Plain & Reinforced

Concrete-1
Sixth Term
Civil Engineering

CE-313

Flexural Analysis and

Design of Beams
(Ultimate Strength Design of
Beams)

Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1

Doubly Reinforced Beams
Beams having both tension and compression reinforcement
to allow the depth of beam to be lesser than minimum depth
for singly reinforced beam

By using lesser depth the lever arm reduces and to develop

the same force more area of steel is required, so solution is
costly.
Ductility will be increased by providing compression steel.
Hanger bars can also be used as compression steel reducing
the cost up to certain cost.
For high rise buildings the extra cost of the shallow deep
beams is offset by saving due to less story height.

Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1

Doubly Reinforced Beams (contd)

Compression steel may reduce creep and shrinkage of

concrete and thus reducing long term deflection
Use of doubly reinforced section has been reduced due
to the Ultimate Strength Design Method, which fully
utilizes concrete compressive strength

Doubly Reinforced Beam

Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1

Behavior Doubly Reinforced Beams
Tension steel always yields in D.R.B.
There are two possible cases:
1.

Case-I Compression steel is yielding at

ultimate condition.

2.

Case-II Compression steel is NOT yielding

at ultimate condition.

Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1

Behavior Doubly Reinforced Beams
d

cu= 0.003

c
h

0.85fc
a

s
Strain Diagram

fs=Ess
fs=Ess

Cs

f s
fs

Cc

d a/2

(d-d)

Whitneys
Stress Diagram

T = Asfs
Cs=Asfs
Cc=0.85fcba

N.A.

T = Asfs
Internal Force
Diagram

Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1

Behavior Doubly Reinforced Beams (contd)

Case-I Both Tension & Compression steel are yielding at

ultimate condition
fs = fy and fs=fy
Location of N.A.
Consider equilibrium of forces in longitudinal direction

T = C c + Cs

A s f y = 0.85f c ' ba + A s ' f y

a=

(A s A s ')f y
0.85f c ' b

and

a
c=
1

Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1

Case-I Both Tension & Compression steel are yielding at ultimate
condition (contd)
cu= 0.003

ABC & ADE

s '
c d'
=
0.003
c
c d'
s ' = 0.003

c d' 1
s ' = 0.003

c 1
a 1d'
s ' = 0.003

D
B

d
c

Strain Diagram

(1)

If s y compression steel is yielding.

If s < y compression steel is NOT yielding.

Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1

Case-I Both Tension & Compression steel are yielding at ultimate
condition (contd)

T = total tensile force in the steel

T = T1 + T2
Cs

T1 is balanced by Cs
T2 is balanced by Cc

T1 = Cs
T2 = Cc

Cc

N.A.
d a/2

(d-d)

T = Asfy
Internal Force
Diagram

Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1

Case-I Both Tension & Compression steel are yielding at ultimate
condition (contd)

Moment Capacity by Compression Steel

Mn 1 = Cs (d d') = As ' fy ' (d d')

= T1(d d')
Moment Capacity by Concrete
a
a

M n 2 = Cc d = T2 d
2
2

M n 2 = (T T1 ) d
2

M n 2 = (A s f y A s ' f y ' ) d
2

Cs

Cc

N.A.
d a/2

(d-d)

T = Asfy
Internal Force
Diagram

Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1

Case-I Both Tension & Compression steel are yielding at ultimate
condition (contd)

Total Moment Capacity

M n = M n1 + M n 2

M n = A s ' f y ' (d d ') + (A s f y A s ' f y ') d

2

Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1

Case-II Compression steel is not yielding at ultimate
condition
fs = fy and

fs< fy

fs ' = E s '
a 1d'
f s ' = 600
a
Location of N.A.

a=

Asf y As ' fs '

0.85f c ' b

and

a
c=
1

Concluded