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-

,


.
:
= [+ ][- ]/[2]
: [2]= 1000g/l / 18g/mol =
55.55 mol/l

+ -
. [2]
. (1) :
[2]==w : w=[+ ]
[- ] =10-14 ( 25 o C)
(2) i
[+ ] [- ]
.
(
10)
[+ ]
[- ] o Srensen 1909
(-). pH


: p = -log[+ ] = lg (1/ [+ ])
p :
p = -log[- ] = log (1/[- ])
: p + p =14 ( 25
C). 25 C:
) p=p
) p > 7, p < 7

) p < 7, p > 7
pH
[+ ]



.


p.
p

.
pH
.


,

p.

i

( ) (
).
+ + -



( )
i

- ( ).
p
:


o
. p p
.
p


o
p.


.


p .

p
,
p
:

,

+ (
)
(
)


p .
: Na2O22% + CaO6% +
SiO272%,(
Na+
Ca2+.)
-
(
) -
(
)

.
:

(
)




(, )



.




.

) , R.
R
i :
R =l/S ( 1) :
R: ohms ()
:

l:
cm
S: cm
)
, .
= R-1 ( 2)
mhos -1 Siemens, S.
) ,
=-1=l/RS ( 3) -1 cm-1 S
cm-1





. i


55
() S,
l.
l/S i .


.




.


: '/
':
(KCl)

S cm-1
:
(KCl)
S cm-1

.

25 C.

: )
)


.

.



.

.
H
i 5x10 -8 S cm-1
(
).


.

i
.

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