College of Engineering

1st Sem, AY 2016-2017

Experiment 11
Frequency Modulation
Name: Galang, Vincent N.
Punzalan, Justine Roy A.

Course: BSECE4A

Results
Procedure 4

Fig. 1 FM Modulator Output- Time Domain

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1st Sem, AY 2016-2017

Procedure 5
= m (fm) = 3(10kHz) = 30 kHz
Screenshot of Spectrum Analyzer

Fig. 2 Output for Frequency Domain

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1st Sem, AY 2016-2017

Procedure 6
Screenshot of Spectrum Analyzer

Fig. 3 Carrier Position

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1st Sem, AY 2016-2017

Sample Verification of Upper and Lower Sideband

Fig. 4 USB = 110kHz

Fig. 5 LSB = 90kHz

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1st Sem, AY 2016-2017

Procedure 7
Bandwidth = 130kHz -70 kHz = 60kHz
Screenshot of Spectrum Analyzer

Fig. 6 Highest Amplitude to the right of center frequency

Procedure 8
What is the difference between m=5 and m=1.5?
The modulation index determines the number of significant sidebands. Based on the waveform,
when m is equal to 5, more significant sidebands appear.

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1st Sem, AY 2016-2017

Screenshot of Spectrum Analyzer and Oscilloscope for m=5 and m=1.5

Fig. 7 m = 5

Fig. 8 m =1. 5

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1st Sem, AY 2016-2017

Observations/Conclusion/Findings
Frequency Modulation is a form of modulation whereas the carrier wave frequency corresponds directly to
changes of the intelligence/ baseband signal. It can be clearly observed from Fig. 1 FM Modulator Output- Time Domain.
Likewise, modulation index is very important. It is the factor that determines the amount of deviation for carrier frequency
from its center frequency. Thus, the larger the modulation index the greater instantaneous frequency can be in the carrier.
Characteristic stated above can be observed on Figs. 7 & 8 where two modulation indices is compared. Therefore,
a large number of modulation index means more number of significant sidebands. For the case of bandwidth, it must be
noticed that for every modulating signal, two sideband frequencies are produced. One can be computed as fc fm and
the other one as fc + fm. For procedure #7, there are three significant sidebands to the right of center/ carrier frequency.
Therefore, total number of significant sideband frequency is 6. This is due to the fact that there is a corresponding
counterpart/ partner for every significant sideband frequency to the right to the left of the carrier frequency. In short,
they appear as pairs of significant sideband frequency.

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