PARTS OF A TYPICAL CELL AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Organelle
1. Cell wall

2. Plasma
Membrane

3. Mitochondrion

4. Vacuole
5. Golgi
apparatus

6. Cytoplasm

7. Nuclear
membrane
8. Nucleolus
9. Nucleoplasm /
Nuclear sap
10.
Chromos
omes
11.

Nucleus

Structure
It is a nonliving component composed
of cellulose, a polysaccharide.
It is flexible and elastic. It is
composed of double layers of
phospholipid, proteins, carbohydrates
and steroids.
It is a double-membrane structure.
The inner membrane is folded forming
cristae. It is referred to as the
powerhouse
of the cell.
A compartment covered by a single
membrane called tonoplast
.
They are stacks of single membranes
that are connected to the plasma
membrane and endoplasmic
reticulum.
The complex fluid that fills the cell.
The outer cytoplasm (exoplasm) is
gel-like, while the inner cytoplasm is
fluid (sol-like). The fluid part is
capable of streaming (cyclosis).
It is a double-layered membrane that
encloses the nucleus. The outer
membrane is porous.
It is the dense, spherical body inside
the nucleus. It contains the nucleic
acid RNA.
It is the gel-like material that fills
the nucleus.
They are highly coiled
structures
that form a network over the
nucleoplasm.
It is the spherical
body that is
composed of organelles 7 to 10.

Function
Provides for mechanical
support and maintains cell
shape
in plant cells.
Selectively permeable ;
regulates the entry and exit of
materials
Provides energy
for the
cell in the form of Adenosine
Triphosphate (ATP)
Stores
water, food, or waste
for the cells
Sorts, packages, and secretes
materials; also involved in the
processing
and
modification
of protein.
Matrix
of the different
cellular organelles; distribution
of materials throughout the cell
due to cyclosis.
Separates
the nuclear
contents from the contents of
the cytoplasm.
Synthesis of RNA
and
production of ribosomes.
Functions as the matrix of the
chromosomes and nucleolus.
Carriers of genes
responsible in transmitting
hereditary characteristics
The control center of the cell;
directs and coordinates all
cellular activities

12.
Endoplas
mic reticulum

It is the network of channels

composed of a single-membrane that
may ne bumpy if it contains
ribosomes (Rough ER) or Smooth
(SER) if does not contain ribosomes.

Translocation
of materials
within the cell and in and out of
the nucleus.

13.
Chloropl
astid

It is double-membrane structure that

contains chlorophyll pigments.

Provides for the green color of

plants; functions for
photosynthesis
.

PARTS OF A TYPICAL CELL AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

14.
s

Centriole

15.
e

Lysosom

They are two small rods that lie at

right angles to each other. Each rod is
surrounded with tiny microtubules
arranged like the spokes of a wheel.
It is a single membrane compartment
containing powerful hydrolytic
enzymes. It is referred to as the
suicide bag
of the cell.

Formation of spindle fibers

during the cell division;
function as the anchor for the
cytoskeletons.
Simplifies / Breaks down
complex materials.