publicisturi teqstebi

sarCevi
dim. yifiani. baton gazeT `kavkazis~
redaqtors ................................................ 2
i. WavWavaZe. saqarTvelos
moambezed ................................................................................ 5
i. WavWavaZe. zogierTi
ram .......................................................................................................... 12
i. WavWavaZe. iveriis winasityvaoba
(I) ......................................................................... 17
i. WavWavaZe. osmalos
saqarTvelo ...................................................................................... 20
i. WavWavaZe. Sinauri mimoxilva. 1882 weli, ivnisi (SemoklebiT) ........ 23
i. WavWavaZe. daviT
aRmaSenebeli .......................................................................................... 25
i. WavWavaZe. dimitri
yifiani ................................................................................................... 28
i. WavWavaZe. nino
bagrationi .................................................................................................. 30
i. WavWavaZe. aleqsandre
roinaSvili .............................................................................. 33
i. WavWavaZe. ra giTxraT, riT
gagaxaroT? ................................................................ 35
i. WavWavaZe. presa da
piradoba ............................................................................................ 38
i. WavWavaZe. mahmadianT
gaqristianeba ............................................................................ 41
a. wereTeli. Cveni gulispasuxi ......................................................................................... 43
a. wereTeli. sityva, Tqmuli akakisagan xelTubnis
skolis kurTxevis dros oqtombris 1-ls 1884 w. ......................... 45
n. nikolaZe. krebulis
daniSnulebaze ..................................................................... 47

n. nikolaZe. franguli presis dekadansi (nawyvetebi) ..................................

52
s. mesxi. Cveni mamebi da
Svilebi ........................................................................................ 56
s. mesxi. axali mimarTuleba Cveni axal-Taobisa ..............................................
58
vaJa-fSavela. fiqrebi (unda vifiqro, vinaidgan...) .......................................
60
vaJa-fSavela. kosmopolitizmi da patriotizmi ................................................
64
vaJa-fSavela. ra aris
Tavisufleba? ............................................................................. 67

dimitri yifiani
baton gazeT `kavkazis~ redaqtors
`kavkazis~ #328-Si naTqvamia, rom amas winaT gamoqveynebuli
cnoba qarTuli gramatikis gamocemis Sesaxeb ar moswonebia `iuridiCeskoe
obozrenies~, romelsac gakvirveba gamouxatavs _ rogor Tu `kavkazi~ qarTuli
mwignobrobis warmatebas TanaugrZnobso.
es garemoeba Cemgan moiTxovs zogierT ganmartebas, romelic, gTxovT,
gamoaqveynoT Tqvens gazeTSi.
`iuridiCeskoe obozrenies~ gamoxmaurebaSi ismis Zveli simRera,
romelsac moskovis erTi gazeTi wamdauwum mReris nebismier viTarebaSi
momxdari nebismieri SemTxvevis gamo. umizezod araferi xdebao _
daaceminebs surdoiani CuvaSi, amoiRebs xmas sakuTar samosaxloze baSkiri
Tu saubarSi miseburad mouqcevs belorusi _ es yvelaferi separatizmia. aseTia
am gazeTis buneba. magram roca am, arc ise iuridiul, hangebs imeorebs
Cveni `iuridiCeskoe obozrenie~, romlisganac, sxvaTa Soris, gvaqvs ufleba
movelodeT saqmisadmi ufro wynar da uSfoTvel damokidebulebas, sakiTxi
iZens delikatur xasiaTs.
maS, vilaparakoT delikaturobis farglebSi.
Tu romelime sazogadoebas hqonia cxovrebisa da ganviTarebis sakuTari
gza da, Tanac, moumoqmedebia istoriulad mniSvnelovani saqmeebi,
SeuZlebelia, ar Camoyalibeboda Segneba _ TviTmyofadi xalxi var sxva xalxTa
Soriso. aqedanve warmosdgeba misi, sxvaTagan gansxvavebuli,
saxelwodebaca da metyvelebac. amgvar sazogadoebas dRes ar SeiZleba
sadavo gavuxadoT xalxad wodebis ufleba. iq, sadac zeda ganyofilebebi
normalur mdgomareobaSia, aseTi dava gadaiqceva srul absurdad. miT

umetes, Tu am xalxs hqonda da dResac aqvs Tavisi kultura, sakuTari, da rac

ar unda iyos, sakmaod Zveli damwerloba.
am saukunis damdegisaTvis saqarTvelo ukve moiTvlida istoriuli
arsebobis ori aTas weliwadze mets da am xnis ganmavlobaSi cxovrobda
mtruli saxelmwifoebisa da xalxebis garemocvaSi. igi martodmarto ebrZoda
mters, maT Soris, msoflios dasamorCileblad aRZrul mrisxane
dampyroblebsac. saqarTvelom araerTxel miiRo maTi dartyma sakuTar Tavze,
araerTxel Seakava maTi mozRvaveba, romelic, vin icis, mTeli qristianuli
samyaros winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli. amdenad, am qveyanas TvalsaCino
damsaxureba miuZRvis rogorc sakacobrio istoriis, ise msoflio
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis winaSe; im eklesiisa, romlis siwmindesac icavda da
uZRvnida sakuTari wiaRidan wminda makurTxevelTa da didmowameT.
yovelive amas qarTvelebs, rogorc xalxs, ver waarTmevT. maSasadame,
verc imis uflebas waarTmevT, rom erTmaneTSi ilaparakon da uzenaesisadmi
locva-vedreba aRavlinon TavianT mSobliur, ase Tu ise Zvel, enaze.
mSobliuri ena yoveli xalxis wmindaTawmindaa da mis xelyofas, garda
Seuracxadobisa, SeuZlebelia, raime gamarTleba moeZebnos. es cxadze
ucxadesi WeSmariteba dRes yvelgan esmiT, miT umetes, saxelmwifoTa Soris
uvrces ruseTis saxelmwifoSi.
pirovnebis sicocxlis xelyofa sisxlis samarTlis kanonebiT isjeba, xolo xalxis
sicocxlis xelyofa (rac gindaT TqviT da, enis mospoba xalxis amogdebas
niSnavs) ar SeiZleba gamarTlebul iqnes sasjelTa debulebebSi arsebuli
xarvezebiT.
amgvar mtrobas kidev SeiZleba moeZebnos raRac politikuri gamarTleba,
roca damorCilebulsa da gabatonebuls Soris arsebobdes antagonizmi, roca
maTi miswrafebebi da interesebi diametruladaa erTmaneTisagan
gansxvavebuli, an kidev religiuri gandgomilebisa da zogierT sxva
SemTxvevaSi. magram aseT rameebs qarTvelebze veravin ityvis. iq, sadac
erTi xalxi nebayoflobiT, sakuTarive surviliT daeqvemdebara meores, pirvelTa
mxridan raime antagonizmze laparaki TavisdaTavad uazrobaa. xolo Tu aseTi
winaaRmdegobis warmoSobas jiutad cdiloben gabatonebulTa sulmdabali
moxeleebi, maSin keTilgonierebis vali moiTxovs Wkuaze maTs moyavnas.
Torem, erTxelac iqneba, Seityobs imaT saqciels umaRlesi xelisufleba da
maSin brali viRasi?
religiur gandgomilebaze xom laparakic zedmetia, roca araviTari
gansxvaveba araa arc sarwmunoebriv dogmatebSi da arc saRvTismsaxuro
wes-CveulebebSi. qarTvelebi iaraRiT xelSi TxuTmeti saukune icavdnen
TavianT marTlmadideblobas, magram ra dainaxes, aseT dawolas fizikurad ver
gavuZlebTo, Zmuri grZnobiTa da qristianuli mindobiT Seafares Tavi ruseTis
eklesias. araviTar gandgomilebas aq adili ara aqvs.
laparaki miswrafebaTa da interesTa dapirispirebaze qarTvelTa mxridan
SesaZlebelia mxolod erT SemTxvevaSi _ Tu vinme ityvis, qarTvelebi rodisme
mtrobdnen ruseTso, an kidev, isini naklebad Tavdadebulni iyvnen TavianTi
mefis, ruseTis gvirgvinosnisaTvis, sxva misi uerTgulesi qveSevrdomebi.
magram arc amgvari laparakisaTvis arsebobs raime safuZveli.
ase rom, sadac uzenaesi simarTle da saxelmwifoebrivi keTilgoniereba
sufevs, ar arsebobs araviTari sababi, vinme abuCad igdebdes mSobliur enas
iseTi mravaltanjuli xalxisas, rogoricaa dRes rusuli samyaros winaSe mdgari
ZvelTaganve marTlmadidebeli qarTveloba.
erT garemoebasac aRvniSnav. ar SeiZleba moviTxovoT, rom
saxelmwifoSi an sazogadoebaSi, ojaxSic ki _ yvelam akeTos erTi da igive
saqme, Tanac erTi da imave wesiT. ar SeiZleba im dResaviT naTeli mizezis
3

gamo, rom sabolood aravin arafers gaakeTebs. amiT ai, risi Tqma msurs:
msoflioSi ar arsebula da arc dRes arsebobs didi saxelmwifo, sadac ar iqneba
mosaxleobis eTnikuri nairgvaroba. ar SeiZleba moviTxovoT, rom isini yvelani
cxovrobdnen, moqmedebdnen da viTardebodnen erT Targze gamoWriliviT:
ikvebebodnen erTi da imave sakvebiT, imosebodnen erTi da imave samosiT,
loculobdnen erTsa da imave enaze, miwas erTi da imave iaraRiT
amuSavebdnen. nuTu cxadi ar unda iyos, rom amiT qveyanaSi ZalisZalad
iTeseba iseTi ganxeTqileba, romelsac esRa SeuZlia _ zRvari daudos
sazogadoebriv progress.
zustad igive iTqmis enebzec.
saxelmwifo enis codna, rogorc aucilebeli cxovrebiseuli elementi,
saWiroa yvelasTvis, vinc oficialur sferoebSi trialebs an kidev saxelmwifo
samsaxurisTvis gadaudia Tavi. amaT sWirdebaT xelis Sewyoba, raTa es ena
safuZvlianad Seiswavlon. xelisufleba amisTvis fuls ara zogavs, magram,
garda fulisa, am saqme sxva ramec sWirdeba.
da ai, aq scenaze gamodis pedagogika, romelic, mecnierebis sxva
dargebisa ar iyos, zogjer aramkiTxe `moRvaweTa~ profanaciis msxverpli
xdeba. namdvili pedagogika moiTxovs, rom gonebis gasaxsnelad
pirveldawyebiTi ganaTleba bavSvs usaTuod mSobliur enaze unda mieces.
ratom? imitom, rom aseT SemTxvevaSi ar moxdeba bavSvis cnobierebis
daClungeba _ rac ufro ukeT icis mozardma mSobliuri ena, miT ufro advilad
aiTvisebs igi misTvis saWiro meore enis safuZvlebs, formebsa da wesebs.
gonebadamjdari xalxi amaze ukve aRar kamaTobs; magram zogierTi iuristi,
da pedagogic, amtkicebs _ erTiani saxelmwifo enis damkvidrebisaTvis
aucilebeliao, ubralod, am saxelmwifoSi arsebuli yvela sxva enis mospoba.
TiTqos es saWiro an samarTliani, an mosaxerxebeli, an advilad misaRwevi
iyos. ase msjeloba SeuZlia mxolod gonebaSezRuduls an imas, visi
keTilsaimedooba jer kidev gamosarkvevia.
TviTon saxelmwifosTvis ZiriTadi enis safuZvliani codnis gavrceleba
aucilebelia imdenad, da mxolod da mxolod imdenad, ramdenadac mas
sWirdeba moxeleebi da mosamsaxureebi oficialur dawesebulebaTa
Seuferxebeli saqmianobisaTvis. Cven axlaxan aRvniSneT pedagogikuri
WeSmariteba _ ucxo enis Seswavla miT ufro advilia, rac ufro kargadaa
aTvisebuli mSobliuri ena. amdenad, mSobliur enaze swavleba didad
Seuwyobs xels oficialuri saxelmwifo enis gavrcelebas. amasTanave, Tu
moswavles jer dedaenas SevaswavliT da mxolod mere ucxo enas,
xelisuflebas daexarjeba gacilebiT naklebi saxsrebi da gacilebiT naklebad
moxdeba bavSvis gonebrivi SezRudva. rogorRac ucnauria imisi gafiqrebac ki,
rom Cvens droSi arseboben garegnulad zrdadasrulebuli adamianebi, yovlad
gaugebari gaavebiT rom xvdebian qarTuli gramatikis gamosvlas. TiTqos am
wignis mizani iyos ara saerTo sikeTis motana, aramed maTi piradi
keTildReobis Seryeva.
axla oriode sityva sakuTriv `gramatikaze~, romlis gamocemasac ase
amreziT Sexvda `iuridiCeskoe obozrenie~. igi miznad isaxavs Tanamedrove
cocxali, sasaubro enis wes-kanonTa gamorkvevas da saxeldaxelodaa dawerili
Cemi SvilebisaTvis (Tumca esec unda iTqvas _ Cemi xnis kaci yovel wevrs
axalgazrda Taobisas ise uyurebs, rogorc sakuTar Svilebs).
yovelive zemoTqmuls unda davsZino Semdegi: qarTuli enis
antagonistebs, cota ar iyos, gaukvirdebaT albaT, roca Seityoben, rom am
enas aqvs iseTi gasaocari saxiereba da simdidre formebisa, evropis arc erT
Zvelsa Tu axal enas ar moepoveba da rom qarTuli anbani yvelaze martivia da
4

srulyofili dResdReobiT cnobil anbanTa Soris. didi xania, aRarc amaze

kamaTobs vinme.
16 dekemberi. 1882.
sof. qviSxeTi

ilia WavWavaZe
saqarTvelos moambezed
yoveli kaci, romelsac ki Tvalebzed Camofarebuli ara aqvs ra, xedavs, rom
cxovreba rac guSin iyo, is dRes aRar aris, rom igi icvleba, midis win da moaqvs
ganaxleba yovelisferisa. wesi, Cveuleba, azri, grZnoba, ena romelic magaTi
gamometyvelia, yoveliferi icvleba mis Zlier gavlenisagan. rac guSin kacs hgonebia
daurRvevel WeSmaritebad, risTvisac ucia pativi, rogorc moucilebel saWiroebisaTvis,
xSirad moxdeba xolme, rom is dRes gauTlel Secdomad migvaCnia, ase rom kidec
gvikvirs, adrindel kacs rogora swamda amisTana cxadi sisulele daurRvevel
WeSmaritebad, rogor ara hqonia imodena goniereba da mxedveloba, rom gaerCiva
TeTri da Savi, SavisaTvis Savi daerqmia, TeTrisaTvis TeTri. Ees ase moxdeba xolme
gana imisagan, rom Cven adrindelebzed QWkvianebi varT, `sxva sxvis omSi
brZeniao~, ambobs rusTaveli. Cven rom am Tavmowonebulis gonierebiTac
vyofiliyaviT da im adrindelis kacis viTareba da garemoeba gars Semogvrtymoda, ara
mgonia, avscdenodiT sazogado cdomilebas, romelsac dRes egre TavmowonebiT
davsciniT. Ddidi geniosi undoda da imisi maxvilis Wkvis Tamami gamWvreteloba,
rom msjelobiT droebazed maRla avmarTuliyaviT, sazogado cxovrebis wris gareT
gamdgarviyaviT da garemoebis TvalT-damabnelebel xaosSia Seumcdarad, wminda
azriT dagvenaxa sagani ise, rogorc aris da unda iyos.
rusTavelma Zalian adre sTqva, rom marto brZeni sawuTros eurCebao, sxvani ki
imis monebi arian. im droebis garemoebis mowyobiloba, azri, gamsjeloba, _ erTob
cxovrebis mdinareoba CvenisTana Cveulebriv kacsa Caayenebda sazogado
rusxmulSi da waiRebda Tan, rac unda Zlier cdiliyo Tavis Semagrebasa. cxovrebis
talRa metad Zlieria da Cveulebrivi kaci metad susti, rom Tan ar waiyolios im talRam.
marto geniosis mkerdi Tu gaapobs da Semusravs mas, Torem sxvisTvis Znelia.
Sormxedveloba, droebazed ufloba marto geniosis saqmea. is Tavis Tamams svlaSi
SemoibRertavs xolme droebis mtversa, romelic CvenisTana kacsa ufaravs sagnis
mniSvnelobasa, gul-uSiSrad midis win, rogorc beladi win miuZRvis xalxsa da
unaTebs Tavis Wkuis sxivebiT gzasa. nuravin nu ifiqrebs, rom amiTi Cven
vambobdeT, viTomc geniosi cidam iyos Camosuli. isic iseTive nayofia Tavis droebisa,
rogorc sxvani, mxolod eg nayofi srulia, damwifebulia. is Tavis Zlier mxrebiT
amoitans, amozidavs xolme mas, rac TiTon cxovrebaSia, e. i. cxovrebis Sigmdebarebasa; masSi aris mTeli awmyo Tavis droebisa da Teslic momavlisa. arc erTi
geniosi Cven axals aras gvetyvis, is mxolod gvixsnis mas, rac TiTon cxovrebas
amouriyavs Tavis mdinareobaSi, rac Tavis daudgromel duRilSia mougdia
zedapirzeda, _ amitomac xandisxan amas ufro iqneba daetyos Tavisi droebis niSani
yvelafrisa: cudisa, Tu kargisa, vidre mas, vinc daibadeba xolme marto imisaTvis,
rom uxeirod mokvdes.
cxovreba, rogorc yoveli mozardi, izrdeba, hyvavis, moaqvs nayofi da mere
Wkneba _ imisaTvis ki ara, rom mokvdes da saukunod daimarxos, aramed imisaTvis,

rom Tavisagan moyvanilis nayofisave Teslzed amoiyvanos sxva axali, nedli

cxovreba, romelic isev-ise unda wavides cxovrebis gzazed, rogorc pirveli, Tu
ukvdaveba unda. cxovrebasaca aqvs Tavisi Semodgoma da gazafxuli, rogoraTac
bunebasa. macxovnebelia pirveli qrola gazafxulis pirvelis dilisa, maSin ca da
qveyana erTi-erTamenTs Sehxarian; ufro macxovnebelia pirveli qrola axalis
cxovrebisa _ eg axlad dabadebulis yrmisa, romelsac Zveli cxovreba ise unda
Sehxarodes, rogorc ZuZumZleveli deda Sehxaris axal-gaRviZebuls bavSvsa. guli
sxva-rigad scems, roca dedamiwazed zamTris Semdeg mze amoxeTqavs mwvane
balaxsa da ufro sxva-rigada scems maSin, roca cxovrebazed amova, Tavs amohyofs
brwyinvale yvavili axalis azrisa... miT ufro mSvenieria eg yvavili, rom Wkneba, Tu
cxovrobs, mainc ise ar gaZunwdeba, rom sxva ar aRmoSobos, im sxvam kide sxva
da egreT ar Seadginos istoriuli yvavilTa grexili, romelSiac momdevari
winadmsvlelzed yovelTvis ufro srulia, ukeTesi da mSvenieri, Tu rom cxovrebis
viTarebis da garemoebis gavlena adre da male ar dauxlarTavs gzasa da zrdas ar
dauSlis. magram esec kia sanugeSo, rom rogori daric unda daudges mag yvavilsa,
Tuki Ziri Ronieri aqvs, rac unda fexi daaWiro da sriso, mainc gaarRvevs dResa Tu
xval dedamiwasa, amoxeTqavs da amova sinaTlezed ufro damSvenebuli da Zlieri.
yvelafris sikvdili SeiZleba, _ azrisa ki Tavis-dReSi ara; mis aRmoSobis dro SeiZleba
Seayenon, magram sruliad ganadgureba ki Znelad. am azris ukvdavebaSi aris mTeli
imedi kacobriobis ukvdavebisa, imitom, rom, grexili azrisa gauwyvetelia: erTs zed
mosdevs meore, ufro axali, janmrTeli da Ronieri, _ amasTanac dauqceveli, marad
myofi salaroca aqvs _ mecniereba da xelovneba, sadac isini inaxebian. mag cxovels
imeds, romelic gangebas mouvlinebia kacobriobisaTvis, rom zed daerTos adamianis
gauTavebeli ndoma ukeTesobisa _ Sedgeba is Zala, is idumali xma, romelic yovelTvis
eZaxis adamians: win wadeg! win wadeg!.. netavi im xalxs, romelsac ar daukargavs
eg imedi ganaxlebisa da ar gahqrobia ukeTesobis ndoma!.. is xalxi, is cxovreba,
romelic ar izrdeba, romelsac ara aqvs Tavisi gazafxuli da nayofieri Semodgoma;
romelica berdeba ki, magram im siberis nayofzed isev ar amova ganaxlebuli,
ganaTlebuli siaxlis mSvenier gvirgviniTa _ is xalxi, is cxovreba miCanCalebs
samarisaken, bolos miva da aRigveba, rogorc mtveri dedamiwis zurgidam.
ra aaxlebs, ra scvlis da _ Tu cxovreba janmrTelia _ ras mihyavs win? codnasa,
mecnierebasa, romelnic TviTve cxovrebis nayofni arian. `xe cxovrebisa _ ambobs
erTi Cvenis drois filosofosi _ da xe cnobadisa erTs Zirzed amodian; mxolod imaTi
aRyvaveba sxva-da-sxva dros modis. roca cxovrebis xezed yvavili Wkneba, maSin
cnobadis xezed mwifdeba nayofi, da am nayofis Tesli aRmoSobavs xolme cxovrebis
xezed axal yvavilebsa~.
am moswrobils da, Cvenis fiqriT, Zlier marTal SedarebaSi mSvenivrad aris
gamoTqmuli damokidebuleba cxovrebisa cnobierebazed da mecnierebazed. Cven
vecdebiT ufro gavaadviloT am damokidebulebis gageba...
mecniereba da xelovneba, romelnic dRe-mudam zed dastrialeben cxovrebasa,
rom yoveli cvlileba misi cnobierad gadmoiRon, rom yoveli yvavili misi mohkrifon,
Seityon, risTvis arian igini da rani arian, _ mecniereba da xelovneba sxva-da-sxva
gziT ikisreben axalis viTarebis axsnasa, cnobaSi moyvanasa. amaTi ukeTesi
mimdevari, xalxis dawinaurebuli Taoba, maSinve mixvdeba, _ rom dro icvleba,
hgrZnobs, rom eca suli axalis gazafxulisa, ganaxlebisa, hgrZnobs, rom Zveli
cxovreba aivso, damwifda, rac daTesili iyo, imis nayofi moitana da exla am
nayofidam unda gamoikrifos axali Tesli axalis cxovrebis gamosakvanZavad, raTa
madlobiT gaistumros Zveli da sixaruliT miegebos da gza gauxsnas axalsa...
saZirkvelis amoyvanaa Zneli, Torem sxvas isinic gaakeTeben. saZirkvelis
amomyvanelic ar daigvianebs xolme mosvlas. maSin gamoCndeba geniosi.
Cven ar gvinda amiTi vsTqvaT, viTomc swored im wams ibadebodes geniosi. is
iqneba aqamdinac iyo, da uTuodac unda yofiliyo, rom cxovrebas Tavisi ZuZuTi
gamoezarda, TavisTan gamoecada, moemzadebina Tavis viTarebisve aRxsasnelad.
Tu aqamdin ar gamoCnda igi, imitom, rom imisi Zlieri sulis Sesaferi saqme arsad iyo;
gamoCnda Tu ara saqme, imanac gaSala Tavisi Zlieri frTa da rogor mze
gamobrwyinda cxovrebis gasanaTleblad. es goliaTi gonierebisa Tavis Zlieris mklaviT

gadaswvdeba mTels cxovrebis namuSevarsa; Semoagrovebs erTad, rac cxovrebas

gamouCenia; Tavis gamWriax TvaliT Tavidan bolomdin gansWvritavs, gaanaTlebs im
Semogrovilsa, da yovels cxovrebis kiTxvas miscems Sesaferis pasuxs, yovels
faqtsa_ WeSmarit mniSvnelobas, yovels mimarTulebas_ kuTvnils gzasa da
RonisZiebasa, _ erTi sityviT, axsnis, cnobaSi moiyvans mas, rac Cven Sorisve iyo da
ar gvesmoda. maSin is gamoangrevs Zvelis saZirkvelsa da axalis saZirkvelSi raki
qvas daamkvidrebs, mianebebs saqmes umcrosTa muSakTa.
mecniereba da xelovneba _ eg sakvirvelni salaroni kacis gonierebisa _ arian
kanonierni memkvidreni geniosisa. igini Tavis ukeTes warmomadgenlebis xeliT
geniosisgan naCveneb saZirkvelzed ganagZeleben xolme muSaobasa, geniosis
axals azrzeda, axsnazeda daamyareben xolme Semdgomsa gamokvlevasa da
cnobierebis win wawevasa. mag warmomadgenelTagan cxovrebisgan dabadebulni
faqtebi, geniosis Wkvisagan axsnilni da cnobaSi moyvanilni, mecnierebisgan
miRebulni, rogorc kanonni da xelmZRvanelebi momavlisaTvis, gadadian danarCen
xalxSiaca. ramodenadac eg axali cnobaebi, azrebi advilad gasagebni arian
xalxisaTvis, imodenad advilad gansdevnian uwindelebsa, rom cxovrebaSi imaTi
adgili TiTon daiWiron da iwarmovon SemdgomSi. egre, cxovrebisave moRebulsa,
cxovrebave miiRebs xolme; egre, cxovrebisagan aRmosulni, mecnierebis sicxovliT
nayofad moweulni, isev cxovrebasve daubrundeba xolme warmatebisaTvis.
rasakvirvelia minam es ase ar moxdeba da xalxi, Tu ar sruliad, ufro mometebuli
mainc miiRebs ganaxlebasa, didi dro gadis. cxovreba am axal azrebiT ganaxlebuli,
isev izrdeba, hyvavis, moamwifebs sxva axal saTesle nayofsa da mere isev Wkneba,
rogorc zemoTa vsTqviT. is ar moucdis xolme xalxsa _ `aca jer rac movamzadeo
amas winaT da rac mecnierebam da xelovnebam geniosis SemweobiT cnobaSi
moiyvana da kanonad dasdva, jer isini xalxma miiRoso da daisakuTroso~. ara,
cxovreba amas ar moucdis xolme, eg dauyonebliv gaswevs Tavis warmatebis da
ganviTarebis gzazed, ase, rom minam xalxi miiRebs dididam pataramde mis uwindel
Wirnaxulsa, igi xel-axlad moaswrobs xolme axal mosavlis moyvanasa, sxva axal
faqtebis da saWiroebis SemuSavebas da Semojgufebas. kidev mova dro
ganaxlebisa, kidev amrigad mecniereba da xelovneba axsnis cxovrebis
moTxovnilebasa, cnobaSi moiyvans `axalsa~ da amaT SemweobiT gadadis es
`axali~ isev cxovrebaSi da scvlis cxovrebasa.
ai, rogorc SeviZeliT, vaCveneT, rom cxovreba Ziria, xelovneba da mecniereba
maszed amosuli Stoebi arian. rogorc miwidgan amoxeTqili Stoebi isxamen nayofsa
da roca saTesled mohsweven, isev miwas gadmoscemen, rom axali Ziri gaikeTon da
am Zirma sxva axali Stoebi amoxeTqos, agreTve cxovrebazed amosulni Stoebi _
mecniereba da xelovneba _ isxamen zed cxovrebis nayofsa... rogorca vsTqviT,
mecniereba da xelovneba _ es orniv erT da igives msaxuroben: azris moZraobas;
erTs da igives gamosTqvamen: xalxis azrsa, da Tu raSime ganirCevian, mxolod
imaSi, rom sxvadasxva gziT da sxvadasxvanairad moqmedebn da gamosTqvamen.
magram yvelam kargad icis, rom mecniereba da xelovneba, eg udidesni salaroni,
sadac kacobriobis genia awyobs xolme gonierebis saunjesa _ ar arian yvelasaTvis
misawvdomni. mag salaroSi Sedian xolme mxolod aRmorCeulni pirni, romelnic
yvelgan cotani arian...
marTalia, yovel cotaoden ganaTlebul xalxSi aris RonisZieba, saSualoba, rom
mecnierebis nayofi gaditanos xalxSia; marTalia, arian skolebi, sxva-da-sxva
saswavleblebi, romelnica avrceleben xalxSi, mis gamo cxovrebaSiac, sasargeblo da
gamosayen swavlasa da codnasa, da miT Svelian xalxsa. magram imaTamdin ise
cotas miuwvdeba fexi, rom danarCen xalxis ricxvTan rom SevadaroT is cota _ wveTi
iqneba zRvaSi. bevrni rCebian saswavleblebis gareT, bevrs maTgans unda, survili
aqvs gaigon rame, Seivson swavla, gaixsnan goneba, magram zogi SeuZleblobisa
gamo, zogi kidev sxva-da-sxva dabrkolebisagan mag miucilebel RonisZiebasac
moklebulni arian. saWiroa skolebis garda iseTi RonisZiebac, iseTi saSualobac,
romelmac imisTana Tviseba unda iqonios, rom yvelgan miswvdes, gamofinos
saqveynod kacis Wkvis Zvirfasni margalitebi sayovelTao mosaxmareblad, rom
mravalTaTvis misawvdomi gaxados is, rac dasakuTrebuli aqvs cotasa. is saSualoba,

is RonisZieba unda cdilobdes, Tu ar sruliad xalxTan, mometebul nawilTan mainc

daiWiros saqme, Seiqmnas Suamavlad mecnierebisa erTis mxriT da xalxisa da
cxovrebisa meoris mxriT. mag Znel saqmes asrulebs yvelgan literatura.
bolo dros, TiTqmis Cven saukunis pirvel naxevris dasasrulSi, Seatyes, rom TviT
es literaturac ise swrafad ar avrcelebs mecnierebasa xalxSia, SeamCnives, rom
literatura Tumca dRe-da-dRe mdidrdeba, ivseba axalis nayofiTa, axalis ideebiTa da
azrebiTa, magram cxovrebaSi ise advilad ar gadadian igini, rogor saWiroa. umTavresi
mizezi is iyo, rom TviT literaturis ena dauSorda xalxis enasa, xalxs ise advilad ar
SeeZlo gageba misi, rasac kiTxulobda _ da Cven zemoTa vsTqviT, rom Tu xalxi ver
gaigebs, arc cxovrebaSi Seitans. ra wamsac mixvdnen, rom literatura Tumca ufro
vrclad moqmedobs beWdvis SemweobiTa, magram mainc kidev xalxs imis gageba
eZneleba, maSinve gamoCnda saWiroeba im-gvar literaturisa, romelic, rogorc eniT,
ise azris gamoTqmiT, ufro advilad unda asrulebdes zemoTqmul Suamavlobasa
mecnierebis da cxovrebas Soris. maggvar literaturas hqvian `populiaruli literatura~,
xan kidev advili literatura, imitom rom igi daniSnulia mxolod imisaTvis, rom ufro,
ramodenadac SeiZleba gaaadvilos mecnierebis da xelovnebis nayofis mokrefva
yvelasaTvis; maTgan damuSavebuli Zneli misaxvedri cnobeaebi sayovelTavo
gasagebad gaamartivos, gaaadvilos da amiT ganavrcelos saWiro swavla da
cnobaebi xalxSia. amgvar literaturas ekuTvnis Jurnalica, nametnavad is Jurnali,
romelsac eZaxian: `sazogado Jurnali~. ai, ra-rig samsaxurisaTvis vniSnavT Cvens
`saqarTvelos moambesaca~.
rom Jurnali saWiroa, amas Tqma aRar unda. Jurnali, rogorc sxva, ise Cvenica, ar
aris erTis kacis survilis nayofi: mouvida Jini werisa da gamosca. ara, magisTana
Jurnali Tavs didxans ar daiWers. Cvena vsTqviT, rom yoveli saWiroeba cxovrebidgan
warmodgeba. Tu cxovrebas ar unda, verafers ver miamynobT ise, rom im
namynobma ixeiros da nayofi moitanos. marto is saqmea mkvidri da mtkice, romlis
fesvic Sig cxovrebaSia gamokvanZili; uamisod vera saqme ver gasZlebs, ver
moitans nayofsa, rogorc Tesli udedamiwod. roca cxovrebas umoqmednia da im
moqmedebiT mouyvania rogorime mosavali, romlis gageba da garCeva uZneldeba
xalxs da rCeba is mosavali mouxmareblad; roca xalxSi ismis survili, Zlieri ndoma im
naWirnaxulevis gagebisa, cnobaSi moyvanisa; roca xalxs unda da ver miswvdomia
mecnierebis nayofsa, maSin xalxis saSvelad sxvaTa Soris gamova Junalica.
rasakvirvelia, ramodenadac cxovreba _ eg deda yovel saqmisa _ Zlieria da Ronieri,
imodenad mosavali da naWirnaxulevi didia da uxvi.
ramodenadac mosavali mravalia, ase rom erTi Jurnalis Tvali ver gadaswvdeba,
erTi Jurnalis Rone ver SesZlebs imis zidvasa, imodenac mometebuli Jurnalebi
gamodian xalxSi. es Jurnalebi sxvadasxva mxriT moeqcevian im cxovrebis
mosavalsa, sxvadasxva mxriT sinjaven, sxvadasxva mxriT cnobaSi mohyavT, da am
sxvadasxvaobiTac urTierT Soris ganirCevian. amis gamo Jurnalebis simravle aramTu
unda iyos sawyeni, aramed sasixarulo imisaTvis, visac uangarod uyvars Tavisi xalxi
da imisi bedniereba. Jurnalebis simravle cxadad aCvenebs, rom xalxs ar sZinavs,
fiqrobs, sjis; rom xalxSi trialebs, moZraobs sxvadasxva-nairi azri, romlis
gamometyveladac arian sxvadasxva-nairi Jurnalebi.
jer Cveni sawyali `moambe~ arc ki dabadebuliyo, rom zogierT pirma mtrobac
Seswama. Cven ra gveTqmis amaze da amis meti, rom vinc lafSi Tavidam
fexebamde amosvrilia, ar SeiZleba ise Seexos sxvas, rom Tavisi lafi imasac ar
moscxos. `moambis~ ufrosi Zma `ciskaric~, romelsac yvelaze ufro unda
gaxareboda, rom moZme ebadeba, mSveleli uCndeba, `ciskaric~ ki winadve
aSinebda Cven `moambes~, rom mkiTxvelebs ver iSoviso. Cven, rasakvirvelia, am
windauxedav da ugemur winaswarmetyvelobas yursac ar vaTxovebdiT, rom mxdal
`ciskarsa ramdenjerme ar gamoeTqva saqveynod Tavis dafaruli SiSi da
samarcxvino azri.
dae, rac unda Tqvas SiSisagan zardacemul da gonebagamoclil `ciskarma~,
Cven ki amas vetyviT, rom am SemTxvevaSi igi hgavs im angarebis moyvare
Zmasa, romelsaca Zmis dabadeba imitom swyins da guls uxeTqs, rom SiSobs, vai Tu
sacxovrebeli Suazed gamiyoso. tyuilad SiSobs `ciskari~. Cven fiqradac ara gvaqvs

aravis sacxovrebelis Sua-gayofa da arc aravis mtroba. Cveni saqme saqarTvelos

xalxis cxovrebaa; misi gamjobineba Cveni pirveli da ukanaskneli survilia. RmerTma
gvixsnas im sulelur Tamamobisagan, romelica fiqrobs gadaasxvaferos cxovreba
Taviseburad. Cven ase ar gavbriyvdebiT, rom Cven sakuTar weszed movindomoT
cxovrebis gatareba. TviTon cxovreba aRmoSobavs xolme TavisaTvis wessa,
gansazRvravs xolme Tavis rjulsa da kanonsa, _ mxolod am kanonsa gageba unda,
gamofena saqveynod da SeZlebisamebr gzis gaxsna, rom misi warmoeba araferma
ar Seayenos. amitomac Cvenis `moambis~ umTavresi sagani awindeli cxovreba
iqneba Tavis srulis warmoebiTa, srulis viTarebiTa. ramodenac SeiZlebs Cveni Jurnali
amis aRsrulebas _ magas dro da Cveni SeZleba gamoaCens: saqmea yovelisfris
gamomcdeli. Cven winadve veras vityviT amis metsa, rom awindelis cxovrebis wreSi
Cadgoma gvinda, misgan yrud CaZaxilis amoZaxna, misis viTarebis cnobaSi
moyvana, moZraobisTvis gzis gaxsna. amiT imis Tqma ar gvinda, rom Jurnali unda
iyos uTuod dRevandels cxovrebis wreSi mojadoebulsaviT gaCerebuli, _ ara, yovel
gonier Jurnalis Tvali xSirad aris mimarTuli momavliskena. `awmyo, Sobili
warsulisagan, aris mSobeli momavalisa~, ambobs erTi filosofosi. ai, awindel
cxovrebas ra mniSvneloba eqneba Cvenis JurnalisTvis. awindel cxovrebis viTareba
ara marto sadReiso mosavalia, romelic dResve unda daixarjos, aramed masSi
momavlisTvisac Tesli urevia, rogorc warsulSi eriva awmyosTvis. Tu Cveni Jurnali
dahyurebs dRevandel cxovrebis moqmedebas, ufro mag TeslisaTvis dahyurebs, rom
eg gamohkrifos xvalisTvisa. rac Sorsa scems Jurnalis Tvali, miT ufro kargia, Cvenis
fiqriT Jurnali da dRegrZeli.
am saxiT, Tu Jurnals unda keTil-sindisiT aRasrulos Tavisi Zneli saqme, unda
TvalgafacicebiT Tan ahyves awindel cxovrebasa, raTa yovel aRmoSobil faqtsa Tvali
da goneba adevnos; yovel azris sakeTilo moZraobas gza misces, yoveliferi SeniSnos
da yovelifers pasuxi gasces, erTi sityviT, uSvelos cxovrebis win fexis gadadgmasa
gasamjobineblad, gasakeTeblad. am Znel saqmeSi Jurnalma unda waimZRvaros win
mecnierebis sinaTle da xelovnebis kalami. Cven zemoTa vsTqviT, rom am or Zlier
momqmedTa RonisZiebaTa mohyavT yoveliferi cnobaSi da rac cnobaSia moyvanili,
mxolod isa scvlis cxovrebasa da akeTebs. mecnierebas da xelovnebas Cven
vuyurebT, rogorc cxovrebis gasamjobinebel RonisZiebaTa. dae, zogierTma
mwignobarma mecnierebis saxeliTa gaiwyalos Tvali da goneba imis gamoZiebaSi,
rom ama da am egviptis piramidzed es ieroglifi ise ar unda iyoso, an wartolvil
WeSmaritebis ZebnaSi avarjiSos Tavisi goniereba; an zogierTma unayofo poetma
xelovnebis saxeliTa ukuaridos piri Tavis xalxis cxovrebasa, meSvide cas SeaCeros
gabecebuli Tvalebi da bulbulsaviT uazro Stvena daiwyos da aRar gaaTavos. Cven
imaTTan saerTo gza ara gvaqvs. isini marcxniv midian gatkepnil gzazed da Cven ki
marjvniv gavwevT. Cven mecnierebas da xelovnebas movsTxovT arsebiTsa pursa
cxovrebaSi gamomcxvarsa da mSierTaTvis mosaxmaresa da gamosadegsa.
mecnierebam unda gviSvelos Tavis gamocnobil WeSmaritebaebiT cxovrebis axsna
da gageba; man unda mogvces pirdapiri pasuxi yovel saWiro kiTxvazeda. rac ki
pirdapir moedgmeba cxovrebis viTarebasa, rac ki gadmoiReba cxovrebisaTvis _ is
iqneba ufro saWiro Cvenis JurnalisaTvis. sxva raRac wartolvil cnobaebaSi gabma da
triali CvenTvis sruliad ufaso iqneba da gamousadegi. eg iman indomos, vinc
sitkboebas xedavs uqmis Wkvis varjiSobaSi da frenaSi. xelovnebasac imas
movsTxovT, rom sarkesaviT cxovreba gardmoices, raTa Cveni Tavi mis momxiblavis
kalmiT cxovlad iyos warmomdgari Cven wina, raTa sicudec da sikeTec Cveni
davinaxoT. droa xelovnebam Tavi daanebos `Rrublebis curvasa~, `gafaRaraTebul
varskvlavebis caSi bolTis cemasa~, mTvaris xvewnasa, rom Cemsa `oxvris kvamli~
Tvalebsa swvavs da cremls adenso; droa xelovnebam Tavi daanebos ugemur
RmeWasa da Tvalebis sresasa, egeba cremli mamivideso; droa Cavides cxovrebis
mdinaris ZirSia, iq monaxos Sig-mdebare azri Tavis cxovel suraTebisaTvis, iq
cxovrebis ZirSi, is ipovis bevr margalitsa da ufro bevr leqsa da lafsa; arc erTis
gamoxatva ar unda aSinebdes xelovnebasa da arc meorisa, arc erTis gamoTqma da
arc meorisa ar unda aSinebdes Jurnalsa. rodi unda iwyinos qarTvelma, roca Cveni
`moambe~ sxvaTa Soris xelovnebis SemweobiT daundobelad gamohfens Cvenis

cxovrebis WuWysaca. qarTvelis usiyvarulobaSi nu CamogvarTmeven, roca Cveni

Jurnali mkafiod saqveynod gamoTqvams mas, rac qarTvelSi cudia da sazizRari.
saqarTveloSi Tu sadme orsa an sams uyvars qarTveli, Cven imaTSi ukanaskneli ara
varT. es ki unda vsTqvaT, rom Cven qarTvelSi gviyvars mxolod misi sikeTe, sicude ki
yvelgan sazizRaria, qarTveli iqneba misi meqoni, Tu anglieli, sul erTia CvenTvis, oriv
wyalSi gadasayarni iqnebian. bevrni arian CvenSi imisTanani, romelnic cdiloben
Cvenis cxovrebis siborotis damalvasa, eg imaT mosdiT qarTvelebis umecar
siyvarulisa gamo, is ki ar ician, rom didi xania aris CvenSi glexuri andaza: moyvares
pirSi uZraxe, mters pirs ukanao. isini, umecarni moyvareni Cvenni, zed daasmen
xolme SeCvenebis da gangdebis beWedsa mas, vinc ki veRar moiTmens cxovrebis
saZagel gubeSi dgomasa, amohyofs Tavs, rom sxvas mainc uTxras, am gubeSi ar
Caigdo Tavio, Torem dalpebio mis warmwymendel oxSivaris zed-moqmedebisagan.
Cven sabednierod arian CvenSi imisTana pirnic, romelTac Cvenzed ukeT ician, rom
vinc SeniSnavs marTlad sxvis naklulovanebas, SeiZleba masve undodes gasworeba
da sikeTe misi. rac ufro mkafiod da daundoblad aris gamoTqmuli boroteba da
naklulovaneba cxovrebisa, zogjer miT ufro sCans gamomTqmelis gulis simxurvale,
mouTmeneli, cxari wadili gasworebisa. visac Zalian sZuls boroteba, mas Zalian
eyvareba keTili _ eg aSkaraa. tyuilad ki ar aris naTqvami es leqsi:
Cemzed amboben : `is qarTvlisas sicudes ambobs,
Cven WuWys ar malavs _ eg xom cxadi siZulvilia!~
briyvni amboben; kargi guli ki maSinve hgrZnobs
am siZulvilSi raodenic siyvarulia.
oRond xelovneba ar gadascdes Tavis sakuTar kanonebsa da mecniereba _
WeSmaritebasa, da dae, arc erTi da arc meore nu moerideba imis
gamoaSkaravebas, gankicxvas, rac CvenSi sakicxavia da cudi. dae orivem iaron
cxovrebis mdinareSi, monaxon margalitebi da Tu imaT amokrefaSi lafi da leqi Tan
amohyveba, ra vuyoT? lafi CamovirecxoT, WuWyi moviSoroT, rom mxolod
margalitebi dagvrCes Cvenis cxovrebis sasaxelod.
mogvitevos mkiTxvelma, rom mecniereba da xelovneba _ eg udidesni saganni
_ ise, gakvriT movixsenieT am statiaSi. Cveni survili is iyo, rom gveCvenebina ara
maTi sruli arsebiTi viTareba, romelzedac Cvens `moambes~ kidevac bevrjer
Sexvdeba SemdgomSiac lapraki, aramed marto maTi daniSnuleba, e. i. rom igini,
Cvenis fiqriT, arian mxolod RonisZiebani, romelnic gviSvelian cxovrebis sibnelidam
sinaTleSi gamoyvanasa. cxovreba, mecniereba da xelovneba, romelnic yovel
Jurnalsa Sig-mdebared arian, imodenad movixsenieT, ramodenadac saWironi iyvnen
imisaTvis, rom mkiTxvelTaTvis gveCvenebina mxolod is gza, romelzedac gaivlis
Cveni `moambe~. kidev vixdiT bodiSsa, Tu es statia metaforebiT savse eCvenos
mkiTxvelsa. Cveni cda marto is iyo, rom Cveni azri gagvegonebina mkiTxvelisaTvis,
amitomac yoveli RonisZieba movixmareT, rom eg agvesrulebina. Tu am statiam
magodeni SesZlos, Cven kmayofilni viqnebiT.
meti ar iqneba mokled ganvimeoroT is, raca vsTqviT am statiaSi. Cven
gvindoda gveCvenebina mkiTxvelTaTvis, rom cxovreba TviTrjulia, igi ar gamoiWreba
xolme kacisagan mogonil rikrikazed; rom Tumca igi berdeba, magram im siberis
gamocdilebiT isev Tavis-Tavad axldeba da hyvavis; rom mecniereba da xelovneba ar
arian mogonilni kacis Wkvis da gamoxatulobis arc varjiSobisagan da arc
varjiSobisaTvis; rom igini ibadebian cxovrebisagan da arseboben cxovrebisaTvis;
rom igini win midian cxovrebis viTarebisa gamo da mere Tavis rigzed TviTonve win
mihyavT cxovreba; rom rac magaTgan aris moyvanili cnobaSi da damtkicebuli, is
gadadis xalxSi da igi scvlis xalxis mdgomareobasa da cxovrebasa; mag damtkicebul
azrebis da cnobaebis gadasvlis gaadvileba Cvenis `moambis~ saqmea.
ramodenadac cnobierad da vrclad moekideba `moambe~ Tavis Znel saqmes,
ramodenadac miagnobs da Seatyobs cxovrebis majis cemasa da SeniSnavs im majis
mciredsa cvlilebasa, ramodenadac naTlad ganarCevs cxovrebisagan mogubebul
masalasa da TviTeul mis Semadgenels nivTsa sayovelTaod ganabrwyinebs
mecnierebis SuqiT da xelovnebis warmodgeniTa, imodenad igi pativcemuli iqneba
sazogadoebaSi da nayofieri cxovrebisaTvis. gza daniSnuli aqvs da arCeuli Cvens

10

`moambesa~. vnaxoT, rogor gaivlis! RmerTma ki mSvidobis da sikeTis mgzavroba

misces, RmerTma moapovebinos mravali TanamSromeli, rom Cvenis qveynis da
xalxis siyvarulis saxeliTa Zmurad urTierTs mxari miscen da ar daiviwyon, rom xalxi
dabali, Tu maRali _ yvela moyvasia Cveni, SeZlebisamebr yvelam unda vuSveloT...
Tu xalxi marTla moyvasia, rusTaveli gvaswavlis, moyvass rogorc unda moeqces
kaci:
`xams moyvasi moyvasisTvis sicocxlisa ar damridad,
guli misces gulisaTvis, siyvaruli gzad da xidad~.
[1862w.]
pirvelnabeWdi _ `saqarTvelos moambe~, 1863, #1.

ilia WavWavaZe
zogierTi ram
11

`TqmiT Wmunva mainc Semcirdebis~.

gr. orbeliani.
I
raki Cvens Raribs literaturazed da exlandels mwerlobazed daiwyeb sadme
laparaksa, maSinve raRac modunebulis piris mTqnarebiTa da, TiTqo raRac
simzakvriT savses sixaruliTa, mogaxlian xolme: exlandels mwerlebs ena ar
uvargaTo.
mec, cotad Tu bevrad, amazed Tanaxma var, magram erTi es minda vikiTxo:
gvaqvs ki ena, rom viwunebT kidec?..
vici, am Cems, pirvel SexedviT usafuZvlo, kiTxvazed me bevri Tqvengani,
mkiTxvelo, masxarad amigdebs; magram aba, mkiTxvelo, Sen me yuri momigde:
me getyvi da Sen dalagebiT da auCqarebliv mismine. me winaTve vici, rom maszed,
rasac me vityvi, guli dageTanaRreba, aitkicebi da Seswuxdebi, magram Sen ki,
mkiTxvelo, iqneba is ar icode, rom TiTo sityvas, rasac es werili qveviT mogaxsenebs,
iqneba TiTo koSti sisxlic Tan amohyolodes. razed gaiWire saqmeo, metyvi Sen.
imisTvis, Cemo Zma, Tu dao, rom `TqmiT Wmunva mainc Semcirdebisa~-o, Cvenis
poetis ar iyos.
II
aiRebs beCavi qarTveli mwerali xelSi kalams Tu ara, maSinve gulamoskvniT
Sedgeba xolme da Tavis Tavsa hkiTxavs: vis unda velaparako, da sisxli ZarRvSi
gauSreba xolme. marTla-da, vis unda elaparakos? metyvian: yvelasao. diaR, kargi
da patiosani, magram Cven, qarTvelebs, sayovelTao ra gvaqvs, rom mweralma frTa
gaSalos da imazed ganaRvlos sayovelTao naRvliTa, anu galxinos sayovelTao lxiniTa?
qarTveloba xom ara ggonia sayovelTao salxinebeli da sanaRvlebeli? diaRac eg unda
iyos, magram sad aris qarTveli da qarTveloba? erTi es minda gkiTxo: varT-Ra
sadme? rogor Tu varT-Rao, Semomitev wyromiT. Tu Sen, Cemo mkiTxvelo,
adamianoba, kacuri-kacoba xelSi mCvrad ar gadagiqcevia, vici, rom am kiTxvazed
ZarRvi Cagwydeba; isic vici, ra tkivilic amogakvnesebs; magram esec unda icode.
rom balRamSi amovlebuls WeSmaritebasac vaJkacuri mosmena unda. riT ver gaige,
rom Cven ubedurni varT!.. yuri momigde.
III
patara dalagebiT rom daufiqrde im xavsmokidebuls gubes, romelsac Cven,
qveynis samasxaraod, cxovrebas veZaxiT, romelSiac Cven, raRac daudegaris
kmayofilebiT, vWyupalaobT, da romlidamac aTasi sxvadasxva-feri nakaduli iwriteba
cal-calke da sxvadasxva gziT midis, da `raodenadac erTmaneTzed Sorsa vals,
egoden dauZlurdebis~, _ am gubes rom TvalRia da auCqarebliv daakvirde, maSin
Senc CemTan amoikvneseb da ityvi: `varT-Rao!~
aCqarebuli kaci, is kaci, romelsac unda Savi fiqrebi Tavidan male moiSoros,
advilad gvipasuxebs Cven da gvetyvis: brmani yofilxarTo. es Cveni dedaqalaqi da es
Savis zRvidam kaspiis zRvamde gund-gundad morigebuli misi Svili _ soflebi,
qarTvelebi ar ariano, maS vin ariano. qalaqi iqneba deda iyos, soflebic iqneba misi
Svilebi iyvnen, magram saqme imaSia, rom dedis ZuZu gaSra da dedis ZuZus Svili
aRara swovs.
IV
qarTvelebi ar arian, maS ra ariano? arian Tavadni, aznaurni, mRvdelni,
vaWarni, glexni, Cinianni da uCinoni _ yvelani arian, da qarTveli ki arsad aris. Tavads
aznauri sZuls, aznaursa _ Tavadi, glexsa _ orive, nuTu eseni qarTvelni arian, erTis
dedis saqarTvelos ojaxis Svilni? Tavadis azri _ saTavadoa, aznauris _ saaznauro,
glexis _ saglexo, vaWris _ savaWro, nuTu eseni qarTvelni arian, erTs Teslzed
aRmosulni? Tavadis azri aznaurs ar uxdeba, aznaurisa _ Tavadsa, orivesi _ glexsa,
nuTu eseni qarTvelni arian, erTisa da igive xorcisa da sulisa nayofni da erTis dedis,
saqarTvelos ZuZuTi gazrdilni? es asomTavruli rom asomxedruls gzas uRobavs, es
Tavadi rom aznaurs zurgs uqcevs, aznauri _ Tavadsa, oriveni _ glexsa; es vaWari rom

12

samives erTnairis sixarbiTa swovs, nuTu eseni TviTeulad calke da yovelnive erTad
qarTveli hgonia visme! qarTveli sayovelTao saxelia da amaTSi ra aris sayovelTao. eg
TiTo-TiTod, erTis gawyvetilis jaWvis rgolebiviT rom cal-calke da Tav-Tavad davgoravT,
zogi aqeT, zogi iqiT, nuTu eg TviTeuli qarTveli hgonia visme!
Tqven me miCveneT is adgili, saca mag TviTeulis gzebi erTad iyreba sayovelTao
saqarTvelos sikeTisaTvis, maSin mec vityvi: qarTveli ager iq aris-meTqi. is saerTo
niSani miCveneT, saiTkenac TviTeulis Cvenganis Wkva, goneba, fiqri, grZnoba,
survili erTad, xalisianad da Seupovrad miiwevdes sayovelTao saqarTvelos
keTildReobisaTvis, maSin mec vityvi: qarTveli ager iq aris-meTqi. saerTo lxini
miCveneT, saerTo Wiri mainca, magram sad aris: Cemi lxini Seni lxini ar aris, Seni
Wiri Cemi Wiri ar aris. qarTveli sayovelTao saxelia da kidev amas gkiTxav:
sayovelTao ra gvaqvs? CvenSi aris: `me Tu Sen, Sen Tu me~, da oriveni erTad ki
arao.
aba daiZaxe: qarTvelo-Tqo, Tu Savis zRvidam moyolebuli kaspiis zRvamde
marto Rip-gadmogdebulis qarTvelis metma (e. i. goris mazraSi mcxovrebelma)
Semogxedos vinmem, da Tu gaWirda, iqneba kaxelmac Tavisi sxvili kiseri Senken
moiRrijos, sxvani ki yursac ar gaTxoveben, TiTqo amaT ar eZaxio, TiTqo isini ki
qarTvelebi ar ariano.
is SemkreblobiTi, didebuli erTiani azri, romelsac yoveli Cvengani qarTvelobaSi
unda xedavdes, is saxeli, romelic yvelas gverqva, dairRva, Cvenis gonebidam
amoSra, da qarTveli exla erTis kunWulis mcxovrebTa sakuTari kerZoobiTi saxeli-Ra
gaxda da ara saerTo, sayovelTao mTelis im xalxisa, romelic erTad tanjula, romelsac
qarTvelTa Sesisxlulis istoriis mZime uReli WirSi, Tu lxinSi, erTad Zmurad uwevnia,
romelsac erTisa da igive eniT WirSi uglovnia, lxinSi umxiarulnia, da romelic dResac
erTisa da igive eniT _ Tu arafers akeTebs _ Tavis moZmes mainc abezRebs
RmerTTanaca da kacTanaca.
V
imereli, guruli, megreli, qarTleli, kaxeli _ es cal-calked miTvisebuli,
kerZoobiTad miRebuli, ganmayofeli saxelebi, Cemis zemoxsenebulis sityvis cxadi
magaliTebia. magram metyvian: eg yvela xalxSi ariso. marTalia, magram ara egre
gulsaklavad, rogorc CvenSia. iq, sxva xalxSi, saca TviTeuls pirs Tavis
damokidebuleba Tavis xalxTan ar Seuwyvetia da sisxlSi da xorcSi gamjdari aqvs, iq
magisTana saxelebi SinaurobaSi ixmareba urTierTis gasarCevad da ara saqyvenod,
sagareod. marselSi mcxovrebeli francieli, rasakvirvelia, francielsve etyvis, marseleli
varo, magram ucxo qveynels ki etyvis, francieli varo. eg imas niSnavs, rom igi
SinaurobaSi marselelia da gareobaSi - francieli. ucxosaTvis erTi imaTgania, saca
yvelani amisaTvis cxovroben da yvelasaTvis TiTona cxovrobs. eg imas niSnavs, rom
Cemi Zala _ Cemi xalxis Zalaao, Cemi sikeTe _ Cemi xalxis sikeTeao, rom Cemi sisxli
yovels francielTan erTad duRso, yovelis francielis cxovrebis ZarRvi Cemis cxovrebis
ZarRviao, da Tu gindao, yovlis francielis avad da kargad myofobas Cems majazed
Seatyobo. eg imas niSnavs, rom Cemi wyena ucxosagan _ Cemi xalxis wyenaao, da
Cemi xalxis wyena _ Cemi sakuTari wyenaao.
CvenSi? eh, raRa giTxra mkiTxvelo! Senc kargad ici, rom qarTveli Cvenis tomis
saerTo saxeli aRar aris, aRarc Sina da aRarc gareT, arc maxloblisaTvis da arc
ucxosaTvis. imereli _ imerelia, guruli _ gurulia, megreli _ megrelia, qarTleli _
qarTlelia, da sul yvelani ki erTad qarTvelebi ar arian.
vai im xalxs, romelsac saerTo ZarRvi gauwyda; vai im qveyanas, saca saerTo
ZarRvSi sisxli gaSra, saca yvelaSi TiTo ar aris da TiToSi _ yvela, saca TviTeuli
yvelasaTvis ar hfiqrobs da yvela TviTeulisaTvis, saca `me~ xSiria, da `Cven~ _
iSviaTi!
VI
ganvTviTeuldiT, cal-calke daviSaleniT, aso-asod daviWeriT, da mag
ganTviTeulebam, cal-calkeobam yovelgan da yovels-ferSi is saqme gviyo, rac
ezopes zRaparSi TviTeuls wkeplas mouvida, erTad Znelad gadasamtvrevs. amis
Semdeg, rasakvirvelia, saerTo saxeli aRar SegvrCeboda, da aki aRar SegvrCa.

13

raki is didebuli qarTvelobis azri, is sayovelTao saxeli gonebidam gamogvecala, Cveni

goneba daifuya, suliT da xorciT davkuwmawdiT. goneba Cveni, rogorc yovelive
sagani, romelic daifuyeba, Segviviwrovda, dagvisustda da, rasakvirvelia, veRarafers
farTosa da dids azrs veRar daitevda, da ver zidavda am mizeziT yovelive azri, fiqri,
survili, grZnoba dagvinamcecda, gonebiTad, zneobiTad davpataravdiT. mas aqeT,
rasac ki xeli movkideT, veRar moveriveniT, rasac ki gonebis TvaliT davakvirdiT,
gonebaSi ver davitieT; aviReT yoveli igi da davanakuweT, imodena namcecebad
vaqcieT, ramodenis zidvasac TviTeulis Cvenganis Rone SesZlebda, radganac mTelis
zidvisaTvis saerTo mxari aRara gvqonda. zemoT vsTqvi, rom erTiani saxeli mTelis
Cvenis xalxobisa xuT, Tu eqvs naWrad davyaviT-meTqi! gonebam Cvenma erTiani,
mTliani azri im saxelisa veRar daitiva, ver zida, aiRo da is saxeli da misi azri xalxis
mcire nawils daarqva. am-rigad sityvas: qarTvels, romelsac sazogado mniSvneloba
hqonda, kerZoobiTi mniSvneloba mieca. sityvas: mamulsac - eg saqme daemarTa.
VII
mamuli!.. am sityvis yovlad-mpyrobeli mniSvneloba vrcelia da farTo. iq, saca
xalxoba darRveuli ar aris da ganTviTeuleba _ eg WirTaWiri ara mefobs, iq mag sityvis
azri cxovrebis mimniWebeli sulia, mTelis xalxis erTiani majis erTiani ZarRvia. iq mag
sityvis xsenebazed TviTeulsa - mTelis xalxisa da mTels xalxs _ TviTeulisa Wiri da lxini
warmoudgeba xolme. iq mag sityvis xsenebazed didi da patara, qali da kaci Tavis
qveynis naRveliTa naRvlobs, lxeniTa lxinobs, dReobiTa da didebiTa - dResaswaulobs.
iq mag sityvaSi yovelia, da yovelSi yvela aris.
CvenSi? CvenSiac mag sityvas mageTi mniSvneloba hqonia Turme. ici rodis?
roca Cemi `me~ da Seni `me~ Cvenis erTianis xalxis cxovrebis sayevarSi erTad
bmula.
axlao, mkiTxav, mkiTxvelo? nuTu magas kiTxva-Ra unda? gana Sen TviTon ar
ici, rom exla eg didebuli sityva TviTeulis Cvenganis gaTavTavebuls uZravs qonebasa
niSnavs da ara mTelis xalxis samSoblos, _ binasa, romelic qvisa da kiris magier
Cvenis mama-papis sisxliTa da ZvlebiT damyarebulia. sadRaa mamuli? xorcis
dauZlurebas sulis dauZlurebac zed mosdevs: ganvTviTeuldiT, da ramodenadac
TviTeuli Cvengani mTels qarTvelobazed uZluria da patara, imodenad TviTeulis
Cvenganis azri sayovelTao saganzed dauZlurda, dapataravda. Cvens dafuyebuls da
Seviwroebuls gonebas sadRa SeeZlo eqonia is vrceli da didebuli azri didebuli
sityvisa? mamulis xsenebazed exlandels qondris-kacs Tavisi nexvdayrili saxnavi
miwa warmoudgeba xolme; mamulisaTvis brZola exla sasamarTloSi Setanili Rerbian
qaRaldzed sadavo saCivaria; mamulisaTvis Zlevamosiloba _ mogebulis saqmis
ganaCenis piria, jerovanad Semowmebuli; mamulis simagre _ tyruSuli Robea, venax
gareSemo Semortymuli; mamulis pativi _ nexvia, saxnav miwazed sasuqad dayrili;
mamulis-Sviloba _ mxvnelisa da mTesvelis saxeliRaa.
VIII
zRva kovziT ar dailevao, naTqvamia, ai Tu ar daileva, sad aris mamulis yovladmpyrobeli, vrceli, frTagasaSleli mniSvneloba?
ganvimeoreb, ganvTviTeuldiT, da TviTeulis zurgma veRar zida is didi azri
mamulisa, romelic yvelasaTvis advilad sazidia. TviTeulobiT tvini amoSra, Seviwrovda
da mag sityvis didi mniSvneloba veRar itvirTa. raRa unda gveqna amis Semdeg?
aviReT da mTeli mamuli, erTiani Cveni bina davyaviT, gavinamceceT TviTeulis donis
kvalobazed ase, rom zidvac SesaZlo yofiliyo Cvenis qondris-kacobisaTvis da
dapataravebuls tvinSiac moTavsebuliyo. davaqcieT Cveni didi erTiani samSoblo
ojaxi, romlis boZad iyo erTiani mxari mTelis qarTvelobisa, da mis naSTis
namtvrevebisagan patar-patara xuxulebi avaSeneT, romelsac sazogado saxeli
"mamuli" davarqviT da romelSiac Cvenc davetiveniT, da Cveni amomSralis tvinis da
gonebis azric davtiveT; davaqcieT mamaTa CvenTa samare, SvilTa CvenTa akvani;
didi "mamuli" davSaleT, patarebi gavikeTe, da aqac gavamarTleT Cvenis rusTavelis
sityva: yoveli msgavsi msgavssa Sobso.
TviTeulman Cvenganman Tavisi xvedri, didis `mamulis~ naSTi, TavTavad
SemoiRoba; im SemoRobilSi TviTeulman Cvenganman Tavisi sakuTari qveyana

14

aiSena da sazogado saxeli `mamuli~ Tavis kerZo mamuls daarqva da Tqva: Tu me

ar viqnebio, qva-qvazedac nu iqnebao. am saxiT TviTeuli Cvengani Tavis
SemoRobilSi Seiketa, Tavisi sakuTari Wiri da lxini aiCina; da rom TviTeulman
Cvenganman saerTo saqmes Tvali moaSora da goneba Tavisi saerTo saganzed aRar
avarjiSa. is gonebac ise daubrmavda, rom igi Tavis qonebis Robis iqiT veRar
gadaucilebia, rom Tavis moZmes gaexmauros mainca.
IX
exla, Cemo mkiTxvelo, Sen Sens kerZo mamulzed swuxar da stiri, me Cems
kerZo mamulzeda, yvelas gacalkevebuli, sakuTari da kerZo naRveli gvaqvs, rogorRa
mivuyenebT erTmaneTs azrsa? radganac viciT, rom veRar mivuyenebT erTmaneTs
azrsa, amitomac salaparakodac aRar SevyrilvarT. an salaparakod riRasTvis unda
SevyriliyaviT? laparaki azris aReb-micemobaa. me ra maqvs SenTan saerTo, rom
erTad gveazrna, saerTo azris aReb-micemoba gagvewiva.. raki Sen imerloba dairqvi
da me kaxeloba, me SenTan salaparako aRara maqvs-ra da Sen - CemTan; raki Sen
Sens saxnavs miwas da erTob Sens uZravs qonebas Seni mamuli daarqvi da me
Cemsas - Cemi, me SenTan saerTo mosafiqrebeli aRara maqvs-ra, da Sen CemTana. amitomac davSordiT Cven erTmaneTsa, Sen iqiT waxvel da me aqeT
wamovedi, da mas aqeT me da Sen erTad aRar gvilaparaknia. didi xnis
ulaparakobam, rogorc azriT, ise sityviTac, erTmaneTs dagvaSora. erTierTmaneTis
sityvas yuri gadavaCvieT: Sen Cemi sityva an sul ar gesmis, da Tu gesmis,
Seneburad gesmis, me kidev Seni sityva Cemeburad mesmis. amitomac qarTveli
veRaravis gvicvnia, Tumca ki yvelani qarTulad vlaparakobT. raT moxda ese? imitom
moxda, rom Cven yovelsferSi gavTav-TavdiT, azri da yoveli sagani gaviTavTaveT da
sityvac, romelic marto azrisa da sagnis niSania, gaTav-Tavda. amitomac Cveni ena
kiloiani gaxda, igaviani, orpiri Seiqmna ase, rom erT da igive sityvas mravalgvari
azri mieca. aba ra giTxra imisTana, rom Sen kilo ar gamoaba? miirTvic rom giTxra,
am kargs darbaislurs sityvas, Tu moindomeb, cudad CamomarTmev, Tu nametnavad
zogierTa kacis gulis garyvnilebaSi Senc wili Cagidvia. SemobrZandi rom miTxra, xom
kai sityvaa, eg Cemzed hkidia, sawyenad miviRo, Tu salxenad. ai aq `hkidia~
vixmare da Senc aTasjer xmarob, magram vSiSob, rom mag sityvas erTma briyvma
vinme Tavisis wamxdarisa da garyvnilis gonebis azri ar miaweros.
X
sadRa aris exla qarTuli ena? an gvindaRa qarTuli, roca Cven TiTon Cvenda
dasaRupavad qarTvelobazed xeli aviReT? gonebiT rom aRar vscxovrobT, qarTuls
enas azrs rogorRa gamoaTqmevinebT? erTobisaTvis rom aRara varT, erTnairs sityvis
mniSvnelobas rogor movsTxovT Cvens enasa? Tund rom Cvens enas da sityvas azric
gamoaTqmevinoT, vis rad gindaT, enas azrs vinRa sTxovs? Cven TiTon davcalierdiT
gudafSutasaviT, calieri sityvebiRa gvinda, calieri xmebi, rom enam pirSi iStvinos da
yurma ZarRvi ifxanos. sxva risTvis gvinda ena? saerTo saxeli q a r T v e l i
kerZoobiTad gavxadeT, m a m u l i danexvil nafuZvrad gardavaqcieT, p a t i v i _
nexvad, T a v i _ gograd, da Cveni uadamianoba iqamdin miviyvaneT, rom kaci kacs
aRar niSnavs, Tu zed k a c u r i ar davumateT, da mis Semdeg kidev gindaT, rom
ena gvqondes?
XI
Cven rom erTi-erTmaneTs gadudeqiT, Tavi SeviketeT Cvens patara xuxulaebSi
da erTi-erTmaneTs aRar gavelaparakeniT, rasakvirvelia enac dagvimunjdeboda da
dagvikoWldeboda. metyvelebis niWs iseTi varjiSoba unda, rogorc yvelafers sxvas.
metyvelebis wyaro azria da azris wyaro gonebiTi cxovrebaa. Cven gankerZovebis
Semdeg gonebiTad aRar gvicxovria da radganac enas mainc pirSi tokva undoda
Cveulebisamebr, aviReT da uazro xmebi, romelic Cveni xuxulaebis gareSemo
pirutyvis bunebaSi ismoda, enis salaqlaqo qarTul sityvebad vaqcieT, da madloba
RmerTsa, dRevandlamde am-gvaris sityvebiT iolad mivdivarT. amitomac pirutyvbunebis xmis msgavsis sityvebiT aivso Cveni ena. da daxe, Tu erTi gonebiTi azris
mcveli sityva ematna. magaliTebi aTasia: friali, kriali, briali, priali, griali, qriali, Rriali,
Wriali, xrutuni, Rrutuni, srutuni, wrutuni, Jrutuni, frutuni, da aTasi amisTaniT aivso

15

azrmoklebuli, uniadago Cveni ubeduri ena. sadRaa qarTuli ena? qarTveloba gaTavTavda, mamuli _ agreTve, sadRa gaibas qarTulma enam Tavisi fesvi saerTo
azrianobisaTvis? kidev imas vityvi, rac zemoTa vsTqvi: me ra maqvs SenTan saerTo,
rom erTad gveazrna, rom erTmaneTis azris aReb-micemobisaTvis saerTo
mniSvnelobis sityva da ena Segveqmna? Sen SenTviso, me CemTviso, Zmebma
erTmaneTs vuTxariT, civad erTmaneTs Tavi davukariT, ucremlod Zma Zmas
gamovesalmeniT, ukanaskneli saerTo sityva `mSvidobiT~ ukanaskneladRa
vaxseneT, Sen iqiT waxvel da me aqeT, TviTeulad, Tav-Tavad, da vin icis, rodisRa
SevxvdebiT erTmaneTs, rom kidev Zmuri, erTiani, ganuyofeli qarTuli `gamarjveba~
miTxra Sen _ me, da me _ Sen, Cemo dakargulo Zmao, Tu dao!..
[1866-1876 w.]
pirvelnabeWdi _ `droeba~, 1876, #27.

ilia WavWavaZe
`iveriis~ winasityvaoba (I)
Jurnal-gazeTobaSi SemoRebulia erTi axirebuli Cveva. gamova axali gazeTi Tu
ara, misi redaqcia ucilo valad hracxs, pirvel nomerSive sazogadoebas auxsnas Tavisi
deda-azri, Tavisi mimarTuleba, aRnusxos yoveli is, riTac upirebs gazeTs sulis
Cadgmas da xorcis Sesxmasa. am Cveulebis ZalmomreobiT gazrdili sazogadoebac,
dainaxavs axal gazeTs Tu ara, guldajerebulia, rom pirvels nomerSive ipovis redaqciis
aRsarebas maszed, Tu ra azri da daniSnuleba aqvs am axals gazeTsa; ris Semotana
hsurs mwignobrobaSi, Tu cxovrebaSi; ra gzas, ra kvals daadgeba sazogado
cxovrebisagan movlinebulT saganTa gamoZiebaSi; ra TvaliT ganixilavs yovels mas,
rasac Cveni Tu sxvisi cxovreba Taviss daudgromels mimdinareobaSi aRmoaCens; ras
da rogor emsaxureba da bolos ras gvpirdeba da ras gviqadiso.
am Cveulebas Tvisi marTebuli da pativsadebi sabuTi aqvs. sazogadoebam,
rasakvirvelia, unda icodes, ra azris kacTan iWers saqmes, risa da viss mimdevars
unda aTxovis Tavisi yuradReba. magram yovels maszed, rac win movixsenieT,
pasuxis micema TiTqmis SeuZlebelia. Tund eg ar iyos, cota uxerxodac mogvaCnia.
am SemTxvevaSi pasuxad xom carieli litoni sityva unda iyos, _ da carieli sityva ra
Tamasuqia, nametnavad amisTana eWviT savse droSi. vina var, ra azrisa var, ra
saqmis dadgena minda, risTvis gamovdivar moedanzed, _ ese yvela imisTana
sagania, romelzedac saubari ver exerxeba kacsa. orSi erTi: kargs ityvis kaci _
trabaxobaSi CamoarTmeven, cuds ityvis kidev _ suleloba gamova, heinesi ar iyos.
arc erTi es Tviseba ise mimzidveli ar aris, rom kacma Tavi itkinos da im
zemoxsenebuls Cveulebas Tavidam bolomde mieces. gazeTis saqme droTa

16

mimdinareobisaa. dros davacaloT mis Tqma, ris molodinica aqvs mkiTxvels

redaqciisagan.
Cven dRes marto zogierTs Cvens azrs gamovsTqvamT maszed, Tu gazeTJurnaloba ra Ronea, ra Zala, ra far-xmalia adamianisaTvis calke da
sazogadoebisaTvis saerTod, ris uflebas aZlevs mas, vinc magis asparezzed gamova
da ra movaleobasa sdebs kisrad.
Jurnal-gazeToba aris erT-gvari nawili mwignobrobisa. rogorc mrTels
mwignobrobas, rogorc yovels gonebiTsa Zalas adamianisas da mis namoqmedars,
ise Jurnal-gazeTobas sagnad adamianis cxovreba aqvs. cxovreba daudgromels
duRilSia, fex-Seuferxebels moZraobaSia. igi Tvis duRilSi, Tvis mimdinareobaSi bevrs
rTuls saqmes da sagans wamogviyenebs xolme Tval-win. am saqmesa da sagans
garCeva unda, axsna da Tavisi adgilis mizomva. adamianis gonebiTi Zala, romelic
dRe mudam unda dastrialebdes cxovrebas, or-gvarad Seexeba am cxovrebisagan
aRmoCenils saqmesa da sagansa. pirveli, _ rogorc masalas, romlidamac
mecnierebiTsa Zalas adamianisas gamohyavs deda-azri (principi) da am dedaazrzed amyarebs mecnierebis Senobasa, saidamac es deda-azrni isev cxovrebaSi
unda gamovidnen. uamisod mecniereba uxmari ganZia, uqmis Wkuis uqmi
varjiSobaa. meore, rogorc wiladebs, romelTagan Semdgaria dRevandeli dRe, mis
Sinagan-garegani, erTis sityviT _ is haeri, romliTac dRes vsunTqavT, vcxovrobT da
vai-vvaglaxobT, Cven da Tqven, mkiTxvelo. ra RonisZiebaa imisTana, rom dRemudamis cxovrebisagan mogrovili masala mecnierebas uzidos da mecnierebidam
deda-azrni gadmoitanos cxovrebaSi? meores mxriT, ra saSualebaa imisTana, rom
dRe-mudamis cxovrebis av-kargianoba, viTareba gadixatos, gadisaxos?
mwignobroba erTob da Jurnal-gazeToba sakuTriv.
am-saxiT, Jurnal-gazeTobas orgvari daniSnuleba aqvs. erTis mxriT igi aris
Suamavali cxovrebasa da mecnierebas Soris, gamavrcelebeli kacobriobis WkuiT
mopovebulis, gamoZiebulis da aRiarebulis simarTlisa, WeSmaritebisa; meores mxriT
igi aris sarke sazogadoebis rTulis cxovrebisa, misi gonebiTis, zneobiTis moZraobisa.
masSi sCans da isaxeba yoveldRiuris azris miden-modena.
rogorc azrisa da codnis gamavrcelebeli, Jurnal-gazeToba warmogvidgens erTs
udides saswavlebels, romlis meoxebiTac unda aRorZindes, aRizardos, dafuZndes da
gamSvenierdes sazogadoebis azri da rwmena, grZnoba da gemovneba.
rogorc cxovrebis sarke, Jurnal-gazeToba warmogvidgens mas, raSiac unda
ixatebodes TviT sazogadoebis azri, grZnoba, survili cxovrebis sxvadasxva saganTa
Taobazed. ramodenadac igi amis amsrulebelia, imodenad igi sawyaoa sazogadoebis
gonebiTis, zneobiTis Zalisa da niWisa, imodenad igi sazomia cxovrebis
moTxovnilebisa da saWiroebisa, imodenad igi saSualebaa, romlis ZaliTac TviT
sazogadoeba Tvisis cxovrebis sadaves xelT ipyrobs da cxovrebis TviTrjuls denas
sakuTars Taosnobas umorCilebs.
am or-gvars daniSnulebas Jurnal-gazeTobisas erTi da igive feri ar adevs
sxvadasxva sazogadoebaSi, da erTsave da imave sazogadoebaSi sxvadasxva
istoriuls dros. aris dro da sazogadoeba, saca Jurnal-gazeToba, gansakuTrebiT Tu ara,
umTavresad mainc marto mas misdevs, rom aRzardos sazogadoebis Wkua da
goneba, gauwmindos azri da grZnoba, aaRorZinos sazogadoebis TviTmoqmedebiTi
Zali da xalisi TviTcnobisa. aris dro da sazogadoeba, sadac Jurnal-gazeToba
sazogadoebis gamWriaxobis, zneobiTis mxneobis da Taosnobis gamometyvelia,
asparezia sxvadasxva cxovrebis kavSirTa da ZalTa brZolisa. aris dro da
sazogadoeba, saca Jurnal-gazeToba da cxovreba da-ZmasaviT xeli-xels gayrilni
midian, Jurnal-gazeToba win miuZRvis cxovrebasa da gzas unaTebs, da cxovreba
kidev mwignobrobis moedansa Tavisis ukeTesis yvaviliTa hfens. aris kidev dro da
sazogadoebao, metyvi mkiTxvelo, saca Jurnal-gazeToba erTmaneTis lanZRva da
Trevaa. egec aris, Cvenda saubedurod, magram ra vuyoT, saca wvrilia, iqa wydeba
xolme. es veeba tani adamianis cxovrebisa ise rogor gadarCeba, rom droTa
brunvam sadme muwuki da iara ar auCinos.
es sxvadasxva-feroba Jurnal-gazeTobisa damokidebulia sxvadasxva
garemoebazed. im qveyanaSi, saca sazogadoebis TviTmoqmedebis Zala mileulia,

17

saca gonebiTi da zneobiTi niWi daZinebulia, iq, rasakvirvelia, mwignobroba erTob,

da Jurnal-gazeToba sakuTriv, Znelad Tu iqneba sazogadoebis azrisa da gunebis
gamomTqmeli. aq upirvelesi movaleoba Jurnal-gazeTobisa swavlisa da codnis
gavrceleba unda iyos, man fexi unda audgas TviTmoqmedebis Zalsa, man unda
aRadginos gonebiTi da zneobiTi niWi. im qveyanaSi-ki, saca TviTmoqmedebis Zali
sazogadoebisa aRorZinebulia, saca gonebiTi da zneobiTi niWi awarmoebs
cxovrebasa da mis gamo cxovreba duRs da sCqefs, _ iq Jurnal-gazeToba azris aRebmicemobaa, iq imis amomZaxelia, rasac CasZaxebs sazogado azrTa dena, Setakeba
da brZola.
xolo amas ki davumatebT, anu, ukeT vsTqvaT, ganvimeorebT, rom cxovreba,
rac unda uZluri, mimkvdari da uRono iyos, imodenad Rirs-SesaniSnavi ram aris, rom
Jurnal-gazeTobas ar SeuZlian Tvis erTgvars daniSnulebas ahyves da cxovrebas Tvali
da yuri ar aTxovos. rogoric unda iyves cxovreba, Zlieri Tu uZluri, maRali Tu mdabali,
Jurnal-gazeTma usaTuod unda Tvali daakvirvos, unda Seiswavlos, unda ganmartos.
imitom, rom adamianebi gana marto mayurebelni arian cxovrebisa, aramed
moqmedni pirnica. cxovreba aris TviTon am pirTa qmnileba, am pirTa namoqmedari
da Wirnaxuli. rasakvirvelia, moWirnaxulem unda icodes Tvisi namoqmedaris
avkargianoba, Tviseba. amisaTvis yovel sagans, yovels movlenas cxovrebisas, avs
Tu kargs, dids Tu mcires, Jurnal-gazeTobam unda miaqcios jerovani yuradReba da
SeZlebisamebr unda misces sastiks garCevas, ganmartebas Tavisis rwmenisa,
azrisa da codnis dakvalad. am SemTxvevaSi mZime saqmezed eqneba laparaki, Tu
umcires saganzed _ yovelgan da yovelsferSi Jurnal-gazeTma uaRresi da upirvelesi
mniSvneloba unda misces im ideas, im deda-azrs, romliTac TiTon suldgmulobs, im
gonebiTs mxedvelobas, romliTac TviT uyurebs sagansa.
zemoxsenebuli azrebi rom Cvens sazogadoebas da Cvens mwignobrobas
mivmarToT, advilad gamosacnobia, ra gza unda amoirCios CvenSi Jurnalma Tu
gazeTma.
samecniero cnobaTa gadmotana da gavrceleba sazogadoebaSi, Cvenisa da
ucxo xalxTa cxovrebis dakvirveba da ganmarteba, _ ai raSi mdgomareobs Cvenis
gazeTis programa.
drom gamoaCinos, ramodenad SevZlebT im saqmes, romlis kisrad aReba Cven
dRes gavbedeT.
radganac Jurnal-gazeTi adamianis yofa-cxovrebaSi unda moqmedobdes da im
yofa-cxovrebis sakeTilod iRvwodes, amis gamo adamiani, calke _ rogorc kerZo piri
da erTad _ rogorc sazogadoeba, xelSeuxeblad ver gadurCeba gazeTsa. im gazeTs Tu
Jurnals, romelsac aqvs Tvisis Rirsebis cnoba, Tvisi pativiscema da Tvisi keTilSobiluri
Tavmowoneba, igi imave RirsebiT, imave pativiscemiT unda moeqces yovels kerZo
pirs da yovels sazogadoebas. eg pativiscema kerZo pirisa da sazogadoebisa dedakanonad unda hqondes yovels rigians da marTebuls Jurnals Tu gazeTsa. xolo
pativiscema imaSi ki ar unda mdgomareobdes, rom adamiani adamians
pirmoTneobiT unda eqceodes. eg adamianis pativiscema ki ara, eg Seuracxyofa
iqneba. cudia, Tavis mecnierebis Semaginebelia, adamianis moRalatea is eqimi,
romelic sneuls uebars wamals ar asmevs marto imis gamo, rom mwareao. ara,
WeSmariti pativiscema is aris, rom pirSi, gulaxdilad, adamianma adamians marTali
sityva uTxras. ise uTxras, rom ar Seuginos, ar Seuracxhyos misi adamianoba, misi
kacobriuli grZnoba, Rirseba da pativi, ar daurRvios is Zvirfasi da ukeTesi zneobiTi
kanoni, romelic kacs kacada hqmnis da romlis meoxebiTac igi Tavis-Tavs kacad
hscnobs da aRiarebs.
sxva ra uflebaa adamianisa imazed ucilo, imazed sanatreli, imazed wminda da
uZvirfasesi, rom kacma kacisagan pativiscema, Rirseulad da marTebulad moqceva
iTxovos? sxva ris meoxed unda iyos mwignobroba saerTod, Tu ar adamianis uflebis
Semnatred, mwed da mosarCeled? sxva riT aris adamiani sxva cxovelzed win
wamomdgari, Tu ar zneobiTis kanoniT, rom mec kaci var, Senc kaci xar, erTmaneTis
pativiscema gvmarTebso?
Znelia ese yovelisferi, Cveno mkiTxvelo, magram mag siZneleSia is sawyaoc,
romliTac unda aiwyos gazeTis Rirseba da romliTac Sen unda miuwyo misTa

18

moRvaweTa Seni guliTadi TanagrZnoba, Seni piruTvneli pativiscema da Seni uangaro

siyvaruli.
3 marti. 1877 weli.
Tbilisi
pirvelnabeWdi _ `iveria~, 1877, #1

ilia WavWavaZe
osmalos saqarTvelo
yoveli eri Tavisis istoriiT suldgmulobs. igia saganZe, saca eri poulobs Tavisis
sulis Rones, Tvisis sulis bgeras, Tvis zneobiTs da gonebiTs aRmatebulebas, Tvis
vinaobas, Tvis Tvisebas. Cvenis fiqriT, arc erToba enisa, arc erToba sarwmunoebisa
da gvartomobisa ise ar SeamsWvalebs xolme adamians erTmaneTTan, rogorc
erToba istoriisa. eri, erTis Rvawlis damdebi, erTs istoriul uRelSi bmuli, erTad
mebrZoli, erTsa da imave Wirsa da lxinSi gamotarebuli _ erTsulovnobiT, erTgulobiT,
Zlieria. Tund droTa brunvas eri ganeyos, daerRvios, _ magram mainc rRveulTa Soris
idumali SemsWvaleba, idumali mimzidveloba imodenad sufevs, rom samyofia xolme
erTi raime SemTxveva, raTa ifeTqos, iWeqos daZinebulma istoriam da erTsulobam,
erTgulobam Tvisi Zlieri frTa gaSalos. am dReSi varT dRes Cvena da osmaleTis
saqarTvelo.
`iveriis~ warsul nomerSi moxsenebuls nawilebs osmalos saqarTvelosas didi
pativsacemi da saxelovani Rvawli miuZRvis Cvenis eris istoriaSi, didi Sroma
gauwevia, didi msxverpli moutania, mravali sisxli daunTxevia CvenTan erTad
saqarTvelos eris TviT-arsebobisaTvis. garda imisa, rom Cven varT erTis sisxlisa da
xorcisani, erTisa da imave eniT molaparakeni, erTi istoriaca gvqonia. odes bizantia,
sparseTi da osmalo am Cvens mSveniers qveyanas etanebodnen da urTierTs
ecilebodnen, maSin is saqarTvelos nawili, romelic dRes osmalos xelSia, medgrad
ibrZoda Cvenis sarwmunoebis, ganaTlebis, erT-mTavrobis dadginebisaTvis da maTda
da CvenTa sasaxelod ZleviTac mosil iqmna.
sakvirvels medidurs sanaxaobas warmoadgens igi saqarTvelos istoriaSi,
rodesac saqarTvelo dayofil iyo wvril samTavroebad da erTi nawili sparseTis gavlenis
qveS imyofeboda, meore jer bizantiisa da merme osmalos zemoqmedebis qveS,
zemo qarTli, romelsac exla osmalos saqarTvelos vuwodebT, xan erTs nawils
miemxroboda, xan meores, da Tvisis momxreobiT ganaZlierebda qarTvelebs TviTarsebobis dasacvelad. maSin TiTqmis marto mas eWira Tavisufali droSa qarTvelTa
erTobisa.

19

pirvelad qristianobam iq, samcxe-klarjeTSi moikida fexi andria mociqulis

moZRvrebiTa, maSin, rodesac qarTl-kaxeTSi jer kidev kerp-msaxureba sufevda.
qristes aqeT pirvel saukuneSi aderki mefes (60 w.) undoda kerp-Tayvanebis
sarwmunoeba moefina da amisTvis saSineli brZola autexa samcxe-klarjeTs, magram
samcxe-klarjeTSi qristianoba aramc Tu moispo, piriqiT, ufro gavrcelda da
damkvidrda jer isev wminda ninos mosvlamde.
rodesac bizantiis da sparseTis Sua atyda SesaniSnavi brZola `lazikis~
Taobazed, maSin exlandeli osmalos saqarTvelo did saistorio asparezzed Seiqmna
maTTa Soris. sparseTi Zleul iqmna da igi nawili saqarTvelosi darCa bizantiis uflebis
qveS. Semdeg qarTl-kaxeTTan SeerTebis survilma aRmoiCina Tavi, magram
bizantiam dauSala da misca mxolod ufleba qarTveli kaTalikozi iyolion, `raTa
dasxdeboden kaTalikozad naTesavni qarTvelni da ara berZenni, da aqvndes
uaRresoba yovelTa eklesiaTa da mRvdel-mTavarTa zeda~. es moxda 586 w. qristes
Sobidan. amgvarad mTelis saqarTvelos erTobis wadils cotad Tu bevrad kmayofileba
mieca, sulierad mainc, Tu ar xorcielad. meeqvse saukunis dasasruls klarjeTis da
javaxeTis mTavari guaram kurapalati, bagrationis gvaris kaci, bizantiis SemweobiT
Seiqmna mefed qarTl-kaxeTisaca da amgvarad didi nawili saqarTvelosi SeerTda
saqarTvelosve exlandelis osmalos saqarTvelos SemweobiTa. Tumca amis Semdeg
isev dairRva saqarTvelo nawilebad, magram artanujis bagrationTa gvari gaZlierda
da amas mohyva mTelis saqarTvelosaTvis nayofieri da sakeTilo Sedegi.
rodesac arabebi saqarTveloSi Semovidnen da mahmadianobis gavrcelebas
cdilobdnen, exlandeli osmaleTis saqarTvelo qristianobisaTvis iRvwoda bagrationebis
meTaurobiTa da winamZRolobiTa. exlac darCenila mravali did-mSvenieri, Tlilis qviT
amoyvanili da mxatvrobiT Semkuli eklesiebi, im dros aRSenebuli. imave dros
samcxe-klarjeTis qarTvelni midiodnen saberZneTs swavlis misaRebad, naswavlni
modiodnen ukanve da hfendnen swavlasa saqarTvelos xalxTa Soris. im dros,
rodesac tfilssa da garSemo adgilebSi mahmadianobis gavrcelebas mecadineobdnen
Tavisi arabulis wignebis SuamavlobiTa, samcxe-klarjeTis qarTvelni saRmrTo da saero
wignebs qristianobisas hsTargmnidnen da qristianobis ganmtkicebisaTvis
awesebdnen monastrebsa, romlebSiac ymawvilebisaTvis saswavlebelT marTavdnen.
uwarCinebulesni mamani, saRmrTo-saerTo TxzulebaTa mweralni Cveni,
exlandelis osmalos saqarTvelos Svilni da mcxovrebni iyvnen. Cveni sasiqadulo
`vefxis-tyaosnis~ mTqmeli SoTa rusTaveli im mxris kaci iyo. rusTavis daba, romelsac
Tavis samSoblod ixseniebs rusTaveli, samcxe-saaTabagoSia. Cveni yofili cxovreba iq
aRyvavebula, Cvens sicocxles iq uCqefnia, Cvenis sulis Zlierebas iq aRumarTavs
Tvisi saxelganTqmuli droSa, TiTqmis igia Cvenis sulis aRmatebulebis akvani da
igivea samarec Cvenis yofilis adamianobisa. swavla, ganaTleba, mamulisaTvis
Tavgametebuli siyvaruli TiTqmis iqidam efineboda Cvens qveyanasa erTs dros.
bolos bagrationTa gvaris kaci mefe bagrat III gaZlierda imodenad, rom 1014 w.
SeaerTa sruliad saqarTvelo da Cveni qveyana Seiqmna Zlier da saxelovan.
exlandelma osmalos saqarTvelom im SeerTebisaTvis didi Rvawli dasdo Cvens
qveyanasa, didi sisxli daanTxia, didi qveloba gaswia.
Tamar mefis Semdeg, e. i. mas Jams, rodesac Cvenis qveynis erToba dairRva,
exlandels osmalos saqarTveloSi mflobelobda samcxis aTabagi, romelic axalcixeSi
mkvidrobda da igi adgili wodebuli iyo samcxe-saaTabagod. bizantiis imperiis
dapyrobis Semdeg osmalebma mravali Wiri miayenes samcxe-saaTabagosa, romlis
dapyrobasac Zlier etanebodnen da amisTvis qristianobis aRmofxvra undodaT.
magram 1625 wlamde samcxe-saaTabagos mTavrebs mtkiced epyraT qristianoba da
yovelTvis Tav-gawirulobiT, Tav-dadebiT ebrZodnen osmaloTa, ase rom osmalebma
vera daakles-ra verc sarwmunoebasa, verc qarTvelobis gvartomobasa, Tumca
mravali msxverpli ki Seawirvines. 1625 w. beqam mowamla Tavisi Zmiswuli,
ukanaskneli aTabagi manuCar, gadaudga qristianobas, qarTvelobas, miiRo or-TuRiani
faSoba osmaleTisagan samcxe-saaTabagoSi da saxelad dairqva safar-faSa. amis
gamo bevrni Tavadaznaurni da glexni gadaixvewnen qarTls, zogierTebs iq darCenilTa
miaRebines mahmadianoba, zogs ZaldatanebiT, zogs motyuebiT da macdurobiT;
samRvdeloni da episkopozni moswyvites, saydrebi dasZarcves da yoveli saRmTo-

20

saero wignebi cecxls misces. Cveni moZme qristiani xalxi darCa uwinamZRvrod,
umoZRvrod, ueklesiod da sasowarkveTili, mwared daCagruli, uwyalod devnili da
ganadgurebuli, nel-nelad mieca mahmadianobasa.
dResac ician iqaurma qarTvelebma, rom zogis deda, mama, papa jer kidev
maTs xsovnaSi qristianebi yofilan. amboben, rom iq zogierTi idumalad aRiarebs
qristianobasao, rom dResac aTisa Tu Tormetis wlis ymawvilebi saCvenoSi
gadmohyavT mosanaTlavad, zogi Cveneburad jvarsac iwers, osmalebis idumalad
Turme.
egreT, _ mZlavrobam, muxTlobam, Ralatma, SaviT mosilma saqarTvelos
bedma gangvaSora Cven Zmebi _ erTad sisxlis mRvrelni, erTad Rvawlis damdebni,
erTad tanjulni da erTad molxineni. didma Rvawlma bagrat mesamisam, daviT
aRmaSeneblisam, Tamar dedoflisam, uqmad Cauara amodenad tanjuls, bedisagan
devnuls, erTobisaTvis da qristianobisaTvis sisxl-daTxeulsa saqarTvelosa.
sarwmunoebis sxvadasxvaoba Cven ar gvaSinebs. qarTvelma, Tavisis
sarwmunoebisaTvis jvarcmulma, icis pativi sxvis sarwmunoebisac. amitomac Cvens
istoriaSi ar aris magaliTi, rom qarTvels survebiyos odesme sxvisi sarwmunoebis
daCagvra da devna. somexni, ebraelni, TviT mahmadiannica, Cvens Soris
mcxovrebni, amaSi Cven verafers ver wagvayvedreben. sxva qveynebSi
sarwmunoebisaTvis devnilni da Cagrulni aq, CvenSi, hpoulobdnen mSvidobis-myofel
savanesa da sinidisis Tavisuflebasa.
ar gvaSinebs meTqi Cven is garemoeba, rom Cvens Zmebs, osmalos
saqarTveloSi mcxovrebTa, dRes mahmadianis sarwmunoeba uWiravT, oRond
movides kvlav is bednieri dRe, rom Cven erTmaneTs kidev SevuerTdeT, erTmaneTi
viZmoT da qarTveli, Cvenda sasiqadulod, kvlav daumtkicebs qveyanasa, rom igi ar
erCis adamianis sinidiss da didi xnis ganSorebul Zmas Zmuradve SeiTvisebs, Tvis
patiosans da lmobiers gulzed Zmas Zmuradve miiyrdens TvalSi sixarulis cremlmoreuli qarTveli. da Tu amisaTvis saWiroa, rom sixarulis cremlis uwinares jer Cveni
sisxli daiRvaros, nuTu qarTveli uku-drkeba da Tavs ar Seswiravs mas, risTvisac ori
aTasi weliwadi Tavi uwiravs CvenTa didebulTa mama-papaTa.
[1877 w.]
pirvelnabeWdi _ `iveria~, 1877, #9.

21

ilia WavWavaZe
Sinauri mimoxilva. 1882 weli, ivnisi
yovelive wyobileba, romlis ZaliTac moqmedobs mTeli kacobrioba, imitom aris
SemoRebuli, rom adamiani, ramodenadac SesaZloa, bednieri iyos. adamiani calked
erTi susti da uRono danabadia; misi sulieri da xorcieli buneba isea agebuli, rom
calke yofniT, marto yofniT, veras-gziT ver miaRwevs bednierebasa. amitomac
iZulebul iqmna Tavis msgavs danabadTan erTad emoqmedna. am mizezma
imoqmeda, rom bolos adamianTagan Sesdga sazogadoeba da sazogadoebisagan _
saxelmwifo. droTa mimavlobaSi zogan saqme ise warimarTa, rom saxelmwifom
imZlavra da sruliad daimorCila sazogadoeba saerTod da adamiani calked, yvelaferi
TiTon moiTala da sazogadoeba da adamiani carielzed dasva. zogan sazogadoebam
Tvisi kuTvnili ufleba SeirCina da ar dauTmo saxelmwifos, da adamiani ki calked Tvis
yurmoWril ymad gaixada. zogan kidev, rogorc saxelmwifoSi sazogadoebas, ise
sazogadoebaSic calke adamians, anu ukeT vsTqvaT _ adamianis pirovnebas, Tavisi
sakuTari ufleba SerCa. ukeTesi ganwyobileba is aris, saca TviToeuls amaTgans Tavisi
kuTvnili adgili uWiravs, saca TviToeuli maTgani isea moTavsebuli, rom Tavis sruli
ufleba miwyuli aqvs. erTi uwmindesi da udidesi movaleoba da sagani yovel
sazogadod moqmed Zalisa saerTod da literaturisa calked _ is aris, rom am
yofamde miaRwevinos saxelmwifos, sazogadoebas da adamians da
erTmaneTSi TviToeuli maTgani srulis kuTvnilis uflebiT da movaleobiT
moaTavsos. amisTvis iRvwis da ibrZvis yovelgan ukeTesi warmomadgeneli
adamianisa. iq, amisTana saxelmwifoSi, garda saxelmwifosi _ TiTon sazogadoebac
Tvis mfarvelobis qveS ayenebs adamianis pirovnebis uflebasa da yovels
SemTxvevaSi esarCleba da eqomageba, Tu igi visganme usabuTod gaupatiurebulia
da xelSexebuli.
Cven am SemTxvevaSi ar gamovudgebiT pirvels ors sagans. Cven marto
imazed gvinda CamovagdoT sityva, rasac adamianis pirovnebis uflebas eZaxian da
amasac im mxares gavusinjavT, romelsac zneobiTi kuTvnileba adamianisa
Seadgens.
Cvenda samwuxarod, unda aRviaroT, rom am saganzed CvenSi dalagebulad
cnobili ara aris-ra da Cvens literaturasac is unda vusayveduroT, rom am mxriT
veraferi samsaxuri gauwia Cvens qveyanasa. rasac ki waswvda Cveni literatura,
yovelsfers sazogadoebis uflebis mixedviT miayena Suqi da adamianis pirovnebis
uflebis sarClad ara Tu xeli gasZra, aramed mis Sesaxeb erTi umsgavso da metad
cudi Cveuleba daiCema.
dRes-aqamomde adamiani, grZnoba adamianis Rirsebisa, adamianis
patiosneba, sinidisi da erTob yovelive _ rac ki Seadgens uZvirfasess zneobiTs

22

kuTvnilebas adamianisas, rac ukeTes nawils kacobriobisas imodenad did sagnad

miaCnia, rom misTvis sicocxlis gawirva TiTqmis kanonad aqvs aRiarebuli, Cven
swored mCvrad gagvixdia da ise veqceviT, rogorc fexis mtversa. aba aiReT
romelime naweri romelsame kaczed CvenSi, Tu im nawerSi yovelive es Seginebuli ar
iyos dausjelad, yovelive Rirseba adamianisa uaryofili ar iyos. am sazizRarma
Cveulebam am ukanasknel aTis-TxuTmetis wlis ganmavlobaSi moikida fexi CvenSi
da dRes-aqamomde ganukiTxvelad moqmedobs. miT ufro savalaloa es, rom misni
amyolni dRes-aqamomde qaduloben, rom axal-Taobis kacni varTo da wmindas saxels
axal-Taobisas da liberalobisas zed afareben am ukadriss saqcielsa.
roca kaczed vismezed sja da laparaki mogvindeba xolme, moqmedebas ki ar
vusinjavT; ara, amas Tavs vanebebT, sinidisSi, gulSi vcdilobT Caxedvasa da
iqaurobas vuqoTebT. ar aris arsad qveyana, rom amisTana saqciels aseTi sarbieli
hqondes, rogorc CvenSi aqvs, Cvenda samwuxarod. ufro samwuxaro is aris, rom am
saqcielis momqmedsa kari Ria aqvs Cvens Jurnal-gazeTobaSi da aqaoda kari Ria
ariso, visac ra moxvdeba, araxunebs moSlil wisqviliviT.
usabuTod gamolaSqreba kaczed, misi gaupatiureba, misis Rirsebis aqeT-iqiT
Treva, misis patiosnebis wabilweba da Telva, misis ganzraxvis, sinidisis da gulisnadebis Taviseburad Cxreka da aqoTeba _ ise gveadvileba aramc Tu Sinaurs
laparakSi, aramed sajarod Jurnal-gazeTobaSi, rom TiTqos bakla da ispanaxi iyos.
yovels Cvengans sxvisi guli, sxvisi sinidisi dauwerel qaRaldad miaCnia da rac qeifSi
mouva, zed imasa swers.
adamianis Rirseba, patiosneba, sinidisi misi zneobiTi da Zvirfasi kuTvnilebaa da
yovelive ese saxelmwifosagan, sazogadoebisagan da TviToeul adamianisagan
pativcemuli unda iyos, sruliad xelSeuxebeli, vidre cxadi, ucilo, utyuari sabuTi ar
gveqneba xelSi, rom igi mag kuTvnilebas sxvis savneblad xmarobs. WeSmarits
liberalobas es Zvirfasi kuTvnileba adamianis pirovnebisa didis asoebiT aqvs dawerili
Tavis droSazed. maSasadame, Cvenma axalma Taobam, Tu Tvisda sasaxelod
WeSmaritis liberalobis mimdevaria, egeve unda daiweros Tavis droSazed da
yovelive amis winaaRmdeg momqcevi zizRiT unda sdevnos. gverwmuneT, amiT
TiTon literaturas Tavis simaRlezed davayenebT da Cvens moqmedebas ufro advilad
ZleviT SevmosavT.
bevria CvenSi amisTana uwvrTneli, romelsac adamianis waramarad xseneba,
gaupatiureba, adamianis pirovnebis Segineba, aramc Tu samarcxvinod miaCnia,
aramed sasaxelodac, raRac vaJkacobad da guladobad hgoniaT, rom me esa da es
kaci gazeTSi gamovlanZReo. amasTanac qaduloben kidec, Cven axal-Taobis kacebi
varTo. bevri balRia CvenSi, am qadiliTa styuvdeba da baraqalas uTvlis adamianis
Rirsebis fexqveS mTelelsa. balRi imitom aris balRi, rom male styuvdeba, da is axalTaoba ki, romelzedac miqceulia mTeli Cveni sasoeba da romelsac ekuTvnis Cveni
mermisi, ese igi Cveni momavali, arasodes amiT ar unda motyuvdes. man unda
zurgi Seuqcios urcxvs moqadules da misi qadili zizRiT uarhyos. Tu unda axal-Taobas
Tvisi Rirseba daicvas, ese unda moiqces...

23

ilia WavWavaZe
daviT aRmaSenebeli
ar viciT, sxva rogora hfiqrobs da Cven ki ase gvgonia, rom eris dacema
da gaTaxsireba maSin iwyeba, roca eri, Tavis saubedurod, Tavis istorias
iviwyebs. rogorc kacad ar ixseneba is mawanwala bogana, visac aRar axsovs
_ vin aris, saidam modis da sad midis, isec erad saxsenebeli ar aris igi,
romelsac RmerTi gaswyromia da Tavisi istoria ar axsovs. ra aris istoria? igia
mTxrobeli misi Tu, _ rani viyaviT, rani varT da rad SesaZloa viyvneT
kvlavadac. istoria Tavis gulis ficarzed ibeWdavs marto sulisa da gulis
moZraobas erisas da am dabeWdviTa, rogorc sarke, gvaCvenebs im Rones da
sagzals, romelic momadlebuli aqvs ama Tu im ersa dRegrZelobisTvis da
gaZlierebisTvis.
ukeTesni da udidesni momqmedni erisa xom sxva ara arian-ra, Tu ar eris
gulis-nadebis da wyurvilis gamometyvelni da gamaxorcielebelni, romelnic
amis gamo TiTqo Semoqmedoben, TiTqo hqmnian istoriasa. amitomac es
amisTana momqmedni, vambobT Cven, dauviwyarni unda iyvnen, Tu ers
kidev eroba hsurs da dedamiwis zurgidam mtversaviT asagvelad ar
gadaudvia Tavi. daviwyeba amaTi _ sakuTaris vinaobis daviwyebaa, da Tu
kacs Tavisi vinaoba ar axsovs, riRas maqnisia? igi nadiria, romelsac, raki
dedis ZuZus mohSordeba, aRar axsovs Tavis mSobeli da sicocxlis
momniWebeli. garda imisa, rom am ukeTesTa da udidesTa momqmedTa
meoxebiT da RvawliT vcxovrobT dResa da vsuldgmulobT, amaT sxva
samsaxuric miuZRviT Cven-wina. isini cxoveli magaliTebia misi, Tu ra
simaRlemde SeuZlian ers ama Tu im garemoebaSi miaRwios. ramodenadac
did-bunebovania amisTana momqmedi, ramodenadac es did-bunebovneba
xSiria romlisame eris istoriaSi, imodenad ufro utyuari sawyao gvaqvs xelT
eris sikeTis, Zal-Ronis da SemZleobis awyvisaTvis. Tu guSin iyvnen Cemis
sisxlisa da xorcis didebulni da saxelovanni kacni, ra mizezia, rom xvalac ar
gamoCndnen, Tu garemoebis igiveobas vigulisxmebT.
garda imisa, rom am ukeTesTa da udidesTa momqmedTa meoxebiT da
RvawliT vcxovrobT dResa da vsuldgmulobT, amaT sxva mniSvnelobaca aqvT
erisaTvis. eri Tavis gmirebSi hpoulobs Tavis sulsa da gulsa, Tavis mwvrTnelsa,
Tavis Rones da SemZleobas, Tavis xatsa da magaliTs. amitomac igi zogs
imaTgans wmindanebis gvirgviniTa hmosavs da hloculobs, zogs didbunebovnebis SaravandediTa, da Tayvans-scems sasoebiT da madlobiTa,
amitomac saWiroa imaTi xsovna, imaTi dauviwyaroba.
CvenTvis, adamianebisaTvis, saWiroao, _ ambobs brZeni seneka, _
imisTana kaci, rom mis mixedviT da magaliTiT SeviZloT sakuTaris xasiaTis
gawvrTna da gamtkicebao. oh, ra bednieria igi, vinc aramc Tu CvenTan yofniT
gvwvrTnis Cven, aramed marto Tavisis saxelis xsenebiTacao.
24

amisTana bednieri daviT aRmaSenebelia saqarTvelos erisTvis. misi

micvalebis dRe 26 ianvaria (axali stiliT 8 Tebervali). xolo saqarTvelos eklesia,
romelic yovelTvis TavdadebiT hpatronobda Cvens ers da arasdros didebas
erisas daviwyebas ar aZlevda, 26 ianvars aqebs da adidebs saxelovans daviT
mefes, romelsac utyuarma ganaCenma erisam, eklesiis dalocviTa da
kurTxeviT, aRmaSeneblis saxeli daarqva saukuno saxseneblad. am marTla-da
didebulma mefem erTad mouyara Tavi qarTvelobas, aoxrebuli qveyana
aaSena, mteri gaufrTxo da gaufanta, da dRes Tu Cven Cvens binazed varT, _
es iqneba imisi Rvawli, imisi samsaxuric ufro iyos. dideba saxelsa missa!..
xolo daviT aRmaSenebeli sadidebelia Cvengan ara marto saxelovan
mefobiTa, aramed Tavis did-bunebovan kacobiTac. igi, Tavgadadebuli
moyvare Tavis erovnebisa da marTlmadidebelis sarwmunoebisa, didi
pativismcemeli iyo sxvis erovnebisac da sarwmunoebisa. amisTana
Semwynarebeli sxvisa maSin, rodesac igi yovlad-SemZlebel mbrZaneblad
Seiqmna sxvadasxva Teslis da sxvadasxva sarwmunoebis kacisa, amisTana
sxva eris Rirsebis Tayvanismcemeli im droSi, roca kaci kacs SesaWmeladac
ara hzogavda, amisTana kacTmoyvaruli pativiscema sxvis erovnebisa, sxvis
sarwmunoebisa, nuTu sakvirveli da saocari magaliTi ar aris meTormete
saukunis kacisagan!
meti-Ra did-bunebovaneba moeTxoveba gana meTormete saukunis kacs
maSin, roca dRes, mecxramete saukunis dasasruls, sakvirvelebad migvaCnia
gladstoni, rom irlandiis erovnobas da sarwmunoebas esarCleba imave
kacTmoyvareobiT, ra kacTmoyvareobiTac daviT aRmaSenebeli sxva ers
pativsa scemda! Cvens matianeebs Tavi davaneboT da vimowmoT sxva eris
mematianeni. isinic ki aRtacebiT ixsenieben daviT aRmaSenebels, rogorc
kacs, pativismcemels da Semwynarebels sxva erisas da sxva rjulisas.
somexi maTe edeseli ambobs: `daviT iyo wminda, keTilmsaxuri, savse
qvelmoqmedebiT da marTlmsajuli. daviTis garSemo ikribeboda danarCeni
somexTa naTesavi, romelTaTvis man daafuZna saqarTveloSi qalaqi gori,
sadac mravali eklesia da monasteri aaSena. miago Cvens naTesavs
yovelgvari nugeSis cema da Sveba~.
vardan didi wers: `daviTs araviTari siZulvili ara hqonda somxuris wirvalocvisa da eklesiisa: igi xSirad idrekda Tavs Cvens xelqveS da iTxovda Cvens
locva-kurTxevas~.
eg kidev araferi, rom daviT aRmaSenebeli ase eqceoda somxebs,
romelnic, rac unda iyos, qristianebi iyvnen da arian. did-bunebovani
kacTmoyvareoba daviT mefisa mahmadianebsac miefinaT, da miT ufro
brwyinvalea es ambavi, rom mahmadianebi TviT daviT mefisa da misis eris
sarwmunoebas erCodnen aRmosafxvrelad. _ mahmadianTa mwerali al-aini ai
rasa wers:
`daviTs sTxoves musulmanebma, rom qristianeT ara hqonodaT neba
musulmanebTan erTad Sesvlisa abanoSi da aRekrZalna giaurebisaTvis maTi
avad xseneba. daviTma yovelive es Txovna ausrula. daviTi Tavis Svilis
dimitriTurT yoveldRe dadioda umTavress meCeTSi, ismenda samefo locvas da
TviT yuranis kiTxvas. daviTi uxvad aZlevda fuls qatibs da mueZinebs. man
aaSena ucxo tomTaTvis qarvaslebi, da poetTaTvis, romelTac ulufas
uniSnavda. Tu vinme isurvebda tfilisis datovebas, gul-savsebiT xels upyrobda
da mgzavrobis RonisZiebas aZlevda fuliT. daviTi ufro mets pativsa-scemda
musulmanTa, vidre mTavarni musulmanTani~.
yovelive es didsulovneba da sulgrZeloba daviTisa maSin aris momxdari,
roca Zlevamosili igi mefe srulad gabatonda Tavis qveyanaSi da,
maSasadame, amisTana patiosani da ganaTlebuli qceva marto imis did25

bunebovan guls da gonebas unda mieweros da arafers sxvas. imas aRar

vambobT, rom sneulTa, uRonoTa da sapyarTaTvis daviTma aaSena
samkurnalo, TiTon xSirad dadioda am ubedurTa sanaxavad da mosakiTxavad.
ai es didebuli mefe _ ra didebul kacur-kacis saxesac mogvivlens Tval-win
da ra Tavmosawonebels sabuTs gvaZlevs xelTa. ai amisTana kacis xsenebaa
gamacocxlebeli erisa da amisTana kacis ar-xsovna momakvdinebel codvad
unda CaeTvalos ersa, romelmac igi hSva da Tavis ZuZuTi gamohzarda.
Cvenma damcvelma eklesiam es kargad icoda da amitomac 26 ianvari
dagviniSna, rom weliwadSi erTxel mainc gavixsenoT es qarTvelTaTvis
Tavmosawonebeli didebuli mefe, didebuli kaci.
kacs ori saxeli unda hqondeso, _ ambobs Cveni eri: _ erTi aq dasarCeni,
meore Tan wasayolio. es anderZi qarTvelisa ise aravis Seusrulebia, rogorc
daviT mefesa. aq aRmaSeneblis saxeli darCa, rogorc mefes, da iq, rogorc didbunebovanma kacma _ waiyola saxeli wmindanisa, didebis gvirgviniT
Semkobili.
pirvelnabeWdi _ gaz. iveria, 1888, 17.

26

ilia WavWavaZe
dimitri yifiani
kaci mohkvda an mohkles!.. ra iSviaTi ambavi es aris, rom didi da patara
SeiZras? ramdeni aTasi kaci hkvdeba yoveldRe, yovels saaTs, magram
mravlismravals yursac ar vaTxovebT xolme. vin ara hkvdeba? vin SehrCenia
am wuTisofels saukunod? adamiani sikvdilis Svilia, da Tu vinme kvdeba,
Tunda sxvisis xeliTac, aq ra aris ucnauri da sakvirveli?
Tumca esea, magram Znelad iqneba imisTana ubeduri, rom mkvdars
aravin mistirodes. xolo mravlismravals mistiris mxolod maxlobeli da
naTesavi, sxva ki cxedaris danaxvazed marto sibraluliT Sendobas Tu etyvis
da amiT aTavebs Tavis saqmes...
advilad misaxvedria, agvilad gamosacnobia _ raTa stiris guli, roca
maxlobeli, an naTesavi gvekargeba. aq mwuxarebas da glovas advilad
gamosarkvevi mizezi aqvs, rogorc yovels imas, rac kerZoobiTia, rac calke
adamians gansakuTrebiT Seexeba. sul sxvaa, roca guli gvtexs da gvikvnesis
imisTana kacis gamo, romelic sisxliT da xorciT Soreulia, romelic arc Cveni
sakuTari maxlobelia, arc Cveni sakuTari naTesavi.
dimitri yifianic sikvdilis Svili iyo, rogorc yvelani Cven. aq is gulgrili
filosofia, rom saaqaos saukunod aravin SerCeniao, ara gvyofnis, ara
gvkmaris. guli ar emorCileba am filosofiasa, Tavisas hTxoulobs, Tavisas
ambobs. aq meca vstiri, Tqvenca, sxvac, maxlobelic da naTesavic. raTa? ram
Segvyara erTad glovisa da mwuxarebisaTvis Soreulni da maxlobelni, ucxoni
da naTesavni? dimitri yifianis saxeli raTa scvlis mravlismravlis xvedrs marto
maxlobelTagan datirebisas. amas gamorkveva unda.
kacTa sazogadoeba Tavisis simkvidrisa, Seuryevelobisa da
arsebobisaTvis yovel calke adamianisagan iTxovs imodena saTnoebas, rom
naklebi SeuZlebeliRaa kacTa krebulad cxovrebisaTvis. igi gveubneba, Tu
erTmaneToba ginda, Tu krebulad yofna gsurs, ama da amazed naklebi
simarTle ar iqonio, ama da amazed nakleb gulmodgined da erTgulad ar
moekido Sens movaleobas, amazed naklebi TanagrZnoba, Tanaziaroba
erTmaneTobaSi ar daizaro, ama da amazed naklebi sayovelTao tvirTi ara
hzido, da mebrve sxva. am saxiT kacTa sazogadoeba, moqalaquri
erTmaneToba da yofa-cxovreba hkmarobs marto minimum-s saTnoebisas.
am minimum-zed, am xazzed dgoma yvelasaTvis savaldebuloa, xolo
SesaZloa adamiani am xazs Zirsac dascildes da ze ascildes kidec.
damcilebeli scodavs sazogadoebas da isjeba sazogadoebisaganve, radganac
am SemTxvevaSi dacileba danaSaulobaa. amitomac ardacilebas iTxovs
kacisagan sazogadoeba, viTarca movaleobas, da zeacilebas ki TviTeulis
nebazed stovebs. imitom, rom yovels kacs sruli neba aqvs, da SeubRalveli
nebac, es minimum-i saTnoebisa iqonios da ara meti. am xazzed zeacileba,
ese igi, am naklebis saTnoebis warmateba, gandideba, gaZliereba
movaleoba aRar aris kacisa: igi Rvawlia, gadametebuli samsaxuria,
msxverplia, gmirobaa.
am RvawlisaTvis, am msxverplisa da samsaxurisaTvis mravlismravali
kaci uRonoa. amisTana kacebis cxovrebas rom angariSi gavukeToT, gavTvalgamovTvaloT, an jamad araferi ara dadgeba-ra, an iSviaTis SemTxvevaSi
amaTis cxovrebis jami is iqneba, rom ara vcodeo, ese igi, xsenebuls xazzed
dabla ar daviwieo. exlandels droSi esec kargia, magram TviT exlandels
codvils droSiac amisTana kacis sikvdili yvelas guls ar SesZravs da ZaZiT ar
morTavs. borotis uqmneloba ki ar izidavs, ki ar gamsWvalavs adamianis guls,
27

aramed qmna madlisa. marto madlismyofelis winaSe adamiani uneblieT ixris

Tavs, iyris muxlsa da gancvifrebuli metyvelebs sityviT Tu usityvod qebasa da
didebasa. eg imitom, rom WeSmariti kacoba arqona codvisa ki ar aris,
aramed qonaa madlisa. kacuris kacobis niSani minimum-i saTnoeba ki ar aris,
romelic arcodvis samzRvaria, aramed maxsimum-i, romelic madlis samflobeloa
da saufliswulo.
didbunebovaneba kacisa imodenad maRalxarisxovania, ramodenadac
`arcodvis~ samzRvari ukan Sors daugdia da `madlis~ samzRvars
miaxloebia. am gziT waWarbebuli manZili erTaderTi sazomia didbunebovanis
kacisa, ese igi, imisTana kacisa, romelsac yvela, didi da patara, Tavisianad
hxadis, TavisiansaviT Sehxaris, TavisiansaviT hglovobs.
`rom me marTlada WeSmaritad bednieri viyo, saWiroa yvela sxva
suliernic bednierni iyvneno~, _ ambobs erTi mecnieri. madlis moedani da
sarbieli es aris. yoveli kaci bednierebisaTvis iRvwis, magram yovels kacs
miCneuli ara aqvs Tavis sakuTar bednierebad sxvisi bedniereba, anu, ukeT
vsTqvaT, Tavisi sakuTari bedniereba sxvis bednierebasTan ganuyofelad yovels
kacs ver gauerTebia.
am gaerTebisaTvis didis xidis gadebaa saWiro da amas didi Rone unda
sulisa, didi SeZleba gulisa, da yvela kacs ar moekiTxeba. visac ki eg Rone da
SeZleba aqvs, igi miT nawilia yvelasi, _ Cemic, Tqvenic da sxvisac, imitom,
rom igi Cems, Tqvens da sxvis bednierebaSi eZebs mxolod da hpoulobs Tavs
sakuTar bednierebas da, maSasadame, imisi bedniereba da ubedureba _
Cemi, Tqveni da sxvisi bedniereba da ubedureba unda iyos.
es iseTi Znelad gasadebi xidia, es iseTi mZime da ekliani gzaa, rom
TviTeuli biji Rvawlia da msxverpli, da radganac Rvawlia, radganac
msxverplia, amitom madlia, da radganac madlia, amitom gulTa mimzidvelia,
gammsWvalavia gaocebamde, gakvirvebamde. amisTana kaci mzesa hgavs,
romelsac brmac ki hgrZnobs, Tumca ara hxedavs.
roca amisTana kaci samudamod midis, TiTqo Cemi da Tqveni wiladxdomili sinaTle mzisa Tan miaqvso, TiTqo TviTeuli Cvengani grZnobs, rom Tan
Cemi, Tqveni nawili, Cemi, Tqveni bedniereba waiRo, TiTqo vgrZnobT, rom
amisTana kacTan erTad Cvens sakuTar bednierebasac vkargavT, da amis
Semdeg raRa sakvirvelia, rom mivtiriT am dakarguls bednierebasa...
...dimitri yifiani gardaicvala. xuTi aTas kacamde, nacnobi da ucnobi,
modis imis panaSvidzed, raTa sxvasTan erTad, erTkrebulad uTxras: ganisvene
marTalTa Tanao. didi, patara hglovobs da mwuxarebs. amis mnaxvels, yovels
amis msmenels, uneblieT gauelvebs fiqri: sCans es kaci... yofila ram; sCans,
risTvisme ucxovria; sCans, ram gaukeTebia, Torem dReSi ramdeni kaci
kvdeba, ratom sxvazed ar aris es ambavio.
aqedam didi saxtomi ar aris iqamde, rom kacma Tvali SigniT Caibrunos
da Tavs gulSi daiwyos imis pasuxis Zebna, Tu risTvisa var? ra gamikeTebia?
riT momigonos Cemma Semdegma? diax, amisTana magaliTi mogvivlens
xolme Tavis Tavis gankiTxvis dResa, gvwurTnis, gvaswavlis da gvzrdis.
pirvelnabeWdi _ `iveria~, 1887, #230.

ilia WavWavaZe
nino bagrationi

28

Cvenma sasiqadulo mRvdel-mTavarma gabriel episkoposma erTxel Tavis

saxelovan qadagebaSi brZana:
,,me TiTon ar minaxavs, xolo gamigonia sarwmunoTa kacTagan, romel erTs Zvels
ekklesiasa Sina kedelzed aris daxatuli yovlad-wmida RvTismSobeli da mis win sZevs
matyli, xelSi uWiravs tari da hqsovs matylsa. netamc Cemis TvaliT menaxa es xati!
maSin me gavicnobdi meoresa kerZosa saRmrToisa misis xasiaTisasa da udidessa
pativsa da krZalvasa misdami igrZnobda guli Cemi! ra kargi iqneboda, rom yovelsa
qalsa maradis hqondes winaSe TvalTa isreTi xati yovlad-wmidisa, rom erTkerZo
missa idges da Sescqerodes mas siyvarulis RimiliTa RvTaebrivi misi yrma, xolo TviT
mas xelSi epyras matyli da tari da saxesa zeda missa RvTaebrivsa kargiTa
xelovnebiTa iyos gamoyvanili is RvTaebrivi siwmide, simSvide da siyvaruli, TvalTa
Sina misTa brwyinvides is ufskruli gonierebisa da krZalulebisa, romelni waritaceben
kacis gulsa. esreTi xati iqneboda WeSmariti droSa, anu simbolo, ese igi niSani
yovelis qalis movaleobisa, Rirsebisa da mniSvnelobisa~.
,,ra kargi iqnebodao, _ brZanebs yovlad-samRvdelo rom yovelsa qalsa maradis
hqondes winaSe TvalTa isreTi xati yovlad-wmidisao~, _ ese igi imisTana xati, romelic
erTis mxriT warmoadgendes dedas mosiyvarules da meores mxriT _ dedakacs
mSromelsa da mxnes. kargi iqneboda, magram, Cvenda samwuxarod, sad aris egeTi
qali! dRevandels qals warmodgenili aqvs igi sasiqadulo xati ki ara, aramed samodo
suraTi qalisa, romelsac Tavzed adgia uSvelebeli koSki-Sliapa da naoW qveS
datanebuli aqvs ara nakleb uSvelebeli kurtan-tiurniri! ai dRevandelis qalis sasurveli
da sanatreli suraTi!.. simaRle Sliapisa da sidide tiurnirisa, _ ai igi niSani dRevandelis
qalis movaleobisa, Rirsebisa da mniSvnelobisa!..
Tu CvenSi sadme aris qali, romelsac cotad Tu bevrad Tval-win udga
mRvdelmTavrisagan ase mSvenivrad sityviT gamosaxuli xati, Tu sadme aris, _ isev
Cvens Zvels dedakacTa Soris. marTalia, im Zvel dedakacTa iqneba ar ician, rom
parizi safrangeTis dedaqalaqia da peterburgi axloa Tu Sors, magram ician ki ,,igi
movaleoba, Rirseba da mniSvneloba~, romelsac Cvenis qalebisaTvis ase
samarTlianad hnatrulobs Cveni brwyinvale episkoposi. yovelive es imodenad swavlis
Sedegi ar aris, ramodenad xasiaTis, Tvisebis gawvrTnilebisa da gamtkicebisa. am
xasiaTis, Tvisebis gawvrTnaSi Cvens Zvels ojaxs exlandeli skola ver Seedreba.
uwindels Cvens gawvrTnas codna aklda da exlandels codnas xasiaTis da Tvisebis
gawvrTna aklia. Tqma ar unda, rom ukeTesi ar iqneboda-ra, rom xasiaTis gawvrTnas
codna hqondes da codnas xasiaTis gawvrTna. ideali adamianis aRzrdisa am oris
saunjis erTad Seqsovaa. magram roca ar aris erTad Seqsovili, maSin TviT mkiTxveli
migvixvdes, am orSi romeli unda ufro amjobinos kacma.
rom marTla isev Cven ZvelTa dedakacTa Soris moipovebian iseTni gvamni,
rogorsac Cvenda sabednierod gvirCevs brwyinvaled ganaTlebuli gabriel episkoposi,
amis magaliTi iyo kneina nino, ivane bagration-muxranskis meuRle, dadianis asuli.
asuli samegrelos mTavrisa da meuRled dids ojaxSi Sesuli, igi marto amiT ar unda
ixseniebodes. didkacoba STamomavlobiTi, Tu meuRleobiTi, SemTxvevis saqmea.
amaSi TiTon adamians ara sakuTari Rvawli ara miuZRvis-ra, eg gangebis saqmea, da
amitomac adamians, rogorc kacs, eg sakuTar Rirsebad ar CaeTvleba. didi xania
Tqmuli:
,,Tu kaci TiTon ar varga,
cudia gvariSviloba~.
micvalebuli kneina nino iyo erTi imisTana iSviaTi dedakaci, romelmac igi hqmna,
rac Cvenis fiqriT, yvelazed Znelia adamianisaTvis: man ipova da aiCina sagani
Tavisis cxovrebisa. Zvelni filosofosni amtkicebdnen da axalnic emowmebian, rom
yvelazed Zneli adamianisaTvis Tavisis-Tavis cnoba, Tavisis-Tavis codna aris, ese igi,
icodes ris Zal-Ronis patronia da imis kvalobazed am wuTis-soflis sufrazed Tavisi
WeSmariti adgili daiWiros da cxovrebas adamianisas aqedam misces Tavisi
SemZlebeli mxari. Cven amazed Sorsac wavalT da vityviT, rom yvelazed Zneli
adamianisaTvis Tavisis cxovrebis sagnis povna da aCenaa. maRalis zneobis TvalTa
winaSe aq sawyaod kacuris-kacobisa imodenad TiTon sagnis siRrme da sidide ar
aris, ramdenadac sagnis sicxade da gamorkveuloba. marto goneba-maRals kacs

29

aqvs wyurvili cxovrebis sagnis aCenisa da marto goneba-maRals kacs SeuZlian

aRniSnos igi sagani mTelis Tavis sigrZe-siganiT ise, rom yovels Jams warmodgenili
hqondes, rogorc Tavisi xelisguli, arc gadaWarbebiT, arc daklebulad. aq sidide TiTon
sagnisa arafer SuaSia. qriste-RmerTma groSi Raribis dedakacisa sxvaze metad
Seiwira, imitom rom dedakacma gaiwira yoveli, raca hqonda. saqme maRal
zneobisa imaSia, rom adamianma is moitanos wuTis-soflis sufrazed, raca aqvs. vinc
marTlad aRniSnavs Taviss mosatans da ukleblad moitans, maszed iTqmis, rom ipova
sagani cxovrebisa da ganaxorciela kidec. amisTanani iSviaTni arian da am
iSviaTTagani iyo aw gardacvalebuli kneina nino bagration-muxranskisa.
igi saqme, igi sagani, romelsac didis gamarjvebiT da mxneobiT moaxmara man
mTeli Tavisi dauRalavi sicocxle, Sromaa. grafi tolstoi, romlis filosofiamac dRes
aayayana mTeli ruseTi, TiTqmis amave SromaSi hpoulobs sagans cxovrebisas.
magram kneina ninosa da tolstois Soris didi gansxvavebaa. pirveli marTla gamrjeli,
saqmiani, muSa dedakacia, SexorcTvisebuli aqvs igi sagani cxovrebisa ase, rom
meore bunebada aqvs Seqmnili. meore-ki ekekluceba mxolod am sagans
cxovrebisas, iwebebs garedam da ar SeixorcTvisebs. tolstoisaTvis eg sagani
cxovrebisa gamaZRaris, gulasuyebulis kacis uxiakoba, daJineba da nebivrobaa,
kneina ninosTvis-ki _ mis bunebis wyurvili, bunebis moTxovnileba iyo. tolstois rom
igi mis-mier axlad napovni sagani CamoaciloT, ara daakldeba ra, isev is iqneba, rac
aris; kneina ninosaTvis-ki rom CamogecalaT, CamoaclidiT TiTon sicocxlesac, imitom
rom sicocxle da sagani sicocxlisa erTi ganuyofeli arsi iyo erTisa da imave gvamisa,
rogorc suli da xorci.
amis mowame igia, rom kneina ninom, romelsac dabadebiTve bedma mianiWa
didi gvariSviloba, did ojaxis meuRleoba, SeZleba, didkacoba, da romelsac amisgamo yvelaferi hqonda, rom uqms gancxromaSi gaetarebina Tvisi sicocxle, yovelive
keTili ama qveynisa egemna da damtkbariyo, rogorc aTasni stkbebian, kneina
ninom, _ vambobT Cven, _ dasTmo yovelive es d aim ,,movaleobas, Rirsebas da
mniSvnelobas~ WeSmaritis dedakacisas Seswira, Sealia Tavisi sicocxle, romelsac
ixseniebs Tavis qadagebaSi gabriel episkoposi. dasTmo yovelive ese, wavida sofelSi
da dRe da Rame aTena, gaaswora SromiTa da mxneobiTa.
ramdeni erideba sofels, ufro xelmokle SeZlebiTa, ufro Raribi, da Tavis
gasamarTleblad is mohyavs, rom sofeli uferulia, kaci ver gasZlebs, gasarTobi ara
aris rao. man-ki, TiTqmis yovlisferis mqonem, rom qalaqis siamovneba yovelive xelT
egdo, ar ikadra, iucxova uqmad yofna, wavida soflad da Sromas, mxneobasa da
garjaSi ipova sagani cxovrebisa da am saganSi adamianis sakadrisi WeSmariti
sitkboeba da adamianis asamaRlebeli garTobaca. amisTana dedakacs
mowyenisaTvis mocla ara aqvs, igi yovelTvis garTulia da garTulia ise, rogorc hSvenis
RvTis msgavsebiT da saxiT dabadebuls adamians.
ai, didi sazogadoebrivi mniSvneloba. gardacvalebulisa! ai, magaliTi WeSmaritis
dedakacobisa da _ Tu gnebavT _ mamakacobisac. tyuilad ki ar miutires diRomSi
soflis dedakacebma da gamoTxovebis dros uTxres: ,,sad migvixval, qveynis
sasargeblo dedakacoo! saca Seni xeli miswvda, kldec ki ahyvavdao!~ marTalica
sTqves, magisTana adamianTagan Sendeba qveyana.
dasasrul, Cven imasve vityviT gardacvalebuls kneina ninozed, raca sTqva
solomon brZenma Tavis dedazed, misi mxneobiT gakvirvebulma:
,,igi aRsdgis RamiTgan da miscis sazrdeli saxleulTa da saqme mxevalTa;
,,man moirtya ZlierebiT weli Tvisi da daamtkicna mklavni Tvisni saqmesa zeda;
,,ixila gemo, rameTu keTil ars saqmed da ara daSrites sanTeli misi Rame yovel;
,,wyrTa Tvisi ganmarta sasargeblosa zeda, xolo nebsa Tvissa ganamtkicebs tarsa
zeda sTvad;
,,xelni Tvisni ganuxvna glexkacs, xolo nayofi miupyrna davrdomilsa~.
amisTana dedakacze sTqva bolos solomon brZenma, rom ,,dedakaci mxne vin
hpovos, uZvires ars qvisa mraval sasyidlisa~.
neta im qveyanas, romelsac hyavs mxne dedakacni!.
1886w.

30

pirvelnabeWdi _ `iveria~, 1886, #238.

aleqsandre roinaSvili
qarTvelebi vambobT xolme: vinc mokvda _ Tavsa moukvdao. marTalia,
bevri imisTana kvdeba CvenSi Tu sxvagan, romelic marTla marto Tavis-Tavs
ukvdeba. naTqvamia, igi araferSi vargao, vinc marto Tavis-TavisaTvis varga,
da amisTana sxvas vis ras moukvdeba, Tu ar marto Tavis-Tavsa.
es ar iTqmis imaze, vis saflavis winaSe 15 maiss, Cvenda samwuxarod,
videgiT, rom ukanasknelad da saukunod gamovTxovebodiT da saukunod
gansveneba gveTqva. aleqsandre roinaSvili Tavis-Tavs ki ar moukvda,
moukvda Tavis ers, moukvda qarTvelobas, romlis bedi da ubedoba Tavis
bedad da ubedobad gaixada da amis gare sxva sagani cxovrebisa ara
hqonia, rogorc exla sCans da rogorc gansvenebulma daamtkica mTelis Tavisis
cxovrebiT da Tavisis anderZiT.
31

ra iyo da vin iyo aleqsandre roinaSvili, rom misma uCinarma saxelma

imodena xalxi miizida miss saflavze ukanasknelis pativis-sacemlad, misis
gvamis gasapatiosneblad? iq iyo yvela wodebis kaci Tu qali, yvela xarisxisa,
yvela xelobisa, erTnairad mwuxare da mgloviare. mas ara hqonda arc didi
gvari, arc xarisxi ram saxelmwifo moxelisa, arc swavla, arc ara-ra imisTana
Tvalad gamosaCeni da garedam mikerebuli Rirseba. igi iyo ubralo glexkacis
Svili, Svili Raribis, Ratakis ojaxisa, umweo, unugeSo, uswavleli. vambobT,
uswavleli, Tumca skolaSiac yofila, magram imisTana skolaSi (voeni
kantonistebis skola), saca ufro mosalodnelia kacs goneba daexSos, vidre
gaexsnas da gauZlierdes. egre garedam xel-Seuwyobeli rogor gaxda
imisTana kacad, rom dRes misi dakleba qveynis dasaklisad migvaCnia?
saxeli da saqebi misi is aris, rom igi Tavisis Sinaganis RirsebiT gaxda
amisTana kacad, maSin, rodesac yovelive garemoculi garemoeba am
ulmobelis wuTisoflisa misi SemxuTavi da momwyvleli iyo. igi iyo mosili im
wminda madliTa, romelsac RmerTi aRirsebs xolme TvisTa rCeulTa da romliTac
kaci kacobs am qveyanaSi, miuxedavad imisa, glexia Tu Tavadi. igi iyo mxne,
gamrjeli da ukan-dauxeveli, raki saqmes aiCenda da xels Cahkidebda. man
araraisagan Sehqmna saqme, araraisagan SeiZina qoneba da Cven,
qarTvelebs, magaliTi gviCvena imisa, Tu ris SemZlebelia calke kaci, Tu
imxnevebs da gairjeba da ar SeuSindeba xel-Seuwyobels garemoebas.
magaliTi xom yvela qadagebaze Zlieria da mWevrmetyveli da ai magaliTi
Zleva-mosilobisa, roca garja da mxneoba ibrZvis da guli hgulobs adamianisa.
TviToeuli amisTana adamiani Zal-Rone da cixe-simagrea erisa, qveynisa,
da mis mier ganvlili, RvawliT daqnili gza mTeli skolaa da mwurTvnelia
yvelasi, visac-ki kacobisaTvis guli erCis. saca amisTanani gamrjelni da
mxneni arian, qveyana igi Zlieria da Ronieri suliTac da xorciTac. aravis
enatreba amisTana samagaliTo kacni, rogorc qarTvelobas, romelmac marto
wuwuni icis da ara saqmis aCena, saqmis gatana, saqmisaTvis brZola, omi
da Widili.
garjisa da mxneobis magaliTi xom Tavis-Tavadac kargia da saqebi,
magram gansvenebuli al. roinaSvili marto amiT ar aris Cven-mier saxsenebeli
da pativsacemi. mas gulSi ejda igi patiosani grZnoba, romelsac mamuliSvilur
siyvaruls eZaxian, romelic dedaa, mSobelia garjisa da mxneobisa da romelic
iqa hsadgurobs, saca ubryvilo, uangaro da patiosani gulia. am siyvarulis
sxivebiT gulgamTbari da gaZlierebuli igi iRvwoda, irjeboda, hSveloda obols,
qvrivsa, umweos, unugeSos, TiTon iklebda, zogs sxvas hmatebda, zogs
inaxavda, groSs groSze awebebda da bolos Tavisi naRvaw-naamagevi,
patiosani SromiT mogebuli, Taviss qveyanas miarTva: aha, SenTvis viRvawe,
viamage Cemis SeZlebisamebr da Cemi naRvaw-naamagevi Sen moixmare
Sens sadRegrZelodao.
aq gamosakiTxi is-ki ar aris, bevri Seswira Tavis qveyanas, Tu cota.
saqme imaSia, rom rac hqonda, sul mTlad Tavisis qveynis sakurTxevelze
dasdva Sesawirad. Sesawiravi iqneba didi ar iyos, magram didia guli, saca
amisTana siyvaruli qveynisa Casaxula da gazrdila, da sadidebeli miT ufroa,
rom igi guli umweo da unugeSo glexkacis guli iyo, romlis umaduri cxovreba
isea mowyobili am ulmobel qveyanaSi, rom Znelad Tu moiclis Tvis sakuTar
Wir-borots gare guli da xeli sxvas rasme miawvdinos, sxvaze rasmeze izrunos
da ifiqros. am Wir-borots qveynisas wauRia da wauSlia vin icis raodeni xalxi
da al. roinSvilma-ki sZlia am Wir-borotsa da Tvisi uCinari saxeli da gvari Rirssaxsenebeli gaxada Taviss qveyanaSi.
vinc TiTon moipovebs saxels, igi bevriT win aris imaze, visac saxeli
mama-papaTagan rCenia da rgebia. amitom aris Tqmuli, rom ufro sasaxeloa
32

kacma Tavisi gvariSviloba asaxelos, vidre saxelovanis gvariSvilobiT Tavs

iwonebdeso.
[1898]

ilia WavWavaZe
ra giTxraT, riT gagaxaroT?
aha, erTi kidev axali weliwadi!.. ra movulocoT Cvens Tavs, qarTvelno? ra
gvaqvs dRes sasurveli, rom davikveboT da SevirCinoT, ra gvaqvs xval sanatreli, rom
vinatroT da movilodinoT? ukan mivixedavT am axlo xanebSi da iseTi ara gvrCeba ra,
rom Tavi moviwonoT an nanviTa vTqvaT: hoi, wamo sixarulisav, ese swrafad sad
waxvedi! win viyurebiT da xvalindelis nislSi imisTana ara mosCans ra, rom guli gulis
adgilsave dagvrCes, an natvriT vTqvaT: movedin, dReo sixarulisao!
ra giTxraT, riT gagaxaroT?
nuTu iseve Zveleburadve Tavi unda dagikraT da mogaxsenoT: Semovdgi fexi,
gwyalobdeT RmerTi... sul wyaloba RvTisa da wyaloba RvTisa, erTxel Cven TviTonac
TiTi gavZraT. erTxel Cven TiTonac mivdgeT-movdgeT. wyaloba RvTisa kargia,
magram ra qmnas marto wyalobam, Tu RvTis mier nawyalobebs TiTon adamiani ara
hrwyavs, ara sxlavs, ara hfurCqnis, ar uvlis, ar hpatronobs. RmerTma, rac wyaloba
iyo, ukve moiRo Cvenze. danarCeni Tqven iciT da Tqvenma kacobamao. ra kacoba
gamoviCineT?
ra giTxraT? riT gagaxaroT?
CvenTvis RmerTs ara dauSavebia ra, ara dauzogvia ra, ara dauklia ra; Tu
qveyanaze erTi-ori kuTxea imisTana, rom kacs eTqmodes _ qriste RmerTma Tavisi
kalTa uxvebisa aq daibertyao, imaTSi ukanaskneli saqarTvelo ar aris. rac RvTis

33

SemZleobiT aris da ara kacisaTi, is yvelaferi ukve mogvmadla RmerTma. xelT

gviWiravs es mSvenieri qveyana, romlis mnaxavT SeuZliaT samarTlianad sTqvan:
sxva saqarTvelo sad aris, romeli kuTxe qveynisa. am samoTxe qveyanaSi marto
qarTvels ugubdeba suli, guli eleva, xorci adneba...
ra giTxraT? riT gagaxaroT?
tye-mindori, mTa-bari, miwa-wyali, hava-haeri imisTana gvaqvs, rom ra ginda
sulo da gulo ar moixveWo, ar iSovo, ar gamoiyeno. aq, Citis rZes rom ityvian, isic
iSoveba. oRond xeli gasZar, gaisarje, imxneve, mucelsa da gulis-Tqmas batonad nu
gaixdi. icode, dRes mZleTa mZlea garja, Sroma da naSromis gafrTxileba, Senaxva,
patronoba, gamozogva saWiroebisamebr da ara gaumaZRar survilisamebr. varT ki
aseTni?
ra giTxraT? riT gagaxaroT?
ra ar gadagvxdenia Tavs, ra mtrebi ar mogvsevian, ra vai-vaglaxi, ra sisxlis
Rvra, ra RrWena kbilTa ar gamogvivlia, ra wisqvilis qva ar datrialebula Cvens Tavzed
da yvelas gavuZeliT, yvelas gavumagrdiT. SevinaxeT Cveni Tavi, SevinarCuneT
Cveni qveyana, Cveni miwa-wyali. lang-Temurebma Cvens sakuTar sisxlSi gvbanes
da mainc davrCiT da gamovcocxldiT. Sah-abazebma Cvenis kbiliT gvaglejines Cveni
wvrilSvilni da mainc gamovbrundiT, movsulierdiT. aRa-mahmad-xanebma pirqve
dagvamxes, qva-qvazed ar dagviyenes, mogvsrnes, mogvJlites da mainc fexzed
wamovdeqiT. movSendiT, welSi gavswordiT. gavuZeliT saberZneTs, romsa,
monRolebs, arabebs, osmal-Turqebs, sparselebs, rjuliansa da urjulos da droSa
qarTvelebisa, Subis wveriT, isriT da tyviiT dafleTili, Cvens sisxlSi amovlebuli, xelSi
SevirCineT, aravis wavaRebineT. codva ar aris, es droSa axla CrCilma SesWamos,
Tagvma dagviWamos. dro-Jami amas gviqadis...
ra giTxraT? riT gagaxaroT?
qriste-RmerTi jvars ecva qveynisaTvis da Cvenc jvars vecviT qristesaTvis. am
patara saqarTvelos gadavuReReT mkerdi da am mkerdzed, rogorc kldezed,
davudgiT qristianobas saydari, qvad Cveni Zvlebi vixmareT da kirad Cveni sisxli. da
bWeTa jojoxeTisaTa ver Semusres igi. gavwydiT, gaviJliteniT, Tavi gaviwireT, colSvilni gavwireT, usworo omebi vasworeT, xorci miveciT sulisaTvis da erTma muWa
erma qristianoba SevinaxeT, ar gavaqreT am patara qveyanaSi, romelsac Cvens
samSoblos, Cvens mamuls _ samarTlianis TavmowonebiT veZaxiT. codva ar aris, es
eri moswydes; codva ar aris, es lomi koRom sabudrad gaixados, codva ar aris, melaturam gamoRrRnas, rogorc mZovari, rogorc leSi. raT? risTvis? vis ra viri movpareT?
ra giTxraT? riT gagaxaroT?
yvela es SevZeliT da sakiTxavad saWiroa _ ram SegvaZlebina? ram gvixsna?
jvarcmulni qristesTvis rogor gadavrCiT? wamebulni da sisxlmTxevelni mamulisaTvis
ramRa gvacocxla, ram gvasuliera? man, rom vicodiT _ im dros ra undoda, ra iyo misi
cixe-simagre. misi far-xmali, vaJkacoba undoda, vaJkacni viyaviT, xmali undoda,
xmlis Wedva vicodiT, omis saqmeTa codna undoda, omis saqmeni vicodiT. ai, ram
SegvaZlebina, ram gvixsna, ram Segvinaxa... im droTa Carxze gaCarxulni viyaviT,
im droTa qar-cecxlSi gamofoladebulni, im droTa samWedurSi naWedni. silbo
gvqonda naqsovisa _ viT qristianebs da simtkice naWedisa _ viT meomrebsa da
mamuliSvilebs. amiT gavitaneT Tavi. droTa Sesaferi Rone vicodiT, droTa Sesaferi
xerxi, droTa Sesaferi codna gvqonda, droTa Sesaferi mxneoba da gamrjeloba.
wavida is dro: daClungda xmali, gauqmda vaJkacoba, exla xmali Taroze unda
SevdvaT, aRarafris maqnisia; exla an adli unda gveWiros xelSi, an guTani, an Carxi
qarxnisa, an marTulebi manqanisa. exla vaJkacoba omisa ki ar unda, rom sisxlsa
hRvrides, vaJkacoba unda Sromisa, rom ofli hRvaros. kidev vityviT, qveyana exla
imisia, vinc irjeba da vinc icis wesi da xerxi garjisa, vinc ufro ufrTxildeba naSroms,
vinc izogavs naRvaws. dRes mZleTa mZlea marto is, vinc mcvelia da bejiTi suliT da
xorciTa, codniTa da marjveniTa. gvWirs-ki dRes romelime es droTa Sesaferi sikeTe?
ra giTxraT? riT gagaxaroT?
xmlianma mterma ver dagvaTmobina, ver wagvarTva Cveni miwa-wyali, Cveni
qveyana. xmlians mters gavuZeliT, gadavrCiT, qveyana da saxeli SevinaxeT,
saxsenebeli ar amovikveTeT, SevirCineT, saqolavi aravis avagebineT. xmliT

34

moseulma vera dagvaklo-ra _ SromiT da garjiT, codniT da xerxiT mosuli ki Tan

gagvitans, fex-qveSidan miwas gamogvaclis, saxels gagviqrobs, gagvwyvets.
saxsenebeli qarTvelisa amoikveTeba da Cvens mSveniers qveyanas, rogorc
upatrono saydars, sxvani daepatronebian. Sromasa da garjas, codnasa da xerxs
veravin-Ra gauZlebs, Tu Sroma da garja, codna da xerxi win ar mivagebeT, win ar
davaxvedreT, win ar davuyeneT. varT ki yovel amisTvis mzad? an gvetyoba raSime,
rom yovelive es viciT da vemzadebiT?..
ra giTxraT? riT gagaxaroT?
exlac omia, xolo sisxlis Rvrisa ki ara, oflis Rvrisa, omi usisxlo, mSvidobiani,
wynari. am omma arc buki icis, arc naRara. ubuk-naRarod sTesavs, ubuk-naRarod
mkis. kokisebur Sxapuna niaRvars ki ar hgavs, rom mTa da bari Tan waiRos,
moarRvios, moRaros da mogragnos, mdumare wvimisaebr nayofis
gamomcemelia. arc rbeva icis, arc Zarcva. es mis bunebaSi ara sweria, Tu TviTon
adamianma gesli ulmobelis sixarbisa Sig ar CaawveTa, buneba ar mouwamla, ar
mouSxama. es omi Sromisaa, da viTarca Sroma _ patiosania, namusiania da iseTive
Tavmosawonebeli, Tav-gamosaCeni, rogorc uwin Tofisa da xmlis omi iyo. vaJkacoba
amisTana omSi bevriT win aris sisxlis omis vaJkacobaze. vaJkac guladze mSromeli
samis gafreniT metiao, _ ityoda glexkaci Taviseburad zedgamoWriT, Tu marTals
aTqmevinebT. ra glexkaci, TiTon dRevandeli dRe amas gveubneba, amas hRaRadebs
da Cven gvesmis ki es RaRadi? vai rom ara.
maS ra giTxraT, riT gagaxaroT?
ar viciT _ rani vyofilvarT, ar vxedavT _ rani varT, ver gamogvisaxia _ rani
viqnebiT. yurebSi bamba gvaqvs daculi da Tvalebze xeli agvifarebia. arc arafers
vxedavT, arc araferi gvesmis. uzarmazari Txrilia Cven, qarTvelebis win da ainuSiac
ar mogvdis. am Txrilis piras vdgevarT da sakmaoa xeli gvkran _ da Sig
gadaviCexebiT dedabudianad. orbi, arwivic ki veRar gvipovis, veRar daswvdeba
Cvens Zvlebs, rom gamoxran, gamoswiwknon, iseTi Rrmaa es Txrili, iseTi uZiro.
vdgevarT da uRonoda vbzuiT me var da Cemi nabadio da am bzuilidan ara
gamodis-ra. iqneba imitom, rom yvela buzi ki bzuis, futkarTan ki yvela tyuis.
axalo weliwado, Tu ram SegiZlian, Tvali agvixile, yurebidan bamba
gamogvacale, futkrisgan gvaswavle droTa Sesaferi samamaco znenia, rom Cvenma
Semdegma mainc aRara sTqvs:
ra giTxraT? riT gagaxaroT?
1897 w. 31 dekemberi
pirvelnabeWdi _ `iveria~, 1898, #1.

35

ilia WavWavaZe
presa da piradoba
tfilisi, 27ianvari, 1889 w.
arian zogierTi imisTana qveynebi, saca urTierToba kacTa Soris iqamde
ukan CamorCenia Tavis daniSnulebas, rom adamianis namuss, patiosnebas,
kuTvnilebas suliers, Tu xorciels verafers sarCls ver uwevs, vera hpatronobs,
ver uvlis da ver ifaravs SebRalvisagan. rasakvirvelia, aq sarCli da mfarveloba
unda gauwios zne-Cveulebam sazogadoebisam, xolo Wiri is aris, rom zneCveuleba zogierT qveyanaSi imodenad ganwmendili da mgrZnobieri ar aris,
rom SebRalva visisame namusisa, adamianuris Rirsebisa iTakilos, iukadrisos
da yovel calke kacis gaupatiurebaSi Tavisis sakuTaris Rirsebis wabilwva
dainaxos.
zne-Cveulebas, rogorc Wkuasa da gonebas, ganwmenda da ganaTleba
unda. uamisod igi mkvdaria da uqmi im saxelovan da sanatrel
daniSnulebisaTvis, romlis gamoc Cven vlaparakobT da romelic qvakuTxedia
kacTa urTierTobiT cxovrebisa. Cvenda samwuxarod, zogierTi eri Sors aris mag
zne-Cveulebis ganwmendasa da ganaTlebazed da maT Soris Cvenca. vityviT
ufro mets: am mxroT CvenisTana daqveiTebuli eri bevri sxva ar gveguleba
dedamiwis zurgzed. namusi, patiosneba da yovelive adamianuri Rirseba ise
xelSesaxebeli arsad aris, rogorc CvenSi, da eg xelSexeba ise dausjelad,
gaukicxavad ar Cauvlis xolme adamians, rogorc Cvens bedniers qveyanaSi.
dausjelad da gaukicxavad!.. eg kidev araferi. amas kidev rogorc iqneba
avitandiT, raki es RvTis wyroma mogvevlineboda. savalalo da samarcxvino is
aris, rom zogjer taSiskvriTa da qeba-didebiT mivegebebiT xolme sxvis
36

namusis wambilwvelsa, sxvis patiosnebis SembRalvelsa. amisTana yofaSi

didxans ver gasZlebs qveyana, eri, sazogadoeba. eg windauxedavad
SebRalva namusisa, kacuris kacobisa, Wiaa, romelic qveyanas, ers,
sazogadoebas, Sig gulSi Casjdomia da dRemudam hfqvavs, hRrRnis, minam
bolos ar mouRebs. saca eg aris, iq qveyanas, ers, sazogadoebas Wiani guli
aqvs da Wianis guliT sicocxle xanmoklea da unayofo.
am zne-Cveulebis gauwmendeloba da gaunaTlebloba aris mizezi, rom
qvena grZnobani zena grZnobaTa adgilas gameufdebian xolme, tyuili
marTalis niRab qveS daiareba da yalbi xalasad gadis. yvelani hxedaven amas,
yvelas Tvalwin aTasi amisTana magaliTi udga mourideblad da yvelani
iSvneven da iwynareben amisTana yofas, TiTqo amiTi araviTari wesi
urTierTobisa ar irRveodes, TiTqo am gadarev-gadmorevaSi hpouloben im
magars tins, romelzedac unda aSendes adamianis bednierebis cixe-simagre.
kacs, yvela amis mowames, ise hgonia, TiTqo keTils, marTals, madls,
uRonoba daswameso da exla borots, tyuils da codvasRa mieyudnen, rom igi
hqmnas, rac keTilma, marTalma da madlma ver SesZlo kacTa
bednierebisaTvisao.
Sors nu wavalT da mivxedoT marto erTs samagaliTo ambavsa. ai,
vsTqvaT, Cven wina hdgas erTi sawyali, miwasTan gasworebuli, ZonZebSi da
konkebSi Zliv-Zliv gaxveuli Rataki kaci, romelsac usmel-uWmelobam, SiSveltitvelobam yovelive adamianuri niSanwyali CamoarTva, gaubaTila. sdgas
sacodavi da hcaxcaxebs calke SimSilisa da calke sicivisagan da elis
marTlmsajulebis msjavrs warbSekrul da miudgomel msajulTagan. misi
danaSauli is aris, rom mSiers bazarSi Cauvlia, furnis dazgazed puri
daunaxavs, uZlevels SiSs SimSiliT sikvdilisas dauxSvia grZnoba sircxvilisa,
dauvlia sacodavs xeli da erTi orSauriani puri moutacnia. ,,sasjeli magas,
sasjeli!~ viZaxiT didi da patara: `rogor Tu moipara! rogor Tu iqurda! patioba
qurdobisa da mtaceblobisa waqezeba da waxaliseba iqneba!~
exlandelTa saqeburad amasac vityvi, rom iqneba erTsa da ors am
sacodavis kacis danaxvazed sibralulmac gaurbinos gulSi, magram sruliad
patiobazed-ki ara gvgonia an es erTi ori daiyolioT. es xom asea maSin, roca
mSierma orSauriani puri moipara da iqneba adamianis suli sikvdilisagan
daixsna im mciredis danaklisiT, romelic sxvas miayena. raSi mdgomareobs
aq danaSauli, romlis Sendobac codvad migvaCnia? imaSi, rom xelSexebulia,
Seryeulia, SebRalulia pativi sakuTrebisa, romelic kacTa urTierTobis dedaboZad
miuCneviaT. Tu esea, ramdenad ufro gamosametebeli unda iyos dasasjelad
is, vinc adamians hparavs imas, rac mis uZvirfasess saunjes, uZvirfasess
kuTvnilebas Seadgens da yovelgvar nivTier sakuTrebazed ufro metad uRirs?
gana namusi da patiosneba amisTana daufasebeli saunje ar aris! gana
adamiani namusiTa da patiosnebiT ar adamianobs da kacuri kacoba amiTi ara
hkacobs! gana marto erTsa da ors gauwiravs TviT sicocxlec-ki, oRond namusi
da patiosneba SeirCinos da aravis ar gaaCirqianebinos!
Tu esea, maS ramodenad ufro mZime Semcodveli unda iyos orSaurian
puris mparavzed is, vinc namuss, patiosnebas hparavs kacsa! loRikas rom
exlandels droSi ukuRma triali ar daewyo, swored am gziT unda evlo da
namusis mparavi samarcxvino boZzed unda gaekra. exlandeli loRika amas ar
dasdevs. SimSilisagan Zal-datanebuls Rataks-ki sjis or Saurian puris
qurdobisaTvis da namusis mparavs ki qebis taSsac Seawevs xolme, _ daxe,
ra yoCaRia, ama da am kacs saqveynod Tavze lafi daasxao!
es dausjelad Tavze lafis dasxma, es windauxedavad namusis axda, es
wawymenda da wapilwva adamianis adamianobisa, arc mTqmels eTakileba,
arc msmenels ezizReba, nametnavad CvenSi. inglisSi mTavarministrma erTi
37

indoeli qveSevrdomi inglisisa am sityviT axsena _ ,,viRac zangio~ da mTeli

inglisi samarTlianis guliswyromiT SeiZra rogor Tu amisTana biabruad
xseneba akadra inglisis qveSevrdomsao da avad-mxsenebeli ministri
kinaRam saministro taxtidam ar gadmoabrZana, da CvenSi-ki gauxardebaT
kidec, Tunda saSinelis lanZRviTa da ciliswamebiT gaaupatiuro, gaabiabruo
kaci. oRond flidoba, avkacoba, erTis sityviT, uRirsoba ram-ki SeswameT
kacsa, ise advilad da male daijereben, TiTqo bedniereba karzed miadgaT da
xelidam gaSveba enanebaTo. erTxel da orjel ar Segvxvedria, rom kaci kacs
usabuTod hlanZRavs da lafSi svris da roca gamosarClebia vinme,
ukiTxavT: ,,Seni ra ariso?~ Cemi ra unda iyos, arc-ki vicnobo? _ ,,Tu ar
icnob, Sen sxvisTvis rad iWaWebio?~ _ `imitomao, rom isic kacia da usabuTod
SebRalva kacis namusisa unamusobaa, da Tu dRes igi amogiRia niSanSi, vin
gviTavdebebs, rom xval sxvas visme mag dResve ar daayenebo~. Cven
mowmad vyofilvarT, rom amisTana sindisieri mosarCle galanZRulisa da
cilSewamebulisa sasacilod aegdoT, rogorc retrogradi.
Znelad sacxovrebelia imisTana qveyana, saca adamianis namuss da mis
grZnobas kacuris Rirsebisas pativi da mfarveloba ara aqvs da saca
xelSexeba, SebRalva yovel amisi eadvilebaT da saca sazogadoebaSi motriale
Tavis uwmindaess movaleobad ara sTvlis sdevnos cils da usabuTod avad
xsenebas kacisas, saca-ki Sexvdeba. Tavis Tavis pativismcemeli literatura
movalea hpatronobdes adamianis namuss da Rirsebas da kaci aravis
gaalaxvinos ciliTa da tyuiliTa, radganac erTica da meorec yurmoWrilni ymani
da mosamsaxureni arian marto piradis angariSebisa. literatura-ki, rogorc
moRvaweoba ukeTesTa kacTa, erTad-erTi far-xmali unda iyos adamianisa, roca
mis Rirsebas uRirsad, ukadrisad xels Seaxeben xolme da miss zneoburs
kuTvnilebas staceben. literaturis mravalgvar da rTul movaleobaTa Soris es
movaleoba erTi udidesTagania, imitom, rom namusis SebRalva, namusis
axda, kacis saxelis gatexa iseTi didi ubedurebaa, rom Tu ar zedmiwevniT
gamorkveul, utyuar sabuTiT, literaturam sxva gziT amaebSi aravis ar unda
dauTmos erTis iotis odenaca. am mxriT literatura yovelis kacis patroni unda
iyos da mfarveli, nametnavad iq, saca eg patronoba da mfarveloba sxva gziT
ar arsebobs.
i. WavWavaZe. TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli (aT
tomad). p. ingoroyvas redaqtorobiT. t. VIII. Tb.:
saxelmwifo gamomcemloba. 1957, gv. 259-263.

38

ilia WavWavaZe
mahmadianT gaqristianeba
SemogvierTdnen Tu ara baTomis mazris mahmadiani qarTvelebi,
zogierTebma imTaviTve qadageba da damtkiceba daiwyes, rom yvelaze
pirvelad Cven is mahmadiani qarTvelebi unda movnaTloT, gavaqristianoTo;
mxoloT roca moinaTlebian, maSin Seiqnebian isini namdvil Cven
moZmeebad, mxoloT maSin qristianobas SeuZlian amaTi damSvideba da
CvenTan moTavsebao.
am dReebSi miviReT Cven axlad qarTuls enaze gamocemuli wigni
mRvdlis simeon begievisa, saxelad `polemikuri saubari mRvdlisa ingiloT
efendisTan~. mTeli am wignis azri aris, daamtkicos, rom qristianobas
upiratesoba aqvs mahmadianobazedao, Cveni saxareba sjobian Tqvens
yuransao, erTis sityviT, visac saaqaos keTili cxovreba hsurs da saiqaos
cxoneba, unda qristiani iyoso da amitom Cvenebur mahmadianebs urCevs,
gaqristiandiTo. avtori pirdapir asaxelebs ingiloebsa da baTomis mxaris
mahmadian qarTvelebs, amaTTvis davwere es wignio.
madloba RmerTs, rom Cveni umaRlesi mTavroba am azris ar aris. imas
kargaT esmis, qadageba, laparaki da cda, rom mahmadiani qarTvelebi
gaaqristianon, vnebis mets, arafer sikeTes ar moitans.
axladdapyrobil saqarTvelos nawilSi uimisoTac gavrcelebulia cru xma,
rom rusebi ZalaT gaqristianebas gvipirebeno, da axla rom marTla Cven iq
qristianobis qadageba daviwyoT, xelSi saxareba mivaCeCoT da am
`polemikur saubris~ msgavsi wignebi, isini, ueWvelia, darwmundebian, rom
rasac ambobdnen, marTali yofilao, marTla gaqristianeba ndomebiaT Cvenio.
da ra moqmedeba eqmneba amgvar xmis gavardnas mahmadian
qarTvelebSi, amis gamocnobas bevri Wkua da maxvilgoniereba ar eWireba;
Cven darwmunebuli varT, pirveli Sedegi amisi is iqneba, rom vinc darCenilan
jer kidev Tavis qveyanaSi, isinic osmaleTisaken gardaixvewebian.
ver gagvigia, rad zrunaven es zogierTi pirebi ase erTgulad, ase
windauxedavaT, rom yvelaze pirvelad sarwmunoebas Seexon, rjuli
gamoucvalon mahmadianebs? iqneba qristianoba ufro winwamwevia
kacobriobis cxovrebisa, ufro eTviseba exlandel ganaTlebul drois
moTxovnilebasa da swavlas. magram gana marto sarwmunoebazed, rjulzed
aris axlandeli kacobriobis cxovreba damyarebuli? gana ar SeiZleba kaci anu
39

xalxi arc qristiani iyos, arc mahmadiani, arc kerpTTayvanismcemeli, magram

kargi kaci anu kargi xalxi iyos, kargs ganaTlebis gzazed damdgari da
cxovrebaSi yovelmxriv warmatebuli?
Cveni azri es aris, rom qadagebas da cdas amgvar SemTxvevaSi
araviTari sikeTis motana ar SeuZlian. gaqristianebas ki ar unda vcdilobdeT
Cven axla baTomis da sxva mazrebis qarTvel mahmadianebisa, aramed, Tu
gvinda, rom imaTi guli movigoT, Tu gvinda, rom imaTis mxriT TanagrZnoba
da siyvaruli davimsaxuroT, rom karg, sasargeblo ruseTis qveSevrdomebad
gavxadoT, yvelaze pirvelad imaT gaWirvebuli ekonomiuri mdgomareoba
unda gavaumjobesoT, siRaribe SevamciroT, umecreba movspoT, skolebi
gavmarToT, Zmuri siyvaruli da Semweoba aRmovuCinoT yovel saqmeSi,
swor, namdvil gzaze davayenoT cxovrebaSi, kargi mosamarTle da
administratorebi davuyenoT da sxv. da sxv.
sarwmunoebis saqme sinidisis saqmea, ra Cveni saqmea vin rogor
sarwmunoebas aRiarebs, vin ra rjulis aris? ra rjulic hsurs, im rjulze iyos;
mxolod kargi, patiosani kaci iyos, mSromeli da TavisTvis da qveynisaTvisac
sasargeblo. TviTon Cveni maRalis da uzenaesis moZRvris ieso qristes sityvaa,
rom rjuli ar Seiqms kacs, aramed saqmeo.
urigo ar iqneba, rom am qristes sityvebiTa da zemoxsenebul mosazrebiT
ixelmZRvanelon yvela imaT, visac baTomis mazris qarTvel mahmadianebTan
eqnebaT saqme.
1880

40

akaki wereTeli
Cveni gulis-pasuxi
erTgvari xriala-saaTia, romlis daniSnulebac, dros Cvenebis garda, is aris, rom
daniSnul drozed mZinari gamoaRviZos. dawolis dros TaviT idgamen im saaTs da roca
saWiroa, iseTs xrials mohyveba xolme, rom mZinars gulis Zils ufrTxobs da Zalauneburad aRviZebs. oh, ra usiamod Caudis is xma yurSi mZinars da ra saSinlad
mosdis guli axal-gamoRviZebuls im saaTzed!..
rasakvirvelia, im dros xrialis nacvlad mZinars rom esmodes rame sxva
samusiko tkbili xma, ufro iameba, gaegrZoba tkbili Zili da naxavs ferad-ferad
sizmrebs. magram, sabolood ki izaralebs: ZilSi gamoepareba samuSaod daniSnuli
dro da darCeba xelcarieli. im sazarel da usiamo xrials ki sargebeli moaqvs.
moaqvs, magram kacs mainc ar SeuZlian, rom moiwonos is xrialis xma da
Seuyvardes!.. Tumca Tavi ki daeTanxmeba, magram guli nebas ar miscems,
radganac Znelia, rom amgvar SemTxvevebSi kaci wauvides gulis nebas.
gazeTis mniSvnelobac swored amgvaria! _ is unda aRviZebdes mZinar xalxs,
afxizlebdes axla gamoRviZebuls, usiamod unda CasZaxodes yurSi da miT
sargebloba mohqondes.
es vin ar icis, magram ra vqnaT, rom bevri ram viciT da ar gvagondeba ki.
gana ar viciT, Tu ra aris moZRvris an mkurnalis daniSnuleba? pirveli valdebulia,
rom avica da kargic amxilos Tavis mowafes, ar moeridos mis wamiT wyenas _
usiamobas da iqonios saxeSi mxolod misi momavali; winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, is
ar iqneba Rirsi iwodebodes moZRvrad. is iqneba mxolod gamryvneli fariseveli!!
agreve eqimi aviRoT. avaTmyofs ar esiamovneba wamlis miReba, radganac araferi
sagemrieloa da xSirad eqimzedac javrobs. magram mkurnalma rom es miiRos
mxedvelobaSi, xaTri gauwios sneuls da umniSvnelo tkbili sasmelebi da SarbaTebi
aZlios, nuTu epatieba? ara!.. mkurnali TavdadebiT unda uvlides sneuls, hfiqrobdes
mxolod mis gankurnvazed da, Tu saWiroda hxedavs, Zirmwarasa da naRvels
asxamdes ZaldatanebiT pirSi mazed gaanCxlebulsa da mis mgmobel avaTmyofs!
es orive Zala da Rirseba, rogorc mkurnalisa, ise moZRvrisac, erTad unda
hqondes SeTvisebuli mwerals. erTsa da imave dros unda umoZRvrebdes da
samkurnalo wamalsac aZlevdes xalxs. unda daufaravad amxilebdes mis avsa da
kargs sazogadoebas, rogorc mozardul yrmas da Tanac sakuTar oflSi ulesavdes mis
naRvels da ZaldatanebiT asmevdes, rom sneulebas ar daaCagvrinos.
visac es ar SeuZlian, is nurc gamodis sazogado asparezzed!..
isic ki unda icodes mweralma sazogadoT da gansakuTrebiT Cvens qveyanaSi,
Tu ra moelis am Sromas sasyidlad? devna! diax, mtroba, SurisZieba da devna!
adreve unda gamoeTxovos pirad bednierebas, anu, ukeTa vsTqvaT, dajerdes da
miiTvalos yovelifris samagieroT mxoloT wminda sindisi; mas sjerdebodes yoveldRe
da saxvalioTac amas inatvrides: `guli wminda dabade CemTana RmerTo da suli
wrfeli ganmiaxle gvamsa Cemsao!~
ai, amgvari mSromelebi da amgvari mwerlebi eWirveba dRes Cvens
samSoblos! imaT mivmarTavT. amaTi TanamSromlobiTa da amxanagobiT vixarebT
da qarTulad vityviT: WirSi da lxinSi amaT veZmobiT, gverdSi amoviyenebT an TviT

41

amovudgebiT da Tu RmerTi im dResac mogvaswrebs, rom isini meTaurad ivargeben,

veymobiT da mivhyvebiT, Tund moxucis CanCaliTac.
vinc amaebs TanaugrZnobs saqmiT Tu sityviT, Tu marto gulis TqmiTac, isic
Cveniania.
wera ar SemiZlian da sityviT ra gamovao, es rom vinmem sTqvas, tyuili Tavis
marTleba iqneba. sityva Teslia, xalxia niadagi. Tamamad da patiosnurad xalxSi
gatyorcnili marTali sityva unayofod ar rCeba... rom ar gvgonia, im dros da misTana
alagas amodis, ar ikargeba!..
dRes Cveni qveyana imisTana mdgomareobaSia, sityva Tu ara mets, nakleb
sargeblobas mainc ar moutans da, maSasadame, yvelas gvmarTebs xmis
amoReba... qors `haus~ SeuZaxeben da wiwilas gaagdebineben. erTis dayefiT
patara, susti finia Zliers mtacebelsa da qurds SeaCerebs xolme... maS nuravin
ityvis: `ra gamova Cemi xmis amoRebiTo?!~ axla gveWirveba erToba da SeerTebuli
Sroma saqmiT Tu sityviT... kerZooba, piradoba da Cvenian-sxvisianoba iseTi
wvrilmani da saukadriso ram aris sazogado, saqveyno saqmeSi, rom ganzed unda
vudgebodeT... Cveniani is iqneba, vinc Cvens gzazed gamodis da vinc ki
gvewinaaRmdegeba da xels gviSlis, is Cveni mteria, Cven saerTo imasTan ara unda
gvqondes-ra... Cven unda vsdevnideT da ieriSiT mivdiodeT imazed, rom mas Zala
movakloT, is Zala, romelsac is mxolod Cvenis samSoblos mtraT xmarobs...
marTalia, bevri ver arCevs, Tu ra aris piradi saqme da an sazogado? magram
Cven xom viciT. da vecadoT, rom imaTac avuxsnaT! _ magaliTad: is rom vTqvaT, rom
romelime msajuli ras Wams, ras svmas, ras icvams an ras ixuravs, _ es,
rasakvirvelia, kerZo saqme iqneba. magram Tuki isini sxvas staceben lukmas da ise
Wamen, xalxs atyaveben da miT tans imosven, amazed rom xma amoviRoT, es
sazogado saqme iqneba da ara sapirado, da arc gvmarTebs morideba.
wmindaT ganmZraxvelsa da wmindis miznisaken mimaval kacs uneburaT rom
gzac daebnes, codvad ar CaeTvleba. naTqvamia: umjobesia ierusalims gzaabneviT
midiodes kacio, vidre qabas pirdapir, gza daubnevelado. da marTalic aris. mxolod is
ar wamohkravs fexsa da ar gadauxvevs, vinc mkvdarsaviT gaSxvarTulia da nebier
Zils eZleva. umjobesia keTil gzazed uneburaT ramdenjerme daeces kaci da bolos
mainc miaRwios im wminda miznamdi, vidre uwmindur gzazed fex-marjved iyos da
an sul ar inZreodes, iwves nebierad.
magram is ki yvelas emjobineba, rom TviTo-TviTo, marto, cal-calke ar
mivdiodeT im Cvengan arCeul gzazed!.. martoobam icis gzis dabneva.

tfilisi. 26 ianvars. [1881w.]

pirvelnabeWdi _ `droeba~, 1881, #19.

42

akaki wereTeli
sityva, Tqmuli akakisagan xelTubnis skolis kurTxevis dros
oqtombris 1-ls 1884 w.
am wminda mamis damoZRvrisa da b. maswavleblis sagulisxmo sityvis Semdeg,
Tumca bevri laparaki saWiro aRar aris, magram mainc, Cemo Zmebo, Tu yurs
damigdebT, minda cota xans mainc gesaubroT.
aqedan Sors, bevr cxra-mTas iqiT, zRvispirad, espaneTis qveyanaSi aris erTi
patara mazra, romlis umSvenieresi TiTqmis arsad moipoveba; yovel gvarad
Semkulia, magram erTi ubedureba sWirs. saocari cieb-cxeleba icis.
am mSvenier mxarezed aris ambad naTqvami: viTomc erTxel mama RmerTs
ebrZanebios wminda giorgisTvis: `vici, rom gaWirvebul xalxs ewevi da mfarvelobo.
amisTvis madlobeli var me Senio!... mTxove, rac ginda da agisrulebo!~ isic
Sehvedrebia RmerTs: `me meti ara minda ra mxolod im qveyanaSi cieb-cxeleba
mospeo!~ eg ki ar SeiZlebao, ubrZanebia RmerTs, eg gangebiT ariso: `iq rom
sneuleba movspo, maSin is kuTxe am sasufevels emjobineba da aq vinRa isurvebs
dadgomasao~.
am mxarisa ar iyos, es Cveni patara qveyanac, yovlisfriT srulia, rom amasac erTi
Wiri ar adges xolme: mas arc erTxel mosveneba ar hqonia; mitom, rom mSvenieri
aris, yvelas magisi xelSi Cagdeba hsurda...
magram, naTeli maT saflavs, rom Cven mama-papebs Tavi gamoudviaT da
aravisTvis daunebebiaT!.. marTlac, cal xelSi rom samuSao iaraRi eWiraT, meoreSi
mtris mosageriebeli, guli ar gastexiaT, Tavi ar dauzogavT. dRes imisTana adgils
versad gamovsZebniT Cvens qveyanaSi, rom maTi Zvlebi ar eyaros! TviT ai es
adgilic, romelzedac axla Cven vdgevarT, SeiZleba maTi sisxliT iyos morwyuli!.. diaR,
tanjviT Seswires Tavi Cvens qveyanas, magram daicves Tavisi erovneba...
dRes sul sxva dro gvidgas: gareSe mteri aRara gvyavs, magram...
im Zvel mtrebze es axali mteri ufro saSiSia da safrTxilo. cxad mters, pirdapir
momavals, Seupovrad miegebebi, magram ra unda uyo uCinar mters, romelzedac
Tvali axveuli gaqvs. es uCinari mteri aris umecreba da uswavleloba. sanam amas ar
moviSorebT, Tvali ar agvexileba. Tvalis asaxelad ki sul sxva saxis iaraRebia saWiro
da is iaraRebi ai amisTana saxlebidan unda gamoitanon Tqvenma Svilebma, rom
Tqveni xvedri aicilon, Torem xom xedavT, ra gemarTebaT dRes: giyvarT Tqveni
miwa-wyali da ver uvliT! SromobT da baraqa ar aris! gindaT, rom Tqvens Tavs
mouaroT, pativi sceT da ar SegiZliaT! usamarTlod rom vinme gadagekidoT da
moindomos Tqveni daCagva, Tqven xom Tqvenda Tavad pasuxs ver agebT? unda
waxvideT da gamoZebnoT misTana kaci, romelic Tval-tanad, Zal-RoniT da WkuagonebiT Tqvenze naklebia, magram, codna rom meti aqvs Tqvenze, is did-gulad,
batoniviT gepyrobaT da Tqven ki mis win qud-moxdilebi dgaxarT. isic, or sityvas rom
ityvis Tqven magivrad, tyavs gaZrobT da Tu ori kalamic mousva, suls gxdiT! Tu
gindaT, rom Tqvens Svilebsac TqvenisTana dRe ar adges, am maswavlebels
mosWideT xeli, es aris erTaderTi Tqveni gamomxsneli, aq gamozardeT Svilebi da
isinic siyvaruliT mogixseneben.
kidev erTi sityva!.. arakiT daviwyeT TqvenTan saubari da unda namdvil ambiT
davabolovo: sami Zma iyo Zvelad CvenSi, kargi ojaxis Svilebi da kargadac
scxovrobdnen. bolos, raRac SemTxvevam ise moitana, rom...
SeCvenebulebma ise gadaamteres, ise gadahkides es Zmebi erTmaneTs, rom
kinaRam samives ojaxi dauqcies. maSin miixmo is Zmebi dedam maTma da uTxra:
Svilebo! Tqven xom samive am erTi mucliT mitarebixarTo?... diaR! Upasuxes. xom
am erTi ZuZuTi gamizrdixarTo? marTaliao! miuges. RmerTic xom erTi gyavTo.
rasakvirveliao! sTqves. ho da maS erTmaneTs raRas gadahkidebixarT erT sisxli da

43

erT xorci Zmebio!... pirjvari, rogorc gindaT ise daiwereTo!... dafiqrdnen maSin
moCxubrebi, Serigdnen da isev gaZlierdnen...
es magaliTi imitom moviyvane, rom dResac arian CvenSi misTanebi, rom
sxvadasxva rjulzeda dganan da erTmaneTis Zmebi aRar hgoniaT Tavi. saWiro aris,
imaTac gamouCndeT damrigebeli deda da uTxras: Tqven xom erTi qveynis Svilebi
xarT? erTi miwa-wyliT nakvebi!... erTi ena gaqvT, erTi zne da erTi Cveuleba. Tqvens
mamebsac Wiri da lxini erTad unaxavT da Tqvenca erTni unda iyoTo... am gvarad
Tqveni damrigebeli da Semrigebeli unda iqnen amnairi maswavleblebi. da Tqvenc,
Cemo Zmebo, valdebuli xarT, rom yuri daugdoT da gulwrfelad mousminoT!..
gaumarjos am axalnakurTxs _ Tqven saswavlebels, gaumarjos im moswavleT,
maTze mzrunvelebs da Tqvenc erTobiT yvelas gagimarjoT!
pirvelnabeWdi _ `droeba~, 1884, #213.

44

niko nikolaZe
`krebulis~ daniSnulebaze
`krebuls~ is mizani aqvs, rogoric unda hqondes Tavis sicocxleSi yovel patiosan
da xeirian kacs, ese igi, Tavisi sazogadoebis bedniereba. rogorc yovel gonier
kacs, amnair bednierebaT mTeli sazogadoebisaTvis `krebuls~ is miaCnia, rom yovel
kerZo pirs, sazogadoebis wevrs, misi sxeulisa da gonebis Zala rac SeiZleba ufro
srulaT gaexsnas da cxovrebaSi am Zalas, rac SeiZleba, ufro sruli dakmayofileba
mieces.
amnairi bedniereba is mizania, romelsac misdevs mTeli kacobrioba. magram
imis miRwevas qveyanaze bevri ram uSlida da exlac uSlis. yvelaze umTavresi
dabrkoleba, romelic niadag xvdeboda da xvdeba kidev am mizans, is sazogado
azria, viTomc am bednierebis miRweva TviTon kacs da kacobriobas ki ar SeuZlia, am
sikeTes is zegardmo unda moelodes; viTom kacis ubedoba sabralo dedamiwaze
TviTon kacis agebulebis anda garSemo bunebis saqmea, viTom kerZo pirs, an kerZo
pirebis krebas ara SeuZliaT ra am ubedurebis dasaTrgunvelad da bednierebis
misaRwevelaT. `ase unebebia beds, _ fiqroben sazogadoT am saganze, _ maS
davemorCiloT mis wminda gangebas~.
ueWvelia, rom kacis ubedobaSi brali kacis sxeulsac adevs da garSemo
bunebasac. magram amaze ueWveli isic aris, rom es senebi niadag da Seucvlel
bunebis kanonebs moneben, da am kanonebis gamokvleviT, maTi gonierebiT
xmarebiT kacs, rogorc Tavisi sakuTari sxeulis, agreTve garSemo bunebis
gaumjobesoba da TavisTvis sasargebloT xmareba SeuZlia. amaze kidev ufro ueWveli
isic aris, rom kacis ubedobis brali adevs, _ kacis sxeuls da bunebis garda, _ kacis
umecrebas da im garemoebas, rom kacs ver mouxerxebia iseTnairaT gaemarTa
Tavisi sicocxle da saqmeebi, rom misi sakuTari da garSemo myofi bunebis
moTxovnilebebs bunebiTi dakmayofileba mieRoT.
moviyvanoT magaliTi. cxovrobs, vTqvaT, xalxi notio, WenWyo adgilSi, dabal
saqarTveloSi, vTqvaT, rionis piraT. is uZluri, sneuli da Raribia SeZlebiT da gonebiT.
rasakvirvelia, am garemoebaSi brali kacis agebulebas da samegrelos bunebas
adevT, radganac kacis agebuleba mSral, noyier havas, karg miwa-wyals da sazrdos
Txoulobs, uromloTac imas xeirianaT gaZleba ar SeuZlia; samegrelos buneba ki ar
aZlevs kacs amnair havas, miwa-wyals da sazrdos da amis gamo, raki kacis bunebis
moTxovnileba iq xeirianaT ar kmayofildeba, kaci ubedur, uZlur mdgomareobaSia.
qveyanaze asi da aTasi magaliTi rom ar yofiliyo sworeT magnairive mdgomareobaSi
myof xalxebisa, vin gabedavda xmis amoRebas da im pirebis winaaRmdegobas,
romelnic xmamaRla darwmunebiT amtkiceben, rom `es RvTis nebaao, RmerTs ase
gauCeniao da Cven aba ra xeli gvaqvs mis nebas vewinaaRmdegoTi~. an vin
gabedavda sxva pirebis winaaRmdegobas, im pirebisas, romelnic Zveli swavliT da
codniT daiaraRebuli gamodian da amboben: `es bunebis kanonia. kacis agebuleba
da buneba damnaSavea samegrelos mcxovreblebis sisusteSi. Cven, uZlur Wiebs,
aba ranairaT SegveZleba bunebis saukuno kanonebis Secvla da gasworeba?~
magram asi da aTasi magaliTi moxda qveyanaze imis, rom xalxi, romelic notio,
WenWyoian adgilebSi idga da mravali saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi uZluri, avaTmyofi
da Raribi iyo, Tavisi sakuTari moxerxebiT da SromiT gamovida am ubedur
mdgomareobidan da exla mSvenieraT scxovrobs. am saswaulmoqmedebaSi arc
zegardmo movlineba gareula, arc bunebis kanonebis Secvla. moxda es cvlileba
marto imis gamo, rom kacma gaigo, ra iyo ubedobis namdvili mizezi, gaigo, ra
bunebis kanonis ZaliT xdeba es ubedoba da ra kanonebis Zalas SeuZlia misi
mospoba. da roca gaiges, rom gonieraT gavlebul Txrilebs notio adgilebSi wylis
dawreta SeuZliaT, raki gaiges dawretil WanWyobze mSvenieri mosavali
moiyvaneba, rom tyeebis gonieraT gamokafva haers moZraobas da, maSasadame,
siwmindes miscems, uZluri xalxi gadarCa Tavis ubedobas, Zalum, mdidar xalxad
gadaiqca. wvrilman magaliTebs Tavi davaneboT, movixsenioT marto Rollandia,
romelic sworeT am gziT eRirsa Tavis axlandel mdgomareobas...

45

aseTi magaliTebi sakmaod gvimtkiceben, rom kacis bedze Zlier didi gavlena
aqvs TviTon kacs; iseTi gavlena aqvs, rom imas SeuZlia mTeli mxaris Secvla, misi
bunebiTi mdgomareobis gadasxvafereba da Tavis sasargebloT mowyoba...
gaWirveba, romelic bunebisgan uZluri kacis daCagvraSi mdgomareobs da,
romelic, yvelas azriT umTavres dabrkolebas Seadgens kacobriobis bednierebisaTvis,
es gaWirveba, vambobT, hqreba TviTon kacis Sromis da moxerxebis win, emorCileba
kacis tvins da xasiaTs, radganac misi umTavresi safuZveli _ kacis cxovrebis uxeiroba,
sazrdos da sadgomis uvargisoba da naklulevaneba aris. raRa Tqma unda, rom am
mizezs kaci yovelTvis moereva...
ranairi codna da ranairi Sromaa saWiro am garemoebaSi?
ueWvelia, vgonebT, rom zemoxsenebul dabrkolebebs erTi umTavresi da saerTo
wyaro aqvT _ kacis brZola bunebasTan, bunebis damCagvreli Zalisgan gaTavisuflebis
survili, bunebis sasargeblo ZaliT sargeblos ndoma. magram, rogor ebrZvis kaci iseT
sagans an Zalas, romelsac ar icnobs, romlis mniSvneloba da xasiaTi gamokvleuli ara
aqvs? bunebas ki ara, bavSvs rom Seebas brZolaSi Tvalaxveuli kaci, is mainc
damarcxebuli, da iqneba damaxinjebulic, gamova. brZolaSi pirveli saWiroeba _
mowinaaRmdegis xasiaTis, Zalis, mdgomareobis da Cveulebebis gacnobaa.
maSasadame, kacisaTvis, romelic am qveyanaSi bednierebas da xeirian cxovrebas
eZebs, yvelaze usaWiroesi codna _ bunebis gamokvlevaa.
arc erTi codna ar aZlierebs kacis gonebas ise, rogorc bunebis codna... Cven
gvaklia es codna, _ es nametnaT rbilaT aris naTqvami, unda gveTqva: `Cven araferi
gagvegeba am codnisa~.
Cveni qveynis uwindeli cxovreba iseT rigaT iyo gawyobili da iseT garemoebebSi
mdgomareobda, rom Cvens xalxs arc dro da arc SeZleba hqonda Tavis sakuTar
cxovrebas dakvirveboda da imnairaT gaewyo Tavisi mdgomareoba, rogorac mis
sargeblobasa da sikeTes Seefereboda. yovel mxriT Cven gvawuxebda garegani
mteri: osmalo, sparsi, leki TiTqmis yoveldRe gveseoda Tavze, da Cvens xalxs niadag
marto erTi sazogado azri da saqme hqonda _ Tu rogor daefara Tavi am Sesevnidgan,
ra gziT daecva Tavis qveynis da ojaxis simtkice da Tavisufleba. oRond uwyalo da
amklebel garegan mters gadarCenoda Cveni xalxi da Sin ra bedi daemarTeboda, ra
ganwyobilebaSi iqneboda, amas is aRar eZebda... yoveli xalxisTvis cotaodnaT mainc
sasargebloa xandisxan mezobelTan da garegan mterTan misvla-mosvla da
Setakebac; magram es sargebloba marto maSin warmodgeba, roca romelime
SemoZvelebuli wesiT daxavsebuli xalxi ukeT gawyobil da xeirianad aRzrdil xalxs
eyreba. maSin is Tavis mezoblidgan axal wess da sikeTes iRebs, Tavis cxovrebas
aZlierebs, TviTon ukeTesdeba da cota xans Semdeg gaaxlebul xalxaT gamodis.
amnairi rodi yofila Cveni qveynis mdgomareoba: imas garSemo mteri ertya, romelic
mis Svilebs gareT ar uSvebda ganaTlebis da gamocdilebis misaReblaT; marTali rom
vsTqvaT, arc Cvenebi eZebdnen nametnaT am ganaTlebas, amitom rom arsaiT misi
sikeTis magaliTs ar xedavdnen. marTlac, Cveni mtrebi yvelani imnairive velur da
adamis wlis mdgomareobaSi iyvnen, rogorc Cven TviTon. imaTac cxovrebis
mecnierebaT, xelmZRvanelaT marto mamapapuri Cveuleba da azrebi hqondaT;
imaTac CvensaviT TavianTi maxinji sazogado gawyobileba RvTis gangebisgan
dawesebulad miaCndaT. ase rom, misi gaumjobesebis, Secvlis an gadasxvaferebis
azri imaT Tavis dReSiac TavSi ar mosvliaT. am mizezebis gamo cxovreba kus siaruliT
mimdinareobda, sworeT ise, rogorc asi da iqneba aTasi wlis winaTac. veluri xalxi,
rogorc SeeZlo, sazrdos Soulobda, rogorc moaxerxebda _ am sazrdos sWamda da
brZolaSi gadioda. aravis arasdros azrSiac ar mosvlia angariSi, iqneba ufro advilaT
SeiZlebodes sazrdos SeZena, ufro angariSianaT da sargeblobiT misi daxarjva,
iqneba am garemoebebs brZolac gaeadvilebinaT da gasaWiric...
bolos Cvenze ukeT gawyobilma da umjobesma cxovrebam Tavi Semohyo
CvenSi. rasakvirvelia, Cven imis misaReblad damzadebuli ar viyaviT da amis gamo
davrCiT gaSterebulni, TiTqo saqme Cven sruliadac ar Segvexeboda. magram nelnela, cot-cota Cven vrwmundebodiT, rom axal nanax wess da gawyobilebas bevri
iseTi mxareebi hqonia, romelnic Cveneburs aTi aTasjer sjobden. Cven sruliadac

46

davrwmundiT, rom evropuli wesi da cxovreba, evropuli mecniereba Cven

samagaliToT unda migvaCndes.
roca Cven yuri vadevneT am wess, cxovrebas da mecnierebas, gavigeT cotcota, rom arc evropas Rirsebia iafaT es sikeTeebi. Cven SevityveT, magaliTad, rom
evropis cxovrebas bevri kalapoti gamoucvlia, bevri Waxraki da vaivaglaxi unaxavs,
sanam imnair gawyobilebamde misula, romelsac Cven exla unda SevnatrodeT da
kidec SevnatriT. Cven SevityveT, rom iqaur xalxebs pirdaRebuli da gulxeldakrefili ki
ar moucdiaT am bedisTvis da arc es sikeTeebi zecidan CamocveniaT. ara, imaT Zlier
bevri uSromiaT, bevri umecadinebiaT, bevrnairi sacadi usinjavT, sanam exlandel
TavianT mdgomareobas da mRimare beds moipovebdnen...
maSasadame, raki Cven vgrZnobT, rom CvenTvis metismetaT Sesaxarbebelia
sxva qveynebSi gavrcelebuli ganaTleba da keTildReoba, raki Cven viciT, rom es
ganaTleba da keTildReoba imaT TavianT akvanSi rodi upovniaT, Cven unda
davakvirdeT da gamovikvlioT, Tu ranairaT da ra gziT miaRwies ganaTlebulma
xalxebma TavianT keTildReobamdi, ra da ra wesi da gawyobileba mougoniaT imaT
am keTildReobis dasafuZneblaT da gasaZliereblaT. Cven arc am gzas vicnobT jer,
arc am wess. Cveni umecreba am sagnebSi iseTi usazRvroa, rom zogierTi iSviaTi
ganaTlebuli pirebic rom gvirevia CvenSi, imaTac ar ician xeirianaT es gza da wesi,
sazogadoeba xom, rasakvirvelia, sruliad umecaria am saqmeSi...
qveyanaSi jer arc erTi sikeTe, arc erTi sasargeblo saqme ar garigebula uxeiro da
susti kacis xeliT, arc erTi amamaRlebeli azri ar dabadebula mis TavSi. rac
kacobriobas saxeiro da sasaxelo ram Rirsebia Tavis sicocxleSi, es yvelaferi
gaukeTebia misTvis maRali da patiosani xasiaTis pirebs, romelnic TavianTi azriT,
moqmedebiT da xasiaTiT amSveniereben, aukeTeseben da asaxeleben kacobriobas.
uwminduri xeliT wminda ram Tavis dReSi ar gakeTebula, es yvelasTvis cxadi
WeSmaritebaa. yovel saqmes, yovel mizans kacis Sroma da Zala sWiria, iseTi Sroma
da Zala, romelsac aTasgvari dabrkolebis daZleva SeeZlos. ragind ubralo saqme
aviRoT, TviT kerZo piris cxovrebidanac, maSinve davinaxavT, rom am saqmis
aRsrulebas bevri dabrkoleba uZevs win, zogi bunebis mxriT, zogi kacis umecrebis,
zogi mtrisa da megobris winaaRmdegobis an saSualebis uqonlobis gamo. sanam
kaci am dabrkolebas ar moicilebs, miznis miRweva SeuZlebeli iqneba. Tu asea kerZo
piris cxovrebaSi, aTasjer da aTi aTasjer umetesi Sroma da jafa sWiria imas, visac
mxedvelobaSi sazogado saqme da xalxis sargebloba unda hqondes. ueWvelia, rom
mTeli xalxi, mTeli sazogadoeba TiTon yvela Tavis saqmeebs ver gamarTavs, radganac
umetes nawils TavTavis kerZo saqme da kerZo sargebloba aqvs, da aTasi kaci erT
saqmes rom daexvios, es saqme am daxveviT ver ixeirebs. amis gamo sazogado
cxovreba iseT rigaT imarTeba yovelgan, rom saero, saqveyno saqmeebs sando
pirebi marTaven. imaT ukisriaT mTeli sazogadoebis winamZRoloba, misi sargeblobis
da keTildReobis dacva da yurisgdeba, misi bedis gaukeTeseba. am mizans auarebeli
dabrkolebebi aZneleben da am dabrkolebis mosacileblaT, am miznis misaRwevaT,
ese igi, sazogado bedis gasaukeTeseblaT, saWiroa sazogadoebisTvis mxne, gonieri,
SeuryevlaT patiosani da niWieri pirebi, romelTac Tavis sakuTari sargebloba da mizani
sruliadac ar unda hqondeT, romelnic sazogado saqmisTvis unda cxovrobdnen da
sazogado miznisTvis unda kvdebodnen...
gana bevria misTana saucxovo piri, misTana dedamiwis marili, uromlisoT
xavsiandeba da lpeba sazogado cxovreba da xasiaTi? _ Cven vcxovrobT rbil, Cvil
droSi. Cveni xasiaTi, Cveni zne metismetad momtydari, ugulo da usulo Seiqna.
dabrkolebasTan brZola ki ara, Cven dabrkolebis azric gvaSinebs. Cven gvsurs, rom
sazogado sikeTe Semwvari, gamomcxvari, marilwayrili Cagvicvivdes pirSi. Cven
kbilis moqnevac gvezareba am sikeTiT sargeblobisTvis; dabrkolebis moSorebas,
brZolas da miznis miRwevas vinRa daeZebs, Cven imisic ki gverideba, rom nacnobs,
megobars pirSi iseTi azri ar vuTxraT, romelic misas ar edreba, romelic misi sawyeni
da winaaRmdegia. amnair SemTxvevaSi Cven aTasfraT varbilebT Cvens azrs, miss
bambiT da varayiT Sexvevas vcdilobT, iqneba msmenelma ar iwyinos, vinicobaa da
Cveni samduravi gulSi ar Caisaxoso...

47

sazogado saqme, sazogado mizani, sargebloba? vin ar xarxarebs CvenSi, roca

am sityvebs yurs mohkravs. vis ar miaCnia isini bavSvur ocnebaT, situtuceT. `Cemi
raa, ras daveZeb~, _ es sityvebi vis ar adgia enaze yovelTvis, roca `sazogado
sargebloba~ CaewveTeba yurSi? vis ar miaCnia es sityvebi im ucnaur da
TvalTmaqcur makratlad, romliTac advilad SesaZlebelia `sazogado cxvris~ gakreWva
da `sazogado matyliT~ Tavisi sakuTari tyavis da sxeulis gaTboba?..
gana bevria imisTana saucxovo piri, imisTana qveynis keTilismyofeli, romelmac
daanaxos dabneul sazogadoebas, rom sazogado sikeTe Cveni, ese igi, Seni da Cemi
sikeTea, rom rac ufro mkvidri da vrcelia sazogado sargebloba, miT ufro mkvidr da
Seuryevel safuZvelze damyarebulia yoveli kerZo piris sikeTe da keTildReoba? bevria
imisTana piri, romelic Cagvidgams Cven am `sazogado suls~, gviCvenebs am
sazogado mizans, gagvimagrebs xasiaTs, agvimaRlebs grZnobas, moerideba
dabrkolebas da migvawvdinebs sazogadoebis maRal mizans _ yvelas da TiToeulis
bednierebas?..
udardelaT, uzrunvelaT vucqeriT Cven yovelgvar uxeirobas, sicudes da
avkacobas, TiTqo es saqme Cven ar Segvexebodes, TiTqo Cveni maxlobeli Cveni
sisxlis ar iyos da mis beds da ubedobas Cvenze araviTari gavlena ar hqondes. Cven
SeuryevlaT vstkbebiT Cvens sakuTar kerZo cxovrebaSi, sanam Cvens sakuTar tyavs
ar Seexeba is seni da is vneba, romelic wineT Cvens maxlobels miadga. maSin ki
Cven xmamaRla Rrials da godebas viwyebT. magram Cvens ubedobas maxlobeli
imnairive gulgrilobiT gulxeldakrefili dacqeris, rogoriTac Cven mis ubedurebas
davyurebdiT, TiTo TiTos, cal-calke, nelnela, SeuniSnavad gvWams Cveni zneobiTi
seni da Cven ki, uxasiaTobisa da uzrunvelobis gamo, ar vscdilobT, rom erTaT,
ZmuraT Tavidan moviciloT zemoxsenebuli seni, romelic yvelas cal-calke, magram
mainc yvelas erTnairaT gvawuxebs da gvamdablebs...
mkiTxvels, albaT, hgonia, rom Cven metismetaT gadavuxvieT am naweris
sagans _ `krebulis~ daniSnulebas _ da iseT sagnebs SevexeviT, romelTac araferi
damokidebuleba ara aqvT Jurnalis xasiaTze. am SemTxvevaSi is scdeba, radganac
yoveli xeiriani Jurnalis daniSnuleba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom sazogado
mdgomareoba gamoxatos da sazogado mizans miuaxlovos Tavisi sazogadoeba.
`krebulsac~ (romelsac xeirian JurnalaT yofna hsurs) unda TavdapirvelaTve gaesinja
Tavisi momavali gza, ese igi, gamoekvlia sazogado saWiroeba da gamoeZebna is
saSualeba, romliTac SesaZlebelia Tanadrouli cxovrebis gaumjobeseba. wina furclebs
meti mizani ara hqoniaT.
exla Cven advilaT SegviZlia gamoviyenoT zemonaTqvamidan Cveni Semdegi
moqmedebis rigi da wesi.
raki kacis bedniereba qveyanaze SesaZlebelia, raki kacs bunebaze imodena
Zala da gavlena aqvs, rom SeuZlia am bednierebis gzis SemxuTveli dabrkolebebi
moicilos, raki am saqmisTvis aucileblaT saWiroa xeiriani codna, Sroma da patiosani
xasiaTi, _ ueWvelia, rom yovel patiosan kacs Cveni qveynisTvis es sikeTeebi unda
surdes da yoveli patiosani Jurnali mTel Tavis cdas da gonebas imas unda alevdes, Tu
ra gziT da ranairad SeuZlia sazogadoebas am xeiriani codnis, Sromis da patiosani
xasiaTis SeZena da sasargebloT moxmareba. ueWvelia, rom yoveli patiosani Jurnali
niadag im mizans unda misdevdes, rom gaacnos mkiTxveli sazogadoeba
dawvrilebiT xeirian gzas, Seayvaros imas Sroma da codna, Caudgas da aRzardos
masSi patiosani xasiaTi da SeaZulos, Seazaros is ganxeTqileba, erTmaneTis gleja,
erTi meoris Seubralebloba, SeazizRos is SesazizRebeli moqmedebebi, romelnic bolos
uReben sazogado bednierebas da abrkoleben mis warmatebas.
`krebuls~ niadag Tvalwin es mizani eqneba, radgan imas mxurvaleT unda
daimsaxuros patiosani da sasargeblo Jurnalis saxeli. ramdenaT miawevs is am
miznamdi, es RmerTma icis: literaturuli asparezi vardebiT mofenili rodia, zed siaruli
da moqmedeba metaT Znelia. magram am siZneleSiac `krebuli~ yovelTvis im azriT
Caidgams suls da simxneves moimatebs, rom mis Sromas miznaT sazogado
sargebloba da sikeTe aqvs.
[1871 w.]

48

pirvelnabeWdi _ `krebuli~, 1871, #3.

niko nikolaZe
franguli presis dekadansi
(nawyvetebi)
periodulma presam, gansakuTrebiT ki yoveldRiurma, safrangeTSi mxolod
revoluciis Semdeg gaidga fesvi. Zveli reJimi mas ver aitanda. policia,
cenzura, wodebrivi privilegia, bastilia da yovelive is, rac aqedan
gamomdinareobda, iseTi xasiaTis iyo, rom mis Tavisufal ganviTarebas xels ar
Seuwyobda. es winaaRmdegobani gacamtverda im dRes, roca Zveli reJimis
saZirkveli daingra. ai, maSin daibada presa. magram safrangeTi ukve
gadaqceuliyo mZafr politikur SejaxebaTa msxverplad. mTel ers Tvali
mipyrobili hqonda im asparezisaken, sadac yvela wminda principi da yvelaze
mniSvnelovani pirovnebani gaafTrebiT ibrZodnen. nebsiT Tu uneblieT,
49

axladdabadebuli presa am Sexla-Semoxlas unda gahyoloda da monawileoba

mieRo brZolebSi. Seqmnili viTarebis gamo misi arsebobis erTaderTi wyaro iyo
is, rom igi wakiTxuli yofiliyo.
isini, vinc brZolas xelmZRvanelobdnen da vinc, ase Tu ise, Careuli iyo am
brZolebSi, Cqara mixvdnen, Tu ra sargeblobis motana SeeZlo maTTvis
presas, raki mas TavianTi miznebisa da miswrafebebis sasargeblod
gamoiyenebdnen. am epoqaSi ki, roca yovelgvari xidan mSvildisrebs
amzadebdnen, SeuZlebelia aseTi mZlavri iaraRi ugulebeleyoT. yoveli mxridan
daesien presas, raTa brZolis iaraRad eqciaT igi. amgvarad, presa, romelmac
dabadeba verc ki moaswro, da romelsac sazogadoeba Zlivs icnobda, partiebs
Cauvarda xelSi; partiebma igi maSinve gadaaqcies omis manqanad, romelic
gankuTvnili iyo maT SexedulebaTa propagandisaTvis da mowinaaRmdegeTa
dasaTrgunavad.
amis Semdeg presis mdgomareoba TiTqmis ar Secvlila, arsebiTad mainc.
mTavrobebi erTmaneTs cvlidnen da icvlidnen formebs, Sexedulebebs,
miznebs, presis mimarT ki erTnair damokidebulebas iCendnen. yvela isini
TavianTi gegmebis ganxorcielebisaTvis iyenebdnen presas da amave dros
yovel ZalRones, raTa igi sakuTari Tavisadmi uvnebeli gaexadaT. maT arasodes
Tavi ar SeuwuxebiaT gaegoT, valdebulia Tu ara saxalxo saqmeTa
xelmZRvaneloba dainteresdes imiT, rom ers gaaCndes patiosani da gonieri
presa, romelsac Seswevs unari udidesi samsaxuri gauwios xalxs Tavisi
cnobebis sizustiT da mosazrebaTa miukerZoeblobiT. maT aseve arafrad
miaCniaT codna imisa, Tu ra didi daxmarebis gaweva SeeZlo presas saxalxo
ganaTlebis ganviTarebisaTvis da xalxis politikuri aRzrdisaTvis. magram,
samagierod, arasodes araferi, rac adamianis Zalasa da Rones aRemateboda,
ar dauzogavT, raTa gaexrwnaT presa da misTvis piri aekraT. amasTan, arcTu
kargad axsovdaT, ra samsaxuri gauwia maT presam im dros, roca jer kidev
Zalauflebas ipyrobdnen. amitom TviTeuli saxelmwifo cdilobda igi
gadmoebirebina da, cbierebiTa da ZaladobiT, Tavisi mowinaaRmdegebisaTvis
es saSiSi Zala waerTmia. igi aarsebda oficialur gazeTebs, yidulobda an
qiraobda yovelives, rac iyideboda da qiravdeboda. izidavda Tavisken sxvasac
_ mousyidvelT iseTi sapatio jildoebis meSveobiT, rogoricaa senatis savarZeli,
prefeqtura, saelCo, xarkebis mTavari amkrefoba da sxva. da Tu kidev
gadarCeboda ori an sami mouTvinierebeli gazeTi, maT winaaRmdeg kanons
kanonze gamoscemda da jarimebis, gafrTxilebebis, sapatimroebis, daxurvisa
da likvidaciis mTeli arsenaliT aRiWurveboda. politikuri statiis dawera
Jurnalistebs zogjer gadasaxlebad da mTel sicocxledac ujdebodaT.
amgvari viTarebis gamo, presas yovelTvis ori mimdinareoba miaqanebda
ori, diametralurad sawinaaRmdego, mimarTulebiT, romlis Tavidan acdena
dResdReobiT TiTqmis SeuZlebeli gamxdara. im dros, rodesac JurnalistTa erTi
nawili, administraciul mfarvelobas daxarbebuli, suliTa da xorciT icavda
arsebul xelisuflebas da misi mesaidumle da rupori xdeboda, meore nawili
emxroboda yvelafers imas, rac mTavrobas ewinaaRmdegeboda da cdilobda
gazeTi gadaeqcia dasayrdenad da Zalad, romlis daxmarebiT saxelmwifo
Zalauflebas SeebrZoleboda. vinaidan amqveynad yvelaferi jildovdeba,
JurnalistTa pirveli nawili cxovrobda mTavrobis mier miniWebuli privilegiebiT,
xolo meore nawili, administraciul mowyalebas moklebuli, Tavs inugeSebda
mkiTxvelTa da xelmomwerTa cotad Tu bevrad gazrdili ricxviT, romelic
safrangeTSi xelisuflebiT ukmayofilo presas arasodes ar moakldeba...
JurnalistTa Soris pirveli adgili daiWira da TandaTan mravalricxovani xdeba
lanZRva-ginebis moyvaruli kalmosnebi. maTi meTodia uwmawuri sityvebis
xmareba. isini provokatorulad da sruliad TavzexelaRebulad afrqveven
50

gabedul frazebs, gadmoscemen Semoklebul Worebs; xalxs Tavs ise

aCveneben, viTomc darwmunebulni iyvnen ara mxolod sakuTar TavSi, aramed
TavianTi sityvebis simarTleSic. myvirala patriotizmis Sesaxeb warmoTqmuli
carieli sityvebiT isini qveyanas atyueben da imeds amyareben zogis
uvicobaze, zogis cud mexsierebaze, gansakuTrebiT ki masebis
gulubryvilobaze... am juris Jurnalistebi weren upiratesad bentera,
daufiqrebeli mkiTxvelebisaTvis, romelTaTvis gazeTis ukanaskneli statia aris
uflebisa da rwmenis erTaderTi kodeqsi. amgvari Jurnalistis mTeli logika, mTeli
mWevrmetyveleba, mTeli codna ixateba arakeTilsindisierebiTa da usircxvilo
yalTabandobiT SeTiTxnili nawerebis mxolod qedmaRlur da Tavxedur tonSi.
magram vai, rom mxolod es tonia misi Semoqmedebis mTeli Zala.
mraval gazeTSi warmateba moipova JurnalistTa erTma wyebam, jiSma,
romelsac darvini siamovnebiT uwodebda `buSs~: es Jurnalisti-reklamaa,
Jurnalisti-modis Semomtani. igi mxolod imaze laparakobs, rac davalebuli
aqvs Seaqos da saxeli gauTqvas. erT dRes, damijereT, igi mogiyvebaT patara
ambebs, metad umniSvnelos, gulubryvilos. meore dRes daubrundeba isev
am ambavs, daumatebs wvrilmans da marjved, SeumCnevlad Semoaparebs
im firmis misamarTsa da nomers, romelzedac, viTomda araferiao, ostaturad
CaurTavs yovelgvar sikeTes da saqmec gakeTebulia. am meTods iyeneben ara
marto imisaTvis, rom `saqmeebs~ gauTqvan saxeli, aramed kaxpebsac da,
ra Tqma unda, maTs patronebsac. advili savaraudoa, ramden fuls igeben am
xelobiT da aseve advili warmosadgenia, Tu ramden fiqrsa da STagonebas
xarjaven masze.
samarcxvinoa, magram unda iTqvas, rom parizSi oTxi Tu xuTi didi gazeTi
mxolod am xelobiT arsebobs. maT Ria cis qveS gamoufeniaT kalami da
presa, gamzadebuli yvelaze meti fulis mimcemisa da fasis mommatebelis
samsaxurisaTvis. eseni gaxlavT organizebuli SantaJisa da modis SemTiTxni
saxelosnoebi...
JurnalistTa CamoTvlil saxeobaTa garda SeimCneva niWieri adamianebi,
uaRresad patiosani da gulwrfeli, romlebic mTel sicocxles swiraven im
saqmes, romelic marTali hgoniaT, an im azrs, romelic marTlac maTi
sakuTrebaa. magram eseni imdenad iSviaTni arian, rom ikargebian uvicsa da
gulgril, ubadruki mjRabnelebis brboSi, romelic WiaRuasaviT axvevia yvela
gazeTs...
yuradRebiT gadaikiTxeT nacionalur biblioTekaSi an romelime literaturul
kabinetSic gsurT, yvela parizuli gazeTis koleqciebi da gancvifrdebiT: _ Tqven
dainaxavT, rom am ukanaskneli xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, romelic savse iyo
uaRresad tragikuli da uaRresad mniSvnelovani movlenebiT, presam ver
warmoSva erTi mZlavri, uangaro mweralic ki, romelic SesZlebda Tavisi
Semoqmedeba ganemsWvala mware gulgatexilobis gadamdebi ZaliT, sisxliT
gaJRenTili sayvedurebiT da ukeTesi momavlisaken mimarTuli warmtaci
survilebiT. amaod gadaikiTxavT uamrav nomrebs, romelTac SeZles
esuldgmulaT imden xans, ramden xansac cxovrobs qinqli, _ erTi dRis
ganmavlobaSi, _ maTSi ver ipoviT gulidan amoxeTqil erT akordsac, verc iseT
suraTs, romelic adamianis gonebas aaRelvebda da Sig samudamod
STaibeWdeboda, verc erT im diad azrs, romliTac esoden zRaprulad mdidari da
guluxvad mfantveli iyo odesRac safrangeTi. yovelive dawvrilmanda, raqituli
gaxda; aRarc mZlavri amosunTqva, aRarc rwmena, yvelaferi aRbeWdilia
politikuri dajgufebis saqmianobiT, yvelafers duqnis suni asdis. asi nabijidanve
mosCans xelovnuri kbilebi da zizil-pipiloebi kalmis yvela raindisa, romlebic
cxrapir tyavs iZroben, rom TavianT gigant winamorbedebs daemsgavson. da
51

am muyaos mebrZolebs hgoniaT, rom safrangeTis politikuri cxovrebis

marTvas SesZleben; da am ZaliT fiqroben masze gavlenis moxdenas!..
presas unda ganesazRvra, da amgvarad ufro xelSesaxebi unda gaexada
qveynis moTxovnilebani, raTa maTi kanonieri dakmayofilebisaTvis pirobebi
moemzadebina... dRes mas iyeneben TiTqmis carieli niadagis
mosakoxtaveblad, azrTa ubadrukobis dasafaravad da brwyinvale foierverkiT
xalxis misazidad... magram ideebis, mTeli inteleqtualuri cxovrebis Secvla
umizno da usagno foierverkTa mTeli rigiT _ es aris Sehqmna xelovneba
xelovnebisaTvis, gaxrwna sazogadoebis goneba da masSi gamoaRviZo
gasarTobebisa da speqtaklebis moTxovnileba, rac ucxadesi niSania eris
moraluri dekadansisa da misi, rogorc gvamis, gaxrwnisa...
droa es mdgomareoba sabolood Sewydes da franguli presa gaTavisufldes
nebayoflobiTi monobisgan, radgan seriozul zians ayenebs TviT safrangeTis
interesebsa da momavals. droa, moicilos uReli zogierTi politikuri Tu finansuri
intriganisa da pativmoyvarisa, romlebic mas moxerxebulad iyeneben
sazogadoebis azrTa falsifikaciisaTvis... dRes, rodesac sazogadoeba
mniSvnelovnad gaizarda, presa amaod amoZravebs Tavis Zvel wiTel an TeTr
moCvenebebs, amaod mimarTavs ciliswamebebs da Seuracxyofas: es mTeli
misi wvrilmani lanZRva-gineba, mTeli misi arakeTilsindisiereba dRes mis
winaaRmdeg Semotrialda da nel cecxlze swvavs mas; sazogadoebrivi azris
marTva, politikuri cxovrebis gansazRvra xelidan usxlteba mTlianad. Tuki
mainc jiutad gahyveba gzas, romelmac am sacodav mdgomareobamde
miiyvana, misi saqme amis Semdeg xelidan wasulia. igi zustad ise
daasrulebs Tavis sicocxles, rogorc antikur saberZneTSi daasrules sicocxle
orakulebma da sofistebma: xalxis srul gulgrilobas zizRi mohyveba da es
iqneba sikvdilis win ukanaskneli dartyma.
am aucilebeli safrTxis Tavidan asacileblad presas mxolod erTi gza
darCenia _ uari Tqvas yovelgvar patar-patara politikur xrikebze, daiviwyos
mTeli Tavisi intrigebi da ciliswamebani, Tavidan moiSoros arakeTilsindisiereba
da pretenziebi... erTaderTi amocana, romelic didi, civilizebuli qveynis presas
akisria, es aris xalxis gacnobiereba, patiosnad da mTeli SesaZleblobiT
gaSuqeba realuri cxovrebisa da Tanamedrove samyaros inteleqtualuri
progresisa. franguli presis TiTqmis mzeCasvenebuli gavlenis aRdgenis
erTaderT saSualebas aRniSnuli amocanis keTilsindisierad Sesruleba
warmoadgens.
parizi. 1875 w.

52

sergei mesxi
Cveni mamebi da Svilebi
Tqven uswavlelno,
cru rusTavelno!
raT wagvibilweT ena mdidari?
mtroba enisa
ars mtroba qveynis...
Cirqi raT moscxeT taZarsa wmindas?
Ppasuxi
Ggvian Tu male,
dResa Tu xvale,
rac enas vcodeT, is gaswordeba;
magram ki Tqveni
mrude saqmeni
isev iseve mrudeT darCeba!
verc erT iseT xalxsa da sazogadoebas ver mosZebniT dedamiwaze, rom yvela
imis Semadgeneli wevri erTnairaT sjides da erTnairi azris iyves. Tu romelime
sazogadoeba pirutyulaT ar cxovrobs da SeCveulia gonebiT sjasa da mofiqrebas,
darwmunebuli iyaviT, rom am sazogadoebis erTi nawili sxvanairaT sjis yovel
saganze da meore nawili kidev sxvanairaT. es sjisa da azrebis gansxvaveba da
Setakeba rom ar iyos, rogorc amboben, arc warmateba iqnebodao. marTlac, xSirad
WeSmariteba mxolod maSin aRmoCndeba, rodesac ori an meti, erTmaneTis
mopirdapire azri Seebmian da daetakebian erTmaneTs.
E es gansxvaveba azrisa da Sexedulebisa yvelaze ufro cxadaT ixateba da moCans
or Taobas Sua: moxucebulebsa da axalgazrdebs Sua. romeli qveyanac gnebavT,
aiReT da daakvirdiT amis Sinagan cxovrebas, uTuoT SeamCnevT, rom TiTqmis yovel

53

saganze moxucebuli sxvagvaraT sjis da axalgazrda ki sul sxvanairaT. TiTqmis yovel

sazogado da Sinaurul saqmeebze mamas erTi Sexeduloba aqvs da Svils meore.
aviRoT magaliTaT safrangeTi: warsuli cxovrebis magaliTma Zalian naklebaT aswavla
Wkua iqaur moxucebulebs: Tumca napoleonis imperiam da sazogadoT monarxiam
uangariSo ziani moutana safrangeTs, magram umetesi nawili moxucebulebisa
amJamad mainc Zveli wesis dabrunebas natruloben. axalgazrdebi ki respublikis
momxreni arian sazogadoT. aqaur moxucebulebs hsurT daicvan mama-papuri wesi
da Cveuleba, axalgazrdebi ki axal gzaze dadgomas cdiloben. moigones, vsTqvaT,
sadme romelime axali maSina, an romelime swavlulma axali Teoria warmosTqva, im
wamsve moxucebulebi daiwyeben yvirils, rom es maSina ar varga, Zveli sjobiao,
axali Teoria Semcdari da sarwmunoebis uaris myofeli Teoria ariso da sxv. es
gansxvaveba moxucebulebsa da axalgazrdebs Sua xSirad sul ubralo da wvrilman
sagnebSiac moCans:
vin ar daswrebia, magaliTad, amgvar mamisa da vaJis da dedisa da qalis
Cxubs: vaJs uyidnia axali modis palto; mamas is ar moswonebia, an cudi ferisaao,
ambobs, an cudaT aris Sekerilio. qals axali Tavsakravi an mosasxami unda iyidos;
dedas arcerTi ar moswons da aris amis Taobaze ojaxSi erTi gauwynarebeli Cxubi da
ayal-mayali.
es garemoeba, rom mamebsa da Svilebsa da sazogadoT moxucebulebs da
axalgazrdebs gansxvavebuli Sexeduleba aqvT TiTqmis yovel saganze, gasakvirveli
ar aris da adviladac aixsneba im Wkvianuri andaziT, romelic ambobs: `Cveuleba
sjulze umtkicesiao~. gamocdilebiT da dakvirvebiT viciT, rom yoveli kaci Tu rasmes
iZens gonebis gasamdidrebels, iZens mxolod axalgazrdobaSi. axalgazrdis cocxali da
mRviZare Wkua-goneba Zalian advilad iTvisebs yovel axal azrs da swavlas.
moxucebulobaSi ki kaci am axalgazrdobis rols SeTvisebuli rwmunebebiT da swavliT
cxovrobs. imas xorcaT da sisxlaT gadaqcevia didi xnidan SeTvisebuli azrebi da
rwmunebani da Znelad gamoeTxoveba maT. erTi sityviT, moxucebuli gaCerebulia
erT wertilze da Tavis rwmena da azri imas sjulaT miaCnia. sruliad amis winaaRmdegi
unda iTqvas axalgazrdobaze. axalgazrda kacis Wkuas jer araferi ar SeuTvisebia,
imas jer araferi ar gauxdia Tavis sjulaT. Amitom mas ar uZneldeba romelime axali
swavlis an rwmenis miReba. imis jer cxovrebisagan gaufuWebeli da daRdausmeli
guli da goneba yovelTvis iseT axal swavlas mieltvis, romelic sazogadoebis
warmatebas da cxovrebis gaumjobesebas gvpirdeba...
dro win midis, imas Tan moaqvs axali swavla, axali Cveulebani. axalgazrdebi
iTviseben am axal swavlas da Cveulebas da moxucebulebi ki Zvels, mama-papur
adaTs ar Sordebian... ai aqedan warmosdgeba is gansxvaveba da xSirad
uTanxmoeba da siZulvili, romelic moxucebulebsa da axalgazrdebs Soris arsebobs.
yvela es mosazreba marTldeba Cvens patara sazogadoebaSiac. rogorc
sxvagan, CvenSiac ismis xSirad Civili da ukmayofileba mooxucebulebsa da
axalgazrdebs Sua. am ukmayofilebam ukanasknel dros iqamdi miaRwia, rom es ori
nawili Cveni sazogadoebisa xSiraT erTmaneTs sxvadasxva lamazi sityvebiT
amkobs...
Cveni mamebi bralad sdeben Svilebs, rom Tqven urwmunoni, usaqmoni da
liberalebi xarTo, ena wagvibilweTo da sxva sazogado sikeTeze daudevrobasa da
mxoloT Tavis sakuTar Tavze zrunvas abraleben moxucebulebs. amas garda, orive
mxriv bevri gasamtyunari punqtia warmodgenili; magram yvela rom CamovTvaloT,
raSiac es ori mxare erTmaneTs amtyunebs, erTob Sors wava. dRes Cven gvindoda
mxolod gveCvenebina mkiTxvelisaTvis, rom Cveni sazogadoebis ors nawils Soris,
moxucebulebsa da axalgazrdebs Soris, ukmayofileba da daundobloba sufevs da rom
am garemoebas xeiris dayra ar SeuZlia CvenTvis.
marTla, davaneboT Tavi imis ganxilvas, Tu romelma mxarem ufro meti
sargebloba moutana Cvens qveyanas? moxucebulebma Tu axalgazrdebma ufro
bevri daexmarnen Cvens mxares sazogado saqmeebSi da xalxis keTildReobis
misaRwevad? kargad rom davfiqrdeT da gulze xeli davidvaT, unda gavtydeT, rom
jerjerobiT sikeTe arc erT mxares ar moutania Tavis sazogadoebisaTvis.

54

Cveni qveyana exla iseT mdgomareobaSia, rom imisTvis aucileblaT saWiroa

yvela qarTveli uwyobdes xels sazogado saqmeebs da exmarebodes am sazogado
saqmeebis swor gzaze dadgomas. yoveli sazogadoebis wevri Tavis SeZlebis
dagvarad unda scdilobdes raime sargebloba da daxmareba uZRvnas Tavis
sazogadoebas. vin ar icis, rom es daxmareba da sikeTe mxolod maSin iqneba
SesamCneveli da sagrZnobeli, rodesac yvelani erTaT imoqmedeben? maSasadame,
am urTierTobis ganxeTqilebisagan, am mamebisa da Svilebis, moxucebulebisa da
axalgazrdobis ukmayofilebisa da daundoblobisagan ra sikeTes unda moelodes Cveni
sazogadoeba?! Cveni mtrebi aris: umecreba, siRaribe da sxva aTasi da Tu
erTmaneTSi Suri da daundobloba ar movspeT, ueWvelia, es mtrebi sruliad
dagvimorCileben da dagvCagraven Cvena.
ukanasknel or WeSmaritebas gamovTqvam, romelic gTxovT, yvelam kargaT
CainergoT gulSi:
1.
sazogado gaWirvebas sazogado daxmareba unda,
2.
momavali yovelTvis axalgazrdobas ekuTvnis.
[1872]

pirvelnabeWdi _ `droeba~, 1872, #7.

sergei mesxi
axali mimarTuleba Cveni axal-Taobisa
ra mimarTuleba hqondaT am aTi wlis winaT Cvens axalgazrdebs? ras
swavlobdnen isini ruseTis sxvadasxva umaRles saswavleblebSi? riTi Svelodnen
Semdeg TavianT gamzrdel samSoblos? ra sargebloba mohqondaT `ganaTlebul
axalgazrdebs~ Cveni qveynisaTvis? es da amgvari kiTxvebi imdenjer aRZrula Cvens
sazogadoebaSi da literaturaSi da imaTi pasuxi imdenjer garkveviT Tqmula, rom exla
xelaxla dawvrilebiT amaze laparaki, ueWvelia, mkiTxvels Tavs moabezrebs. vityviT
mxolod imas, rom Cveni aTi da oci wlis winaT gamozrdili ymawvili kacebi mxoloT
CinovnikobisaTvis iyvnen momzadebulni. Tavidanve imaT iseTi mimarTuleba
hqondaT micemuli da Semdeg swavlasac iseTs iRebdnen, rom an CinovnikaT unda
wasuliyvnen da an sul tyuil-ubraloT, usaqmoT da umiznod moeklaT dro. erTs xeirian
meojaxes, meurneobis mcodnesa, erTs raime sagnis mwarmoebels ver naxavT
Cvens Soris. iSviaTad naxavT iseT axalgazrda naswavls, romelsac Tavisi swavla
romlisame kerZo saqmis dawyebaSi gamoeyenebinos. magram rogorc zeviT
vsTqviT, es azrebi Zveli da gacveTili azrebia da amis gamo Cvens Zveli axal Taobis
mimarTulebaze bevrs nu vilaparakebT.
dRes gvinda vsTqvaT ramdenime sityva erTs movlinebaze, romelic, ueWvelia,
yvelasaTvis Zlier sasiamovno ambavs unda Seadgendes: Cven gvinda vsTqvaT im
ltolvilebaze, romelic ukanasknel Taobis axalgazrdebma gamoiCines.
Cveni ukanaskneli Taoba aTasis magaliTiT darwmunda, rom Cinovnikoba arc
sakuTriv imaT da arc sazogadoT imaT samSoblo qveyanas magden sargeblobas ar
aZlevs da keTils aras matebs. es mosazreba didi xania cxadia da advilad
SesamCnevi unda yofiliyo imaTTvis, romelnic mogonebiT dabrmavebulni ar iyvnen
da Cveni naswavl Cinovnikebis cxovrebasa da yofaqcevas xedavdnen. magram
naTqvamia: WeSmariteba swori gziT arasodes ar moinaxebao. raki Cveni axalTaoba
namdvilaT darwmunda, rom es Zveli gza yovels SemTxvevaSi gamousadegari da
xandaxan mavnebeli gza iyo, Seudga axali gzis monaxvas da, am axali Taobis
saqebraT unda vsTqvaT, rom es axali gza imaT male monaxes. es gza dasavleTi
evropis gza aris.
sikvdilis Semdeg sinanuls rom raime mniSvneloba hqondes, Cven vitirebdiT im
dakargul drosa da axalgazrdebs, romelnic tyuil-ubraloT CaiRupnen, sanam es swori
gza moinaxeboda, magram radgan sikvdilis Semdeg sinanuli araferSi

55

gamogvadgeba, amitom ubralo cremlebs Tavi davaneboT da gvixarodes, rom Cveni

ukanaskneli Taoba swor gzas daadga.
yovelgvari codnisa, ganaTlebisa, cxovrebis gaumjobesebisa da warmatebis
wyaro jerjerobiT dasavleTi evropa aris. yvela xalxi, da maT Soris rusebic, am wyaros
ewafebian da aqedan gamoaqvT yvelaferi, rac ki saukeTesoa, kacis manugeSebelia
da win wamwevi xalxTa cxovrebaSi. Tavis Tavis da Tavis qveynis win waweva mxoloT
imas SeuZlia, visac evropis cxovreba da mecniereba kargaT da WeSmaritaT
gaucvnia. gaunaTlebelsa da Rarib sazogadoebas mxoloT is kaci moutans
sargeblobas, romelic TviTon evropul swavla-mecnierebaSi ganviTarebulia da Tavis
TvaliT unaxavs da Seuswavlia siRaribis momspobeli da keTildReobis momniWebeli
saxsrebi. sxva ara iyos-ra, ubralo danaxvac ganaTlebul erTa cxovrebisa da
mecnierebis nayofisa ara mcired sargeblobas moutans iseTis qveynis Svils, rogoric
Cvenia. tyuilad ki ar amboben CvenSi, rodesac romelime kacis Rirsebazed ityvian:
`am kacs qveyana unaxavs, ganaTlebuli kaciao!~ am azrs Tavisi safuZveli aqvs.
magram Cven darwmunebulni varT, rom Cveni axali Taoba marto `qveynis
sanaxavaT~ ar midis evropaSi. am SemTxvevaSi isini ufro gonieri azriT
xelmZRavneloben: isini midian evropuli swavla-mecnierebisa da cxovrebis
gasacnobaT da Semdeg amaebis Tavis qveyanaSi dasamkvidreblaT. vin
gaamtyunebs imaT amgvari ganzraxvisaTvis? vin gabedavs imis Tqmas, rom
dasavleTi evropis cxovrebis wabaZva da iqidan pirdapir mecnierebis gadmotana
aTas wilad ukeTesi ar iqneba CvenTvis, vidre sxva romelime qveynidan? gana
yovelTvis im wyaros wyali ar sjobia, romelic pirdapir miwidan amoCuxCuxebs da
gana ar iciT, rom wyarodan moSorebuli wyali xandaxan iseT rameebs SeiTvisebs
gzaSi, rom Semdeg amis gamoyeneba TiTqmis SeuZlebelia?
maS mivesalmoT am axal movlinebas da gza davulocoT im axalgazrdebs,
romelnic miiltvian evropisaken wminda wyaros dasawafeblaT. Cven imedi gvaqvs,
erTi dasavleT evropaSi gazrdili qarTveli Tavis swavliTa da samagaliTo cxovrebiT ufro
mometebul sargeblobas SesZens Cvens RonisZiebiT sawyals, magram bunebiT
mdidar saqarTvelos, vidre xuTi da aTi sxva qveyanaSi gamozrdili.
[1872]
pirvelnabeWdi _ `droeba~, 1872, #41.

56

vaJa-fSavela
fiqrebi
unda vifiqro, vinaidgan fiqri aRkrZaluli ar aris: fiqri sxvaa, saqme sxvaa, Sua
uZevs didi zRvari. RmerTma daifaros fiqrisTvisac rom sasjeli iyos dawesebuli, aTasSi
erTi Tu gahbedavda fiqrs, Torem cxraas oTxmocdacxrameti daemsgavseboda im
lodebs, Cem pirdapir beqidgan rom gamoiyurebian gamtknarebulni, galuluCebulni,
sawylad, beCavad. Sesrulda ormoci weli, rac me imaT SevCerebivar, an ki saiT
avcdebi? ra wamsac saxlis karebSi Tavs gamovyof, TvalebSi isini mecemian. diaR,
SevCerebivar me imaT, isini me da aba, ar iqna, erTxel xma-krinti ar dauZravT...
saSinelebaa!.. magram viTmen imitom, rom, rac unda vecado, lodebs xmas ver
amovaRebineb, enas ver Cavudgam. brazi ki momdis RvTisa winaSe da amitom
imaT magivrad me movyvebi ybedobas, viTom isini laparakoben, ra aris, minda rom
iubnon da amiTi Cems Tavs meve vatyueb. mec swored ise memarTeba, rogorc
odesme erTs xevsurs dahmarTnia: Zmobilma sizmarSi franguli (xmali) aCuqa da es
uarzed dadga: ar mi eg, rad mi (minda)?! magas daviTferul (xmali) mirCev me!~
ise xmamaRla ganacxada uari, rom Tavis yvirilze gamoeRviZa da, ra naxa Tavisi Tavi
unugeSod darCenili, Semoikra TavSi da pirSi, ra mindoda, xmali CamomerTvao.
adga da xelmeored daiZina, imedi hqonda, imave sizmarsa vnaxav da xmalsac
viSovio. magram amaod, sizmari aRar ganmeorda. ratom, Tavis motyuebac kargia,
roca igi siamovnebasa hgvris adamians, magram sakeTilod Tu savalalod, es Tqven
TiTon gansajeT, WkvaTamyofeli adamiani Tavs tyuiliT ar dauwyebs kvebas,
sinamdviles pasuxs miscems.
sinamdvile raRa xilia?
_ sxva ra unda iyos, Tu ara is, rasac TvaliT namdvilad yvela vxedavT da rac
yuriT gvesmis; isic ki unda CaiTvalos sinamdviled, rasac naxulisa da gagonilis gamo
vgrZnobT. maSasadame, sinamdvilea cxovreba Cveni da misi pirobani, agreTve
isini, visac Cven vxedavT, visTanac Cven ase Tu ise damokidebuleba gvaqvs, da TviT
buneba garemo Cvensa. ra Tqma unda, namdvilia, rom Cven, qarTvelebi, eri varT
da rogori mere? amis pasuxad iseTs veras vityviT, rom an Cven TviTon ar gveTqvas
da ar vambobdeT Tavis Tavzed, an sxvas, ucxoels, gareSe adamians ar eTqvas
Cvenzed. simarTle da sinamdvile ki is iqneba, vTqvaT, qarTvelebs iseTi avi zne
araferi gvWirs, sxva ersac ara sWirebodes, an ara sWirdes, magram imaT
arsebobas, sicocxles da bedniers momavals arc erTi Wkviani adamiani ar uarhyofs.
Cven ki, awmyosagan gamwarebulni, eWvis TvaliT, usasood SevyurebT momavals,
qarTveli eri daberdao. amisTana azri gana Wkuisa da codnis nayofia?
_ sruliadac ara. maS risa, an visi bralia? jer erTi, imisa, rom yvelafers, rasac
wignidan amoikiTxavs kaci, daijerebs auwon-dauwonavad da meorec imisa,
wakiTxuls swored ver gaigebs. mogexsenebaT, mecnierma ogust kontma eris

57

sicocxle Seudara adamianis sicocxles da sTqva eri imave xanebs gamoivlis

sicocxlisas, rasac adamiani Tavis gaCenis dRidgano, e. i. siymawviles, siWabukes,
davaJkacebas da sxvadasxv. xolo konts arsad ar uTqvams, rom aucileblad,
usaTuod yvela ers sibere da sikvdili moeliso. kidec rom eTqva, gana unda
davijeroT? gana kontebma, kantebma da spenserebma rom sisulele wamoroSon,
vinaidgan kacni varT, ris gamoc bevrjel SevcdebiT da movtyuvdebiT, Cven imaT
piridgan amosuli bajaRlo oqrod unda miviRoT?! gana spenseri ar motyuvda
adamianis sxeuli sazogadoebrivs sxeuls rom Seudara da Seubadla, raTa
gaemarTlebina, pirnaTlad gamoeyvana qveynis TvalSi monarqiuli burJuaziuli weswyobileba? (safuZvelni sociologiisa~), magram arc erTma Wkua-gonebis patronma
naswavlma ar miiRo es Sebadleba bajaRlo oqrod. bolos ipriana RmerTma da TiTon
spensermave sxva Tavis TxzulebaSi (ganviTareba politikur dawesebulebaTa~)
uarhyo es azri.
eris siberes da sikvdils isini daijereben marto, vinc cxovrebis pirobebis gareSe
sxva raRac uxilavs Zalas hxedaven, romelic arc caSi da arc dedamiwazed ar
arsebobs da JamTa brunvis sivrceSia viTom gabneuli, an kidev sadme wignSi sweria,
ratom Rrmad ar unda viyvneT darwmunebulni, rom eri mudam cocxalia da arc
mokvdeba, vidre misi yofa-cxovrebis pirobebi macxovrebelis Tvisebisani arian?
romel ersac es kargad esmis da sasicocxlo pirobebs icavs, inaxavs, igi mudam
cocxali, bednieri, jan-RoniT savsea, imas arc sibere moekideba, arc sikvdili. romis
imperiao, gaiZaxian, daberda da daecao. daberda oRondac, magram sxvam xom ar
daabera igi, aramed Tavi Tvisi TiTon daabera da daauZlura. yvela ersac eseve
daemarTeba, ukeTu igi sicocxlis wyaros ar ewafeba, Tavisis cxovrebisaTvis
gamosadegs viTarebas ar Sehqmnis da, Tu aqvs, ar inaxavs, magrad ar uWidia xeli.
es dResaviT, mzesaviT naTelia, aSkaraa.
inteligencias an ki ra ufleba gvaqvs _ Cvens sicocxliT savse ers amisTana
Seuferebeli ganaCeni daudginoT ase Tamamad, kadnierebiT?! visi daxasiaTebac
ginda, jer unda imas kargad icnobde, misi garemoeba, avi da kargi Segnebuli
gqondes, rom ganaCenic samarTliani gamodges, CvenTvis ki es WeSmariteba
saWiro ara yofila. am laye, Sxamians azrs kargad rom CavukvirdeT, Rrmad
movTxaroT da fesvebi amovuCinoT, mxolod iq vipovniT mizezs am ukeTuris
ganaCenisas... movTxareT kidec da iciT, iqidgan ra xma da samduravi moismis:
amodena viSromeT, viRvaweT da ar iqna qarTvel ers Tvalebi ver avaxilebineTo.
yvela Cvengansa hgonia, didi da bevri ram gavakeTe saqveynod da arsad moitana
nayofi, _ Rvawli da Sroma Cemi daikarga uqmadao, Torem amdeni sxva qveyanaSi
rom meSroma, imasac davabednierebdi da Cems Tavsacao. am uxamsis ganaCenis
mizezi da saTave, Tu gnebavT, aqedgan iwyoba. cota SevCerdeT da Cvensav Tavs
davekiTxoT: marTlac ra gavarigeT, ra gavakeTeT qarTvelma inteligenciam
saqveynod, saerTod? Tu me mkiTxavT, gulaxdilad getyviT _ araferi. inteligenciam jer
is ver SeviZeliT gveswavlebina erisaTvis (xalxisaTvis), rom mTeli rjul-saqristiano
araa saqarTvelo, _ ver vaswavleT, ra aris, rasa hqvian mamuli, samSoblo... depoebi
sadme daarsda, Tavis reCebiT isinic inteligenciamve daRupa. keTil niadagzed
sadme arsdeba sazogadoeba da Tu RvarZli gamoeria iq, icodeT, rom es
inteligenciisave unari unda iyos. namdvil saxelad inteligencias is CaeTvleba, rom
gazeTebi da wignebi mis meoxebiT sakmaod ibeWdeba da aravin ki ar kiTxulobs, an
saidgan da rogor unda waikiTxos kacma wigni, Tu kiTxva ar ecodineba?! ai, rogori
amSeneblebi vyevarT Cvens qveyanas! Cveni didi Rvawli ganizomeba im
garemoebiT, rom amdeni literaturuli haihuiT, bevri-bevri rom vTqvaT, 1500
mkiTxveli SeviZineT sam milion qarTvelTagan da isic ueWvelad, cotad Tu bevrad,
inteligentebi... danarCeni qarTveloba, eri, mdabio xalxi, romelic aris WeSmariti Zala
Cvenis qveynisa, dagvrCa Robes gareT, arc Cven gavecaniT, arc isini gavicaniT da
verc Cveni xma mivawvdineT imaT. exla kabinetSi vsxedvarT da gul-mkerds
vimjiRavT: afsus, Cveno amago!.. maxlas, maxlas! Cven inteligenciasac swored is
emarTeba am SemTxvevaSi, rac me damemarTeboda, am TxovniT rom momemarTa:
Tqveni Wirime, Zmebo, rac SeiZleba male, dawvrilebiT, marexis ambebi macnobeTo!

58

ra ggoniaT, Cvenma inteligenciam marexisa meti icis, vidre Tavisis qveynisa da

xalxisa? gana es Rvawli kmara inteligenciisaTvis? gana amis meti ar moeTxoveba
inteligencias? yvelgan da yovelTvis eris Zala inteligencia yofila da iqneba, igi
beladia, sardali da, xom mogexsnebaT, sardlis niWsa da moxerxebazea
damokidebuli gamarjveba, mtris damarcxeba. ara aqvs Cvens inteligencias
garkveuli saerTo programa da gegma moqmedebisa, uamisod ki yovlad SeuZlebelia
gakeTdes ram TvalsaCino. Cveni yofa-cxovrebac swored erTs programas da erTs
gegmas moqmedebisas hsaWiroebs. es ver SevigeniT, ver gavigeT dResaqamomde.
aseve iqneba momavalSic, Tu Cvens xalxs, mis cxovrebas ar SevignebT, ar
gavicnobT kargad, _ manamde verc saerTo moqmedebis programas SeimuSavebs
inteligencia, arc Cvenis eris siberisa da sasikvdilod ganmzadebis eWvebi gamouva
Tavidan, _ manamde arc mdurvas qarTvelis eris gulgriloba-daudevrobis gamo
eqneba dasasruli. me rom mkiTxoT, rogorc bevrad Tu cotad mcodnes Cvenis mdabio
xalxis da Cvenis cxovrebisa, _ romeli ufro sindisierad asrulebs Tavis mowodebas, Tu
movaleobas, ukanaskneli glexi, Tu Tavmomwone romelime inteligentio? glexi-meTqi,
gipasuxebT. amiT RmerTma damifaros swavla-ganaTlebis mgmobeli viyo, ara,
magram asea dRes da modi ras izam.
radao? ikiTxavT. imitom, mogaxsenebT, rom ubiri glexi Tavis codnas, Tavis
gamocdilebas, Tavis Zal-Rones ara hzogavs, dilidgan moyolebuli saRamomde
welebzed fexs idgams, rom acxovros Tavi da col-Svili, gauZRves amasTanave
aTasnairs xarjs da sxv. etyvis mkiTxavi, sadme xatisas _ kuratiT unda mixvide da
ilocoo, imdens iwowialebs, imdens TavSi qvas ixlis, tanze perangs aRar SeirCens,
saiTac iqneba, Tu TiTon ara hyav, iyidis, da xat-RmerTTan ki pirSavad ar gamova, da
arc Tavis sinidisTan aris pirSavi, ris gakeTebac SeuZlian, akeTebs; rogorc exerxeba
Tavis xSirad yalbi grZnobis dakmayofileba, ise akmayofilebs; rac azri da rwmena
aqvs, imisdagvarad Sesaferad iqceva, da es mas srul adamianad hqmnis. ra vuyoT,
marTalia, missave sufraze rom Cvenis qveynis _ saqarTvelos sadRegrZelo dahlio,
viTarca inteligentma da Tamadam, igi ase ganimeorebs gaumarjos rjulsaqristianosao! Cvenebur tvinfratuna kosmopolitebs (nu gikvirT) ar gegonoT ki,
rom es kosmopolitobiT mosdiodeT, vinaidgan rjul-saqristiano qveynis erobazed didia
da TiTqmis mTel ganaTlebul qveynebs Seicavs, aramed imis gamo emarTeba, rom
ara aqvs araviTari codna Tavisis qveynisa da saqarTvelos gareSe ver warmoudgenia
rjul-saqristiano, sul saTaTreTi hgonia...
Cveni inteligentiRa?! hm! ra vqnaT da ra vTqvaT?! ramdensa styuis igi Tavis
sakuTar RmerTTan, Tavisis azrisa da grZnobis winaSe, ama Tu im mizezisa gamo,
CemTvis sul erTia, da rom styuis, es ueWvelad asea, TiTonac kargad uwyis da arc
iuarebs, xSirad Tavsac drosa da garemoebis mizeziT hmarTlulobs... amas azri da
grZnobac vrceli aqvs, idealebic didi, magram imis meaTasedsac ver akeTebs, rasac
hgrZnobs da hsazrobs. es movlena Segnebul adamianisaTvis yovlad autanelia,
mtanjveli da igi hqmnis Cveneburs inteligents naxevar adamianad, ubedurs,
cxovrebisagan ukmayofilos, pesimists. me amas vikmareb da danarCenis
gansxvavebis aRmoCena inteligentis da mdabio kacis Sesaxeb, mkiTxvelo,
TqvenTvis momindvia. imasac nu daiviwyebT, rom es ukanaskneli eris nivTier
simdidris Semoqmedia da fexic ar mousxletia, magrad udga samSoblo miwa-wyalsa
da mama-papis kerazed. imas Tu CiraRdani karebzed ar miutane, imisTvis soflidgan
qalaqSi ar gamoiqceva, imdenad Tavs ar Seiwuxebs da mama-papuri sanTliT, keraze
danTebulis cecxliT iolad gamova. skolaSi rom Svili miabaros, sruliadac ara hfiqrobs
imas, ra meTodiT, wesiT aswavlian imis Svils da ramdenis Tvis ukan daawyebineben
ucxo enaze swavlas... ena, samSoblo, man andiT icis da ara gonebiT, amitom mas
ar ZaluZs rigianad an erTs gauwios patronoba, an meores... rogorme rom moxdes da
erTs patiosan dRes misi Svili skolidgan iseTi ganswavluli dabrundes, inCic aRar
esmodes qarTulisa da ucxo enazed ki gamaSirebiT saubrobdes, Svilis aseTi
gardaqmna imiTi Tu daaRonebs, rom veRarafers gaagonebs da veRarc ras Svilis
naTqvamidgan gaigebs, sxvafriv kidec gauxardeba, diax, gauxardeba, radgan ar
icis, ra Sedegi mosdevs amisTana Svilis yolas, igi Zalianac kmayofili darCeba,
radgan mezoblebi ityvian: ehe, Cven demetres rogori naswavli Svili gamosvlia,

59

qarTul sul veRar laparakobso. ase gaxlavT, Tumc SeiZleba zogierTma arc ki
daijeros, neba aqvs, me ki mainc imas vityvi, rac vici da rac Cemis yuriT gamigonia.
diaR, demetre ise hfiqrobs, rom qarTulis swavleba qarTveli bavSvisaTvis sruliadac
saWiro ar ariso, radgan icis, viTom da nacodnze dros dakargva met, uqm Sromad
miaCnia, Torem gana sZuls, an ejavreba Tavisi RviZli ena.
yvela es uvicobis, umecrebis bralia, raSiac TviT inteligenciasac wili uZevs. ra
migiciaT, rasa sTxovT, amaze meti xaTabala iqneba?! rac codna da gamocdileba
mama-papam uanderZa glexkacobas, aman kargad Seinaxa: saca venaxi xarobs,
mSvenivrad SemuSavebuli venaxi aqvs; saca saqonlis moSenebas uwyobs adgili
xels _ saqoneli hyavs moSenebuli da, xvna-Tesvas Tu vityviT, riyesa da kldezedac
suladi, puri mohyavs. arc erTs axals saSualebas, Tu manqanas ar ufrTxis igi, roca
dainaxavs mis sargeblobas _ venaxebis Sewamlva, axalis juris guTnebis SeZena,
yvelgan gaxSirebulia, rogorc kaxeTSi, ise qarTlSi da sxv. sawyalma ar icis bevri ram
da yvelazed metad is, riTac Cven ufro Tavs Segvayvarebda es _ inteligenciis sulieri
miswrafeba, misi idealebi...
marto Tavadaznauroba ar aris eris Zala da isini Tunda dididgan dawyebuli
pataramde saukeTeso azrebiT, grZnobiT gaimsWvalnen, saukeTesod imoqmedon,
mainc verafers gavxdebiT, ukeTu mdabio xalxic bans ar miscems... ras akeTeben
mRvdlebi? sofeli ar aris, mRvdeli ar iyos da ra dasajerebelia, namdvilma
moZRvarma 5-6 mowafe ver SeiZinos, ise ver gamoaRviZos isini, rom hqondeT
wadili wignis, gazeTebis kiTxvisa, qveynierobisa ram gaegebodeT?! Cven amas vera
vxedavT. an ki saiT davinaxavT imas, rac ara sCans sadme.
pirvelnabeWdi _ `iveria~, 1901, #108.

60

vaJa-fSavela
kosmopolitizmi da patriotizmi
zogs hgonia, rom namdvili patriotizmi ewinaaRmdegeba kosmopolitizms,
magram es Secdomaa. yoveli namdvili patrioti kosmopolitia ise, rogorc yoveli
gonieri kosmopoliti (da ara Cveneburi) patriotia. rogor? ase, _ romeli adamianic
Tavis ers emsaxureba keTilgonierad da cdilobs Tavis samSoblo aRamaRlos gonebriv,
qonebriv da zneobriv, amiT is umzadebs mTels kacobriobas saukeTeso wevrebs,
saukeTeso megobars, xels uwyobs mTeli kacobriobis ganviTarebas, keTildReobas. Tu
mTelis eris ganviTarebisaTvis saWiroa kerZo adamianTa aRzrda, agredve calke erebis
aRzrdaa saWiro, raTa kacobrioba warmoadgendes ganviTarebuls jgufsa; Tu kerZo
adamianisaTvis aris sasargeblo aRzrda nacionaluri, individualuri, agreTve yovelis
erisaTvisaa sasargeblo aseTive aRzrda, raTa yovelma erma mometebuli Zala,
energia, Taviseburoba gamoiCinos da sakuTari Tanxa Seitanos kacobriobis salaroSi...
yoveli mamuliSvili Tavis samSoblos unda emsaxuros mTelis Tavis ZalRoniT,
TanamoZmeTa sargeblobaze unda fiqrobdes da, ramdenadac gonivruli iqmneba misi
Sroma, ramdenadac sasargeblo gamodgeba mSobeli qveynisaTvis misi Rvawli,
imdenadve sasargeblo iqmneba mTeli kacobriobisaTvis. edisoni amerikelia,
amerikaSive muSaobs, magram misi Sromis nayofs mTeli kacobrioba gemulobs.
Seqspiri ingliselia, inglisSi muSaobda da cxovrobda, magram misi nawerebiT mTeli
kacobrioba stkbeba dResac. egreTve servantesi, giote da sxva geniosebi Tavis
samSobloSi, Tavis TanamoZmeTaTvis iRvwodnen, magram dRes isini mTels
kacobriobas miaCnia Tavis RviZl Svilebad.
yvela geniosebi nacionalurma niadagma aRzrda, aRmoacena da ganadida
iqamdis, rom sxva erebmac ki miiRes isini sakuTar Svilebad. maSasadame,
geniosebma Tavis samSoblos gareSec hpoves samSoblo _ mTeli qveyana, mTeli
kacobrioba, magram, miuxedavad amisa, geniosT nawarmoebnic ufro sargebi da
Sesaferebelia erovnul niadagze. hamletiT, mefe liriT verc erTi qveynis Svili ver
dastkbeba ise, nametnavad TargmaniT, rogorc TviT ingliseli, romelic inglisurs enaze
kiTxulobs am nawarmoebT. Sors sad mivdivarT? nuTu sxva qveynis Svili ise
dastkbeba vefxistyaosniT da ise gaigebs mas, rac unda kargi Targmani waikiTxos,
an Tunca kargad icodes qarTuli ena, rogorc TviT qarTveli? _ arasdros. genioss, rogorc
pirovnebas, individs, aqvs sakuTari samSoblo, sayvareli, saTayvanebeli, xolo mis
nawarmoebs ara, vinaidan igi mTeli kacobriobis kuTvnilebaa, rogorc mecniereba...
mecniereba da geniosebi gvixsnian gzas kosmopolitizmisaken, magram mxolod
patriotizmis, nacionalizmis meoxebiT. ganaviTareT yoveli eri iqamdis, rom kargad
esmodes Tavisi ekonomiuri, politikuri mdgomareoba, Tavis socialuri yofis avkargi,
mospeT dRevandeli ekonomiuri ukuRmarToba da, ueWvelia, maSin moispoba
erTisagan meoris CasanTqmelad miswrafeba, erTmaneTis rbeva, omebi, romelic
dRes gamefebulia dedamiwis zurgze.
patriotizmi, rogorc sicocxle da sicocxlesTan grZnoba, TiTqo dabadebasTan erTad
hyveba adamians da Seicavs iseT nawilebs, romelTac verc erTi WkvaTmyofeli
adamiani ver uaryofs, rogorc mag. aris dedaena, istoriuli warsuli, saxelovani
moRvaweni da erovnuli teritoria, mwerloba da sxva. imav wamidanve, roca bavSvi
qveyanas ixilavs, mas, garda haerisa, sadgom-sawolisa, esaWiroeba aRmzrdeli, rZe
_ sazrdod, nana _ mosasveneblad.
yvela es xdeba ojaxSi, dedis xelmZRvanelobiT da swored aq aris dasabami
patriotizmisa. ymawvili im Tavidanve mWidro kavSirs imaTTan hgrZnobda, vinc imas

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esaubreba, vinc garSemo axvevia, _ visganac pirvel STabeWdilebas Rebulobs.

amitom uyvars is ena, romelic imas siyrmis dros esmoda, da is adamianebi miaCnia
Tavisianebad, romelnic am enaze laparakoben Tu mRerian. Tavis soflelTa sruliad
umniSvnelo sxvebisagan ganmasxvavebeli saubris kiloc ki Svenierebad miaCnia.
Tavisi sofleli, Tundac ukanaskneli adamiani, ucxo adgilas, ucxo mxares rom
Sehxvdes, did siamovnebas agrZnobinebs. vidre gafarTovdeba bavSvis mxedveloba
da gaizrdeba misi patriotizmi, mas mxolod gansakuTrebiT is sofeli, an daba uyvars,
sadac dabadebula da bavSvoba gautarebia.
ver warmomidgenia adamiani srulis Wkuisa, saRis grZnobis patroni, rom erTi
romelime eri sxvebze metad ar uyvardes, an erTi romelime kuTxe. ratom? _ imitom:
erTi da igive adamiani aTass adgilas xom ar ibadeba, aramed erTs adgilas unda
daibados, erTs ojaxSi, erTi deda unda hyavdes! Tu vinme ityvis amas, yvela erebi
erTnairad miyvarso, _ styuis, TvalTmaqcobs: an Wkuanaklebia, an romelime partiis
programiT aris xelfexSeboWili. samowyaleo saxlSi aRzrdili buSic ki, romelsac,
SeiZleba, aTasi lala gamouCndes da garSemo aTasi ena esmodes, bolos erTs
romelsame enas iwamebs da erTs qveyanas miiCnevs Tavis samSoblod...
patriotizmi ufro grZnobis saqmea, vidre Wkua-gonebisa, Tumca keTilgoniereba
mudam yofila da aris misi maTayvanebeli da pativismcemeli. kosmopilitizmi mxolod
Wkuis nayofia, adamianis keTilgonierebisa, mas adamianis gulTan saqme ara aqvs,
igi saRsaria im ubedurobis asacileblad, romelic dRemdis mTels kacobriobas Tavs
dastrialebs.
amitom kosmopolitizmi ase unda gvesmodes: giyvardes Seni eri, Seni qveyana,
iRvawe mis sakeTildReod, nu gZuls sxva erebi da nu gSurs imaTTvis bedniereba, nu
SeuSli imaT miswrafebas xels da ecade, rom Seni samSoblo aravin daCagros da
gauTanaswordes mowinave erebs. vinc uaryofs Tavis erovnebas, Tavis qveyanas im
fiqriT, viTom kosmopoliti varo, is aris maxinji grZnobis patroni, igi Tavisave
SeumCnevlad didi mteria kacobriobisa, romelsac viTom erTgulebas da siyvaruls
ucxadebs. RmerTma dagvifaros ise gavigoT kosmopolitizmi, viTom yvelam Tavis
erovnebaze xeli aiRoso. maSin mTelma kacobriobam unda uarhyos Tavisi Tavi. yvela
eri Tavisuflebas eZebs, raTa Tavad iyos TavisTavis patroni, TiTon mouaros Tavs, Tavis
sakuTaris Zal-RoniT ganviTardes. cal-calke erovnebaTa ganviTareba aucilebeli
pirobaa mTelis kacobriobis ganviTarebisa.
1905 w.
pirvelnabeWdi _ `iveria~, 1905, #172.

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vaJa-fSavela
ra aris Tavisufleba?
Zmoba, erToba, Tavisufleba. am sityvebiT gaiJRinTa ara marto adamianTa
yurebi, aramed qvebic ki; ara dros Cveni qveynis daarsebis Semdeg, ara gvgonia
ase mZlavrad da sayovelTaod rodisme hsmenodes saqarTvelos es sami sityva,
rogorc esma mas am warsul 1904-5 wlebSi da dResac esmis da momaval wlebSic
gaigonebs.
maSasadame, unda vicodeT, gvesmodes, Tu raa erTi, meore an mesame. ors
termins rom sulac Tavi davaneboT da mxolod mesamis Zala, e. i. ras hqvian
Tavisufleba, is SevignoT, esec kmara, radgan Zmoba, erToba martooden Stoebia im
xisa, romelsac Tavisufleba hqvian. saca ar aris Tavisufleba, iq ver ipovniT ZmobaerTobas, iq SehxvdebiT mxolod mtrobas, qiSpobas, Wama-glejas da mglobas;
mglebis banaki erTis mxriT, xolo meoris mxriT cxvris fara, saca navardoben
mglebi... saca mglebi budoben, iq cxvrebi ras ixeireben? an ra Zmoba SeiZleba maT
Soris?.. Tu SeuZlebelia, mouTavsebeli da mouxerxebeli mglebisa da cxvrebis
SaerTeba, radRa vyviriT, rad viZaxiT am Zmoba-erTobas? viZaxiT da unda viZaxoT,
magram mglebs xom ar veZaxiT, aramed daqsaqsul-dafantuls, dawiokebuls
cxvrebs, rom mouyaron TaviTavs, SaerTdnen, moifiqron, rogor mouaron TavisTavs,
raTa mglebis saWmel lukmad aRara xdebodnen, unda gamoZebnon safari da gza
savali... mglebs am dros iq ra esaqmebaT? am daZaxilze isini TiTqos yursac
iyrueben, arc movlen, xolo Tavisianebs, gagimarjosT, rom mglebic ki Zmoba-erTobas
uqadageben. Tu ase ar moiqcnen, xom daekargaT Zala da cxvrebma saTiTaod, Tumc
am ukanasknelT ara aqvT gaalmasebuli kbilebi, gaaTaves rqebiT da CliqebiT?!
Zmoba xom imas moaswavebs, roca erTs mgels gauWirdeba, meore unda
mieSvelos, egreTve Tu cxvari _ cxvars.
magram, magari is aris, rom mglebs ise ar esaWiroebaT erToba, rogorc
cxvrebs, radgan TviTeuls mgels sakmao Zala aqvs cxvrebTan sabrZolvelad, _ Zala,
rasakvirvelia, fizikuri, romelsac isini xmaroben cxvrebze. cxvrebis Zliereba ki
erTaderTi zneobrivi Zalaa...
dResnamdis Cven cxvrebi viyaviT da varT kidevac, xolo vinc mglebi arian, es
Tqvenc kargad iciT. Cven vitanjebodiT, virbeodiT da am rbeva-carcvam gvafiqrebina
migvemarTa erTobisaTvis, erTi piri, erTi fiqri mogvepova da amiT SagveZina Zala...
Cven movisurveT Tavisufleba: ganukiTxavad ar eWama da eparsa Cveni
TanamoZmeni mosisxle mxecebs... jerjerobiT amaSi gamoixateba Cveni wadili
Tavisufali sicocxlisa, rom Zalmomreobas gza movtacoT da TandaTanobiT sruliad
movspoT igi.
Tavisufleba cocxlebisTvisaa xelsayreli da ara mkvdrebisTvis. igi gamoixateba
adamianis ndoma-miswrafebaSi; Tavisufleba moqmedebaa, ganxorcielebaa nebisa,
azrisa, grZnobisa da ara gansveneba, uqmad yofna. Tavisufleba pirovnebisa da erisa
erTi erTmaneTTan mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli. sadac araa pirovneba Tavisufali, iq
eri damonebulia da damonebul erSi ra Tqma unda pirovnebac monaa, uTavisuflo,
sxvis xelSi saTamaSo nivTi.
iq ra unda Tavisuflebas, saca Cemi naSrom-naRvawi sxvas miaqvs? Cemi
naSromis nayofs Cemda uneburad, Cem mier neba daurTvelad sxva isakuTrebs? me
vtiri, is icinis da CemSi mtaceblis mimarT mxolod zizRi da grZnoba SurisZiebisa
sduRs da gadmodis. minda viswavlo da neba ar meZleva; minda Cemi sakuTaris
xarjiT davaarso universiteti da uars meubnebian da sxv. da sxv...
ar minda viloco is Svenivrad morTul-mokazmuli kerpi, romelsac Sen hloculob.
iq vin naxa Tavisufleba, saca me Cems dedaenaze laparaks miSlian: arc
maswavlian, arc maubneben, arc mamRereben, arc magalobeben?! ra guli unda
mqondes maSin? ras unda vgrZnobdeT?! _ sxvas arafers, garda zizRisa,
mZulvarebisa. mowamlul-moSxamulia Cemi sicocxle, vgrZnob mxolod
usiamovnebas, siZulvils da vwyevli im Zalebs, im mglebs, romelnic yvela zemore
aRniSnul saqmeSi xels miSlian, win meRobebian da vucdi marjve SemTxvevas
Sevmusro isini... roca es dro dgeba da mec moqmedebas viwyeb am ZalTa

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Sesamusravad, dasaTrgunad, maSinve iwyeba Cemi Tavisufali cxovreba; aq aris

dasawyisi Tavisuflebisa. da ukeTu viTmen, xmas ar viReb, arafers vambob, maSin
var mona, ara mZuls Cemi mCagvreli Zala; iqneb mZuls kidec, magram am
mZulvarebas gulSi vmalav; maSin var laCari, ufro sazizRari, vidre monaa. ara,
mZulvareba roca ukiduresobamdis midis, maSin laCruli grZnoba ispoba, maSin
ambobs adamiani: an movkvdebi, an vZlev Cems mtanjvelT!..
ar iZleva, ar damarcxdeba mCagvreli Zala, ar dafrTxeba mglis jogi, vidre amas
ar ityvis umravlesoba. ityvis ki rodisme eri gadaWriT, Tav-gamodebiT `sikvdili an
sicocxleo~ (e. i. Tavisufleba)?! _ ityvis da ambobs kidevac, amas Cvenis TvaliT
vxedavT, aSkarad vgrZnobT yvelani... maSasadame, sCans misma mZulvarebam
mglebisadmi ukiduresobamde miaRwia. Tu es faqtia, namdvili movlena, maSin
icodeT, sikvdili aRar SegvaSinebs, maSin yvela mzad iqneba Tavi dasdos
TavisuflebisaTvis da gamarjvebac usaTuoa. amitom, vimeoreb, visac Tavisufleba
uyvars da unda misi damyareba qveynad, jer upirveles yovlisa, unda SeiZulos
mTelis Tavisi arsebiT, guliT da gonebiT mtarvalni da mtarvaloba. es aris mxolod
saSualeba, romlis wyalobiT adamians SeuZlian medgrad ibrZolos da ar dazogos
sicocxle Tavisuflebis mosapoveblad...
da ra aris es Tavisufleba, ratom ar ikiTxavT? ukacravad nu viqnebi, rom me
Cemeburad ganvmarto es sityva: Tavisufleba xalxisTvis mtarvalTagan
warTmeuli bednierebaa. bednierebawarTmeuls ra hrCeba ubedurobis meti? _
araferi. kidec imitom aris, rom ubedurad hgrZnobs Tavis Tavs yvela damonebuli,
Tavisuflebas miklebuli eri da pirovneba. wamrTmevelni sargebloben am nayaCaRaris
bednierebiT mxolod cota xans, radgan cxovrebis loRikis wyalobiT es nadavli,
moparuli bedniereba mtacebelTaTvis ubedurebad xdeba. gadaavleT Tvali mTels
ruseTs da Cvens qveyanas. aSkarad dainaxavT, rom es asea. dRes xalxi ibrunebs
imas, rac waarTves da warTmeuli gaxlavT, mokled rom vsTqvaT, b e d n i e r e b a _
wamrTmeveli dRes tiris, xolo gacarculi mReris, mxiarulobs, radgan danakargs
poulobs, warTmeuls ibrunebs. Tavisuflebis qurdebi bolo Jams mudam dasjilan. rodisa
dgeba es bolo Jami? _ swored maSin, roca xalxi Tvalebs axels, roca Tavis yofamdgomareobis autanlobasa hgrZnobs da hxedavs, gaicnobs im Sav Zalebs,
romelTac waarTves bedniereba, _ sZuls isini usazRvrod; swored maSin cdilobs
Semusros Tavis dammonebelni...
ras Txoulobs Tavisufleba adamianisagan? rogor unda iqceodes Tavisufali
adamiani? _ Tavisufali adamiani unda iqceodes ise, rom Tavis yofaqceviT sxvas ar
hvnebdes, miT umetes sazogadoebas, aramed misi moqmedeba unda iyos
mimarTuli qveynis sabednierod. Tu es piroba ar iqneba adamianisagan daculi, maSin
misi moqmedeba iqneba avazakuri, vinaidgan yoveli avazaki Tavisuflad iqceva
mxolod piradi sargeblobisaTvis. maSasadame, mxolod imaSi ar gamoixateba
Tavisufleba, rac gnebavs is ilaparako, swero, akeTo, _ ara! unda yovels sityvas da
moqmedebas saerTo, sazogado bedniereba edvas sarCulad, qveynis Tu sasargeblo
ara, samavneblo, sazaralo mainc ar unda iyos qveynisaTvis, yvela Cvenganis,
xalxisaTvis. motacebuli Tavisufleba mtacebelTa xelSi rodia Tavisufleba, igi iqceva
mtarvalobad. am Tavisuflebisas mtarvalni aTasnairs jaWv-borkilebs sWeden,
xafangebs, gazebs, TavSi scemen kverebs da saRrCobelis boZebs sdgamen... xalxs
am Tavisuflebisagan Sezavebuls Sxam-naRvels, sawamlavs umzadeben da imas
awvdian. bolos ki TiTon rCebian mowamlulni. istoria amis magaliTebs uxvad iZleva.
xalxi itans am sawamlavs, igi isev xalxad rCeba, imarjvebs, xolo mtarvalTa guli
miwaze erTxoba. amitom, upirveles yovlisa, Tavisuflebis warTmeva ufro imaT
hvnebs, vinc Tavisuflebas hparavs, arTmevs xalxs da hsurs imiT marto Tavad
isargeblos. Tavisuflebis mtaceblebzea swored zed gamoWrili qarTuli andaza: `virma
palo moaZro da imdeni sxvas ara hkra, ramdenic TiTon ikrao~.
xalxis mmarTvelni, romelnic am uaRress ugunurebas hSvebian da xalxis
monebad gadaqcevas cdiloben, garda imisa, rom TavianT wodebas hxrwnian
zneobriv da fizikurad, xalxsac afuWeben. damonebuli eri mudam beCavia
SinaurobaSi da, ra Tqma unda, beCavi da susti gareSe mterTan sabrZolvelad. amis

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damamtkicebeli magaliTi dRevandeli ruseTia, romelic patara iaponias daetaka da

rqebi Semoimtvria.
maSasadame Tavisufali unda iyos ara romelime wodeba, aramed mTeli eri.
qveyanac mxolod maSin iqneba bednieri, roca moispoba wodebrivi upiratesobani,
yvela wodeba iqneba Tavisufali, e. i. bednieri. Tavisufleba da bedniereba
sinonimebia.
nu eZebT iq Tavisuflebas, sadac cxovrebas isev safuZvlad wodebrivi
gansxvaveba aqvs dadebuli, saca yvelas, ganurCevlad wodebisa da gvariSvilobisa,
ar eZleva saSualeba patiosani SromiT moipovos puri arsobisa, saca Sroma Rirseulad
ar fasdeba, saca ar aris Tanasworad ganawilebuli codna, qoneba.
marto qonebrivi uzrunvelyofa ar aris garantia, erma SeinarCunos Tavisufleba,
ukeTu mas Tan ar axlavs eris saerTo gonebrivi simwife, ganaTleba da codna.

65