESIGN

MUMMY DESIGN

SLEEPING PAD

ALSO KNOWN AS SLEEPING MAT, GROUND PAD AND ROLL MAT

INFLATING TYPE :
1. SELF INFLATING
2. MANUALLY INFLATED

FOOD AND DRINK

FOR MORE THAN ONE DAY HIKING ACTIVITY.

WATER. FOR REFRESHMENT WHEN HIKING. IF THERE IS WATER SOURCE AT THE MOUNTAIN,
IT IS OPTIONAL.

SNACKS. LAST LONGER THAN COOK FOOD AND EASIER TO CARRY.

ENERGY BAR (SNICKERS, CLOUD 9)

EMERGENCY FOOD. IN CASE LOST.

COOKING EQUIPMENT

WE SHOULD BRING RAW MATERIAL SUCH AS RICE, ONION AND SUGAR FOR COOKING
PURPOSE

OTHERS ARE TIN FOOD AND PRESERVED FOOD (TUNA, MAGGI, COFFEE POWDER)

DONT FORGET TO BRING COOKING EQUIPMENT TO COOK SUCH AS :

1. GAS STOVE
2. MASS TIN

SAFETY

FIRST AID

ROPE

LAMP

THICK SOLE SHOE

WHISTLE

TORCH LIGHT

Swiss army knife

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FIRST AID KIT

A COMPLETE FIRST AID SHOULD HAVE ALL THIS ITEMS FOR PURPOSE DURING EMERGENCY WHICH
ARE :

STERILE NEEDLES

GAUZE

ANTIBIOTIC OINTMENTS

SURGICAL BLADES

ASPIRIN AND IBUPROFEN

SCISSORS

SURGICAL TAPE

PLASTER

DISPOSABLE THERMOMETER

FIRST AID MANUAL

GAMAT OIL

LAMP

LAMP CAN BE USED DURING NIGHT TIME TO LIGHTEN OUR VISION.

TYPE OF LAMP :
1. HEADLAMP
2. TORCHLIGHT
3. EMERGENCY LAMP (HANDPHONE)
4. HOLDING LAMP

OPTIONAL ITEMS

SEATING PADS
CAMERAS (POLAROID, GO PRO)
NOTEBOOKS
HAMMOCKS
BINOCULAR
ELECTRONIC DEVICES (POWER BANK)

CONCLUSION

WE SHOULD HAVE A COMPLETE SET OF EQUIPMENT DURING CAMPING AND HIKING SO WE

CAN MINIMIZE AN ACCIDENT OR ANY BAD THINGS FROM HAPPENED.

TO MAKE SURE THAT WE BRING ENOUGH EQUIPMENT, DO THE CHECKLIST AND MAKE SURE
MOST OF THE ITEMS IS AVAILABLE.

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GROUP 4 PRESENTATION: CAMPING EQUIPMENT

BASIC NEEDS FOR CAMPING

1. Ropes and few types
Twisted Rope

Advantages
O Polypropylene material.
O Impervious to water - Float
O Rescue situations.
Braided Rope

Advantages
O Nylon type of rope.
O Double braided rope.
O Has high flexibility.
O Has stronger strength due to force applied.
Basic need
Axe
Pocket knife
Hammer
Signal whistle
SHELTER AND AND BEDDING
Tent
The ideal tents for camping are those most suited for your needs and requirements as they
all vary in size and function.

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For hiking you need an ultra lightweight tent that fits into a backpack together with
everything else you need for the hike.
For a large family you will need a large camping tent or even two in order to build a camp.
For touring and sleeping over in a different site every night you should look at something
that you can pitch quickly.

Spare tent stakes

Secure your tent in any environment or weather condition.For strength and rigidity

Sleeping bag
A sleeping bag is a protective "bag" for a person to sleep in, essentially a blanket that can be
closed with a zipper or similar means, and functions as a bed in situations where a bed is
unavailable.

In camping, a ground pad, sleeping pad, sleeping mat or roll mat is a simple device often
used in conjunction with a sleeping bag.

Its purpose is to provide padding and thermal insulation.

Tarp
A large sheet of strong, flexible, water resistant or waterproof material
CLOTHING

Hiking Shoes / Sport Shoes

o

Sandal /slippers
o

Wear with hiking shoes

Dry fit / cotton T-Shirt

o

Use at camping site

Socks
o

Easy to step/move

Absorb sweat and quick dry

Trousers from synthetics material

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Comfortable and easy to move

Waterproof jacket
o

Use when rain and control temperature of body

GROUP 5 PRESENTATION: CAMPING SAFETY

Selecting a campsite
Camp away from streams or dry creek beds
These areas flood easily and you may not have enough time to get to high ground.
Avoid camping where rocks or dead trees might fall
Dead trees could fall on your tent during the night when a wind comes up
Avoid camping on the edge of a cliff.
Sleepwalking, Land Slide, etc.
Camp near a screen of trees that shelters the tents from strong winds.
Though you still want some breeze to keep down the number of flying insects.
Avoid lightning prone areas.
Do not camp on the top of a ridge or in a wide-open basin or beside the tallest trees
in the area where lightning is likely to strike.
Safety Rules for weather condition
For Lightning
a) Get 100 feet away from metal objects, backpacks, fences, etc.
b) Take cover under trees that are lower than others around you.
For Tornado
a) Move to a designated tornado shelter if available.
b) If there is no structure nearby, lie flat in the nearest ditch.
For Hail
a) Find Shelter Immediately!
For Heavy Rain
a) Stay away from flooded creeks, streams, and drainage ditches
b) The banks may collapse when they become saturated with water. So stay away from banks.
Solid and Liquid Waste:Disposal of Solid and Liquid Waste
a) Dig the latrine 300 feet from a water supply and swimming area.
b) Dig the hole for the latrine 6-10 inches deep.
c) Each person should cover his waste with dirt.
d) It is best to dig the pit for the latrine in dark-colored soil.

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Food Handling:Importance of properly storing food while camping.

a) Properly stored food prevents illness, prevents contamination by dirt and pests.
b) Microorganisms multiply rapidly when fresh meats, fruits, and vegetables are allowed to
warm between 70-100 degrees, which can lead to illness.
What can be done to prevent food spoilage
a) Food Spoils due to the growth of microorganisms that cause decay.
b) Conditions such as temperature and moisture encourage spoilage
c) Food spoilage can also be caused by the bruising of fruits/vegetables, pest infestation, and
mixing fresh and cooked food (cross-contamination).
Propane Stove and Lanterns:Safety Rules
a) Always inspect the propane connections for damage, dirt, and debris before attaching the
cylinder.
b) Inspect the 0-ring on the regulator for damage before use.
c) Always light and use the stove outdoors, never inside a house, camper; tent, or other
unventilated or enclosed areas.
d) This stove consumes air (oxygen). Do not use it in unventilated or enclosed areas to avoid
endangering your life.
e) Never store propane near a flame, pilot light, other ignition sources, or where temperatures
exceed 120 degrees Fahrenheit.

GROUP 6 PRESENTATION: TYPES OF ACTIVITIES

GROUP 6 PRESENTATIONS: RECREATIONAL AND ADVANTURE

What is a Scavenger Hunt?
i.

Is a game in which the organizers prepare a list defining specific items

ii.

The participants seek to gather all items on the list take photographs of the items, as
specified.

iii.

The goal is usually to be the first to complete the list, although in a variation on the game
players can also be challenged to complete the tasks on the list in the most creative
manner.

Take a Bath in a Lake

Things you need before this activity:
- swimming clothes
- a towel
- toiletries as needed (any perfume and etc.)
- swimming skills
Climb a Tree

to climb a tree higher than you can jump down safely, youre going to need a gear

P a g e 29 | 59

learning the ropes: Firstly, learn how to use ropes

Play Music

Singing together can enhance the relationship between the campers.

Become a medium for icebreaking session.

Some people might found their hidden talents. Some people can show off their talents.

Storytelling

To kill time while waiting for the food to cook.

Share valuable and usefull experienced.

A medium for icebreaking session.

enhanced relationship between campers

Night Walking

For safety, during daylight find a suitable trail/walkpath.

Prepare torchlight.

Bring medkit.

Wear shoes.

Stay in the group.

Make Booby Trap

To ensure the safety of the campsite

Also can be used to catch animal for food

Also function as an warning signal to show the dangerous place.

Can be brought from home or made by the resource that can be found at the campsite

Cook Campfire Food

Need to built a campfire

P a g e 30 | 59

Make sure that the ingredients and equipment are enough

can foster the relationship between the campers
We can learn to cook in camping ways (eg: bread rolls)

Learn Ties Knot

Important in order to make some appliances that can make the life at the campsite easier.

Does not too depend on others.

Can fasten the time to setup the camp.

To ensure the safety of the camp when the knot is tied properly.

Go Fishing

Recreational and sport fishing are fishing primarily for pleasure or competition.

Need : net, rod, reel, line, hooks and bait.

Techniques : hand gathering, netting, angling, casting, trapping.

Rent a Boat and Go boating

Boating is the leisurely activity of travelling by boat, or the recreational use of a boat.

Need : boat; powerboats, sailboats, or man-powered vessels (such as rowing and paddle
boats).

Can combine with other activities likes fishing and waterskiing.

Take a Picture

Take picture or photography also can be one of the recreational activities.

Need : Camera

Usually people going outdoor to find beautiful places and taking picture.

Techniques : camera controls, exposure and rendering.

P a g e 31 | 59

LECTURE 5
DATE: 18th March 2014
VENUE: Lecture Room 7
TIME: 8.00 pm 10.00 pm

EQUIPMENT
Backpack
Reason
Backpack is the first equipment to be considered while planning an outdoor
recreation or adventure activity. It is to enable us to carry all sorts of tools and
requirement conveniently.
Forms and Type
Comes in different forms and types. Some have frames (inside or out), some
dont. Some can be used for a day use and some are for longer periods. Some
backpacks are created specifically for mountain climbing.
Material
Most backpacks are made of nylon because it is lighter. Some are made of
canvass, tarpaulin, etc. For mountain climbing purpose, backpacks are made of
more sophisticated material called Cordura (a type of nylon). Other types of
nylon are Taffeta and Ballistics.
One Day Backpack
This backpack is normally sling on the shoulder and has no frame.

Overnight Backpack
This backpack is for camping that requires overnight. It is suitable for outdoor
activities that last less than three days. It has a frame inside and is carried on the
back.

P a g e 32 | 59

Framed Backpack
This backpack is framed on the outside. The reason for this frame is to divide the
weight pressure equally between the shoulders and the waist, so that the weight
can be carried comfortably. It also functions to avoid the backpack from touching
the back of the carrier so that air flows freely. This backpack also allows you to
carry more weight than you are able to. It is for activities that last more than 10
days. Weight of more than 11 kg should be carried in this type of backpack. Note
that the maximum weight that can be carried by the normal ability of an
individual should not be more than 1/3 of his weight.
External Framed Backpack
Normally, this type of backpack is not suitable to be used for the mountain
climbing activity in Malaysia. Forest in Malaysia mainly consists of creep plants
and this will distract your journey to the top.

Internal Framed Backpack

P a g e 33 | 59

Specifications
1.
2.
3.
4.

2 removable side packets for added convenience.

Shoulder lifts system for less shoulder strain and more comfort.
Load stabilizer straps.
Water resistant and durable, high density rip stop polyester and
polyurethane coating.
5. Separate access to bottom of pack.
6. Hydration system capability with hydration tube exit port and internal
compartment.
7. Includes two pre-curved aluminum stays for added support.
Characteristic To Look For When Selecting A Backpack
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

It should be made of a light but strong material.

Strong, light and separate frame or framed type.
With strong lining and has an adjustable belt.
With strong lining and straps shaped according to the shoulders.
Separate pockets.

How To Pack A Backpack

When preparing your backpacking gear for a camping or hiking trip, properly
loading your backpack is nearly as important as the gear you take. A well-loaded
backpack improves balance and weight distribution, allowing you to carry more
gear with less effort. Your body will appreciate a properly loaded backpack, so use
this handy guide whenever youre preparing for any kind of backpacking
excursion!

Preparing Your Backpacking Gear

Before you begin, assemble all the gear youre planning to bring. Whenever
possible, place smaller items inside larger ones if they wont be needed until you
make camp. For example, putting your backpacking food inside your cooking pot
will help maximise the space inside your backpack. It will help if you separate
your gear into three weight groups: light, medium, and heavy.
Plan to keep at least one water bottle or canteen in a readily accessible location

P a g e 34 | 59

for when you get thirsty on the trail!

Loading Your Backpack
When packing your backpack, be sure to keep the weight evenly distributed from
side to side. If one side of your pack is heavier than another, it will significantly
inhibit your balance.
Start packing your pack from the bottom up, and from the back out. The back
refers to the part of the backpack that will rest against your back (meaning out
refers to the part of the backpack closer to you when loading). You will want the
heaviest items packed in such a way that the weight is supported by your skeletal
structure rather than your muscles. Refer to the diagram below for assistance.
Pack your sleeping bag at the bottom of your backpack. Depending on the model
of backpack, you may have a compartment specifically for your sleeping bag. If
you have an external frame backpack or a pack without a sleeping bag
compartment, you may tie your sleeping bag to the bottom of your backpack.
Load the remainder of your backpack as indicated by the diagram below.
Remember that your lightest items should be the furthest from your back to
prevent unnecessary stress and torque on your skeletal structure.

Remember to avoid loading anything that may shift into the top part of your pack,
as this may cause you to lose your balance. You may want to use extra socks or
similar soft goods as filler to keep loose items from shifting.

Before setting out, try your pack on to make sure there are no items sticking in to
your back.
Please Take Note The Regulation Below:
1. All supplies must be loaded into the backpack. Avoid hanging things on the
backpack.
2. Things that need to be unloaded first must be on the uppermost of the
backpack or in the pockets of the backpack or in the pockets of the
backpack (like food/ water along the way, first aid kit, maps and so on).
3. Arrange the things properly to avoid any bulging or wasted space.
4. Balance the weight so that they are equal on both right and left sides.
5. To avoid things from getting wet, load them into a polythene bag before
loading into the backpack. Better if the things are wrapped separately
before loading into the main polythene bag.
6. Practice yourself by keeping the things in the same space and arrangement
of the backpack. This is so you can easily take your things without having

P a g e 35 | 59

to search for them and this certainly helps during the night or emergencies.
Tent
Your tent is an important piece of camping equipment, if not the MOST
IMPORTANT. The tent is your home away from home. Tents are protection made of
cloth, canvass or other material that is mobile. It gives protection against wind
and rain. Some tents protect from insects and crawling animals. Tents are offered
in cabins, triangle, domes and other geometric shapes. Choose a tent that meets
your outdoor recreation needs for protection, comfort, size, weight and features. If
you choose carefully, you will create a strong foundation for years of enjoyable
camping experiences.
Points To Consider When Selecting Tent
1. Protection Tents chosen must be able to protect from weather like rain,
heat, wind and so on. It should also protect from insects and crawling
animals.
2. Comfort The tent should make a comfortable sleeping area and has space
to store things.
3. Durability The tent must be light and durable. Can be used in any
environment and does note tear easily when used and is washable with
water and does not contain bleaching material.
4. Waterproof Make sure the tent you buy is waterproof, but it is not easy to
find a really waterproof tent. There are some in market come with
waterproof coating, non-cracking rubber and silicon treated.
5. Size Choose a tent with logical size or according to usage. If it is for two
persons, it is not practical to use a six pack tent. The minimal size suitable
to be used for camping is a tent for two people. This is so you have a
company when you camp. The biggest size suitable is that fits four people.
Bigger size than that will cause difficult handling in terms of
accommodation, storage of things, cleanliness, control on camping
members and comfort.
Type Of Tent
1. Bivouac/Simple
In French, it means forced camping which means it is simple. This type of
camping is done by the Armed Forces on duty in the forest. This tent is
suitable when there is no suitable area to put up a normal tent or when the
night weather is so good and beautiful that you want to enjoy gazing at the
stars and earth phenomenon in the silence of the night.

P a g e 36 | 59

2. Ridge
It is heavier, more expensive and consumes more time to fix. This tent is
only suitable for camping involving vehicles, whereby the camping area is
not far from the road. For camping where you need to walk and carry
weights to reach a camping area.

3. Frame
This tent consists of deference shaped, i.e. the Wall Tent and the A Shaped
Tent. This is widely used in Malaysia before the Doom or Igloo Tents are
introduced. Some type of tent is use air tube as a frame.

A Shape

P a g e 37 | 59

Dome

P a g e 38 | 59

F
Specifications
1. 2 pole free standing tent with dual top windows.
2. Perfect for stargazing.
3. 2 door designs let you out on either side even with the rain fly on.
4. Heavy duty zippers and clips.
5. 2 pockets for personal items.
6. 2 inside loops for hanging gear.
7. Full-coverage rainfly with UV resistant 75D diamond rip stop nylon.
8. 4000 PU waterproof coating with 2 new rubbertech non-cracking window.
9. Velcro tabs allow for quick access through the doors.
10.Hooded vents and heat taped seams keep you dry.
11.2100 Oxford nylon bucket style floor with 4000 PU waterproof coating. No
need for a foot print with this tent.
12.Ultra-light 9.5 mm air-craft quality aluminium poles for durability and
simple set up.
13.Fiberglass frame/poles for simple set up.
14.Freestanding, so tent can be moved to optimal position before staking it
down.
15.Double stitch and bar-tack design webbing for longer life and extra
durability.
16.High tenacity breathable ripstop nylon walls and ceiling.
17.Comes with a convenient 2 strap nylon ripstop carry bag.

Fixing Tent
It is important to know how to fix tents. The skill can be acquired by practice. It
can be learned from pictures or from an experienced friend. Do not bring a tent
that you have no idea how to fix. To fix a tent, you have to follow the following:
1. Fix a tent on a suitable chosen spot.
2. Make sure when fixing the tent, the entrance of the tent does not face the

P a g e 39 | 59

3.

4.
5.
6.

wind direction. This is to avoid the wind because it can be very cold,
especially in the mountains.
If fixing a tent on sand or soft land, where the pegs can easily fly off, fixed
some woods to the ground to hold the strings of the tent. Same will fly off if
exposed to strong wind.
Clean the camping spot from rubbish, stones, stubble and so on.
The pegs of the tent must be 90% with the ground when fixing them.
Distance between one tent to the other must not be too near that
movement is difficult and spreading is easy in case of fir. The best distance
is 3 meters apart.

Tent Cleanliness
Tent cleanliness must be observed at all times. Observe the following:
1. Never leave food opened from the can or container in the tent because this
will invite flies, ants and other insects into the tent. Put the food outside or
make shelves.
2. Clean the tent from any rubbish and dry whichever part that is wet or
damp. Make sure the sunlight can shine into the tent.
3. Do not leave wet or damp clothing in the tent. Avoid putting any wet
clothing on any part of the tent.

GROUP PRESENTATION
DATE: 18th March 2014
VENUE: Lecture Room 7
TIME: 8.00 pm-10.00 pm

GROUP 7 PRESENTATION: TYPES OF ACTIVITIES

Active and passive activities
Passive Activities

Activities doesnt require physical and mental strength

Not challenging

Eg : 1)reading
2)playing kite
Active activities
Activities require physical and mental strength
Example: 1) Capture the flag
2) Water skiing
Extreme sports
Combination activities from water, land and air
Example: 1) Whitewater kayaking
2) Kite surfing

P a g e 40 | 59

Type of Activities on Land

Frisbee
Frisbee is a competitive non-contact team sport played with a flying disc
Geocaching
outdoor activity involving GPS technology and hidden treasures
Trekking and Hiking
Is an adventurous journey undertaken on foot in areas where common means of
transport are generally not available
Mountain Biking
is the sport of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, using specially
designed mountain bikes

Type of Activities on Water

Swimming
propelling oneself throughout water
Fishing
activity of catching fish
challenge of finding and catching the fish rather than the culinary value of fish
`Scuba Diving
offers people the opportunity to see what life is like below the water
Kayaking
specialized boats called kayaks in a wide variety of waterways

Type of Activities on Air

Parachuting
Involves a person free-falling from a height and using parachute to break their fall

P a g e 41 | 59

 Gliding
pilots fly the gliders using naturally occurring currents of rising air in the
atmosphere to remain airborne

GROUP 8 PRESENTATION: TYPES OF ACTIVITIES

Water Activities
Zorbing
If theres absence of hills, some operators have constructed inflatable, wooden or
metal ramps.
There are two types of orbs:1. Harnessed: constructed for one to two riders.
2. Non-harnessed: carry up to three riders
Blob Jump
A participant sits on the end of a partially inflated air bag , then launched into the
water after another participant jumps onto the air bag from a platform on the
opposite side.
Popular at summer camps in North America
The air bag is approximately 10 meters long (33 feet) by 2 meters wide (6 feet).
Recommended height for the tower is 15 feet above the water surface, or 10 feet
above the air bag

P a g e 42 | 59

Land Activities
Bungle Jumping
Tall structures are usually a fixed object, such as buildings, bridges or cranes.

It is also possible to jump from a movable object, such as a hot-airballoon or helicopter

Zip-Line
Also known as: zip wire, aerial runway, aerial rope slide, death slide, FLYING FOX,
or canopy tour
High Rope Course
Low elements take place on the ground or only a few feet above the ground.

P a g e 43 | 59

High elements are usually constructed in trees or made of utility poles and require
a belay for safety.

Air Activities
Cliding
Normal Gliding
a recreational activity and competitive air sport in which pilots
fly unpowered aircraft known as gliders or sailplanes
Wing suit Gliding
Sport of flying the human body through the air using a special jumpsuit
called wing suit
Hang Gliding
air sport in which a pilot flies a light and non-motorized foot-launch aircraft
called a hang glider that is of a delta wing design

Wingsuit Gliding

P a g e 44 | 59

Hang Gliding

Normal Gliding

LECTURE 6

DATE: 25th March 2014

VENUE: Lecture Room 7
TIME: 8.00pm 10.00pm

CLIMBING ROPES
Rope

P a g e 45 | 59

During hiking and climbing, we will force very high slopes and cross-rivers with strong current or
face emergencies. To those experienced, all that may not be a problem. For a leader leading a
group of inexperienced people, safety procedures are important. The techniques and equipment
used are not meant to train you to be a rock climber. It is to introduce the basic techniques as a
preparation to lead a group of inexperienced people. From the discussion and practice below, the
above topic can help you to identify and use the climbing rope.
Specific Rope
The use of the rope is for security to protect the user, either a mountain climber or a hill walker.
For mountain climbers, the rope is used, at least to help during the down climb.When we discuss
about monitoring the high slopes, the most important tool is the rope. There are many types of
ropes to be used and can be divided into the following:
1. Nylon/Polyamide or Perlon
2. Hawser Laid
3. Kermantle
Normally the size of the rope is ascertained by its diameter. A rope of diameter size 7 mm and
below is not recommended because of difficult handling. Make sure the rope used has been tested
as certified by Union International des Association d Alpinism (U.I.A.A.).
Nylon
Generally, is light and is not water absorbent but it has strechability and this rope has a low
melting point, ie. It can heat up quickly and break with resistance. This is certainly dangerous if
youre taking a group through high slopes.

Hawser Laid
Hawser laid is known as belati or manila. Generally, in Malaysia the market for this rope is
limited to the big diameter. This is difficult to carry in high slopes. This rope is also water
absorbent. Normally, it will become heavy when soaked in water and this makes your journey

P a g e 46 | 59

difficult. This rope is also rough and if you use Figure of Eight on this rope that has contacted
sand, a big resistance will occur which will destroy the Figure of Eight.

Kermantle
It is the breakthrough rope for climbers. In German, kern means external and mantle means
fibre stripe. Kermantle also has the abrasion resistance. Its also water-resistant. It is easy to carry.
The standard size for climbing purpose is between 45 m to 50 m with a diameter of 9 mm or 11
mm.

Dynamic Rope
The important characteristic of this rope is it has Energy Absorption Capacity which gives
stretchability against weight (it falls).

P a g e 47 | 59

Static Rope
Its low stretching coefficient, they are unable to absorb energy and therefore not suitable for
abseiling/rappelling activities.

SIZE
9 mm
11 mm

STRENGTH
1,452 kg
2,268 kg

KNOT
Bowline
Use the Bowline for tying to objects, animals or people when reliability is important. The bowline is
a good knot to tie to a person in a rescue situation (it would not strangle). Its the only safe knot to
use if you are tying a rope around the neck of a cow (or other stock animal). Note that a bowline
can slip slightly and it should always be finished off with thumb knot when it is tied to a person.

P a g e 48 | 59

Thumb Knot
The overhand knot is one of the most fundamental knots and forms the basis of many others
including the simple noose, overhand loop, anglers loop, fishermans knot and water knot. The
overhand knot is very secure, to the point of jamming badly. It should be used if the knot is
intended to be permanent. It is often used to prevent the end of a rope from unravelling.

Clove Hitch
Its a strong and easy to detach anchor knot that can be used at the end or in the middle point of
the rope.

Double Fisherman Knot

The double fishermans knot is a strong and useful knot for creating slings or joining ropes.

P a g e 49 | 59

FOOD
Food selection must be based on the following criteria:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Time
Nutritious
Cost/Budget
Weight
Suitable

Food for camping must be fast and easy to prepare but this doesnt mean that food for camping
should not be emphasized on. Food for camping should be like the daily fresh food, nutritious,
easy to digest and contains sufficient vitamins and protein. This is essential because a lot more
energy is used compared to usual. Even though many thinks that you tend to eat less during
camping, it is actually the other way around that you need to consume more than usual.
Therefore, it is good to plan carefully before going out camping. One suitable way is to prepare an
eating schedule. With this schedule, you can decide the type of food for every meal. This will save
time and cost.
As mentioned above, whatever food you choose, it must be fast and easy to prepare. However,
the food must be good to eat and contain all the nutrition and vitamins needed. Wet food like
meat, fish and vegetables are nutritious but cannot last long if not refrigerated. An alternative is to
bring dry and fast foods. Even though they are dry and fast to prepare, the nutrition and vitamins
are maintained. Apart from being easy to prepare, food for camping must be easy to carry and can
last for certain periods.

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Currently, there is a lot of fast food like soup, noodle, rice, and porridge. Food like dried vegetables
and fruits are also available. Dishes like meat, fish, squid, prawns cooked in various recipes are
available and can be used for this type of activities. These foods are good for such activities
because it gives you convenience and variety. This means you can eat whatever you want. You
only need to consider the quantity and your ability to eat. You can also prepare at home meat and
fish serunding which are good to eat and easy to bring for camping and durable activities.

Food Planning
Here is an example of menu that you can take as a guideline in preparing food for your camping
trip. For example:
Lets say you are going for a 3-day camping trip during the weekend. You will go after breakfast
and expect to arrive at the camping spot in the evening. You must prepare an evening meal and
dinner at the camping spot and so on for the next days.
Menu (Ration)

Days
Day 1

Day 2

Breakfast

Lunch

Hi-Tea
Tea O

Rice
Chicken curry

Sardine

Potato

Lady finger

Coffee O

Tea O
Rice

Tea O

Tea O
Rice

Fried mihun

Meat curry

Biscuits

Salted fish

Cabbage
Day 3

Day 4

Dinner
Rice

Tea O

Tea O
Rice

Fried rice

Salted

Mix vege

fish

Coffee O

Tea O
Rice

Biscuits

Chicken curry

curry

Baked beans

Pucuk

Tea O

Coffee O

Tea O
Fried rice

Bread

Tea O

Butter

The example menu gives a true picture of preparing the required meals for your camping trip. By
preparing this type of menu, you can plan on the food amount to prepare for every meal. This
way, you know you eat sufficiently and no food requirement is neglected. With this planning, you
know what food is suitable for you. Now your planning is even more accurate. You dont have to

P a g e 51 | 59

worry about rice, tea, milk, bread, mee and so on. You must remember that too much food will
cause you much burden and wastage. While camping, cook just enough for you. Cooking extra is
not only wasting time but energy and money as well.

Food Distribution
When camping in a group, food distribution is important. Make sure every member or participant
has equal share. Every participant must bring complete food, not just one type. This will ensure
that you can still maintain a balance diet should something unexpected happen.
Methods of Wrapping
All types of food, dry or wet must be wrapped properly. Plastic containers can be used but ensure
they dont break or open easily. Another method is to wrap the food in plastic. Even though, it was
said that this is not recommended, it doesnt mean that it cannot be used at all. As you may know,
the plastic is versatile and if used the correct way, it will make your camping easy. In using plastic,
you can reduce the usage of tins and bottles. Make sure you dispose of the containers properly so
as not to pollute the environment. Choosing and wrapping method of food is important to maintain
comfort, cleanliness and safety.

Drinks
Drinks must be carried in light containers. If possible, do not use glass bottles. Glass is heavy and
easy to break. If youre carrying drinks that need to be mixed, use a plastic container. However,
now many drink mix is in powder form. This type is easy to carry, light and easy to prepare while it
taste good and contains the nutrition. Types of drinks depend on your choice but you need to
consider that whatever drink you need must be easy to carry, easy to prepare light and can last
long without any special equipment. Reduce usage of tin containers, bottles and bicarbonate
water.

GROUP PRESENTATION
DATE: 25th March 2014
VENUE: Lecture Room 7
TIME: 8.0PMpm 10.00pm

GROUP 9 PRESENTATION: EXTREME ACTIVITIES

P a g e 52 | 59

Example of extreme activities as follow:1) Night trekking

2) Paintball
3) Water rafting
4) Flying fox
5) Mountain biking
6) bungee jumping

GROUP 10 PRESENTATION: CAMPING SPOT

Definition:
A camp spot is define as a place used for overnight stay the outdoors and where tent are fixed.
Camping spot criteria:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

Activity
Wide and flat
Number of participants
Water is available
Exposed to sunlight
Has connections to road, tracks or pathways

Type of camping spot:

a)
b)
c)
d)

Camping
Camping
Camping
Camping

at river bank
at the beach
in the forest
in the cave

At river bank

At beach

Camp spot ethics:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)

Camp at the previously used sites if possible

Pack your trash
Do not cook near the tent
Use only dead and down wood for campfires
Do not put cans, bottles, or aluminium foil into a fire ring
Burn campfire logs to ashes, then douse with water
Choose a suitable and safe spot

P a g e 53 | 59

h) Always close tent when leaving it

GROUP 11 PRESENTATION: KNOTS

Overview
A knot is a method of fastening or securing linear material such as rope by tying or interweaving.
Knots are commonly used in fishing, boating, climbing, camping and scouting.
Types of knots:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)

Round turn and two half-hitches

Clove hitch
Timber hitch
Reef knot
Figure of eight
Sheet bend
Taut-line hitch
Constrictor knot( Milners knot)
Stopper knot
Highwaymans hitch
Sheepshank
Bowline ( pronounced bo-lin)

Rope care and cleaning

Rope often being left in a tangle on the ground which is far from safest way to store it. Rope
should be kept neatly coiled, off the ground and stored appropriately so that it can be used free of
tangles and without delay. Example of coiling unattached rope (gasket coil):

Cleaning:
- should be washed occasionally by hand in cold water with a mild soap
- rinsed free of the soap
- spread out or hung up to dry in the air
*NO Sun drying, sun light will harden and damage the rope.
Care:
- avoid contact with chemicals, acids, alkalis, bleach or other sources of fire ignition e.g., smokers.

P a g e 54 | 59

Use

according

to

its

use

climbing

rope

should

not

be

use

to

tow

car.

- Never step on a rope.

Storage:
- after drying, store the rope at room temperature, ideally in rope storage bag

LECTURE 7
DATE : 4th April 2014
VENUE : Lecture Room 7
TIME : 8.00 pm 10.00 pm

Personal and Group Equipment

Personal
- String
For individual use, 4-5 meters long.
The good type is nylon. Usually this string used for hanging clothes and
-

tight for tent if applicable.

Polythene Bag - To load things before loading into backpacks and other

small or big items to avoid from getting wet.

- Stationeries - For recording purpose during the journey.
- Whistle - For individual to gives as signal, specifically during emergencies.
- Multi-Purpose Knife
A personal tool for cutting, opening cans, etc.
Keep in your pants/shirts pockets.
Make sure it is not rusty.
- Parang - Can be used individually or in a group. Specifically for cutting
and is worn at the waist. The best size is 25cm.
- Matches
Individual tool.
Wrap it in a small polythene bag.
It is better to use a lighter.

Group
- Night Light
Group tool.
Used for discussions, cooking, etc.
The Hurricane Gasoline type is suitable.
Gasoline lights can be used too (more expensive).
- Shovel
A group tool for digging holes.
Is tied to the backpack vertically and the sharp edge is wrapped. The
-

foldable type is better.

Parang
Can be used individually or in a group. Specifically for cutting and is

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worn at the waist.

The best size is 25cm.
Navigational Tools
A group tool.
Example: map, compass and distance measurer.
Torch Light
Individual tool.
When carrying a bag, the batteries should be taken out.
For bigger groups, bring a bigger torchlight to fix on the tent.

Cooking Utensils

Stoves
- Gas Stove
Suitable for camping by motor vehicles as the gas container is heavy
Not suitable for lightweight camping
- Gasoline Stove
Light, cheaper but require skill and caution when using it
Strong fire, cook food quickly but difficult to handle
- Stove Used by the Army
Require lighting material called solid fuel
Suitable to cook on mess tins
- Firewood Stove
- Fire
Important for cooking, heating body, light fire from wood, make stove
from wood
Cooking or eating container
- For group of 4 people, 2.5 liter container required
- Mess tins one mess tin can cook for 2 or 3 people
- Plate, bowls made up of plastic and do not bring any glass container
Water container
- Aluminum, plastic container or bottle set is suitable (no glass container)
- Reason for the water bottle is for drinks along the way.
GROUP PRESENTATION

DATE : 4th April 2014

VENUE : Lecture Room 7
TIME : 8.00 pm 10.00 pm

GROUP 12 PRESENTATION: TYPES OF ACTIVITIES

Limbo skating
-A sport in which a person drives on roller skates underneath an obstacle like
a horizontal pole without touching it
Slacklining
-A practice in balance that typically
uses nylon or polyester webbing tensioned between twoanchor points.
Zorbing ball
-The recreation or sport of rolling downhill inside an orb, generally made of

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transparent plastic
Parkour free running
-The art of expressing oneself in his or her environment without limitation of
movement

GROUP 13 PRESENTATION: CAMPING SPOTS

Forward planning
Water source
The level of campsite
Safety rules for choosing camping spot

Outcomes

During the course, the most important thing that has been taught is leadership.
Leadership is an important parameter that all students need in order to success in
life. Leadership is one of the components in soft skills that should be enhanced to
each student. Beside, teamwork also is an important outcome from this course. A
lot of activities that need this skills to ensure that the activities run smoothly. Good
communication skills also can be learnt by practising teamwork spirit in any
particular activity.

Furthermore, there are several outcomes can be obtained also in this course which
are learning process, creative thinking, critical thinking, social relation, physical
coordination, balance, freedom, happiness, honesty as well as satisfaction. With all
outcomes mentioned above, it means that this course manages to build a students
that have various soft skills in order to success in their life.

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Conclusion

As a conclusion, this course give a lot of beneficial things to students in order for
them to practise it in their life. This course manages to produce a well-rounded
student.

We too are entitled to participate the outdoor recreation course level 2. As a holder
to level 1 in outdoor recreation, we are entitled to participate in any activities that
require our knowledge on the basic of outdoor recreation.

Actually, I am very satisfied with this course because it is include all sort of learning
technique which are the theory, presentation, technical and also the
documentation. For the activities during the camping, it were very good and
suitable for university student to apply all the knowledge not only for the sake of
the course but in life also. In normal academic class situation, I need to memorize
all the complex formula, doing experiment in lab and just doing all the passive
activities. But in this course, I can fell enjoy doing outdoor and some extreme
activities that can make them fell calm and not stress. From this activities, I can
obtain a lot of beneficial knowledge that may good to me.

In order to be a leader in outdoor recreation, it is vital for us to have level one

certificate. This certificate enables us to continue to level 3. Afterwards we should
further to level 3 course that will acknowledge the holder as the leader in outdoor
recreation. Next, we could continue in other course. For example, the water activity
where we could pursue competition level. With this certificate, our nation will have
a new concept where we will have a quality yet to prestige sportsmen and also
sportswomen who are alert to nature.

Lastly, I hope that university management will continue this course because this

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course give a lot of good things to students. With that I conclude

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