Chng 2.

HYDROCARBON
1. Gi tn cc hydrocarbon sau y theo danh php IUPAC :
1/ CH3-CH(CH2CH3)-CH(CH3)-C(CH3)2-CH2-CH(CH2-CH3)-CH3
2/ H5C2-CH(CH3)-C(CH3)2-C(CH3)3
3/ (H5C2)4C
4/ CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH[(CH2)3-CH3]-CH2-CH[(CH2)2-CH3]-CH2-CH3
2. Vit cng thc cu to (rt gn) ca cc alkan sau: 2-Metyl-4-etylhexan
(1). 2,2,4-Trimetylpentan
(2). 2,4,6-Trimetyl-3,5-dietylheptan
3. Vit cng thc cu to ca cc hp cht sau v gi tn theo danh php IUPAC :
1/ t - butyl iso - butyl s -butyl n - butyl metan
2/ tetra iso -butyl etan i xng.
4. Hy d on hm lng (%) cc n xut mono cloro khi cloro ha nhit
300 0C cc hp cht :
1/ iso - butan
2/ iso - hexan
Bit t l vn tc phn ng th hydro bng clor C bc 1, 2, 3 l 1 : 3,3 : 4,4 ti nhit
trn.
5. Vit cc phn ng :
1/ CH3-CH(CH3)-COOH + NaOH
A
A
+
NaOH / CaO

B
B
+ Cl2 / h

D (sn phm chnh 1 ln th)

2/ CH3-CH2-CH3 + Cl2 / h

E (sn phm chnh 1 ln th)

E
+
Na / ete khan

F
F
+
Cl2 / h

E (sn phm chnh 1 ln th)

6. Khi cloro ha propan s tch c 4 sn phm A, B, C, D c cng thc chung
C3H6Cl2. Vit cng thc cu to ca chng .
Cloro ha su hn mi mt ng phn trn, thu c cc dn xut tricloro (C 3H5Cl3). T
A to thnh 1 dn xut tricloro, t B to thnh 2 dn xut, t C hay D to thnh 3 dn xut. C
c 2 ng phn quang hc. Hy cho bit c th cng thc cu to A, B, C, D.
Khi tip tc cloro ha C, mt trong cc tricloropropan to thnh (E) c tnh quang hot,
cn 2 dn xut khc th khng quang hot. Vit cng thc cu to ca E v 2 dn xut .
7. Vit cng thc cu to ca hydrocarbon C 8H18 vi nhm CH3 nhiu nht v gi tn n theo
danh php IUPAC.
8. Gi tn theo danh php IUPAC :
1/ CH3-CH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-CH3
2/ [(CH3)2CH]2C=C[CH(CH3)2]2.
3/ (CH3)3C-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-(CH3)2
4/ H5C2-CH(CH3)-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-CH2-CH3.
9. Biu din cng thc ca cc alken sau :
1/ 2, 3- dimetylpenten-1
2/ Trans- 3, 4- dimetylhexen-3
3/ (S)- trans- 4-metylhexen-2
4/ (R)- 3- brom buten-1
10. Vit phng trnh phn ng khi cho iso- butylen tc dng vi :
1/ H2 / Ni
2/ Cl2
3/ Dung dch Br2 / H2O
4/ Br2
5/ HBr
6/ HBr / RO-OR
7/ HI
8/ HI / RO-OR
9/ H2O / H+
+ 0
10/ KMnO4 / H , t
11/ O3 ,sau H2O /Zn 12/ Dung dch KMnO4 2% (mt kim)
11. Xc nh cu to v gi tn cc alken m khi ozon phn 1 mol alken ny s to thnh :
1/ 1 mol acetaldehyd + 1 mol aceton
2/ 2 mol aceton
3/ ! mol aldehyd formic + 1 mol propanaldehyd
4/ 1 mol CH3CHO, 1 mol HCHO v 1 mol OHC-CH2 -CHO
5/ 1 mol cyclohexanon + 1mol aldehyd formic

Tng alken trn khi cho phn ng vi K2Cr2O7 , H2SO4 , t0 s cho sn phm g?
12. Hydrocarbon A khi c mt Ni (hay Pt) s kt hp vi 1 mol H 2 v to thnh n- hexan. Oxy
ha A bng KMnO4 thu c acid carboxylic cha 3 nguyn t C. Vit cc phng trnh phn
ng.
13. A (C7H14) cho cng sn phm khi ozon phn v khi oxy ha bng KMnO 4 m c, nng.
Vit cng thc cu to ca A v gi tn.
14. Khi oxy ha hydrocarbon C7H10 trong iu kin mnh, ngi ta thu c cc sn phm
CH3-CO-CH2-CO-CH3 v HOOC-COOH. Cho bit cu to ca hydrocarbon .
15. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca hydrocarbon c thnh phn C6H12, bit :
- N lm mt mu nc brom
- Khi hydrat ha thnh alcol bc 3.
- Oxy ha bng K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4 , t0 s to aceton v acid propionic
16. Hydrocarbon A (C11H20) khi oxy ha cho cc sn phm CH3-CH2-COOH,
CH3-CH2-CO-CH3 v HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH. Khi hydro ha cn ti a 2 mol hydro. Hy
cho bit cng thc cu to ca A.
17. Hp cht C7H14Br2 tc dng vi Zn cho C7H14. Ozon phn sn phm ny th nhn c
propanal v isobutanal. Vit phn ng.
18. Cho bit sn phm ozon phn ca :
1/ butadien -1, 3
2/
= CH2
3/ 1, 2- dimetylcyclohexen
19. Vit cng thc cu to ca cc hydrocarbon sau :
1/ Divinyl
2/ isopropylallen
3/ 2, 5- dimetylhexadien -1,5
4/ 2, 3-dimetylbutadien -1, 3
20. Vit phn ng cng hp Br2 v HCl vo cc dien :
1/ 2- metylbutadien -1, 3
2/ Pentadien -1, 3
3/ Pentadien -1, 4
21. Vit phn ng ozon phn ca :
1/ Isopren
2/ hexadien - 2, 4
3/ 2, 3- dimetylbutadien -1, 3
22. Vit cng thc cu to ca hydrocarbon C 5H8, nu ozon phn n thu c HCHO,
CH3CHO v glyoxal OCH-CHO.
23. Dien C6H10 khi cng hp 1 phn t Br 2 ri ozon phn sn phm s thu c
bromoaceton CH2BrCOCH3. Vit cng thc cu to dien.
24. Gi tn cc dien m ozon phn n s cho :
1/ 2 mol HCHO + 1 mol CHO-CH2-CHO
2/ 1 mol CHO-(CH2)4-CHO
3/ 1 mol Cl-CH2CHO
+
1 mol CH3-CO-C6H5
25. Khi oxy ha hydrocarbon C8H14 s thu c aceton CH3COCH3 v acid oxalic HOOCCOOH. Hydrocarbon c cu to nh th no ?
26. Cho bit cc sn phm to thnh khi cho isopren tc dng vi cc tc nhn sau:
1 mol Br2
(1).
1 mol HBr
(2).
2 mol O3; sau H2O/Zn
(3).
27. Mirxen l mt terpen c tch t l cy Pimenta Acris Kostel. N c cng thc C10H16,
c th phn ng theo t l mol 1 : 3 vi hydro v chuyn thnh C 10H22. Khi ozon phn mirxen
s to thnh CH3-CO-CH3, HCHO v OHC-CH2-CH2-CO-CHO.
1/ C nhng cng thc cu to no c th ph hp vi kt qu thc nghim trn?
2/ Da vo quy tc isopren, hy ngh cu to c th c ca mirxen.
28. Cho bit san phm tao thanh khi tac dung Br2 (300oC) ln cac hydrocarbon sau:
(1). Cyclopropan
(2). Cyclopentan
(3). Cyclohexan
29 Gi tn cc hydrocarbon sau theo danh php IUPAC :

1/ CH3-CH2-C(CH3)2-CCH
30. Vit cc phn ng :

2/ HCC-CH2-CH(C2H5)2-CH(C2H5)2-CH3

1/ CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-Br + KOH + C2H5OH

A
A
+
Br2 / CCl4

B
B
+ C2H5ONa + C2H5OH

D
D
+
[Ag(NH3)2]OH

E
2/ CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-OH + H2SO4
F
F
+
Br2

G
G
+ KOH + C2H5OH

H
H
+
Na

I
I
+ Br-CH2-CH2-CH3

K
3/ CH3-CH2-CO-CH3
+ PCl5

L
L
+ NaNH2 / NH3 lng

M
M
+
Na

N
N
+
C2H5I

O
0
4/ CH3-CHOH-CH2-CH3 + Al2O3 , 400 C

P
P
+
Br2 / CCl4

Q
Q
+ KOH + C2H5OH

H
+
0
H
+ KMnO4 , H , t

I
31. Hydrocarbon A (C6H10) cng hp vi 2 mol Br2 , cho kt ta vi dung dch
Cu2Cl2/NH4OH. Khi oxy ha A s thu c acid valeric v H 2CO3. Cho bit cng thc
cu to ca A v cc phn ng xy ra.
32. Xc nh cu to ca cc cht trong s phn ng :
1/
A
+ Br2

B
B
+
2 KOH

C + 2 KBr + H2O
C
+
H2 / Pd

D
D
+
H2O / H2SO4
CH3-CH(CH3)-CHOH-CH3
2/
E
+
NaNH2

F + NH3
F
+
CH3Br

G + NaBr
G
+
H2 / Pd

I
I
+ O3 , sau H2O / Zn
2 CH3CHO + H2O2
33. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng khi cho butyn-1 tc dng vi :
1/ 1 mol H2 / Ni
2/ AgNO3 / NH4OH [Ag(NH3)2]+, OH3/ 2 mol Br2 / CCl4
4/ Cu2Cl2 / NH4OH [ Cu(NH3)2]2 2+, 2Cl5/ 1 mol HCl
6/ NaNH2
2+
7/ H2O (Hg / H2SO4)
8/ Sn phm (6) + C2H5Br
9/ Na kim loi
10/ C2H5MgBr sau H2O
11/ O3 sau H2O / Zn
12/ KMnO4 , H+ , t0
Nu thay butyn -1 bng butyn -2 th nhng phn ng no khng xy ra ?
34. A (C6H10) khng cho kt ta vi Cu 2Cl2 / NH4OH. Ozon phn cho acid duy nht
C3H6O2. Cu to v tn gi ca A.
35. Vit cc phn ng :
1/ CH3-CH(CH3)-CHOH-CH3 + Al2O3 , 400 0C

A
A
+
KMnO4 long, OH -
B
0
2/ CH3-CHBr-CHBr-C2H5
+ Zn , t

D
D
+
HCl

E
E
+
dd NaOH

F
0
3/ CH3-CHOH-CH3
+
H2SO4 , t

G
+
HBr / RO-OR

H
H
+
Na

I
4/ CH3-CH2-CH3
+
Br2 / h (th mono)
K
K
+
Na

L
36. Vit phn ng monobromo ha vo nhn cc hp cht sau . Cho bit trong mi
trng hp, phn ng xy ra nhanh hay chm so vi benzen ?
1/ Acetanilid (C6H5NHCOCH3)
2/ Acetophenon
3/ Phenetol (C6H5-O-C2H5)
4/ Iodo- benzen
5/ Benzonitrin (C6H5CN)
6/ N- metylanilin
7/ Benzotriflorua (C6H5CF3)
8/ Etyl benzoat
9/ Biphenyl (C6H5-C6H5)
37. Sp xp cc hp cht sau theo th t gim dn kh nng tham gia phn ng nitro
ha :
1/ benzen, mesitylen, toluen, m - xylen, p - xylen
2/ benzen, bromobenzen, nitrobenzen, toluen
3/ Acetanilid, acetophenon, anilin, benzen
4/ Acid terephtalic, toluen, acid p - toluic, p - xylen
5/ Clorobenzen ; 2, 4- dinitro- phenol
7/ Acid benzen sulfonic, phenol, p - nitrotoluen, p - nitroanisol, acid benzen
m - disulfonic.
38. Ch r vng s phn ng khi nitro ha cc hp cht sau:
1/ p-dinitrrobenzen
2/ p-nitrophenyl-o-metylphenylmetan
3/ 1-(p-cyanophenyl)-2-(p-metoxyphenyl)etan
39.Vit phn ng (nu c) ca n - propylbenzen vi :
1/ H2 / Ni, t0 phng
2/ Br2 / Fe
3/ H2 / Ni, 200 0C, 100 at
4/ I2 / Fe
5/ Dd KMnO4, long, ngui
6/ Br2, t0, h
7/ KMnO4, H+, t 0
8/ CH3Cl, AlCl3, 0 0C
9/ K2Cr2O7 , H+, t 0
10/ C6H5CH2Cl, AlCl3, 0 0C
11/ Na kim loi
12/ C 6H5Cl, AlCl3, 80 0C
13/ HNO3 / H2SO4
14/ iso- butylen, HF
15/ H2SO4 / SO3
16/ Alcol tert- butylic, H2SO4
17/ Cl2 / Fe
18/ cyclohexen, HF
40. Vit phn ng (nu c) khi cho 1- phenylpropen-1 tc dng vi :
1/ H2 / Ni, t0 phng
2/ H2 / Ni, 200 0C, 100 at
3/ Cl2 / CCl4
4/ HCl
5/ HBr / RO-OR
6/ Br2 tha, Fe
7/ HBr
8/ H 2SO4 , ngui
9/ Br2 , H2O
10/ KMnO4 long, ngui
11/ KMnO4, H+, t0
12/ O3, sau H2O, Zn
0
13/ Br2 , 300 C
14/ Sn phm ca (3) tc dng vi
C2H5ONa / C2H5OH
41. Vit cc phn ng :
1/ Benzen + C2H5Br / AlCl3

A
A + HNO3 / H2SO4

B
+
0
B + KMnO4 , H , t

C
2/ Benzen + cyclopropan / AlCl3

D
D + HNO3 / H2SO4

E + KMnO4 , H+, t 0

F
3/ Toluen + CH3COCl / AlCl3

G
G + Sn / HCl

H
H + [O]

I
4/ Benzen
etylbenzen
p - etylclorobenzen
acid p - clorobenzoic
acid p - hydroxy-benzoic
5/ Benzen
metylbenzen
benzyl clorua
1, 2- diphenylglycol .
42. Cho hp cht thm A (C9H12). Oxy ha A thu c mt triacid B (C9H6O6). Nu
nitro ha A, ch nhn c mt ng phn th mononitro. Cho bit cng thc cu to
ca A .
43. Vit phn ng :
1/ C6H5-CCl3
+ Cl2 / FeCl3

2/ p - phenol sulfonic
+ HNO3 / H2SO4
3/ m - diclorobenzen
+ HNO3 / H2SO4
4/ p - clorophenylmetan + (metyl ha theo Friedel-Crafts) ((
44. Hp cht A (C10H12) lm mt mu d dng Br2 /CCl4 . Oxy ha mnh A cho ra acid
terephtelic (1, 4- dicarboxylic benzen acid). Vit cc cng thc c th c ca A.
Phn ng ozon phn A thu c mt hn hp cc hp cht carbonyl trong c
acetaldehyd. Cho bit cng thc chnh xc ca A.
45. Inden (C9H8) tm thy trong nha than , c cc tnh cht :
- Lm mt mu nhanh Br2 / CCl4 .
- Lm mt mu KMnO4 long.
- Hp th d dng 1 mol H2 to indan C9H10.
- Hydro ha nhit , p sut cao to C9H16.
- Oxy ha cho acid o - phtalic.
Xc nh cu to indan v inden.
46. A (C8H9Cl) l mt hp cht khng cho kt ta khi tc dng AgNO 3. Oxy ha A
bng KMnO4 , H+, t0 cho acid m - clorobenzoic. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A.
47. Vit phn ng :
1/ Benzen + CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2Br / AlCl3
A + A
2/Benzen + tert- butanol + H2SO4

B
3/ Toluen + (CH3)3C-COCl / AlCl3

D + D
4/ Toluen + Cl2 / FeCl3

E + E
5/ Toluen + H2SO4 / SO3
F ; F + HNO3 / H2SO4
G
0
G + H2O , t

H
6/ Cyclohexen + Br2 / H2O sau OH
I
+
I
+ H3O long

K
48. Hy tng kt cc phng php a vo nhn nhng nhm th : -CH 3, -NO2,
-NH2, -SO3H, -OH, -Cl, -I, -CN, -CHO, -COCH 3, -COOH. C th loi chng ra khi
nhn bng cch no ?

60. Tin hnh brom ha hn hp gm 156 gam benzen v 240 gam n- propylbenzen .
Sau mt thi gian nht nh, thu c hn hp sn phm gm 0,01 mol; 0,330 mol v
0,660 mol ba ng phn BrC6H4-CH2-CH2-CH3 v 0,002 mol C6H5Br. Tnh cc yu t
tc phn ca phn t n- propylbenzen.
61. Vit phn ng :
1/ Naphtalen
+
Cl2 / Fe

A + A
2/ Naphtalen + CH3COCl / AlCl3

B
B
+ Zn (Hg) / HCl
D ; D + [O]
E
3/ naphtalen + (CH3CO)2O / BF3

F
4/ 1 - metylnaphtalen + Br2 / Fe

G
5/ 1 - metylnaphtalen + HNO3 / H2SO4

H
6/ 2 - metylnaphtalen + CH3COCl / AlCl3
I
7/ 2 - nitro- naphtalen + Br2 / Fe

J
8/ Acid 2 - naphtoic + HNO3 / H2SO4

K
9/ 2 - metylnaphtalen + HNO3 / H2SO4

L
10/ 1 - metylnaphtalen + CH3Cl / AlCl3

M
62. Tng hp cc cht sau t benzen hay benzen th theo phng php Haworth :
1/ 1 - metylnaphtalen
2/ 1, 6- dimetylnaphtalen
3/ 1, 4- dimetylnaphtalen
4/ 7- brom- 1- etylnaphtalen
5/ 1- phenylnaphtalen
63. Tng hp cc cht sau t naphtalen hay naphtalen n th theo phng php
Haworth :
1/ 4- metylphenanthren
2/ 1- metylphenanthren
3/ 4, 9- metylphenanthren
2.1.

Vit cng thc cu to (rt gn) cc gc alkyl ng phn ca C4H9- v ch r bc ca

gc.

2.2.

Vit cng thc cu to (rt gn) cc alkan sau:

(1). 2-Metyl-4-etylhexan
(2). 2,2,4-Trimetylpentan
(3). 2,4,6-Trimetyl-3,5-dietylheptan

2.3.

C bao nhiu dn xut mt ln th c th to thnh khi clo ha cc alkan sau:

(1). n-Butan
(2). Iso-pentan

2.4.

Vit cng thc cu to (rt gn) cc gc alkenyl ng phn ca C4H7-

2.5.

Vit cng thc cu to (rt gn) cc hydrocarbon sau:

(1). 3-Etyl-2-penten
(2). 2,6-Dimetyl-3-penten
(3). 2,2-Dimetyl-3-etyl-1-octen

2.6.

Cho bit sn phm chnh thu c khi un nng cc hp cht sau vi KOH/alcol:
(1). 2-Bromo-3-metylbutan
(2). 2-Bromo-2-metylbutan
(3). 3-Cloro-2,2-dimetylpentan

2.7.

Cho bit sn phm chnh thu c khi loi nc cc alcol sau:

(1).
(2).
(3).

2.8.

iso-amyl alcol (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH

sec-butyl alcol CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3
tert-butyl alcol (CH3)3C-OH

Cho bit cc sn phm chnh ca phn ng (nu c) ca iso-butylen vi cc thuc th

sau:
(1).
(5).
H2, Ni
H2O/H+
(2).
(6).
Br2
O3; sau H2O/Zn
(3).
(7).
HBr
KMnO4/OH- long
(4).
HBr/peroxid
KMnO4 c nng
2.9.
Cho bit cu to cc alken m khi ozon phn s cho:
(1).
CH3CH2CHO v HCHO
Ch CH3COCH3
(2).
(CH3)2CHCHO v CH3CHO
(3).

2.10.

Vit cng thc cu to (rt gn) cc alkyn C7H12 c mch chnh cha 5C v gi tn
chng.
(1). 2.11. Cho bit tc nhn v iu kin iu ch:
(2). Butan t Acetylen
(4). 1-Butyn t n-Butyl alcol
(3). Propyn t Acetylen
2-Butyn t 2-Buten
2.12. Cho bit cc sn phm chnh ca phn ng (nu c) ca 1-butyn vi cc thuc
(1).
th sau:
2 mol H2
2 mol HCl
(2).
(4).
1 mol HCl
H2O, Hg2+/H2SO4
(3).
(5).
NaNH2, sau CH3I
(1). Vit cng thc cu to (rt gn) cc hydrocarbon sau:
(2). 2-Metyl-1,5-hexadien
(4). 4-Metyl-1,2-pentadien
(3). 2,3-Dimetyl-1,3-butadien

2.15.

Cho bit cc sn phm ta thnh khi tc dng isopren vi cc tc nhn sau:

1 mol Br2
(1).
1 mol HBr
(2).
2 mol O3; sau H2O/Zn
(3).

2.16.
Cho bit sn phm to thnh khi tc dng Br2 (300oC) ln cc hydrocarbon sau:
(1). Cyclopropan
(2). Cyclopentan
(3). Cyclohexan

2.17.
Hy v cc cu dng gh ng phn ca 1-Cloro-3-metylcyclohexan,
cho bit cu dng no l cis-, cu dng no l trans-?
(1).
2.18. Vit cng thc cu to ca cc hp cht sau:
(2). p-Dietylbenzen
(5). 1,3,4-Tribromobezen
(3). sec-Butylbenzen
(6). Acid p-toluensulfonic
(4). o-Nitrotoluen
(7). 1,1,1-Tricloro-2,2-di(p-clorophenyl)-etan (DDT)

2.19.
Vit s tng hp etylbenzen t cc hp cht sau, s dng bt k ha
cht v c v hu c mch h cn thit:
Benzen
2-Cloro-1-phenyletan
(4).
Phenylacetylen
Acetophenon (C6H5COCH3)
(5).

-Phenyletyl
alcol
C
H
CH(OH)CH
(3).
6 5
3
(1).
2.20. Cho bit cc sn phm chnh ca phn ng (nu c) ca etylbenzen vi cc thuc
th sau:
(2).
Br2, to
(3).
Br2, bt Fe
(4).
KMnO4 long ngui
(5).
KMnO4 c nng
(6).
CH3Cl, AlCl3
(7).
CH3COCl, AlCl3
(8).
HNO3/H2SO4
(9).
dd.HCl
(1).
(2).

2.21.

Cho bit sn phm monobrom ha vo nhn thm cc hp cht sau:

OCH3

NO2

C2H5

Br

COCH3

CH3

2.22.

CH3 thm:
Hy xp cc hp cht sau theo dy tng dn kh nng nitro
C2H5ha vo nhn
Etylbenzen, Acid benzoic, Anisol (C6H5OCH3), Clorobenzen, Nitrobenzen.

2.21.

Cho bit tc nhn v iu kin mi giai on ca dy chuyn ha sau:

Toluen p-Bromotoluen Acid p-bromobenzoic

2.21. Vit cng thc cu tao cua cac hp cht sau:

(8). p-Dietylbenzen
(11). 1,3,4-Tribromobezen
(9). sec-Butylbenzen
(12). Acid p-toluensulfonic
(10). o-Nitrotoluen
(13). 1,1,1-Tricloro-2,2-di(p-clorophenyl)etan (DDT)

2.22. Vit s tng hp etylbenzen t cac hp cht

sau, s dung bt ky hoa cht v c va hu c mach h
cn thit:
(6).
(7).
(8).

Benzen
Phenylacetylen
-Phenyletyl
C6H5CH(OH)CH3

(9).
(10).

2-Cloro-1-phenyletan
Acetophenon (C6H5COCH3)

alcol

2.23. Cho bit cac san phm chnh cua phan ng (nu co) cua etylbenzen
vi cac thuc th sau:
(10).
Br2, to
(11).
Br2, bt Fe
(12).
KMnO4 loang ngui
(13).
KMnO4 c nong
(14).
CH3Cl, AlCl3
(15).
CH3COCl, AlCl3
(16).
HNO3/H2SO4
(17).
dd.HCl

2.24. Cho bit san phm monobrom hoa vao nhn thm cac hp cht
C2H5
sau:
Br
NO2
OCH3
COCH3
CH3

C2H5

CH3

2.25. Hay xp cac hp cht sau theo day tng dn kha nng nitro hoa
vao nhn thm:
Etylbenzen, Acid benzoic, Anisol (C6H5OCH3), Clorobenzen, Nitrobenzen.
2.26. Cho bit tac nhn va iu kin mi giai oan cua day chuyn
hoa sau:
Toluen p-Bromotoluen Acid p-bromobenzoic

2. Vit phn ng iu ch etan v 2,3- dimetylbutan bng phng php in phn dung dch
mui carboxylat tng ng.
3. T CH4 v cc cht v c cn thit, hy iu ch isopentan
4. Alkyl iodua A tc dng vi Mg trong ete khan, sau cho nc vo, thu c n- butan.
Nu cho A tc dng vi Na, thu c 3, 4- dimetylhexan. Xc nh cu to ca A v vit
cc phn ng.
2.7. Cho bit san phm chnh thu c khi un nong cac hp cht sau
vi KOH/alcol:
(4). 2-Bromo-3-metylbutan
(5). 2-Bromo-2-metylbutan
(6). 3-Cloro-2,2-dimetylpentan
2.8.

2.11.

Cho bit san phm chnh thu c khi loai nc cac alcol sau:
iso-amyl alcol (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH
(4).
sec-butyl alcol CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3
(5).
tert-butyl alcol (CH3)3C-OH
(6).
Hy vit s chuyn ho 3-metyl-1-buten thnh 2-metyl-2-buten.

5. Hon thnh cc phn ng :

1/ CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2Br
+
KOH / alcol

A
A + HBr
B ;
B + Na

D
0
2/ CH3-CH(CH3)-CHOH-CH3
+ Al2O3 / 400 C
E (sn phm chnh)
E
+
KMnO4 long

F
0
3/ CH3-CHOH-CH3
+
H2SO4 , t

G
G + HBr / RO-OR
H ;
H + Na
I
4/ CH3-CH(CH3)-CH=CH2
+ HBr
K
5/ CH3-CH=CH2
+ HCl / peroxyt
L
6/ CH3-CH2- CH3 + ?
M ;
M + ?
CH3-CHBr-CH2Br
6. T propan, hy ngh phng php iu ch :
1/ CH3-CHBr-CH2Br
2/ CH3-CHO
3/ CH3-CH2-CH2Br
4/ CH3-COOH
5/ CH3-CH2-CH2-OH
6/ CH3-CHOH-CH2OH
7. Cho bit cch thc hin cc chuyn ha sau :
1/ CH3-CH2-CH2-OH
CH3-CHOH-CH2OH
2/ CH3-CH2-CH2-OH
CH3-CHOH-CH3
3/ CH3-CHOH-CH3

CH3-CH2-CH2-OH
4/ 1- cloro-butan

2- cloro- butan
8. Alken A (C6H12) c ng phn hnh hc v :
A +
Br2

B
B
+
alcol / kim
dien D
+ alkyn D

Dien C
+
[O]

CH3COOH
Cho bit cu to ca A v vit cc phn ng xy ra.
9. Vit cc phn ng Diels - Alder :
1/
+
CH2=CH-CCl3

2/

3/

Cl
Cl
CH2=CH-CHO

CO2

10. Vit cc sn phm trong s :

B
C
A
F

D
E

2.13. Cho bit tac nhn va iu kin iu ch:

(5). Butan t acetylen
(6). Propyn t acetylen
(7). 1-butyn t n-butyl alcol
(8). 2-butyn t 2-buten
2.15. Cho bit tac nhn va iu kin mi giai oan cua day chuyn
hoa sau:
CH3CH2CHBrCH3 CH3CH=C=CH3 CH3CHBrCHBrCH3 CH3CCCH3
CH3CH2CCl2CH3
13. Vit cng thc cu tao (rut gon) cac hydrocarbon sau:
(4). 3-Etyl-2-penten
(5). 2,6-Dimetyl-3-penten
(3). 2,2-Dimetyl-3-etyl-1-octen
14. Cho bit cac san phm chnh cua phan ng (nu co) cua iso-butylen vi
cac thuc th sau:
(8).
(12).
H2, Ni
H2O/H+
(9).
(13).
Br2
O3; sau o H2O/Zn
(10).
(14).
HBr
KMnO4/OH- loang
(11).
(15).
HBr/peroxid
KMnO4 , H2SO4 .c,
nong
15. Cho bit cu tao cac alken ma khi ozon phn se cho:
CH3CH2CHO va HCHO
(4).
(CH3)2CHCHO va CH3CHO
(5).
Ch CH3COCH3
(6).

2.16. Vit cng thc cu tao (rut gon) cac hydrocarbon sau:
(5). 2-Metyl-1,5-hexadien
(6). 2,3-Dimetyl-1,3-butadien
(7). 4-Metyl-1,2-pentadien

2.20. Hay ve cac cu dang gh ng phn cua 1-Cloro-3metylcyclohexan, cho bit cu dang nao la cis-, cu dang
nao la trans-?
11. T CaC2 v cc thuc th v c khc, hy iu ch :
1/ Metylacetylen
2/ Dietylacetylen
3/ CH3-CHOH-CCH
4/ butyn-2-diol-1, 4
43. Gi tn cc gc sau :
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2-

CH3

CH=CH2
CH 3

CH3

CH3
CH(CH3)2
CH3
44. T CaC2 v cc cht v c cn thit, hy iu ch :
1/ benzen
2/ styren
3/ m - nitro-benzoic acid
4/ benzylalcol
5/ mesitylen
6/ o - cloro-nitro-benzen
7/ cumen
8/ 2- bromo- 4- nitro- toluen
9/ 2- cloro - 4- nitro - toluen
10/ 1, 2- diphenyletan
11/ Acid p- nitrobenzoic
12/ 4- nitro -1, 2- dibromo-benzen
13/ m - cloro- 4-nitro-benzen
14/ Acid phenylacetic
15/ Acid 4-bromo- 3-nitro- benzoic
16/ n - butylbenzen
17/ m - dicloro- benzen
18/ o - nitro- anilin
19/ m - bromo- toluen
20/ p - (CH3)3C-C6H4-COOH
45. T (CH3)3CHCl, CH3Cl v cc thuc th v c cn thit, hy iu ch :
1/ o- cloro- isopropylbenzen
2/ o - cloro- nitro- benzen
3/ Acid benzoic
4/ Benzaldehyd
5/ 1, 3, 5- trinitrobenzen
6/ C6H5-CCl3
7/ Acid anthranilic (o - amino-benzoic)
8/ m - cloro- nitro- benzen
9/ Acid salicylic ( o - hydroxy- benzoic)
6/ Naphtalen + CH3CH2COCl + C6H5NO2 + AlCl3
K(C13H12O)
K
+
Br2

L(C13H11OBr)
46. Thc hin cc chuyn ha sau :
1/ Etanol thnh n - butan
2/ n - butyl bromua thnh butyn -2
3/ benzen thnh m - cloro- etylbenzen
4/ Cumen (iso-propylbenzen) thnh eudalen ( 1- metyl- 7-iso-propyl- naphtalen)

47. T CH4 v cc thuc th v c cn thit, hy iu ch iso- buten, butadien, isopren,

vinylbenzen , sau vit phn ng ca mi cht trn ln lt vi H 2, HCl, ozon phn,
oxy ha, trng hp.
. Cho bit cac san phm chnh cua phan ng (nu co) cua 1-butyn vi
cac thuc th sau:
2 mol H2
(6).
1 mol HCl
(7).
2 mol HCl
(8).
H2O, Hg2+/H2SO4
(9).
(10). NaNH2, sau o CH3I

32. -, - ,- Caroten va Licopen la 4 sc t thc vt, co cung cng

thc phn t C40H56. Khi b hydro hoa xuc tac, - va -caroten se cho
hp cht C40H78; - caroten cho hp cht C40H80 va licopen cho hp
cht C40H82. Hoi trong phn t cac hp cht nay co cha vong hay
khng va nu co th my vong?

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