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Popis zadataka
1.)
)
x
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
= (
)(
( )
y
1
1
0
0
1
1
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0
z
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
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(y x) z
1
0
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1
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y x
1
1
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1
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) (
( ) ( ) ( ) (
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
B
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
F
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
baz.konjunkcija
B
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
AB
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
( ) ( )
(
)
A
2.)
( , , )= (
x
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
=(
) (
y
1
1
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0
1
1
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z
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baz.konjunkcije
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) ( ) ( )
x
1
1
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y
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1
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1
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baz. disjunkcije
)
A
4.)
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
( , , )=(
x
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
KNF = (
y
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
z
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
)(
( )(
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
)(
1
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1
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)( )( )
( ) ( )
(
0
0
1
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1
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1
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1
1
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A
1
1
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1
1
1
0
1
B
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
AB
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
baz. disj.
A
5.) ( , , ) =
( ) ((
x
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
y
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
KNF = (
z
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
) (
( ) (
(
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
))
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
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1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
B
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
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F
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
baz. disjunkcije
)
A
6.) ( , , ) = (
x
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
y
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
=(
B
)
z
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
) ((
x
0
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1
1
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0
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= ( ) ( ) (
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=
( )
) (
))
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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) ( )
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
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1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
B
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
F
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
baz. konjunkcije
A
7.)
=( , , )=
x
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
y
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
x
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
z
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
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B
(( ) (
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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0
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)(
=(
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=(
) ( )
8.) ( , , ) = ( ) (
x
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
y
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
z
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
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=(
) (
= ( ) (
)(
( )
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1
0
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0
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) (
= ( ) ( ) (
= ( ) (
0
0
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
B
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
F
0
0
1
1
1
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0
0
baz.konj
0
1
0
1
0
1
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0
1
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0
0
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0
)(
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
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0
1
0
1
0
1
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1
= ( ) ( )
=(
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0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
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0
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1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
=(
)(
)( )
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
)
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
baz. konj.
baz.disj
A
9.) ( , , ) =
( ) ( )
x
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
=(
y
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
x
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
z
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
)(
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
)(
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
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1
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1
0
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0
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A
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
F
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
baz. disjunkcije
=( )( )( )( )
=( ) ( )
=
( )
A
10.) ( , , ) = (
)(( )
A
x
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
=(
y
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
)(
z
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
)(
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
=( )( )( )( )
=( ) ( )
= ( )
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
( )
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
baz. disjunkcije
11.) ( , , ) = ( ) ( ) (( ) ( )
x
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
=(
y
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
z
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
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) (
)(
=(
)( )(
=(
) (
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
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0
1
1
1
1
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) (
)( )
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
F
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
baz. disjunkcije
x/y
1
2
3
5
7
1
1
1
0
0
0
2
1
1
0
0
0
3
1
1
1
0
0
5
1
1
0
1
0
7
1
1
0
0
1
p = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,5), (1,7), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,5), (2,7), (3,3), (5,5), (7,7)}
MATRICA OBRATA
x/y
1
2
3
5
7
1
1
1
0
0
0
2
1
1
0
0
0
3
1
1
1
0
0
5
1
1
0
1
0
7
1
1
0
0
1
x/y
1
2
3
5
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
0
0
1
0
0
5
0
0
0
1
0
7
0
0
0
0
1
Matricu obrata dobijemo tako da prvi redak iz matrice incidencije upiemo u prvi stupac matrice obrata.
Sada moemo ispisati elemente matrice obrata.
p = {(1,1), (2,1), (3,1), (5,1), (7,1), (1,2), (2,2), (3,2), (5,2), (7,2), (3,3), (5,5), (7,7) }
Matricu komplementa dobijemo tako da pretvorimo sve 1 u 0 i sve 0 u 1 iz poetne matrice.
Matrica komplementa
x/y
1
2
3
5
7
1
1
1
0
0
0
2
1
1
0
0
0
3
1
1
1
0
0
5
1
1
0
1
0
7
1
1
0
0
1
x/y
1
2
3
5
7
1
0
0
1
1
1
2
0
0
1
1
1
p = {(3,1), (3,2), (3,5), (3,7), (5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,7), (7,1), (7,2), (7,3), (7,5)}
7
3
0
0
0
1
1
5
0
0
1
0
1
7
0
0
1
1
0
REFLEKSIVNOST - Da, u matrici incidenciji su na dijagonali sve 1. Svaki vrh ima petlju
ANTISIMETRINOST - Ne, Imamo dvostruki luk - (1,2) i (2,1)
SIMETRINOST - Ne - imamo jednostruke lukove, npr. (1,3)
TRANZITIVNOST - Da
Relacija nije relacija parcijalnog ureaja jer nije zadovoljeno svojstvo antisimetrinosti.
2.) Neka je S = { , , , } . Na S je zadana relacija R = {( , ), ( , ), ( , ), ( , ), ( , ), ( , ), ( , ), ( , )}
MATRICA INCIDENCIJE
x/y
a
a
1
b
1
c
1
d
0
REFLEKSIVNOST - DA, R je refleksivna jer su sve jedinice na dijagonali matrice incidencije relacij R.
SIMETRINOST - NE, R nije simetrina jer zato to matrica incidencije nije simetrina matrica. Nemamo
dvostrukih lukova na grafu.
ANTISIMETRINOST - DA, na grafu imamo samo jednostrukih lukova.
TRANZITIVNOST - NE, (a,b) R i ( b, d ) R, ali ( a, d) R
Relacija R NIJE niti relacija ekvivalencije niti relacija parcijalnog ureaja zato jer nije tranzitivna.
Komplement relacije R.
c
R = { , , ( , ), ( , ), ( , ), ( , ), ( , ), ( , ), ( , )}
x/y
1
1
0
2
1
3
0
4
0
6
0
13
17
10=0
Matrica incidencije
2
0
4
0
5
0
10
0
x/y
1
1
10
x/y
1
0
2
0
4
0
5
0
10
1
10
Sada prvi redak iz matrice incidencije zapiemo u prvi stupac u matrici dualne relacije ali jo napravimo zamjenu
0i1
d
R = {(1,10), (2,1), (2,5), (4,1), (4,2), (4,5), (4,10), (5,1), (5,2), (5,4), (5,10), (10,1), (10,2), (10,4), (10,5)}
6.) Neka je A = {13, 8,1,5}. Na A je zadana relacija R sa
R = {( , ):
x/y
-13
-13
0
-8
1
1
1
5
1
-8
2}
-13
-8
REFLEKSIVNOST - NE, nisu sve nule na dijagonali matrici incidencije, nemamo petlje na grafu.
SIMETRINOST - NE, R nije simetrina zato jer matrica incidencije nije simetrina matrica, nemamo povratnih
lukova.
IREFLEKSIVNOST - DA, R je irefleksivna jer imamo sve nule na dijagonali na matrici incidencije, nemamo petlje
na grafu relacije.
TRANZITIVNOST, DA, zadovoljeno je svojstvo tranzitivnosti
2
3
4
5
6
x/y
2
2
2
2
2
=1
=1
=1
=1
=1
} (
)}
1=1
1=1
1=1
1=1
1 = 1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
1
REFLEKSIVNOST, NE - po glavnoj dijagonali nisu sve jedinice, nema petlji u svim vrhovima.
SIMETRINOST, NE - nemamo dvostrukih tj. povratnih lukova
ANTISIMETRINOST, DA - imamo jednostruke lukove
TRANZITIVNOST, DA - zadovoljeno je svojstvo tranzitivnosti
Relacija nije niti relacija parcijalnog ureaja i niti relacija ekvivalencije jer nije refleksivna.
( = ) (
)}
u
1
t
0
o
0
r
0
a
0
( =
( =
( =
( =
itd.
)(
)(
)(
)(
a
) = 0 0 =0
)= 0 1=1
)= 1 0=1
)= 0 0=0
k
t
REFLEKSIVNOST - DA, na dijagonali imamo sve jedinice, imamo petlje u svakom vrhu.
SIMETRINOST - NE, matrica incidencije nije simetrina matrica, nemamo povratne lukove na grafu.
TRANZITIVNOST - DA, zadovoljeno je svojstvo tranzitivnosti.
ANTISIMETRINOST - DA, u grafu relacije imamo samo jednostruke lukove.
IREFLEKSIVNOST - NE, imamo petlje na svakom vrhu, na dijagonali nemamo nule.
p je relacija parcijalnog ureaja jer je zadovoljeno svojstvo refleksivnosti, antisimetrinosti i tranzitivnosti.
x/y
2
2
1
3
0
4
0
5
0
6
0
2 2 2
23 2
=1 1=1
= 0 1 =0
3 2 3
3 3 3
3 4 3
itd.
=1 1=1
=1 1=1
=0 1=0
6
REFLEKSIVNOST, NE - nemamo petlje na svim vrhovima, nemamo sve jedinice na dijagonali u matrici incidencije
SIMETRINOST, NE - nemamo povratne lukove
ANTISIMETRINOST, DA - imamo jednostruke lukove ili ih uope nemamo.
TRANZITIVNOST, DA - zadovoljeno je svojstvo tranzitivnosti.
(5,3) ( 3,2) (5,2)
(5,4)
(4,2)
(5,2)
=1 0 1=0 1=1
Relacija nije niti relacija ekvivalencije niti relacija parcijalnog ureaja jer nije refleksivna.
x/y
-1
-1
1
-2
0
-4
0
8
0
16
0
-2
-4
16
Primjeri:
1
=1
1
2
=2
1
8
= 8
1
8
= 2
4
16
-4
-1
-2
-2
1
0
1
2
0
4
0
2
2
2
0
itd.
0}
2 = 4 0 - Istina
0 = 0 0 - Istina
2 = 4 0 - La
2 = 0 0 - Istina
-2
x/y
2
2
1
4
1
6
0
8
0
R = {(2,2), (2,4), (4,4), (4,6), (6,4), (6,6), (6,8), (8,2), (8,6), (8,8)}
d
R = {(2,4), (2,6), (4,8), (6,2), (8,2), (8,4)}
x/y
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
0
Graf relacije:
) (
1
1
1
1
1
4
5
4
0
0
1
)"
( , )
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
itd.
1
4
5
=1 1=1
=1 0=1
=1 1=1
Sud ( , ) je laan jer u svakom retku nemamo barem jednu nulu. U 3.retku nemamo niti jednu nulu.
Sud ( , ) je istinit jer postoji barem jedan stupac gdje su sve jedinice. U 1. i 3. stupcu imamo sve
jedinice.
2.) Na U = {1,2,3,4,5}, zadan je predikat
( ) ="(
x
1 2 3 4 5
P(x)
1 1 1 0 1
1 <3 1
2 <3 2
3 <3 3
4 <3 4
5<3 5
< 3) (
=1 1=1
=1 0=1
=0 1=1
=0 0=0
=0 1=1
( ) ,
( )
! ( )
,
,
-4
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
-3
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
( , )
( , )
( , 3)
= {4, 3, 2, 1,0,1,2,3,4}
-2
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
-1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
4
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
,
,
,
,
=2
=7
=7
=7
=7
=7
0
0
=4
=4
( ) ( ) = ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) = ( ) ( )
-1
-3
2
1
detA = (-1)
1 1
0 2
1 1
2 0
1 1
1 1
-3
1 1
0 2
1 1
-1
2 0
0 2
1 1
-1
2 0
1 1
1 1
-1
2 0
1 1
0 2
-1
-3 + (-1)
4+1
-3
0 + (-1)
1
2
2+1
(-1)
2
1
-1
2 0
1 1
0 2
-1
2 0
0 2
1 1
0 + (-1)
-3
0 = 0 + 0 + 4 - ( 0 + 0 - 6) = 10
0 = 0 + 0 + 8 - ( 0 + 0 - 2 ) = 10
-3 = 0 - 1 + 4 - ( - 6 + 0 -1 ) = 10
-3 = 0 - 2 + 0 - ( - 12 + 0 + 0 ) = 10
3+1
A= 2
1 ,
A-1 =
1
X=
B= 0
2
1 1
detA = 2
1 2
2=0+9+2-(6+1+0)=4
0 3
detA = 4
a11 = (-1)
1+1
a21 = (-1)
2+1
a31 = (-1)
3+1
a12 = (-1)
1+2
a22 = (-1)
2+2
a32 = (-1)
3+2
a13 = (-1)
1+3
a23 = (-1)
2+3
3+3
a33 = (-1)
= 1 (-1) = -1
= (-1) (-1) = 1
=3-2=11=1
= (-1) (-3) = 3
= 1 (-3) = -3
= (-1) (-1) = 1
=1(-4)=-4
= (-1) (-8) = 8
= 1 (-4) = - 4
AX = B
-1
X=A B
4
=
-1
A =
0
2
1
M=
0
5
2
1
Odredite detA
1+1
detA = (-1)
0 2
2 2
1
1
4+1
3 + (-1)
2+1
(-1)
2 2
1 0
0=0+2+0-(0+6-4) =0
2 2
0
2
0 + (-1)
2 2
1 2
0
3 = 6 + 0 + 0 - ( 0 + 0 + 2 )= 4
2 2
1
1
3+1
3 + (-1)
0
4
H=
8
3
3
1+1
detH = (-1)
4
2
2 3
-1
4 5
-3 + (-1)
2 3
-2
1 2
-1
2 3
-1 + (-1)
2 3
-2
4+1
2+1
1 2
-1
4 5
-3 + (-1)
2 3
-2
1 2
-1
2 3
-1
4 5
-3
= ( 1 2 2 ) + ((-1) 4 1 ) + ( 1 8 1 ) + ( (-1) 3 2) = 4 - 4 + 8 - 6 = 8 -6 = 2
2 3
-1
4 5
-3 = -18 - 12 - 20 - ( - 18 - 24 - 10 ) = 2
2 3
-2
1 2
-1
4 5
-3 = -12 - 12 - 10 - ( -9 - 16 - 10 ) = 1
2 3
-2
-1
-1 = - 4 - 6 - 6 - ( -3 - 8 - 6 ) = 1
-2
-1
-1 = - 8 - 10 - 9 - ( -5 - 12 - 12 ) = 2
-3
detH = 2
3+1
3
A=
5
4
10
0
3
1+1
detA = (-1)
2 -4
10
10
0
6
-7
3 -5
1
-1 + (-1)
3 -5
4+1
2 -4
-1
2 + (-1)
2+1
(-3)
1
4
10
-1
-7
2 -4
0
-7
3 -5
10
-1
-7
2 = - 36 + 0 - 70 - ( - 100 + 0 - 21 ) = 15
3 -5
2 -4
0
1
2 = 24 + 0 + 14 - (20 - 0 + 21 )= 38 - 20 - 21 = 38 - 41 = - 3
-7
3 -5
3 -5
2 -4
10
-1 = 0 - 70 - 24 - ( - 14 - 80 + 0 ) = 0
-7
det A = - 9
2 -4
10
-1 = - 12 - 50 - 12 - ( - 10 - 40 - 18 ) = - 6
1
2 + (-1)
1
3+1
1
A=
1
1
2
(-1)
1+1
(-2)
1
2
-2
1
2+1
-2 + (-1)
-2
1 + (-1)
4+1
-2 + (-1)
1 -2
1=
-2
-2
-2 = - 8 +1 + 1 - ( -2 - 2 - 2 ) = 0
-2 = 4 + 1 + 1 - ( - 2 + 1 - 2 ) = 9
2 1
-2
1=-2+1-2-(1+1+4)=-9
1 -2
1 =1+1+4-(1-2-2)=9
-2
2 1
3+1
aij =
11
| |
+
>
=1 1= + = 1+1= 2
a12 = 1 2 = 1 + 2 = 3
a13 = 1 3 = 1 + 3 = 4
a21 =
> = | | = |2 1| = 1
a22 =
=2 2=2+2=4
a23 =
=2 3 =2+3 =5
a31 =
> = | | = |3 1| = 2
a32 =
> = | | = |3 2| = 1
a33 =
=3 3 =3+3 =6
A=
6
2
b) Odredite f (x) = 2x - x + 3
f (A) = ?
f(A) = 2A - A + 3I
A =AA=
f (A) = 2
15
22
47
16
24
54
17
16
49
30
44
94
32
48
108
34
32
98
15
22
47
16
24
54
17
16
49
31
41
90
31
47
103
32
31
95
-1
D= 4
-5 -1
-10
-3
-10 = 40 - 63 - 40 - ( - 150 - 14 + 48 ) = 53
4 -3
-5 44
-10
7 -75
4 -36
44
D1 = -75
-36
3
-10 = - 1760 - 756 + 750 - ( - 1800 + 616 - 900 ) = 318
2
-1
44
-5 -1
44
D2 = 4
-75
-3
-36
4 -3
-1
44 -1
-10
-75 4
-36 -3
D3 = 4
-3
Rj: =(
D1
D
D2 D3
D
),(
-36
3
-10 = - 360 + 675 + 352 - ( 1320 + 150 - 432 ) = - 371
2
), ( 6, 5, -7 )
-2
-2
D= 1
1 =-4+4+6-(-6+4+4)=4
-2
-2 -2
-2
-1 2
-2
D3= 1
1 = 0+8-2-(2+8+0)= - 4
-2
0 -2
-1
-2
3 -1
-2
D1 = 2
1 = 2 + 0 + 12 - ( 0 - 2 + 8 ) = 8
-2 0
-1
-1
D2 = 1
2 = - 8 + 2 + 0 - ( - 12 + 0 + 2 ) = 4
-2
-2 -2
Rj: =(
D1
D
D2 D3
D
),(
8 4 -4
, ,
4 4 4
), ( 2,1,-1 )
1 3
D= 4
1 4
2=0+3+4-(6+3+0)=7-9=-2
0 3
1 2 1
D1 = 0
1 0 2 = 0 + 6 + 0 - ( 12 + 2 + 0 ) = 6 - 14 = - 8
0 6 1
1 3 2
D2 = 4
1 4 0 = 0 + 6 + 24 - ( 0 + 18 + 0 ) = 30 - 18 = 12
0 3 6
2 3 1
D3 = 4
0 4 2 = 36 + 0 + 8 - ( 12 + 0 + 24 ) = 44 - 36 = 8
6 3 1
Rj: =(
D1
D
D2 D3
D
),(
-8
-2
12 8
-2 -2
), ( 4, -6, -4 )
B12 = 0
B13 = 0
B21 = 3
B22 = 2
B23 = 0
B31 = 5
B32 = 4
B33 = 3
B11 = 1 1 = 2 1 1 = 2 1 = 1
B21 = 2 1 = 2 2 1 = 4 1 = 3
B22 = 2 2 = 2 2 2 = 4 2 = 2
itd.
2
4
A=
10
a11 = (-1)
1+1
a21 = (-1)
2+1
a31 = (-1)
3+1
a12 = (-1)
1+2
a22 = (-1)
2+2
a32 = (-1)
3+2
a13 = (-1)
1+3
a23 = (-1)
2+3
det A = 4
3
10
3 5
2
= 1 ( - 54 ) = - 54
= (-1) 22 = - 22
4
3
10
10
= 1 ( - 29 ) = - 29
= (-1) 37 = - 37
= 1 ( - 19 )= - 19
= (-1) 13 = - 13
= 1 ( - 22 ) = - 22
= (-1) 7 = - 7
3
10
2
5 1
7
4 3
3
10 = 53
2
a33 = (-1)
3+3
10
=1(-2)=-2
54
37
22
54
22
29
A = 22
19
= 37
19
13
29
13
22
-1
A =
54
22
29
37
19
13
22
13.) Izraunajte
a)
det
det
1
2
(16)
= -1
Broj potencije je 4 jer je matrica reda 4
b)
det
(9)
1
3
(9)
(9)
=-9
c)
3
1
2
2 3 2 =
d)
1
2
detA = 10
1
2
+ 2
detA = detA
10 + 2 (10 10 ) =
21
8
e)
(
(3
)+
determinanta M iznosi - 9
(9) ((3) (9) ) + (9) = 81
Odredite:
3
f (x) = x - x + 2
3
f (A) = A - A + 2I
3
A = AAA
A =
A =A A=
f(A)=
20
13
36
23
92
59
20
13
+2
36
23
92
59
36
22
88
58
f(x) = -3x + x + 2
f(A) = ?
2
f(A) = - 3A + A + 2I
A= 1
A = 1
1 1
1 = 2
15
- 3A = - 3 2
2 = 6
15
f(A) = - 3A + A + 2I
15
13
f(A) = 6
6 + 1
1 + 0
0 = 5
15
13
b) odredite det
, gdje je B = f(A)
13
1 13
13 1
detB = - 72
1
2
1
2
(72) = 9
a)
aij = | |,
za
A11 = 0
A12 = 0
A13 = 0
A14 = 0
A21 = 1
A22 = 0
A23 = 0
A24 = 0
A31 = 3
A42 = 2
A43 = 1
A44 = 0
A41 = 3
A42 = 2
A43 = 1
A44 = 0
0
1
A=
2
3
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
f(A) = ?
f(A) = 4A - A + 2I
0
1
A =AA=
2
3
2
0
0
4A = 4
1
4
0
0
0
1
0
0
f(A) =
4
16
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0 0
0
1 0
0
2 1
0
3 2
0
0
0
1
0
0 0
0
0 0
=
0
1 0
0
4 1
0
0
0
0
=
0
4
0
16
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
1 0
0
2 1
0
3 2
0
0
0
1
0
0
+2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
17.)
B = 2 3
2 2
C=
1 2
a12 = 4
a13 = 6
a21 = 1
a22 = 2
a23 = 3
a11 = 3 1 - 1 1 = 3 - 1 = 2
a12 = 3 2 - 1 2 = 6 - 2 = 4
a13 = 3 3 - 1 3 = 9 - 3 = 6
a21 = 3 1 - 2 1 = 3 - 2 = 1
a22 = 3 2 - 2 2 = 6 - 4 = 2
a23 = 3 3 - 2 3 = 9 - 6 = 3
A=
4 6
2 3
1 2
2 3
2 2
4 6
2 3
17
19
4 6
2 3
-1
2 1
detB = 2 3
1 2
3 = 0 + 0 + 8 - ( 12 + 2 + 0 ) = - 6
2 2
0 2
b11 = (-1)
1+1
3
2
1
= 1 (-2) = - 2
0
b21 = (-1)
2+1
0
2
2
= (-1) 4 = - 4
0
b31 = (-1)
3+1
0
3
2
=16=6
1
b12 = (-1)
1+2
2 1
= (-1) 2 = - 2
2 0
=[
15
1
15 1
0
b22 = (-1)
2+2
1 2
= 1 (- 4 ) = - 4
2 0
b32 = (-1)
3+2
1 2
= (-1) (-3) = 3
2 1
b13 = (-1)
1+3
2 3
=12=2
2 2
b23 = (-1)
2+3
1 0
= (-1) 2 = - 2
2 2
b33 = (-1)
3+3
1 0
=13=3
2 3
2
= 4
6
=
2 2
4 2
3
3
1 2 4
2 4
6
2 2
2 4 6
= 2 4 3
2 2 3
6
3
3
18.) Izraunajte
(3 )
) 4
= 3 (27) (27)
4 (27) = 189
Matrica reda 4
A = 2
4
a11 = (-1)
1+1
a21 = (-1)
2+1
a31 = (-1)
3+1
a12 = (-1)
1+2
a22 = (-1)
2+2
a32 = (-1)
3+2
a13 = (-1)
1+3
a23 = (-1)
2+3
a33 = (-1)
3+3
2
det A = 2
4
0 1
2 1
1
3
4
0
4 4
1
=
4
= (-1) 4= - 4
= (-1) (-4) = 4
= 1 ( - 4 )= - 4
4 0
= (-1) 4 = - 4
=1(-3)=-3
3 1
=14=4
=1(-4)=-4
= (-1) (-8) = 8
=16=6
1 2
1 2
3 =4
0 4
5.)
B(XA - I ) = - B
BXA - BI = - B
10.)
-1
-1
-1
A ( X + 3I ) = 2AX + A
-1
AX + 3AI = 2AX + A
2AX + 4A = I + 3AX
AX - 2AX = A - 3AI
XA = B B - B B
2AX - 3AX = I - 4A
- AX = A - 3A / (-1)
XA = I - B
A / -AX = I - 4A
BXA = BI - B
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
X = ( I - B) A
-1
-1
/AX= - A + 3A
-1
-X = A - 4 A A
-1
X = - A A + 3 A A
-1
-X = A - 4I / (-1)
X = - A + 3I
-1
2.)
X= - A + 4I
-1
A ( B - X )+B = A
-1
11.)
-1
A B-A X+B=A
-1
-1
6.)
A( 4X - A )A = 3AXA + I
- A X = A-A B - B /: (-1)
A ( XA - XB ) = 2AX - B
(4AX - A ) A = 3AXA + I
4AXA - A = 3AXA + I
-1
-1
-1
-1
/ A X = -A + A B + B
2
X = -A + B + AB
-1
-1
-1
X ( A-B-2I) = -A B / ( A-B-2I)
BXA - B + B ( B + 2XA ) = 0
X= -A B ( A-B-2I)
-1
-1
BXA + 2BXA = B - B
3BXA = B - B
-1
-1
-1
/ AXA = A+I
-1
-1
-1
-1
XA - 2XA = BA A - I
A-1
-1
-XA = B - I / A
-1
3X = ( I - B ) A /
-1
-1
-1
/A
X=IA+I
-1
-1
/ (-1)
-1
ABX = A2 - A + 2ABX
2
X = - BA + A
X= (I-B)A
12.)
ABX = (A-I) A + 2ABX
-X=BA -A
-1
ABX - 2ABX = A - A
-1
A / - ABX = A - A
-1
8.)
4.)
-BX = A A A - I
-1 -1
-1
(A ) X - 2I = 2AX
B / - BX = A-I
AX - 2I = 2AX
-X = B ( A - I )
-1
( B + X - B)B = BA + I
-1
-1
XA = A A + A I
I + XA = BA A + 2XA
3XA = B B-BB B
-1
/ 3BXA = B-B
3XA = I - B /
-1
-1
-1
-1
X =I A + A A
I + XA = (BA + 2X)A
B-1
-1
-1
XA = I + A
7.)
-1
-1
BXA - B + B + 2BXA = 0
-1
-1
A / AX ( A - B - 2I ) = - B
3.)
-1
-1
B B + XB - B = BA + I
AX - 2AX = 2I
I + XB - B = BA + I
XB = BA + I - I + B
2
-AX = 2I / (-1)
-1
-1
I - XA = (BA + 2X)A
-1
-1
X = -2A
I - XA = BA A + 2XA
-1
X = BA B + B B B
9.)
I - XA = BI + 2XA
-1
X = BAB + B
-1
/AX = - 2I
-1
XB = BA + B / B
13.)
2AX - I = A + AX
-XA-2XA = BI - I
-1
2AX - AX = A + I
A
-1
-3XA = B - I / A
-1
/ AX = A + I
-1
-1
X=A A +A I
-1
-1
X=A AA+A
-1
X=A+A
-1
-3X = BA - A
-1
-3X = (B - I)A
14.)
18.)
-1
-1
-1
2AXB - I = AXB - A
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
AXB - 2AX = - A B
A / 2AXB = A - A
-1
-1
X = BA - B
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
/ AX (B - 2I) = - A B
-2
X ( B - 2I) = - A B / ( B-2I)-
2AXB = A A A - A A
-1
X = (A - I)B
A B + AXB - 2AX = 0
AXB + AXB = A - A
XB = A - I / B
-1
( A I + A A X) B = 2AX
AI + AXB = A - AXB
XB = A I - A A
A ( I + A X) B = 2AX
AI + AXB = A B B - AXB
A / AXB = I - A
-1
A ( I + XB ) = (A B - AX ) B
2AXB - AXB = I - A
-1
21. )
-2
2XB = A - I / B
-1
X = - A B ( B - 2I )
2X = AB - B
3AX - 4I = A (I+2X)
1
X = AB - B
2
3AX - 4I = A + 2AX
X=
15.)
3AX - 2AX = A + 4I
-1
( B + X - B ) B = BA + I
-1
-1
I + XB - B2 = BA + I
-1
XB = BA + I - I + B
-1
B ( I - XA ) = B - 2BXA
-1
X=A A+4A
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
B / BX = B A - BA
-1
23.)
-1
X = B B BA - B BA
-1
AX ( A - B - 2I ) = - B / (A-B-2I) -1
-1
-1
- X = C ( I + 2D )
X=(B-I)A
-1
-X = C ( I + 2D ) / (-1)
-1
-1
A / AX = - B ( A - B - 2I)
-1
X = - C ( I + 2D )
20.)
-1
X = - A B ( A - B - 2I)
BX ( 2A - I ) = BXA + I
24.)
2 BXA - BX = BXA + I
17.)
AXA - 2BA = 2AXA + A
-1
-1
-XA = A A A + 2A BA / A
-1
BX = 3CB + 3X
B-1 / BX ( A - I ) = I ( A - I)-1
A / -AXA = A + 2BA
-1
-1
BX = ( 3C + 3XB )B
BXA - BX = I
-1
-1
BX = 3 ( C + XB )B
2 BXA - BX - BXA = I
-1
- C CX = C ( I + 2D )
X = BA - A
-1
X = BAB + B
BXA = B - B / A
16.)
-1
X = BA B + B B B
- BXA + 2BXA = B - B
-1
XB = BA + B / B
-1
BI - BXA = B - 2BXA
-1
X = I + 4A
B B + XB - B = BA + I
( A - I )B
19.)
A / AX = A + 4I
-1
22.)
-1
-1
B BX ( A - I ) ( A - I ) = B I ( A - I )
-1
-1
X=B (A-I)
-X = I + 2A B / (-1)
-1
BX - 3X = 3CB
(B-3I)
-1
/ (B - 3I)X = 3CB
-1
X = 3( B - 3I ) CB
-1
X = - I - 2A B
21.)
25.)
( X + I )B = I
AX - 2A - 30A = A - 2X
XB + B = I
-1
AX - 2X = A + 30A + 2A
-1
AX - 2X = 33A
XB = I - B / B
-1
X=B +BB
-1
X=B -I
-1
X = 33 ( A - 2I ) A
1.)
x + y + 2z + 3t = 6
x - 4y + 2z - 3t = -4
7y + 2z + 5t = 12
x + 3y + 4z + 2t = 8
x
-4
-3
-4
12
10
-4
-3
-4
12
12
10
-4
-3
-4
12
/ (-1 )
5y + 6t = 10
5y = 10 - 6p / : 5
y=2-
7y + 2z + 5t = 12
6
7( 2 14 -
5
42
p ) + 2z + 5p = 12
+ 2z + 5p = 12
42
2z = 12 - 14 +
17
2z = -2 +
z=-1+
5
17
p - 5p
p/:2
p
10
x - 4y + 2z - 3t = - 4
6
x-4(2x -8 +
24
5
x - 10 +
p ) + 2 ( -1 +
p-2+
26
5
x=6-
10
p ) - 3p = -4
p - 3p = -4
p = -4
x = - 4 + 10 26
17
17
26
5
OPE RJEENJE:
( x, y, z, t )
(6 -
26
5
17
10
p, 2 - p, -1 +
p, p )
/ (-1)
2.)
x1 - x2 + 3x3 = 4
3x2 - x3 + 5x4 = 6
2x1 - 2x2 + 6x4 = 8
3x1 + 8x3 + 5x4 = 18
x4 = p
x1
x2
x3
x4
-1
-1
-2
18
-1
-1
-1
-3
-4
18
-3
-1
-1
-3
-4
18
-3
-1
-1
-3
-4
-4
+
/ : ( -2 )
/ 3
3x3 - 3x4 = 0
3x3 - 3p = 0
3x3 = 3p / : 3
x3 = p
3x2 - 1x3 + 5x4 = 6
3x2 - 1p + 5p = 6
3x2 = 6 + p - 5p
3x2 = 6 - 4p / : 3
4
x2 = 2 - p
3
- x1 + x2 - 3x4 = - 4
4
- x1 + 2 - p - 3p = - 4
3
-x1 = - 4 - 2 + p + 3p
- x1 = - 6 +
x1 = 6 -
13
3
13
3
p /(-1)
OPE RJEENJE:
(x1, x2, x3, x4 ), (6 -
13
3
p , 2 - p, p, p )
3
3.)
t=p
x
15
-4
-15
-4
25
12
10
30
10
-7
-2
-25
-12
25
12
10
5y + 30t = 10
5y + 30p = 10
5y = 10 - 30p / : 5
y=2-6p
7y + 2z + 25t = 12
7 ( 2 - 6p ) + 2z + 25p = 12
14 - 42p + 2z + 25p = 12
2z = 12 - 14 + 42p - 25p
2z = - 2 + 17p /: 2
z=-1+
17
2
x + 3y + 4z + 10t = 8
x + 3 ( 2 - 6p ) + 4 ( -1 +
17
2
p ) + 10p = 8
x + 6 - 18p - 4 + 34 p + 10p = 8
x + 2 + 26 p = 8
x = 6 - 26p
OPE RJEENJE SUSTAVA (x, y, z, t ), ( 6-26p, 2 -6p, (-1 +
17
2
p), p )
4.)
x1 - x2 + 3x3 = 4
3x2 - x3 + 5x4 = 6
2x1 - 2x2 + 6x4 = 8
x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 + 5x4 = 10
x4 = p
x1
x2
x3
x4
-1
-1
-2
10
-1
-1
-2
-1
-1
-1
-3
-1
(-1)
(-1)
/:2
3x3 - x3 + 5x4 = 6
- 3x3 + 3x4 = 0
x1 - x2 + 3x3 = 4
3x2 - p + 5p = 6
- 3x3 + 3p = 0
x1 - ( 2 5
4
3
p ) + 3p = 4
3x2 = 6 + p - 5p
-3x3 = -3p / : ( -3 )
x1 - 2 + p = 4
3x2 = 6 - 4p / : 3
x3 = p
x1 = 4 + 2 - p
x2 = 2 - p
x1 = 6 - p
OPE RJEENJE:
5
5
3
5.)
x1 - x2 + 3x3 = 4
3x2 - x3 + 5x4 = 6
2x1 - 2x2 + 6x4 = 8
3x1 + 8x3 + 5x4 = 18
x4 = p
x1
x2
x3
x4
-1
-1
-2
-1
-1
-1
-3
-4
18
-3
-1
-1
-3
-4
18
-3
-1
-1
-3
-4
-4
+
/ : ( -2 )
3x3 - 3x4 = 0
3x3 - 3p = 0
3x3 = 3p / : 3
x3 = p
/ 3
+
3x2 - x3 + 5x4 = 6
3x2 - p + 5p = 6
3x2 = 6 + p - 5p
3x2 = 6 - 4p /: 3
4
x2 = 2 - p
3
- x1 + x2 - 3x4 = - 4
4
x1 + (2 - p ) - 3p = - 4
3
13
- x1 = 2 -
p=-4
- x1 = - 4 - 2 + 2 - x1 = - 6 +
x1 = 6 -
13
3
13
3
13
3
p / (-1)
OPE RJEENJE:
( X1, X2, X3, X4 ), (6 -
13
3
p, 2 - p, p, p )
3
6.)
2x1 - x2 + 3x3 = 0
x1 + 2x2 - 5x3 = 0
3x1 + x2 - 2x3 = 0
x1
x2
x3
-1
-5
-2
-1
-5
-1
-1
2x1 - x2 + 3x3 = 0
5x1 + x3 = 0
5p + x3 = 0
x3 = - 5p
/ 2
( p, - 13p, -5p )
+
/ (-1)
+
2p - x2 + 3 ( -5p ) = 0
2p - x2 - 15p = 0
- x2 = -2p + 15p
- x2 = 13p
x2 = - 13p
Za x2 = p
x1
x2
x3
-1
-5
-2
-5
13
-5
-5
13
-5
13
-5
/ (-2) / (-3)
/ (-1)
+
-5x2 + 13x3 = 0
Rjeenje:
-5p + 13x3 = 0
(X1, X2, X3 ), (-
13x3 = 5p / : 13
x3 =
5
13
x1 + 2x2 - 5x3 = 0
x1 + 2p - 5 (
x1 + 2p -
25
1
13
p=0
13
25
x1 = - 2p +
x1 = -
5
p)=0
13
13
p=-
1
13
1
13
p, p,
5
13
p)
Za x3 = p
x1
x2
x3
-1
-5
-2
-5
13
-5
-2
-5
13
-5
-5
13
-13
-5
/ (-2)
+
/ (-3)
/ (-1)
5x2 - 13x3 = 0
x1 + 2x2 - 5x3 = 0
5x2 - 13p = 0
x1 + 2 (
5x2 = 13p / : 5
x1 +
x2 =
13
5
26
5
1
13
p ) - 5p = 0
5
p - 5p = 0
x1 + p = 0
5
x1 = - p
5
Rjeenje:
1
13
(X1, X2, X3 ) (- p,
p, p )
7.)
2x1 + x2 - 3x3 +x4 = 0
-x1 + 2x2 -x3 - 6x4 = 0
x1 + 2x2 - 4x3 +2x4 = 0
3x1 + 4x2 - 7x3 + 5x4 = 0
x1
x2
x3
x4
-3
-1
-1
-6
-4
-7
-3
-1
-1
-6
-5
-4
-7
-5
-11
-1
-1
-6
-5
-4
-7
-5
-11
-1
-1
-6
-5
-4
10
-10
-13
-5
-11
-1
-1
-6
10
-10
-13
RJEENJE:
(X1, X2, X3, X4 ) = (p, p, p, 0 )
/ 2
/ 3
+
/ (-1)
7x4 = 0 / :7
x4 = 0
8.)
t=p
x
-1
-1
-2
-1
-6
10
-5
-1
-2
10
12
-1
-6
10
-5
-1
-1
-1
-6
10
-5
-1
-1
-1
-3
10
-14
-6
-1
-1
-3
10
-14
-6
-1
-1
-9
/:2
x - y +3t = 4
4
x - ( 2 - p ) + 3p = 4
/ (-3)
3
4
x - 2 + p + 3p = 4
x-2+
3
13
3
p=4
x=4+2/ (-1)
+
x=6-
13
3
13
9z - 9t = 0
9z - 9p = 0
9z = 9p / : 9
z=p
3y - 1z + 5t = 6
3y - p + 5p = 6
3y + 4p = 6
3y = 6 - 4p /: 3
4
3
( X, Y, Z , T ) (6 -
13
3
p, 2 - p, p, p )
3
y=2- p
RJEENJE:
9.)
z=p
RJEENJE: ( X, Y, Z, T )
-1
-1
-2
18
-1
/ (-1)
-1
-1
18
-1
-1
-3
18
-1
-1
-3
-1
(6 -
13
3
p, 2 - p, p, p )
3
/:2
/ (-3)
+
3y - 1z + 5t = 6
- 3z + 3t = 0
x - y + 3z = 4
3y - p + 5p = 6
- 3p + 3t = 0
x - (2 - p ) + 3p = 4
3y = 6 + p - 5p
3t = 3p / : 3
x - 2 - p + 3p = 4
3y = 6 - 4p / :3
t=p
x-2-
y=2- p
3
3
4
3
13
3
p=4
x=4+2x=6-
13
3
13
3
10.)
-4
-4
12
-5
-10
12
-5
-10
12
-1
-5
-10
12
-5
-6
10
/ (-1)
+
/ (-1)
+
/ (-1)
+
x + y + 2z + 3t = 6
-5y - 6t = - 10
17
5 5
11
x+p+2( p- p)+3( - p)=6
6
12
3 6
-5p - 6t = -10
-6t = -10 + 5p / : (-6)
22
x+p+
34
p-
t= + p
17
p+5- p=6
12
x-
13
3
p+
x=6+
26
3
13
=6
p-
26
RJEENJE:
13
( X, Y, Z, U ), (- +
8
13
x=- +
7y + 2z + 5t = 12
5
6
17
7p + 2z + 5 ( + p) = 12
7p + 2z +
2z = 12 2z =
z=
25
3
11 17
11 17
6
3
25
12
6
17
6
p = 12
p /:2
p, p,
11 17
6
12
p, + p )
11.)
-2x1 + x2 + 2x3 = 4
x1 - 3x2 + 4x3 = 3
-3x1 + 4x2 - 2x3 = 1
x1 = p
x1
x2
x3
-2
/ 3
-3
-3
-2
-2
-5
10
15
-3
-2
-2
-1
-3
-2
-2
-1
-10
-2
-1
-2
-3
-2
-1
/ :5
/ (-4)
+
- x1 + 2x3 = 3
- p + 2x3 = 3
2x3 = 3 + p / : 2
x3 =
3
2
p
2
- 2x1 + x2 + 2x3 = 4
-15 / : 5
4
- 2p + x2 + 2 (
+
3
2
p
2
- 2p + x2 + 3 + p = 4
- p + x2 + 3 = 4
x2 = 1 + p
)=4
3
2
p
2
12.)
x + y + 2z + 3t = 6
x - 4y + 2z - 3t = -4
7y + 2z + 5t = 12
x + 3y + 4z + 2t = 8
10
(6 - p, 2 - p , -1 +
x
-4
-3
-4
12
-5
-6
-10
12
-2
-2
-2
-5
-6
-10
12
/ (-1)
+
+
/ (-1)
- 5y - 6t = - 10
- 5y - 6p = - 10
- 5y = -10 + 6p / : ( - 5 )
6
y=2- p
5
- 2y - 2z + t = -2
6
- 2 (2 - p) - 2z + p = - 2
-4+
5
12
5
p - 2z + p = - 2
x + 3y + 4z + 2t = 8
6
10
x + 3 (2 - p ) + 4 (-1 +
x+6-
18
5
p-4+
x=8-6+
6
x=6- p
5
18
5
28
10
p) + 2p = 8
p + 2p = 8
p+4-
28
10
p - 2p
-2z = 2 -
12
5
7
p-p
-2z = 2 - p / : (-2)
z = -1 +
5
7
10
p,p)