CONSTRUCTION OF A DEEP

TUBE WELL- A CASE STUDY.

A PRESENTATION BY T.S. BADRINARAYANAN, GEOSCIENTIST,

B SQUARE GEO TECH SERVICES, KOLLIDAM, SIRKALI TALUK,
NAGAI DISTRICT,TAMILNADU, PIN- 609 102.
E-MAIL: tsbadri56@gmail.com, MOB- 94430 46102.

AREA & PURPOSE OF

INVESTIGATION.
Name of the village
Panchayat Union
Taluk
District
State
Area of extent
Purpose of
investigation

: Ko.Pavalangudi.
: Vridhachalam.
: Vridhachalam.
: Cuddalore.
: Tamilnadu.
: 100 acres.
: To construct a very deep
tube well for agricultural
purpose.
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CUDDALORE DISTICT MAP SHOWING

THE AREA OF INVESTIGATION.

KO.PAVALANGUDI

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VRIDHACHALAM UNION MAP

KO.PAVALANGUDI

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PROBLEMS.

The hydrogeological condition is such that,

potential confined aquifers occurs @ a
very deep depth of > 200 meters below
ground level.
A very huge thick layer of aquiclude.
Exploring the very deep aquifer &
construction of well are problematic.
A huge investment has to be made for
construction.
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STAGES OF
GW EXPLORATION
IN SEDIMENTARY
TERRAIN.

SURFACE METHODS.
WELL SITE
SELECTON BY
INTEGRATED
HYDROGEOLOGICAL
& GEOPHYSICAL
METHODS.

SUB SURFACE METHODS.

DRILLING PILOT
BORE HOLE
LITHOLOG
ELECTRICAL WELL
LOGGING

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WELL DEVELOPMENT
BY AIR COMPRESSOR
YIELD ASSESSMENT
WELL COMPLETION
PUMPING TESTHYDROGEO CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS OF
WATER SAMPLE.

METHODOLOGY.

Three stages of ground water exploration surface,

subsurface methods & well development.

Surface method- hydrogeological investigation to select

a bore hole point.

Sub surface method-drilling pilot bore well- litholog

preparation- electrical well logging.

Well designing & construction-

Well development by compressor- yield

assessment-well completion.

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GROUND WATER EXPLORATION METHODOLOGY ADAPTED.

FIRST STAGE.

SECOND STAGE.

SUB SURFACE METHOD.

SURFACE METHOD.

THIRD STAGE.

WELL DESIGNING &

CONSTRUCTION.

PILOT BORE HOLE

DRILLING.
HYDROGEOLOGICAL

WELL DEVELOPMENT
GEOLOGICALLITHOLOG.

SELECTING
FEASIBLE POINT.

HYDROGEOLOGICAL

GEOPHYSICALELECTRICAL
LOGGING.
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WELL COMPLETION

1.1.FIRST STAGE- SURFACE

METHOD.

Geological and Hydrogeological

investigations to select a
feasible point to drill a pilot
bore hole.

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GEOMORPHOLOGY MAP OF CUDDALORE DISTRICT.

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GEOLOGY OF THE AREA.

Terrain- Sedimentary terrain.

The area is covered by various geological
formations ranging in age from Cretaceous to
Recent represented by black clay, calcareous
sandstones & marls [Upper Cretaceous] overlain
by Gopurapuram formations of Eocene age,
essentially argillaceous, comprising silts,
claystones, calcareous sandstones, shales, black
clay & soils.
The area is about 60 to 65 kms away from sea
shore.
[SOURCE- CGWB].
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HYDROGEOLOGY.

Ground water occurs in all geological formations both

under confined & unconfined conditions.
The area receives maximum rain fall during northeast
monsoon period which is the main source for ground
water recharge.
The shallow unconfined aquifers may not be potential to
tap for irrigation purposes.
The deep confined aquifer occurs below 200 meters
below ground level.
The principal & potential aquifers are sand stones, fine
to medium grained sands, pebbles & gravels.
The depth to water level ranges from 20 to 60 m bgl.
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2.1. SECOND STAGESUBSURFACE METHOD

Drilling of pilot bore hole-

Rig engaged- Rotary rig.

Dia & depth of pilot bore hole- 300 mmdepth- 312 m.

Soil samples collected for every 6 m- litholog

prepared- soil samples analyzed in depth.
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ROTARY RIG.

MUD PIT.
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ROTARY RIG.
ROTARY RIG.

PEBBLES.
PVC CASING PIPES.

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TYPICAL
ROTARY WELL CONSTRUCTION
SEQUENCE
1

OVERSIZED
BOREHOLE
DRILLED

YIELD TEST
&
WATER SAMPLING

IDENTIFY
AQUIFER

INSTALL CASING
(& SCREEN)

WELL
DEVELOPMENT

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GROUT
ANNULAR
SPACE

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2.2. LITHOLOG.
JEYARAMAN, KO.PAVALANGUDI, LITHO LOG.
0
34
BLACK CLAY
50

GREY COLRED FS-

29

YELLOWISH BALCK CLAY

FMS

25

D EPTH IN M B GL.

100

150

BLACK CLAY

10
15
7
34
20

GREY COLRED FS- SST

BLACK CLAYEY SAND
BLACK CLAY + SST
BLACK FINE SILTY CLAY

18

BLACK CLAYEY SST

14
200

250

28

SST

BLACK CLAY

29

SST
BLACK CLAY+ SST

9
26

300

BLACK CLAY

6
16
5

CONFINED
AQUIFER

SST
CLAYEY SST
YELLOWISH WHITE SST
BLACK CLAY
TS +YELLOWISH BROWN COLORED CLAY

350

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2.3. GEOPHYSICALELECTRICAL WELL LOGGING

One of the subsurface methods of ground water

exploration namely the electrical well logging
facilitates continuous recording of electrical
response verses depth by a sensor when it
moves inside the bore hole. Among the several
methods of well logging the common method
used for ground water exploration is electrical
well logging which includes SP log and resistivity
logs.
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WELL LOGGING.

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LOGGING CONFIGURATION.

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ELECTRICAL WELL LOGGING

Logging equipment- Portable spot logger.

Resistivity meter used- Microprocessor
based signal stacking digital metermodel- SSR- MP- AT- S 0f IGIS,
Hyderabad make.
Logging modes- SP & Normal resistivity
log- LN-64.
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SP LOG.
JEYARAMAN, KO.PAVALANGUDI, SP LOG
SP IN MV
50

70

90

110

130

150

170

50

D EPTH IN M B GL.

100

150
SP
200

250

300

350

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NORMAL RESISTIVITY LOGLN 64

JEYARAM AN, KO.PAVALANGUDI, RES LOG- SN-64''
RES IN OHM /M

D EPTH IN M B GL.

0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320

10

15

20

25

30

35

AQUICLUDE.
SN-64''

AQUIFER ZONE.

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3.THIRD STAGE- WELL DESIGN

& CONSTRUCTION.

The success of well depends on the well design

and construction. The tube well design shall
ensure an efficient and economical well with a
service life of more than a decade.
Well design- The assembly of plain and slotted
pipes. The aim of screened & gravel packed well
is to draw clear water from the aquifer without
excessive head loss and to keep the aquifer
material cut.
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WHY CARE ABOUT WELL

CONSTRUCTION ?

Poor construction can affect drinking water

quality.

Poor construction can contribute, promote,

and facilitate pollution and contamination of
the groundwater aquifer.

Proper construction can prolong the life and

yield of the well.

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CONSTRUCTION OF BORE WELL IN SEDIMENTARY TERRAIN

Bore well

Logging Rest.
-curve

Kankar

Clay

Sandyclay
Sand

shale
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TYPICAL DRILLED WELL

CONSTRUCTION WITH SCREEN WELL

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3.1. KO.PAVALANGUDI
TUBE WELL DESIGN.
JEYARAMAN, KO.PAVALANGUDI, PD.

0
20
40
60
80
100

213

SLOT PIPE + BD.

DEPTH IN M BGL.

120

PLAIN PIPE

140

SLOT PIPE
PLAIN PIPE

160

SLOT PIPE

180

PLAIN PIPE

200
220
240
260
280
300

18
36
18
9

18

320

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3.3. KO. PAVALANGUDI TUBE WELL CONSTRUCTION

GROUND LEVEL.
TUBE WELL DEPTH 312 M.
0 TO 213 M PLAIN PIPE.
CLAY

213 TO 231 M SLOTTED PIPE.

PACKING
.

231 TO 267 M PLAIN PIPE.

267 TO 285 M SLOTTED PIPE.
285 TO 294 M PLAIN PIPE.
294 TO 312 M SLOTTED PIPE +

DRY CLAY
BALL PACKING

175 M

BOTTAM DUMMY.

200
PVC PLAIN PIPE

PEBBLE
SLOTTED PIPE.

PACKING.
312 M

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3.4. DEVELOPMENT AND

COMPLETION OF WELL

Development of well is essential to obtain an efficient

and long lasting well. The fundamental purpose of
development is to cause reversal of flow through the
screen openings. A permeable zone is created around
the well screen.
The tube well constructed was developed after 10 days
by an air compressor. 90 V- notch yield was ascertained
while developing. The yield of the well is 760 liters per
minute. The water is very clear and the quality is very
good to drink. Finally the well was completed by
grouting and sealing the casing.

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WELL DEVELOPEPMENT BY
COMPRESSOR

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RESULT AND CONCLUSION.

The depth of tube well [TW] constructed- 312 m & dia of

TW- 150 mm.

The principal & potential aquifers- sandstone, fine to medium

grained sand [FMS] & fine sand.

The thickness of FMS- 26 m.

Number of slotted pipes provided- 18 pipes- 54 m.

Yield of the TW, by 90 V-notch- 6- 760 LPM.

The quality of water is good.

Thus by integrated geological, hydrogeological & geoelectrical

investigations the deep potential confined aquifer could be
explored & exploited successfully

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THANK YOU.

LET US CONSERTVE WATER.

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