- .. .. . 1/..

30,000

(number)

( numeral )

2 1

- .. .. . 1/..

3,000 2,000

300 100

I
1

V
5

X
10

L
50

C
100

D
500

M
1000

1. 3
2.
III = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
XXII = 10 + 10 + 1 + 1 = 22
DCCLXXVII = 500 + 100 + 100 + 50 + 10 + 10 + 5 + 1 + 1 = 777
3.

2 1

- .. .. . 1/..

IV = 5 1 = 4
IX = 10 1 = 9
XL = 50 10 = 40
XC = 100 10 = 90
CD = 500 100 = 400
CM = 1000 100 = 900

1) 3 I, X, C
2) I V X
3) X L C
4) C D M
4. ( ) 6
V, X, L, C, D M 1,000
15,442

5,000

100,000

10,000

500,000

50,000

1,000,000

1
1.

18
18 10 + 5 + 1 + 1 + 1
18 = XVIII
2.
49 =
49= .............................................................
3.
296 = 100 + 100 + ........................................
296 = .............................................................
4.
768 =
768 = .............................................................
5.
3,482 = 1,000 + 1,000 + 1,000 + (500 100) +50 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 1 + 1
3,482 = .............................................................

2 1

- .. .. . 1/..

2
6. XCVII

= ......................................................
XCVII = 97
7. CDXXIV = ......................................................
CDXXIV = ......................................................
8. MMXLI = .............................................................
MMXLI
= .....................................................
1

1.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

404
400 + 4 = CD + IV = CDIV
238
953
5,738
8,649
6,157
34,639
651,234
651,234
99,999
435,637
500,444
876,543
1,534,004
2,494,949
765,945
1,789,555
987,654
345,689
949,451

2 1

- .. .. . 1/..

2.

M + CD + XXX + IV = 1000 + 400 + 30 + 4 =

1,434

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
3.
1) 40 50
2) 395 400

2 1

- .. .. . 1/..

4.
1) CXI + XVI

2) CM + D

3) LXVII + CLXVI

4) CDIV + CMLII

5) XXXIII XII

6) MDCCXXXVIII MCCXXI

7) MMDXLVII MCDXXXIV

8)

2 1

- .. .. . 1/..

ACROSS

DOWN

2 1

- .. .. . 1/..

(Bit) 110100110110 110101100110
110110110110
3382,3430,3510


8 16

8 16 2
8 16

0 , 1
0,1,2
0,1,2,3
0,1,2,3,4

2 1

- .. .. . 1/..

0,1,2,3,4,5
0,1,2,3,4,5,6
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , A , B ( A 10 B 11)

10 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8
9

41,032 = (4 104) + (1 103) + (0 102) + (3 10) + ( 2 100)

4 5 4 104 = 4 10,000 = 40,000

1 4

1 103 = 1 1,000 =

0 3

0 102 = 0

3 2

3 10

2 1

1,000

100 =

= 3

10 =

30

2 100 = 2

1 =

41,032 40,000 + 1,000 + 0 + 30 + 2

2 1

- .. .. . 1/..

2

1

1.

679
2,508

=
=

2.

4,791

3.

51,980

4.

762,483

5.

3,124,709

2
3 102

321

6.

79

7.

806

8.

1,235

9.

421,057

300

=
10.

71,509,456,123

2 1

- .. .. . 1/..

-----

-1

--- 6
5 4

2n-1 2n-2 ---

25

24

23

22

21

20

(binary Number System)

2 1
mark space
() 2 0 1
2 10

1 2 3 --- m --2- 2- -3
--- 2-m --1
2 2

(101101)2
.
(101.1101)2
1 (110110)2 (
)
Weight
= 25 24 23 22 21 20
= 1 1 0 1 1 0

= (1x25) + (1x24) + (0x23) + 1x22) + (1x21) + (0x20)

= (54)10

:
: Weight 1
2 1010112
.
.
.
.
.
.
2 1

- .. .. . 1/..

.
3 : (1011.101)2
1

0
-2

-1

2-3

0.125
0.0
0.5
1.
2.
0.
8.
(11.625)10

23

22

21

20

(1011.101)2

= (11.625)10

1. 2
(LSB)
2.1 2
3. 2
(MSB)
4 : (221)10
2 221
2 110

2
55

2
27

2
13

2
6

2
3

2
1

..

(221)10 = (.)2

2 1

(LSB)

..
..
(MSB)

- .. .. . 1/..

(Weight)
5 (221)10 = ()2
1. (Weight) Weight

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
2. Weight Weight

Weight 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

128 + 64 + 0 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 221

1
1 0 1 1 1 0 1
(221)10 = (11011101)2

1.
2. 2 1
0 1 1 1
3. 2
1

6 : (0.375)10

0.375 X 2 = .
0.75 X 2 =
0.5 X 2 = ..

(0.375)10 = (.)2
7 : (12.35)10
1. (12)10
(12)10 = (..)2
2. (0.35)10

2 1

- .. .. . 1/..

0.35 X 2 = ..
0.7 X 2 = .
0.4 X 2 = .
0.8 X 2 = .
0.6 X 2 = .
0.2 X 2 = .
0.4 X 2 = .
0.8 X 2 = .

6
(12.35)10 = (....)2

3

1

11012

(1 23) + (1 22 ) + (0 2) + ( 1 20)

(1 8) + (1 4) + (0 2) + (1 1)

8+4+0+1

13

11012 =
1.

101012

13

= .
= .
= .
= .

2 1

- .. .. . 1/..

2.

1100002

= .
.
= .
= .
= .

3.

110110112

= .
.
.
.
.
.

1012

4.

101112

5.

101111012

6.

11010102

7.

1001000112

8.

11101111012

1 22

2 1

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

14
4

- .. .. . 1/..

3
1) 37
2) 61
................................................................................. .................................................................................
................................................................................. .............................................................................
................................................................................. ...............................................................................
................................................................................. .................................................................................
................................................................................. .............................................................................
................................................................................. .................................................................................
................................................................................. .............................................................................
................................................................................. ...............................................................................
3) 136
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................

4) 111
.................................................................................
.............................................................................
...............................................................................
.................................................................................
.............................................................................
.................................................................................
.............................................................................
...............................................................................

5) 254
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................

6) 584
.................................................................................
.............................................................................
...............................................................................
.................................................................................
.............................................................................
.................................................................................
.............................................................................
...............................................................................
.................................................................................
.................................................................................

2 1

- .. .. . 1/..

5 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 4

8
410325

(4 54) + (1 53) + (0 52) + (3 5) + ( 2 50)

4 5 4 54 = ..
1 4

1 53 = ..

0 3

0 52 = ..

3 2

35

= ..

2 1 2 50 = ..
410325 ..

5 2,642
5
9 2,642

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2,642 ..
2 1

- .. .. . 1/..

4

1

41235

1.

2.

3.

4.

=
=
=
=
41235 =
2015 =
=
=
=

31425 =
=
=
=

12345 =
=
=
=

234105 =
=
=
=

(4 53) + (1 52 ) + ( 2 5) + ( 3 50)
(4 125) + (1 25) + ( 2 5) + ( 3 1)
500 + 25 + 10 + 3
538
538
( ) + ( ) + (
)

2 1

- .. .. . 1/..

3215

5.

2235

6.

1045

7.

30135

8.

102035

9.

412105

3 52

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

3 25
75

3.
1. 539 .
.
2. 806 .
.
3. 1,075
.
4. 5,930.
.
5.. 20,871
.

2 1

- .. .. . 1/..

12 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 7 , 9 , A ( 10) B ( 11)

10
5A8312

(5 123) + (10 122) + (8 12) + (3 120)

5 4 5 123 = 5 1,728 = 8,640

A 3

10 122 = 10

144 =

1,440

8 2

8 121 =

12 =

96

3 1

3 120 =

1 =

5A8312 8,640 + 1,440 + 96 + 3 = 10,179

12 10,179 12

11 10,179

12 ) 10179
12 ) 848 3
12 ) 70 8
5 10 (A)
5
12

5A8312
10,179 5A8312 ##
2 1

- .. .. . 1/..

5

1

1B3212

1B3212
1.
20912

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

(1 12 ) + (11 122 ) + (3 12) + ( 2 20)

(1 1,728) + (11 144) + (3 12) + (2 1)
1,728 + 1,584 + 36 + 2
3,350
3,350
(

) + (

) + (

)
3

2.

31A12

=
=
=
=

3.

12B512

=
=
=
=

4.

A18412

=
=
=
=

2 1

- .. .. . 1/..

38112

5.

9BA9012

6.

529AA12

7.

10219B12

8.

A685112

9.

159B012

3 122

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

3 144
432

3
10. 619

11. 1,320

12. 3,605

13. 12,526

14.30,081

2 1