1

()
CH3CH2OH
M
CH3OH

CH2OH-CH2OH
2

 ()

...

% v/v Proof
O Proof % v/v

100 Proof :
50 % v/v
3

, ,
, ..
:
5%,
10 %,
1,5%
4

5 -8%

11 - 14 %

40 - 50 %
(, , , )
5

-
:

:

( )

6


:
1.
: (
2-3 )
:
2.

.
3.
CO2 ()
.
4.
10 -20% .
5.
( ), ,
.
7

45- 3h
M :
45-90
( 1 h)
8

:
:
9

1,00
1,12- 1,20
1,30
1,10 1,27
0,85
0,85
1 / 2100

. . 8
10

90-98%
.
CH3COOH
) CH3C ()

) CH3COOH

NAD ()
) CH3COOH
Krebs,
) CO2 H2O

2-10 % ( )
.

, , , ..
11

: 0,1 g /Kg .h

ichaelis Menten (Km)

= 9,7 mg/dL ( 8-14 mg/dL)
(Vmax) = 23,3 mg/dL ( 22-24 mg/dL)

() << Km :
.
( ()
, .. h-1)
( slides . . 37, 38 : )

>> Km :
(
).
( / /)
( slides . . 37, 38 : )

> 30 mg/dL (. 0,3 g/L)

()
0,1 g /Kg .h 100 mg /Kg .h
12

 -


:
, ,


O (R)


: R = 0,7
R

13

= R.C.B
( 1)
A : (g)

C : (mg/g g/Kg)

B : g
R = 0,7 (
)
(1) C mg/mL
g/L, :
M C (mg/mL g/L),
,
C (mg/g g/Kg),
d 1,06 g/mL ( 1,06 Kg/L)
1 g/mL ( 1 Kg/L).
14



= + ,1 . . t = R. C . B + ,1 . . T ( 2)
: (g)

A : (g)
[ = R.C.B (1)]
C : (mg/mL g/L)

B : (g)
t : (h)

R = 0,7 (
)
:
15
0,1 g / Kg . h = 100 mg / Kg . h

(C )
t : (h)
(C )
(1) :
) ,
) C ( ( mg/ml g/L)
, C , :
(1) : = R. C. B = 0,7. C. B :
= 0,7. (C ). B => C = / 0,7.B
(2) : = 0,7.C.B + 0,1 .. t
:
C = [ 0,7.C.B + 0,1 .. t ] / 0,7.B => C = [0,7.C + 0,1. t ] / 0,7 =>
C (g/Kg) = [0,7 . C (g/Kg) + 0,1 (g / Kg . h) . t (h)] / 0,7 =>
C (g/Kg) = C (g/Kg) + 0,143 (g / Kg . h) . t (h)

( 3)

C C (g/Kg)
(g/L) ( d
1,06 g/ml = 1,06 g/L), (4) :
C (g/L) = C (g/L) + 0,143 (g / Kg . h) . t (h)

( 4)

16


(C )
C mg/dL (4)
(5):
C (mg/dL) = C (mg/dL) + 14,3 (mg / Kg . h) . t (h)

( 5)

A ,
, 15 mg / dL. h 0,15 g / L. h
( 40 mg / dL. h)
: 1 g/L = 100 mg/dL
1 mg/dL = 0,01 g/L

(t = 0) o: =
, C :
C (g/L) = C (g/L) + 0,143. t
( t )
C (mg/dL) = C (mg/dL) + 14,3. t ( t )
17

2.100 :1
: 2.100 mL
1 mL

()

18



...,

.
.



...
, ,
...
.
:
( )

19

-

,
,
, ,

,
,

20

10

(, )

21

1
.
.
, ,
()







( )
22

11


2


( )
, , ,
(
= )
(
)

(
, , ..)
23

3








4
3

,
, ,
.
24

12

. . 8

(mg/dL)
50
,
50-100

, ,

100-200

, ,

200-300

300-350

>350

,
25

:
300 400 mL
:
1 mL / Kg

26

13



80 mg/dL (0,8 g/L)
...

(v/v%)
K

(mL)

6
650
()
14
280
()
16
245

17
230

40
100

48
80
Whiskey
60
65
........
T 70 Kg
. . 8

27

1.

5 mL
(2 ).
.

NaF ( 2-5 mg/mL)
.

( ).

10
.

28

14


2.



.
.
10 .

.
.
2-3 .
29

:
)

30

15



3.
(50 mL ),

45.
NaF.

4. ( )
5. ( )
31

..12, . 296
32

16



():

:

( )
:
1. ( )

( ).
40 mg / dL
2.
HCHO ()
33

(GC- Head Space)
:
1.
(, ,
, )
2.
3.
4.
5.
34

17


(Alcotest)
2.100 mL
1 mL

:
0,5 g/L
0,5 g/L = 50 mg/dL = 0,5 mg/mL
2.100 mL 2,1L
0,5 mg
, 1L : 0,5mg : 2,1L = 0,24 mg/L,
:
0,24 mg/L
1 mL 2000 mL
0,5 g/L
0,25 mg/L
35

NaHCO3 ()
( CH3COOH
NaHCO3
)
( )
> 500 mg /dL
36

18

 ()







: , , , ,

( )
(Antabuse)
37

: ,
:
: ,
: ( , ,
, ..)
: , ,
: ,
, , ..
38

19

...
(, , ..)
:


:

39

()
150


40

20



(, , ,
, )







..
41

50 mg /dL (0,5 g /L)

( 42 , .3542/2007)

42

21



42 , .3542/2007
: 0,5 0,8 g/L
( )
0,25 - 0,40 mg/L ( )
: 200,00
: 0,8 -1,10 g/L
0,40 - 0,60 mg/L ( )
: 700,00 + 90
: >1,10 g/L
> 0,60 mg/L
: 1200,00 + 2 +
180
43

( ) CH3OH
: , ,

:

:
HCHO (30 )
HCOOH (6 ).
HCOOH .

HCHO ( )
HCHO
HCOOH ( )
44

22

 (CH3OH)
:
HCHO
HCOOH 30 6 , ,
)

:
,

:

. .
HCOOH
. pH 5.
45

( ) CH3OH

NaHCO3

:


.

.

( HCHO HCOOH)

46

23

 (CH2OH-CH2OH)
:
,
.
:

:
.

.
: , , ,
. .
:
, ,
.

47

(CH2OH-CH2OH)

...

48

24

 (CH2OH-CH2OH)


:

( )

.

.
( )
49

:
2
CO2 .
C02
.
:
)
(.. )
) .. :
,

50

25

 :
CO2

:
) ()
)
(.., )
)
( 2)
51

:
)
, ..
1.
2. 4Cl ( Cl).
NaHCO3
Cl.
)
.. . --
NaHCO3
(. NaHCO3)
)
) NaHCO3 (, )

52

26

 :
:
)
( NaHCO3 ) ..
)
Cl

53

1. Toxicology, the basic science of poisons, Casarett and Doull,s, 7th edition, Editor:
Curtis D. Klaasen, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., 2008.
2. Disposition of toxic drugs and chemicals in man, R.C. Baselt, 8th edition, Biomedical
Publications, Foster City, CA, ISBN 978-0-9626523-7-0, 2008.
3. General and Applied Toxicology, B. Ballantyne, T. Marrs, T. Syversen (editors), 3rd
edition, 2009.
4. Principles of drug action, A. Goldstein, L. Aronow, S. Kalman, 2nd edition, J. Wiley,
editor.
5. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics, Goodman and Gilman,s, 11th edition,
Laurence L. Brunton, editor in chief, John S.Lazo and Keith L. Parker, Associate
editors, McGraw Hill International editions.
6. Fundamental toxicology for chemists, J. Duffus and H. Worth, The Royal Society of
Chemistry, 1996.
7. Forensic Science, Andrew R.W. Jackson, Julie M. Jackson, 2nd edition, (Chapter 7:
Forensic Toxicology and drugs of abuse), Pearson Education Limited, 2008.
8. , . , . , 2004.
9. , . , 2 , University Studio Press, 2004.
10. , . , . , . ,
, .
, 2006.
11. , . , 1996, .
12. , . , . , 2002.
13. , . , . , 1973.
14. Forensic Science, Andrew R.W. Jackson, Julie M. Jackson, 2nd edition, (Chapter 7:
Forensic Toxicology and drugs of abuse), Pearson Education Limited, 2008.
54

27