2

(Tennessee Self-Concept Scale:2)

2005

, .
. . ,
, , .
, . . , .

.
,
. ,
,
,
,
.
,

, ,
.
, , . . J.
Stones, / ,
,
. ,

,
, .
,


.
..

..iii
iv
..vii
...viii
xii

1:
1.1
1.2
1.3

......2
.6
.9

2:
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8

2.9
2.10

.11
.12
.16
- -- ...17
-..19
-...21
.24
. Coopersmith..24
. Rosenberg..26

. ..... . 27
. .. 28
. ...29
. ..30
..33
..36
..40

3:
3.1
3.2

3.3
3.4

..42
.....43
. ....45
. 45
. ....45
.48
Tennessee (1988/ 1994)..49
..51

5.2.1

5.2.2
5.2.3
5.7.1
5.7.2
5.7.3
5.7.4
5.7.5
5.7.6
5.7.7
5.7.8
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4
6.1.5

.
, ,

( 1999-2000)

. .
1999-2000

.
1999-2000.
alpha, , ,
,
TSCS:2
alpha


varimax

varimax

varimax
,

varimax
,

TSCS:2 PHSCS
Pearson
TSCS:2

T-


T-


T-


T-


T-

93

94
94
123
123
124
125
126
127
127
128
132
133
134
135
136

Higgins

18

- Bandura

22

Coopersmith

25

Rosenberg

26

Soares & Soares

27

Soares & Soares

28

Winne & Marx

29

32

Shavelson, Hubner Stanton

9

60

10

Marsh,

74

Byrne Shavelson
11

82

12

189

TSCS:2

13

TSCS:2

191

 1:

1.1

, .
,

, , ,

.
, , ,
, , ,
.
-
,

,
, , ,
.
, ,
2000 , Wylie (1974,
1979),
,
,
.

 ,
,
,
, .

, ,

.
,
(Coopersmith, 1967),
.
(Soares & Soares, 1979),

.
- (Shavelson, 1976 Harter,
1985 Marsh et al., 1985 ..), ,
,
.
,
,
. ,
, .
,

, .

 ,
,
,
.

1980, 10,
.
,

, Tennessee, 2 (Tennessee
Self-Concept Scale:2, TSCS:2, Fitts & Warren, 1996).
TSCS:2
.
.

1986, :
. ,
,
.

,
(1978), (1983, 1989),
(1983), (1983, 1992), (1985),
(1992, 1996), (1994)
- (1995, 1999, 2001).

 , ,
,

, , -
, . ,
,
,
.
, ,
, ,
,

.

. ,
. ,
2,
. ,
,
.
3,
,
, TSCS:2, .
4,

 , , , ,
- ,
, , , .
5,
,
, ,
,
.
6, .
, ,
, ,
, ,

. 7,

,
. , 8, .

1.2

9,5 12,5
.

.
(Fitts & Warren, 1967-1996),

: , , , ,
. ,
:
, .
, ,
,
,
,
.
TSCS:2 (Fitts & Warren, 1996),
, ,
.

,
. -
, , , ,
.
,
, .
, , ,

,

(, 1990).


.

.
TSCS:2,
, ,

. ,
.

TSCS:2 .
, ,

. ,

,
.

.
,
, .
,

,
. ,


TSCS:2.

1.3
, ,
,
, :
1.

9,5-12,5

, , ,
, .
2.
, -
, , , ,
.
3.

,
TSCS:2,
,
.

4. TSCS:2
.
5. ,
,
,
.

2.1.
,
,
.
,
,

. ,
,
.
, ,
, ,
, , ,
.
William James (1890) .
(I) (Me),
, , ,
. James : ) , )
, ) ) .
, Cooley (1902) Mead
(1934), ,
. Cooley ,
Mead.

 .


.

2.2.
, ,
, .
, ,
, (Blascovish & Tomaka, 1991 Byrne,
1996 Harter, 1993 Hatie, 1992 Wylie, 1979 1989 1974 Shalvelson, Hubner, &
Stanton, 1976). 17
.
Byrne (1996),
: )
, )
(self), )
, )
. (Blascovich & Tomaka, 1991).

(self-concept), - (self-image), - (self-esteem), (self-worth), - (self-evaluations), - (selfperceptions), - (self-representations), - (selfschemas), - (self-efficacy) ..,
.

 -, (Bracken,
1996 Byrne, 1996a Hoge, Smit, & Crist, 1995 King, 1997).

(Burns, 1982 Byrne, 1996a
Combs & Snygg, 1959 Harter, 1999 Rogers, 1951 Rosenberg, 1986 Shavelson &
Bolus, 1982 Shavelson et al., 1976).

,


.
Harter
, ,
-
(Harter, 1999 . 8).
,

.
, ,

,
. Burns
(1982, . 5). Rosenberg

Rogers,

(Rosenberg, 1986, . 7).

, ,
, ,
(Brinthaup & Erwin, 1992 Marsh, 1990a Shavelson &
Marsh, 1986 Shavelson et al., 1976 Watkins & Dhawan, 1989 & ,
2000 -, 2001).
, 2000, self-concept
) , ) )
(, 1996). , ,

.

,
Henri Lefevbre, 1970 . .
(2001, . 58).
- ,

.

.
,
. ,

 : ) ,
, )
)

,
(Byrne, 1996, . 6).
,
, ,

, ,

.

=
.

=
,
.

2.3.
,
,
,
.
(existential self)
(categorical self),
(Lewis & Brooks-Gunn, 1979),
James (1890) .
Markus Nurius (1986)
.
, ,
, , , (, 1996).
Shavelson (1976), Marsh (1987a)
,
,
.
Burns (1982) ,
,
, , .
,
, , , ,
, ,
.(Burns, 1982, . 1).

, ,
: (self-perception)
o (self-image) (self-esteem)
(global self-worth), .

2.4 - - -
self-perception self-image,
.
,
( , 2001,

. 19), ,
(Burns, 1982, . 4).

- Kinch (1963), ,

.
Mead (1925-34) Cooley
(1902),
..
Rosenberg (1973),
Strang (1957)
.
(
) .
Higgins (1987, 1989) :
(actual self) , (ideal self)

 (cough self).
.
,

, ,
. ,
(Higgins, 1987 . 320-321).
: )
) .
:
) ,
) ,
) ,
) ,
)
) .

1: Higgins

 Burns (1982,
. 7). , Higgins,
, Karen Horney
1945. Horney, Freud, ,
,
,
.
, ,
Rogers (1951, 1952). ,
( ) ,
. Rogers
,
.

2.5
James (1980, 1963), -
,
. ,
-
. -= / . ,
-
, ,
.
Coopersmith (1967, 1984), -

 . - ,
, ,
, .
, -
,
(Blascovich & Tomaka, 1991 Wells & Marwell, 1976). , ,
- :
,
(. 18).

-
, (Greenwald,
Bellezza, & Banaji, 1988 Camobell, Chew, & Scratchley, 1991). ,
(Rosenberg, 1965 Bachman, 1970 Campbell et al., 1991),
, -
, ,
,
.
-,
.
,
,
(Marsh, 1986b Shepard, 1979).
,
. , -
Hughes (1984), ,

 , ,
. , , (Greenwald, Bellexxa, & Banaji,
1988 Watkins & Dhawan, 1989)
, -.

2.6 -
25 -
,
(Marsh, Walker, & Debus,1991
Norwich, 1987 Pajares & Miller, 1994 Skaalvik & Rankin, 1995 Zimmernan,
Bandura, Martinez, & Pons, 1992).
- (self-efficacy)
,
.
Bandura (1986), -

, (.
391).

,
: ) , )
) .

 2
-

B= behavior (), P= personal ( ),

E=external environment ( ) Bandura, 1997, (. 6)

, - -. ,
, -
, (Mone, Baker, & Jeffries, 1995).
(perceived self-efficacy),
.
,
, . ,
, : ) , )
, ) ) .

- ,


, .
, Zimmerman, (1995) Byrne
(1996a). , Harter ,
, (Harter, 1996a, . 30).
Bandura (1986, 1997) ,
- ,
.
Wills (1981, 1991),
(downward comparison),
. , ,
, ,
.
(Gibbons & Gerrard, 1991 Affleck,
Tennen, Pfeiffer, & Fifield, 1987 Vrugt, 1994).
,
-
. , , -

, (Locke &
Latham, 1990 Vrugt, Langereis, & Hoogstraten, 1993a 1993b 1997). ,
- .
, ,

 ,
. (Vrugt, Oort, & Zeeberg, 2002).
, ,

, .

2.7
,
,
.
,
,
. , , ,

. ,
, .

2.7.. Coopersmith

,
. Coopersmith
1967, .

, (
, , , ).

 Coopersmith , ,
.
- ,
.
,
, Soares & Soares
(1983), . , ,
Marsh Hattie (1996) ,
(unidimensional, general-factor model).
3:
Coopersmith

GSC

G1

G2

G3

G4

G5

G6

GCS= , G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6 = ,

(Coopersmith, 1967)

: )
Joseph (Joseph, 1979), )
Piers- Harris (Piers & Harris, 1964), )
(Form S: Michael & Smith, 1976 Form H: Michael, Denny, Knapp-Lee, & Michael
1984) )
(Oblowitz, Green, & Heyns, 1991).

2.7. - Rosenberg
,
Rosenberg (1979). ,
, , ,

.
H Byrne (1996), Rosenberg
, Coopersmith. H
Harter (Self-Perception
Profile For Children, 1985b)
.
4:
Rosenberg
g
GSC

G1

G2

G3

G4

G5

G6

GCS= , G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6 = ,

(Rosenberg, 1979)

,
- . Harter
(SPPC), -
-,
(Byrne, 1996, . 14).

2.8
.
1980
Soares & Soares, .

,
,
5 .

5:
Soares & Soares

ASC

SSC

PSC

ESC

: ASC= , SSC= , PSC= ESC=

(Soares & Soares, 1980)

,

(Byrne, 1996, . 15).
,
, Shavelson et al.
1976 .

.

Soares & Soares (1986),
. ,

, 6.

6:

ASC

SSC

PSC

ESC

: ASC= , SSC= , PSC= , ESC=

(Soares & Soares, 1986)

,
,
(Harter, 1983 1990c Marsh, 1989 1990b).
Harter,
(Harter & Pike, 1983) (Harter, 1985b)
(Neemann & Harter, 1986) (Messer & Harter, 1986)
(Renick & Harter, 1988)
(Franzois & Shields, 1984),
.

.
Winne & Marx (1981).
, ,
,
. ,
. ,
.

: 7

GSC

ASC

SSC

PSC

ESC

GCS= . : ASC= SSC=

PSC= ESC= (Winne & Marx, 1981)

, (Hattie, 1992 Shavelson,
Bolus, & Keesling, 1983),

 (Marsh,
Hattie, 1996).
, /
(/, Marsh, 1986d),
. ,

, ( )
( ).
Marsh
,
Marx Winnie (1978, 1980 Winnie & Marx,
1981).

.


, ,
, , , .
, .

. ,
,
(Marsh & Hattie, 1996, . 58,
59).

 8 :

(Shavelson, Hubner, & Stanton, 1976, . 413)

Shavelson
,
, g Speerman
(Vernon, 1950). 8
, Shavelson
(Shavelson, Hubner, & Stanton, 1976, . 413).

,

 .
, . ,
:
. : ,

(.. , , .).
Shavelson et al., (1976),
. Hattie (1992, . 86)

, ,
, Marsh & Yeung (1998).
Shavelson ,
,

.
:
) Song Hattie (Hattie, 1992 Song & Hattie, 1984),
) () Marsh & Shavelson (1985),
Shavelson & Marsh, 1986.
, Marsh (Marsh, 1990,
1992b, Marsh 1990c, 1992c, Marsh, Richards, Johnson, Roche, & Tremayne, 1994
Marsh, 1992d), Perception of Ability Scale for Students (Boersma &
Chapman), Physical Self-Perception Profile (Fox & Corbin, 1989),
Shavelson
. .

2.9

20 , ,
:
(Rosenberg, 1965),
(James, 1890 Shavelson et al, 1976)
(Harter, 1983).
1980,
,
.
(.. Coopersmith, 1967). ,
.
, ,
, ,
. ,
,
(1980-1990).
, Shavelson
, 1976, ,
,
. ,
. Byrne


(Byrne, 1984, . 449-450).
,
, , , , ,

(..
Boersma & Chapman, 1979 Fleming & Courtney, 1984 Harter, 1982 Hattie, 1992
Marsh, 1989a 1990c Soares & Soares, 1982).
, (Byrne, 1984 Marsh, 1990 Marsh &
Shavelson, 1985),
,
. Harter (1999),
,

,
,
(Marsh & Hattie, 1996).

Bandura (1997),

(. 11). ,

,

.


, Marsh (1992).

SDQ

(Self-Description

Questionnaire,

Marsh,

1990),

Shavelson (1976).

Markus

Kunda

(1986)

(working self-concept),
. ,
-, ,
. (Markus & Kunda 1986, . 859).

. ,
Byrne (1996),
.
Marsh (1989, 1990b,1993b),

. ,
Shavelson, .

.

2.10.
, ,
, 9-12 . ,

.
, - ,

. Burns (1982),

.
.
) (. 46).

,
(Markus, 1986). ,
,
, .
, -

, -,
(Epps & Smith, 1984).
Marsh & Nurius (1986)
:
) 6 16
, )
, , )


, ) ,
, - )
,
.

,
. Damon & Hart (1982)
, . ,

.
,
,
, -

(Cole et al., 1997).

, .
-
,
- . (Aboub,
1985 France-Kaatrube, & Smith, 1985 Ruble et al., 1994 Stippek & MacIver,
1989).

 (Epstein 1973,
1981, 1991 Greenwald, 1980 Kelly, 1955 Markus, 1980),

. - (Case, 1992 Fisher, 1980),
,
, . ,
( Harter, 1996, . 8).
,
:
, .
.

.
(7-11 ),
.
,
. , ,
- ,
, , , ,
, ,
(, 1994).
,
(
), , , ,

 .
(Harter, 1998a).
-
.
,

(, 1996).
,


. ,
-.
,

, , ,
, .
(Cooley, 1902 Mead, 1934)
(attachment theory).
,
-,
.


,
,
, - -,
, - ,
- .
,
.
,
, .
,
. 8-11
,
(,
, ) . ,
,
.
.
, , ,
,

 3:

3.1
,
,
Shavelson
(Shavelson et al., 1976) Wylie (1974, 1979)

 .
,
(Byrne, 1996).
-
, ,
, .
Burns (1979)
, - ,
.. .
( )
( ) (Burns, 1979,
. 75-77).

,
,
.
Bruce Bracken (1996)
,
, ,
, .

,
200 100
. , Bracken (1987) Salvia
Ysseldyke (1988), ,


, .

3.2.
: )
, ,
, , , )
, )
) (Byrne,
1996, . 68).

Byrne (1996) 72.
: )
(3-7 ), ) (8-12 ), )
(13-19 ) ) . ,
,
,
.
, ,
:
,
,
,
,
..


(8-12 ),
.

:

E.
(.
2.7 2.7).

,
, , , , ,
..

- (. 2.8, , , ).

,
. , ,
, , , ,
.

.
1. (ASDQ-I, Marsh,
1990c).
2. (PASS, Boersma & Chapman
1992).
3. Chapman-Tunmer (1992, 1995).

.
4. (MSCS, Bracken, 1992).
5. Piers-Harris (PHSCS, Piers, 1984).
(PHCSCS-2, Piers, Harris & Herzberg, 2001).
6. - (SDQ-I, Marsh, 1992b).
7. Harter (SPPC, Harter, 1985b).
8. Tennessee (TSCS, Fitts &
Warren 1984) (TSCS:2 1996).
.
9. Coopersmith (Coopersmith SelfEsteem Inventory, 1967).
10. Rosenberg (Self-Esteem Scale, Rosenberg,
1965, 1989).
,
, :
1. Marsh, Shavelson
(Shavelson et al., 1976),
, ASDQ-I,
8-12 . 78 ,
13 ,
12 .
6 ,
6 .
2. Boersma & Chapman (1992)
8-12 . 70 , 6

 . ,
,
.
3. 5 10
Chapman Tunmer (1992, 1995).
30 ,
,
. 5
.
4. MSCS Bracken (1992) -
9-19 .
150 -,

. , 25 ,
4 Likert.
5. Piers-Harris (1984),
80 , :
, ,
, , ,
. .
6. SDQ-I Marsh (1992)
8-12 . 76 , 8
: , ,

 , ,
, .
-. 5
.
7. Harter (1985a) Self-Perception Profile for Children
8-14 36 ,
6 : ,
,

-.
4 .
,
.
8. Tennessee,
, .
Coopersmith,
Rosenberg Brookover ,
(Byrne, 1996).

3.3.
(Byrne, 1996 Bruce &
Bracken, 1996 Harter, 1999),
. , ,
,
.

,
. ,
(FSEI-2, PSCS) , , - -,
.
Bruce Bracken (1996)
20 .

, FSEI-2, PSPC, SPI Self-Perception Profile. ,
MSCS, SIQ-R, PASS, SDQ-I, SDQ-II, SEI TSCS, .90
. , MSCS,
PASS, SDQ-I, SDQ-II, SEI, SPPA, SPPC, SPPCS, SPPLD, ASPS TSCS
.80 .
, ,
,
>.90, >.80.
TSCS, PHSCS MSCS, .90 (Bracken,
1987 Salvia & Ysseldyke, 1988, Bruce & Bracken, 1996, . 101).
,

,
,
. ,
,
.

3.4. Tennessee (1988/ 1994)

Tennessee (TSCS, Roid & Fitts, 1988/ 1994),
,

. 5
( ) 3 ( ) 2 ( ) (Marsh & Richards, 1988b).
, , ,
.
, . .
:
.
, ,
,
.

1964. , ,
,

. ,
,
. ,
. , ,

 ,
.
100 -
. ,
Likert 1 ( )
5 ( ). 13
. 13 10 20
.
626 ,
, 12 68 ,
, , .
:
) Tzeng, Maxey, Fortier, & Landis (1985), n=132,
(n =132, n =138) , alpha .80 ,
.89 .94.
) Roid & Fitts (1994), (n=122), (n=331), alpha
.70 .87 ,
( =.91) (= .94)
(= .94).

,
,
,
, (Wylie, 1979),
(Byrne, 1996, . 166-168).


,
. ,
,
,
, .
,
, ,
,
. ,
,
, , .
,
Q, -
(), .
, .
3.5
3.6 . , ,
, ,
Tennessee:2 (Fitts & Warren, 1996, TCSCS:2).
,
,
, ,
.

. 1976, -
.
, ,
.

 4:

4.1

, .
, (, ),
(, ) . ,
.
, ,
, .
, (..
Badinter, 1992 Chodorow, 1978 Stoller, 1972 Stoller & Gillbert, 1982). ,
,
, ,
Gilligan (1982). , , ,
,
, Markus & Oyserman, (1989).

 , ,
: , ,
. ,
. ,
.
,
, . (Caslyn & Kenny,
1972 Marsh et al., 1984 Rosenberg, 1965 Maccoby & Jaclin, 1974 Wylie, 1979), (Funk &
Bachnab, 1996 Marsh et al., 1984 Mujs, 1997 Skaalvik & Rankin, 1994) (Boersma &
Chapman, 1979 Marsh et al., 1983 1991) .
,
(Bruce &
Bracken, 1996). Burns (1986) ,
,
,
.
, , Craven, MacInerney & Marsh
(2000). Cole, Maxwell Martin (1997), 9 12 ,
. ,
, , (feedback),
, ,
(Entwisle, Alexander, Pallas, & Cadigan, 1987).
, , -
, . ,
, ( / , /).
Linvill, (1987) Showers, (1992).
, ,
(Byrne & Shavelson, 1986 Marsh et al.,
1985 Bandura, 1992). Piers-Harris (PHCSCS, 1996)
Osborne & Legette (1982), -
,
.
(Marsh et al., 1985 1988 Skaalvik & Rankin, 1994
Muijs, 1997), ,
, . , ,
, .
, ( - , -
- ) (Burns, 1986). , ,

4.6.
, (Leondari, 1993)
. - (1994)
(Koumi, 1994)
.
, (Flouris 1964 Flouris & Mantzana, 1974).
, ,
, . ,
, .

4.2

,
. ,
, (Aboud, 1985 France-Kaatrude & Smith, 1985
Harter, 1985a Ruble, 1983 Ruble, Eisenberg, & Higgins, 1994 Stippek & MacIver, 1989).
, - ,
, , , (Bannister & Agnew,
1976 Montemayor & Eisen, 1977).
(Marsh & Debus, 1999), (Marsh, 1990
Marsh & Shavelson, 1985 Pallas et al., 1990 Shavelson & Marsh, 1986).
, ,
, . , ,
1978, Wylie (1979),
,
6 50 . , Marsh ,
, ,
(Marsh, 1984, 1989 Marsh, Barnes, Cairns, & Tidman, 1984 Marsh et al., 1985 1988).

 TSCS:2, ,
, . 13-14
-
. .27.
,
13-14 .
, ,
.
. ,
, (Crain & Bracken, 1994 Marsh, 1989 Walker &
Greene, 1986), ,
(Bracken & Crain, 1994 Furman & Buhrmester, 1992).
, , , ,
.

(Marsh, 1989 Stipek, 1981). ,
.

4.3
,
, . Hattie (1992) ,
: ) ) . ,
,
(.
9).
,
. Song & Hattie (1984)
.
. , ,
(Shooler, 1969 Rosenberg, 1965 Sears, 1970), Burns (1982),
, .
9:

&

(Hattie, 1992, , 1996, . 135)

,
. ,
, ,
, .
,
, ,
, .
, , , ,
(Meadows, 1996).

(Kowal & Kramer, 1997). , ,
, ,
, .
, ,
-, Bandura (1997). ,

. ,
. , Bandura,

,
(.170).
, , .
(1989) .
, , , ,
, .
, 10 -12,5 ,
Piers-Harris (PHCSCS, 1996),
,
(Foundoulaki & Alexopoulos, 1998).
, ,
,
,
. .

4.3.

, . ,
.
, , ,
, ,
.

, , ,
.
, - ,
. (Erikson, 1963 Wylie, 1963 Osborne & Legette, 1982),
, (Byrne, 1984 Hansford & Hattie, 1982),
-
. , -
.

 .
,
, .
, , .
Smith (1969) , ,
.
, Gecas & Self (1987) Gurin & Morrison (1978),
- - .
, (Knief & Stroud,
1959 Marjoribanks, 1978 Zlowden, 1967).
, -
(Edelman, 1987 Zill, Collins, West, & Hausken, 1995). , , -
,
. , , ,
,
(Huston, 1994 Kantor & Lowe, 1995 Zill et al. 1995).
, , ,
, ,
, (Clark,
1983 Zimmerman & Arunkumar, 1994).
,

. , , ,
(Dauber &
Epstein, 1993 Feitelson & Goldstein, 1986 Halle et al., 1997 Muller & Kerbow, 1993 Scott-Jones, 1984 Stevenson &
Baker, 1987).
Pollard (1985), ,
.
, , . , ,
, .
, . (Dragona, 1983)
, ,
. (1985), ,
, - . (1989), ,
-
.
, (Danasi- Afendaki, 1985 Flouris, 1989 Foundoulaki & Alexopoulos, 1998 Katakis,
1987 Vassiliou, 1966), ,
, .
, ,
,
.
, , ,
, . , ,
.
,
.
(, 1990).
TSCS:2,
( ), , ,
, (. Fitts & Warren, 1996, . 56).
, ,
, (4.8).
/ ,
,
.
4.3.
- ,
. ,
,
. , ,
, , , ,
.


- , (Brookover, LePeve,
Hamachek, Thomas, & Erickson, 1965 Coopersmith, 1967 Helper, 1968 Weiss, 1974).
, Hattie (1984) ,
,
.
.50 (Bloom, 1964 Dave,
1964 Mosychuk, 1969 Wolf, 1964).
- ,
(Cooley, 1902 Mead, 1934).
Cooley, (Cole, 1991a Felson, 1989
Marsh, Barnes, & Hocevav, 1985). ,
.
, ,
,
(Stern, 1985).
, , (Furman &
Buhrmester, 1985 Nair & Jason, 1985 Zelkowitz, 1989).
, (Freud, 1915-1959),
,
, (Lewis, 1982 Bruce & Bracken, 1996). ,
, , (Lamb 1976
1977 Lytton, 1980 Mains, Kaplan, & Cassidy, 1985).
, ,
,
. ,
, Grolnick & Slowiaczek (1994),
Grolnick, Ryan, & Deci, (1991). , , ,
, , , (Sheehan, 1985 Miller &
Davis, 1992).
, ,
. ,
, - (Anderson,
Linder, & Bennion, 1992).
,
. , ,
, (Burns,
1986). , , ,
,
, (, 1990).
, , ,
, . ,
, , ,
, , (Mussen & Kargan, 1958).
(1996) , , ,
, (. 133).
,
, , ,
,
(Rogers, 1956). , ,
- ,
(Baumrind, 1967 1973). , ,
,
, ,
.
,
, ,
, .

4.5 -
, ,
, , , . ,
, (Crockers & Luhtanen,
1990 Tajfel, 1981). - ,
, ,
(Wertsch, 1989).

 , , , ,
(Dragonas, 1983 , 1994 , 1989).
(1994), ,
. ,
,
.
,
21 , , .
, , ,
, , ,
.
,
(Vassiliou & Vassiliou, 1973), , , ,
. ,
(Koumi, 1994 , 1998), , ,
, .
,
, , 16 .
, , ,
(Friedl, 1962 Campbell, 1964 Kenna, 1976 , 1998).
, ,
, . ,
, , ,
, (, 1984 1998).
, ,
,
.

4.6

.
Shavelson (Shavelson et al, 1976),
(. 10).
, ,
.
, -
Herbert Marsh. , (SDQI, SDQII, SDQIII)
, Shavelson,
Marsh/ Shavelson (1985) / (I/E Marsh, 1986), o
Marsh .

. ,
, , Marsh ,
1988, ,
: .
Hattie 1992, 128
, (944 1.136), 22
170 , .21. ,
( ,
, .)
, ,
, .
(West et al., 1980 Pottebaum et al. 1986),
.
, Shavelson Bolus (1982), .

10:

Marsh, Byrne & Shavelson (1988)

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

, ,

, (, , ,
) (, ), (, 1995, . 17). ,
Marsh (1992). , , .
Simpson (1996), ,

(Licht, 1992 Nicholls & Miller, 1984).
Fontaine (1994), ,
r =.20 r = .40. Harter
, , .52 .64
(Harter, 1992 Harter et al., 1992), Gottfried (1990),
.
Covington .
-, ,
, ,
(Covington & Beery, 1976 Covington & Omelich, 1979 Conington,
1984a, b, 1992 1998 2000).
, ,
, ,
, Dweck & Elliott
(1983). , , , .
Miserandino (1996), ,
,
, .
,
Big-Fish- Little-Pond- Effect (BFLPE, Marsh, 1984, 1991, Marsh et al., 1995). , , ,
--- - , .

. ,
. ,
, ,
, .
, .
,
, (Ames, 1992a
Ames & Archer, 1988 Maehr & Fyans, 1989 Midgley, Anderman & Hicks, 1995).
,
,
- (Funk & Bachman, 1996 Wigfield & Eccles, 1994 Muijs, 1997). ,
. ,
(West et al., 1980 Johnson- Smaragdi & Johnson, 1995).
, ,
.
, - (Roelandt,
Martens, & Veenman, 1990 Danneels, 1986).
,
(Osborne, 1995 Zillman et al., 1995). 1827 , ,
(feedback) (Hattie,
1992).
, (, 1978 1983 1989 ,
1989) . (1989),
r= .22 r= .28 .
(1983) ,
, - (1995).
r= .50 (
, 1999 Makri-Botsari, 1999).
r= .52 r= .59 ( ) r= .40 r= .44 ( ). (1992, 1996)
, r= .26 r= .32.

..

,
, . ,
:

, .

, ,
.

4.6
, . , . .
. ,
, ,
,
(, , 2002).

, ,
(Cooley, 1992 Mead, 1934 Blanck, 1993 ,
1995 , 1989 , 1994). ,
,
(Bozel, 1991 -, 1993). ,
, .
,
Harvard, Rosenthal, & Jacobson (1968),
. - (Self-fulfilling Prophecy).
- ,
, ,
, (1996).
, , (1999)
, , ,
, , .
Pollard (1985),
. ,
. ,
, , - .
,
, , (Stipek & MacIver,
1989). (Brown & Weiner,
1984 Covington & Omelich, 1979 Craven et al., 1991) ,
- (Schunk, 1982, 1983,
1985, 1986).
(Antunes
& Fontaine, 1998 Blatchford, 1989 Brookoner & Schneider, 1975 Pidgeon, 1970),
(Brophy, 1983 Murphy, 1974 -, 2000). Antune Fontaine
(1998), , ,
r = .45, r = .33 r = .50.

. , ,
, . Cogan (1958), Reed (1962)
.
, Burns (1976)
, ( - ,
- ).
Trowbridge (1973),
Tennessee (TSCS Fitts, 1965). ,
Guilford (1956) (r= .62).
, . Curtis & Altmann (1977), TSCS ,
, ,
.
Boekaerts & Connell (1993), -
,

, .
Roeser, Midgey, & Urdan, (1996), , r= .27,
p<.01 - .
, , ,
,
, , , ,
(Brophy, 1986).
, .
: ) , , , ,
) , , , , (, 1986).
, ,
,
(, 1995 , 1997 , 1999 , 1999).
- ,
. 11
,
.

11:

, ,
,
. ,
, .

, ,
, .

4.8
, ,
, ,
,
. ,
, ,
(Piaget, 1932 McGuire & McGuire, 1982).

 ,
, - ,
Harter (1990b),
, .

, .
,
, , ,
.

, . ,
Shavelson (1976),
,
.

(Asher & Hartup, 1983). ,
, ,
. ,
. ,
.
, , , ,
,
(Rowden & LeMare, 1990).
Wentzel & Erldey (1993),
. , (Marsh et al.,

1983),
. , , (Marsh & Gouvernet,
1989 Marsh, 1990 Marsh et al., 1985 Marsh & O Neill, 1984),

.
,
,
, , ,
(Hoge
& Benzulli, 1993).
,
(Casey et al., 1992 Clever et al, 1992 Purrant et al., 1999).
,
.
,
(Festinger, 1954).
,
,
(MacIver, 1987 , 1996).
, , ,
,
(Rosenberg, 1989).
, ,
, .

,
, ,

(Charney, 1998). ,

, (.
, 1998, . 325 , 1999, . 926-933).
, ,
,
. , , ,
, ,
, ,
(, 1999). ,
,
(Johnson & Johnson, 1994).
,

.
,


.

 4
, . ,
, ,
, ,
. ,

, ,
.
,
, .
,
.
,
,
. ,
, ,
, .
,
.
,
,
. ,
, ,
,
.

 ,
, ,

, - .

 5:

5.1

Tennessee:2,
(Tennessee Self-Concept Scale: 2, Child Form, Fitts & Warren, 1996).
,

.
, ,
,
, .

-

.
( ,
, , ,
..).
Burns (1976),
,
, .
,
,
, (Shavelson et al., 1976).
,
(-,

James, 1890). ,
,
.
,
, .
(. . 1),

,
.

5.2
- 2002.
2001.
.
,
,
, .

1999-2000 .
, ,
TSCS:2, 9,5 13 ,
,
,
. ,

,
.

1999-2000 300.009 (153.676 146.333 ),
.
13
6, ,
. ,
: 1) , 2)
, 3) , 4)
5) , .
, ,
, .

, ..
5.2.1
( ),
,
. 5.2.2

,
.
2512 , 9,5 -13 , ( ),
( ) ( ) .
5.2.3

,
.
,
. ,

.
,
.
, ,
. ,
,
, .
, ,
. ,
.

(1226 1286 ), 48.73% 51.27%
,
.
, ,
, , ,
, .
, ,
, . ,

 ,
.

5.2.1
.
, ,
( 1999-2000)

15.726

15.275

15.992

15.067

16.854

16.065

31.61%

31.83%

32.05%

31.87%

31.20%

31.46%

2.586

2.536

2.599

2.430

2.910

2.709

5.20%

5.28%

5.21%

5.14%

5.39%

5.30%

6.320

6.037

6.475

6.040

7.035

6.659

12.70%

12.58%

12.97%

12.77%

13.02%

13.04%

5.243

4.885

5.203

4.804

5.669

5.416

10.54%

10.19%

10.42%

10.16%

10.49%

10.60%

12.990

12.582

12.868

12.472

14.149

13.229

26.11%

26.22%

25.79%

26.38%

26.19%

25.90%

6.888

6.669

6.766

6.465

7.403

6.993

13.84%

13.90%

13.56%

13.67%

13.70%

13.69%

49.753

47.984

49.903

47.278

54.020

51.071

1043

&

438

1091

942

1462

1004

100%

100%

100%

97.737

97.181

105.091

5.980

 5.2.2

. . 1999-2000

, ,
94.979

(%)
31.65%

715

352

363

15.770

5.26%

107

41

66

/- .

38.566

12.85%

418

209

209

31.220

10.41%

526

259

267

78.290

26.09%

512

259

253

. -.

41.184

13.73%

234

106

128

300.009

100%

2512

1226

1286

5.2.3

. 1999-2000.

1462

(%)

24.4%

(%)

0.5%

942

15.7%

0.6%

/ -

1091

18.2%

0.54%

1043

17.4%

0.86%

438

7.3%

0.45%

. , . ,

1004

16.7%

0.3%

5980

100%

0.55%

( 1999-2000)

5.3

33

 ,
, ,
.

.
:
i.

/ ,

ii.

iii.

iv.

v.

vi.

vii.

viii.

ix.

x.

xi.

. , ,
, ,
.
,
10.8% ,
58.1% / , 20% , 7.3%
2.4% .
(50.4%) ,
(36.4%), (10.9%)
(2.2%).

 , ,
: ) ,
2000 (85.7%) )
2000 (14.2%).
-
,
,
,
.
, ,
,
(37% 21.5%) (23%).
13.7% ,
( 5.3%)
(4.57%).
(2.3%) ,
, , ,
.
,
.
,
, , ,
, .
(18.5%), (10.8%)
(13.1%) (12.1%).

 (0.68%)
(1.14%) , , (43.6%)
.
, , , ,
. , (1994)
74% .

,
, ,
.
, ,
,
- . , ,
,
.
,
, -
.
,
,
,
. , ,
,
.

5.4
, , :
1.
Tennessee (Tennessee Childrens Self-Concept Scale, TSCS:2, Fitts &
Warren, 1996).
2. Piers-Harris (Sort form of
Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale, PHSCS, Bagley & Mallick, 1978).
3. (Perception of Ability Scale
for Students, PASS, Boersma & Chapman, 1992).
,

. , ,
, (. .
5.3).

5. 4. Tennessee :2
Tennessee:2 (TSCS:2, Fitts & Warren, 1996)
: )
, )
)
. ,
, ,
.

 ( , ,
, , )
.
TSCS:2 ,
, , , ,
.
-
,

1988.
, , -. ,
TSCS 3000 , 7
90 . ,

. ,
20
,
.
, TSCS:2 76 ,
, 5
( Likert) (1),
(5).
10 20 .
, . 1784
7 14 .

 : ,
:
, , , , .
, , : )
/ , ) , ) ) . ,
, .
, 6 3 4,
(5 3 2),
Marsh & Richard (1988), ,
. ,
,
.
1988, ,
, , ,
. .
,
.
,
TSCS:2 ,
.
,
2,
Tennessee (TSCS:2, Fitts & Warren, 1996).

 Tennessee
1= , 2= , 3= ,
4= 5= .
1. .

2. .

3. .

4. .

5. .

6. .

7. .

8. .

9. , .

10. .

5.4..1 TSCS:2
TSCS:2 :
.
alpha
Cronbach (Cronbach, 1951). ,
.66 .92 ( .73)
. TSCS:2,
1988,
(Battle, 1992 Bracken,
1992 Piers, 1991).
,
81 ,
.55 .83. ,

 , ,

, , .

,

.
. ,
+.00 +.33 (
+.16 ).

5.4..2

,
.
. .
, -
Balester (1956), Engel (1956)
Taylor (1953),

.
Guttman (1970), (facet
design),
: .

Levin, Karnie Frankel (1975)

.
.
TSCS:2
, ,
,

,
.30 .78.
TSCS:2,
,
,
. ,
, , Bolton
(1976) 1988
TSCS.
,
,

PHSCS

. PHSCS
r=.14 r=.66 .

5.4. Piers-Harris

Piers-Harris ,
39 - (). ,
. S.E.I.
Coopersmith, 9 12
.
Piers-Harris, 1984

80 .

Bagley Mallick (1978). ,

,
,
. 39 ,
, 0.30 0.63.

,
(Papastamatis, 1980, University of Bradford).
1, 3, 7, 10, 13, 15, 17, 21, 24, 27, 28, 32
. 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, 25, 26,
29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 39 .
39
, (, - ,
, , ),
1964 1984. , ,
, ,

 ,
. ,
.

Piers-Harris

1. .
2. .
3. .
4. / .
5. , .
6. .
7. .
8. .
9. .
10. /

5.4.. (PASS)
(Perception of Ability Scale
for Students, PASS, Boersma & Chapman, 1992), - ,
,
.
, 8
12 . 70 , (- ).
: )
, ) , ) , ) - , )
) .
.
,

 ,
(Byrne, 1996). ,
.

1. .
2. ().
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .
8. .
9. .
10. .

5.4.
,
, , .
, , ,
, ,
.
: ,
,
,
. ,
, ,
.
, , .

5.4
H (TSCS:2)
.
(forwardtranslation) (back-translation).

, ,
. .
,
, ,
.
,
, ,

.
,
, (1 :
, 2 : ),
, .
(back-translation),

(, 1998).
, ,
. ,

 .

.

5.5
,
,
. , ,
, .
, ,
,
.
.
, -
,
(TSCS:2).
TSCS:2,
. , ,

, , .
,
.
,
,
. TSCS:2 7
25 .


45 . ,
.
,
,
. ,
6 TSCS:2
,
.
,
,
, , ,
.
,
, , ,

(Byrne, 1988a).

, ( 1= , 2=
, 3= , 4=
5= ), ,
.
.
, , ,

 , ,
. , , ,
, :
1= , 2= , 3= .
,
,
TSCS:2,
. ,
,

,
.. .
,
, ,
, ,
.
,
,

.

5.6
,
Tennessee (TSCS:2),
.

 ,
,
.
,
, ,
.
,
,
.
, ( , ,
, , , .)
/, SPSS
9.1 (1999) EXCELL
(Excell 5, 1985).
, .

5.6..
TSCS:2 : )
, )
) .
TSCS:2,
PHSCS PASS : alpha Cronbach,
,
Kuder-Richardson.

, ,
, , . .80
, .90 (Thorndike et
al., 1991). ,
Bracken (1987) Salvia Ysseldyke (1988), : )
.80 , )
.90 ,
, ) .80 ,
)
.90, .
,

, , ,
(Hammill, Brown, & Bryant, 1992 Byrne, 1996).
, , ,
. ,
,
.
, ,
(Byrne, 1996, . 39).
, ,
20 2003
2 , 3 2003.
, , 3
. 60, 32 28 , (18

 , 24, 18 ).
.

TSCS:2,
alpha Cronbach,
, (
), ( & , 2001, .
171). ,
. ,
,
,
(, 2001, . 143-145).
, ,
, , :
. 1985 ,

,
, 1985 (Standards for Educational and Psychological
Testing, 1985). ,
Crocker Algina (1986) Nunally (1978)
Thorndike et al. (1991).

(. . 5.1), ,
,
.

 ,
.
, (raw scores) ,
,

. , ,
.
, ,


, TSCS:2.

5.6..

, (Burns, 1976 , 1998).
,
(Standards, 1985, . 9).
: )
, ) )
(Nunnally & Berbsech, 1994, , 1998, . 32).
, .80 ,
.60 .79 , .30 .59 .30
(Bruce & Bracken, 1996, . 95).

, ,

. TSCS:2,
PHSCS PASS,
TSCS:2.
:
(Cronbach & Meehl,
1955 Anastasi, 1986, Byrne, 1996, . 42).
,
,
Shavelson (1976) Wylie (1974 1979),
.
,
,
,
(, 2001).
,
: ) , )
, ) ,
) )
(.. 2),
(Marsh, 1993 1994b

2001, . 158).
76 TSCS:2
2512 ,

 ,
.

, (TSCS:2, Fitts & Warren,
1996). ,
.
, varimax.
,
. , Cattell (1966b),

.


, .

.
.
, 2512
76 , 1 34, Gorscuch
(1983) Streiner (1994),
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, .915.
Bartlett 31694,399
(p<.005),
(, 1998).

5.7
TSCS:2
2001. 409 (194 47.35% 215
52.7%), (, ,
, ) .

. ,
,
,
.
60 , .
:
1. Tennessee, (TSCS:2,
Fitts & Warren, 1996),
2. Piers-Harris (PHCSCS,
Bagley & Mallick, 1978)
3. -
,
.
,
1 ( ) 5 ( ),
.
, 48 , 40 , 30
, 22 15 .


, .

(analysis of principal components).
TSCS:2,
.

varimax.
, 409
68 , ( 8 -
), 6
, Gorsuch (1983) Streiner (1994).

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, .848
.869 .
Bartlett 2293.097
3083.987 , (p<.001),
(, 1998).
, .30,
5.7.4 5.7.5.

TSCS:2 . alpha
Cronbach ,
(9-10 ) (12-13 ) (.
5.7.2).

 ,
, alpha .79
.75 .88. 9-10 , alpha
.79 .75 .88. 12-13 , alpha
.79 .75 .87.
(.87), ,
. 5.7.2
,
TSCS:2 .
,
, alpha .88 .75.

varimax. ,
-, .
, ,
. , ,
, ,
5.7.3 5.7.4.
(scree plot) , ,

. 34.6 %
42.8 % .
, ,
,
, .

 ,
,
, .
73, 22, 50, 69 76
.
21, 19, 2, 10, 25, 45, 26, 46 36 >.30
.
, ,
,
, ,
.
5.7.5 5.7.6.
, ,
. Shavelson
(1976, . 415),
, ,
,
.
,
. ,
.
TSCS:2
Piers-Harris TSCS:2.
5.7.7 , .47
.68

 (p< .001). , ,
.
5.7.8 , .48 .61.

.76 .82.
, :
1.

TSCS:2 ,
, , 9
12 , .

2.

alpha, ( .75 .87

) . alpha
,
. 1.34 2.96
5.62 . ,
TSCS:2 ,
.

3.

,
. ,
.
,
. ,
, ,
, .

4.

(,
), . ,

.
5.

, PHCSCS
TSCS:2, .47 .57 .68
.
TSCS:2 PHCSCS.

6.

7.

. (p<.001),

 9-13
, .
, TSCS:2
. ,
2002,
, ,
.

5.7.1:
alpha, , ,
,
TSCS:2.

TSCS: 2

..
= 404

alpha
.76
2.96
.77
1.49
.75
1.74
.77
1.34
.75
1.95
.77
1.54
.87
5.62

30.87
24.87
28.53
29.06
35.12
24.69
173.17

3.41
3.12
3.49
2.86
3.90
3.22
15.6

14
10
11
11
14
10
70

5.7.2:
alpha

.
9-10

12-13

 ..

.88

.87

.87

.76

.75

.76

.77

.76

.77

.76

.75

.76

.77

.77

.77

.75

.75

.75

.77

.76

.76

5.7.3:

varimax

1.
21.
40.
57.
20.
22.
19. /
42.
73.

.42

3
4

.42

5
.39

.36
.34
.43

.61
.47
.34

11.
.51
50.
6.
.47
23.
.59
33.
.32
66.

.41

.30
.37
.55
.30
.31

.49
.32
.63

.31

10.
61. /
62.
45.
25.
2.

.62
.41
.51
.52
.51
.38

.45

27.
36.
16.
.39
74.
.54
46.
.60
69.
26. /
.61

5.
53.
.31
72.
15.
43.
76.
34.6%
9.0
8.3
:

.34

.51
.32
.56
.65
.47
.49
7.6

5.2

4.4

5.7.4:

varimax

30.
3.
31.
7.
58.
64.
41.

1
2

3
4

6
.55

.40

.31
.59

.45
.66
.51
.31

.38

.66
.39

.31

59.
65.
4.
54.
49.
44.

.58
.47
.69


34.
17.
24. /
18.
60.

51.
35.
14.
.40
67.
.33
68. .
.37

55.
37.
8. .
.43
63.
12.
.55
13.
.52
.34
70.

75.
.44
52.

.54
.66
.67
.65
.70
.34
.34

.59

.56
.34
.78
.61
.30
.47
.35

9.
32.
42.8 %
:

.60
.59
8.8

8.5

8.2

6.9

6.4

3.8

5.7.5:

varimax
,
. .

1
.86
.60

.48
.89
.96

.59

.45
.98

.82
.76
.93

28.88 %
:

.46

.61

.57

.46
.93
.90

.83
.67
11.1

10.1

.49
7.5

5.7.6:

varimax
,

33.06%
:

.93
.98
.81
.88
.83
.84
.98
.81
.88
.83
.89
.59

.51
.94
.32

.64
16.6

.97
7.4

8.9

5.7.7:

TSCS:2 PHSCS
TSCS:2

.
.

PHCSCH
*p <.001

.54*

.51*

.57*

.53*

.55*

.47*

.68*

 5.7.8:
Pearson TSCS:2

TSCS:2

.53

.61

.53

.54

.52

.58

.58

.54

.55

.55

.51

.48

.58

.48

.54

.80
.76
.82
.76
..
: n= 404, r= 0.10 p< .05, r= .13 p< .01

.81

.76

 6:

6.1 TSCS:2
, ,
,
.

. ,
,
(, 1990).
,
(Lehmann, 1975).
z, z = X X /, : X
z-, X
. , z T, =10z+50, : z = z .
T-, ,
50 10.
20 80 (3
3 ). -,
. ,

20 80, 15%
40 , 50% 50 84% 60
(Fitts & Warren, 1996, . 46).
TSCS:2
2512 9 12,5 , 1226 (48.73%)

1286 (51.27%). 6.1.1 6.1.8

T- ,
, ,
TSCS:2. ,

.
, 6.1.9 6.1.11,
,
TSCS:2 ,
9-11 12 . ,

.

(d) Cohen,
,
. Cohen (1969, 1992),
, (Rule of Thumb),
, (d = Md / norm. S),
.20, .50 .80. Horst, Tallmadge
Wood (1975),
,
, .
, , , ,
d, ,
, ,

 .20 . ,

.
6.1.1:

-

%
99.9
99.8
99.7
99.6
99.5
99.4
99.2
98.9
98.6
98.2
97.7
97.1
96.4
95.5
94.5
93.2
91.8
90.2
88.4
86.2
84.0
81.5
78.6
75.7
72.4
69.0
65.3
61.6
57.8
53.8
50.0
46.1
42.2
38.4
34.6
31.0
27.5
24.4
21.4
18.5
16.0
13.7
11.7
9.8
8.2
6.8
5.5
4.5
3.7
2.9
2.3
1.8
1.4
1.1

T
>80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27

INC
7-15

SC

FG

TOT

12-13

202
201
200-169
198
197-196
195
194
193
192
191
190-189
188
187
186
185-184
183
182-181
180
179-178
177
176-175
174
173-172
171
170-169
168
167-166
165
164-163
162
161
160-159
158
157-156
155
154
153
152-151
150
149-148
145
140-139
138
137-136
135

PHY

MOR

PER

FAM

SOC

AC

IDN

SAT

BHV

6
24
51
23
5
22

21

11

20
10
19

18
9
17

16
8
15

14
7
13

12

11

10

35
38

42
47

37

30

50

63

49

62

41
30

36

61

33
29

40
33

35

32
28

48

60

45

47

59
58

44

46

57

27

43

45

56

44

55

26

42
43

54

42

53
52

29
39

32
28

34

31
27

33

38
31

30
26

32

37
30

36

29
25

31

28

35

25

41

34

24

40

29
41

30

24

27

51
40

28
29

50
33

23

23

26
32

28

27
22

39
39

49

38

48

37

47
46

38
22

25
31

27

37
21

24

26

21

36
30

26

36
20

23

25

45
35

29

20
25

35

34

34

33

44
43

19
22
19

28
24

42

24

18
21

27

33

32

23
18

23

17

31

41
40

T
>80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27

.09
.07
.05
.04
.03
.02
.01
<.01

26
25
24
23
22
21
20
<20

3
2-1

134-133
132
131-130
129
128-127
126
123
122-95

20

39

22

30
17

26
19

16

22

38
32

29

21

20-13

37
16
15-12

18
17-13

21
20-14

25

15

24-11

14-13

28
31
30-18

27-18

36
35-30

26
25
24
23
22
21
20
<20

6.1.2:

-

%
99.9
99.8
99.7
99.6
99.5
99.4
99.2
98.9
98.6
98.2
97.7
97.1
96.4
95.5
94.5
93.2
91.8
90.2
88.4
86.2
84.0
81.5
78.6
75.7
72.4
69.0
65.3
61.6
57.8
53.8
50.0
46.1
42.2
38.4
34.6
31.0
27.5
24.4
21.4
18.5
16.0
13.7
11.7
9.8
8.2
6.8
5.5
4.5
3.7
2.9
2.3
1.8
1.4
1.1
.09

T
>80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26

INC
7-15

SC

FG
8-13

TOT

PHY

MOR

PER

FAM

SOC

AC

IDN

SAT

BHV

7
24
52
23

6
22

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

202
201
200-199
198
197-196
195
194-193
192
191-190
189
188-187
186
185-184
183
182-181
180
179-178
177
176-175
174
173-172
171
169-168
167
165-164
163
162-161
160
159-158
157
156
155-154
153
152-151
150
149-148
147
146-145
144
143-142
141
140-139
138
137-136
135
134-133

30
38

42

50

63

49

62

48

61

47

60

45

46

59
58

44

45

57

27

43

44

56

43

55

26

42
42

54

41

53
52

47
29

41
30

36

33

33

28

40
29

35

32
27

39
32
28

34

31
26

33

38
31

30
25

32

37
30

36

29
24

31

28

35

25

41

34

24

40

29
40

30

23

27

51
39

28
29

50
33

22

23

26
32

28

27
21

39
38

49

37

48

36

47
46

38
22

25
31

27

37
21

26
20

24

35
30

26

36
20

23

25

45
34

29

44

19
25

35

33

34

32

19
22
18

28

43

24

42

24

18
21

27

33

31

23
17

23
20

26

17

41
40

30
32

39

T
>80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26

.07
.05
.04
.03
.02
.01
<.01

25
24
23
22
21
20
<20

132
131-130
129
128
127
126-125
123-116

22

29
16

25

16

38

22
21

20-15

28

19
15
10-14

31

18
17-15

21
20

24

15

23-22

14

30
29-25

37
27
23-26

34-32

25
24
23
22
21
20
<20

6.1.3:

-

%
99.9
99.8
99.7
99.6
99.5
99.4
99.2
98.9
98.6
98.2
97.7
97.1
96.4
95.5
94.5
93.2
91.8
90.2
88.4
86.2
84.0
81.5
78.6
75.7
72.4
69.0
65.3
61.6
57.8
53.8
50.0
46.1
42.2
38.4
34.6
31.0
27.5
24.4
21.4
18.5
16.0
13.7
11.7
9.8
8.2
6.8
5.5
4.5
3.7
2.9
2.3
1.8
1.4
1.1
.09

T
>80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26

INC
7-9

SC

FG

TOT

PHY

MOR
35

PER
33

30

32

FAM

SOC

AC

IDN

SAT

BHV

13
6
24
50
23

12

42
5

49

63

48

62

47

61

46

60

45

45

59
58

44

44

57

27

43

43

56

42

55

26

42
41

54

40

53
52

200-199
22

21

47

11

20
10
19

18
9
17

16
8
15

14
7
13

12

11

10

197-196
195
194-193
192
191-190
189
188-187
186
185-184
183
182-181
180
179-178
177
176-175
174
173-172
171
170-169
168
167-166
165
164-163
162
161-160
159
158
157-156
155
154-153
152
151-150
149
148-147
146
145-144
143
142-141
140
139
138-137
136

37

29

31

41
30

36

33
28

30

40
29

35

39
27

29

32
28

34

38
26

28

31

33

37
25

27

30

36

32
24

26

31

35

25

41

34

24

40

29
39

30

23

25

51
38

28
29

50
33

22

23

24
32

28

27
21

39
37

49

36

48

35

47
46

38
22

23
31

27

37
21

26
20

22

34
30

26

36
20

25
19

45
33

29

44

21

25

35

32

34

31

19
28
18

20

43

24

42

24

18
27

33

30

23
17

19

23

26

17

41
40

29
32

39

T
>80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26

.07
.05
.04
.03
.02
.01
<.01

25
24
23
22
21
20
<20

3
2-1

135-134
133
132-131
130-129
128
127
123-95

22

28
16

18

25

16

22

38
31

27

21

19-10

37
15
14-12

17
16-13

21
20-14

24

15

23-18

14-13

30
29-21

26-18

36
35-30

25
24
23
22
21
20
<20

6.1.4:

-
%
99.9
99.8
99.7
99.6
99.5
99.4
99.2
98.9
98.6
98.2
97.7
97.1
96.4
95.5
94.5
93.2
91.8
90.2
88.4
86.2
84.0
81.5
78.6
75.7
72.4
69.0
65.3
61.6
57.8
53.8
50.0
46.1
42.2
38.4
34.6
31.0
27.5
24.4
21.4
18.5
16.0
13.7
11.7
9.8
8.2
6.8
5.5
4.5
3.7
2.9
2.3
1.8
1.4
1.1
.09
.07

T
>80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25

INC
7-9

SC

FG

TOT

PHY

MOR

PER
FAM

SOC

AC

IDN

SAT

BHV

13
6
24
51
23

12

202

30
38

5
22

21

11

20
10
19

18
9
17

16
8
15

14
7
13

12

11

10

199
198
196-197
195
194-193
192
191-190
189
188-187
186
185-184
183
182-181
180
179-178
177
176-175
174
173-172
171
170-169
168
167-166
165
164-163
162
161-160
159
158
157-156
155
154-153
152
151-150
149
148-147
146
145-144
143
142-141
140
139-138
137
136-135
134

42

50

62

49

61

48

60

47

59

45

46

58
57

44

45

56

27

43

44

55

43

54

26

42
42

53

41

52

47
29

41
30

36

33

33

28

40
29

35

32
27

39
32
28

34

31
26

33

38
31

30
25

32

37
30

36

29
24

31

28

35

25

41

34

24

40

29
40

30

23

27

51
39

28
29

50
33

22

23

26
32

28

27
21

39
38

49

37

48

36

47
46

38
22

25
31

27

37
21

24

26

20

35
30

26

36
20

23

25

45
34

29

44

19
25

35

33

34

32

19
22
18

28

43

24

42

24

18
21

27

33

31

23
17

23
20

22

26

17

41
40

30
32

39
29

T
>80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25

.05
.04
.03
.02
.01
<.01

24
23
22
21
20
<20

3
2-1

133-132
131
129
128
127-126
122-109

16

25
19

16

22

38
31

28

21

37
24

20-15

15
14-13

18
17-15

21
20-19

23-18

27
14

30
29-22

26-23

36
34-30

24
23
22
21
20
<20

6.1.5:
-


%
99.9
99.8
99.7
99.6
99.5
99.4
99.2
98.9
98.6
98.2
97.7
97.1
96.4
95.5
94.5
93.2
91.8
90.2
88.4
86.2
84.0
81.5
78.6
75.7
72.4
69.0
65.3
61.6
57.8
53.8
50.0
46.1
42.2
38.4
34.6
31.0
27.5
24.4
21.4
18.5
16.0
13.7
11.7
9.8
8.2
6.8
5.5
4.5
3.7
2.9
2.3
1.8
1.4
1.1
.09
.07
.05
.04

T
>80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23

INC
7-10

SC

FG

TOT

PHY

MOR
35

PER

FAM

SOC

AC

IDN

SAT

BHV

13
6
24
51
23

12

30
42

50

63

49

62

48

61

47

60

45

46

59
58

44

45

57

27

43

44

56

43

55

26

42
42

54

41

53
52

5
22

21

11

20
10
19

18
9
17

16
8
15

14
7
13

12

11

10

198
197-196
195
194-193
192
191-190
189
188-187
186
185-184
183
182-181
180
179-178
177
176-175
174
173-172
171
170-169
168
167-166
165
164-163
162
161-160
159
158
157-156
155
154-153
152
151-150
149
148
146
145-144
143
142-141
140
139-138
137
135
134
133-132
131

29

41
30

36

33

33

28

40
29

35

32
27

39
32
28

34

31
26

33

38
31

30
25

32

37
30

36

29
24

31

28

35

25

41

34

24

40

29
40

30

23

27

51
39

28
29

50
33

22

23

26
32

28

27
21

39
38

49

37

48

36

47
46

38
22

25
31

27

37
21

24

26

20

35
30

26

36
20

23

25

45
34

29

44

19
25

35

33

34

32

19
22
18

28

43

24

42

24

18
21

27

33

31

23
17

23

26

17

20

41
40

30
32

22

39
29

16

25
19

22

16

38
31

28

T
>80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23

.03
.02
.01
<.01

22
21
20
<20

129

21

37

3
2

127
123-105

20-13

15
13-12

18
17-15

21
20-16

24

15

23-22

14

27
30
29-23

26-23

36
33-31

22
21
20
<20

6.1.6:

-
%
99.9
99.8
99.7
99.6
99.5
99.4
99.2
98.9
98.6
98.2
97.7
97.1
96.4
95.5
94.5
93.2
91.8
90.2
88.4
86.2
84.0
81.5
78.6
75.7
72.4
69.0
65.3
61.6
57.8
53.8
50.0
46.1
42.2
38.4
34.6
31.0
27.5
24.4
21.4
18.5
16.0
13.7
11.7
9.8
8.2
6.8
5.5
4.5
3.7
2.9
2.3
1.8
1.4
1.1
.09
.07
.05
.04
.03
.02
.01
<.01

T
>80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
<20

INC
7-15

SC

FG

TOT

PHY

MOR

PER
FAM

SOC

AC

IDN

SAT

BHV

13
6
24
51
23

30
12

5
22

21

11

20
10
19

18
9
17

16
8
15

14
7
13

12

11

10

200
199-198
197
196-195
194
193-192
191
190-189
188
187-186
185
184-183
182
181-180
179
178-177
176
175-174
173
172-171
170
169-168
167
166-165
164
163-162
161
160-159
158
157
156-155
154
153-152
151
149
148
147-146
145
144-143
142
141-139

42

29
33

48

61

47

60

45

46

59
58

44

45

57

27

43

44

56

43

55

26

42
42

54

41

53
52

33

28

40
29

35

32
27

39
32
28

34

31
26

33

38
31

30
25

32

37
30

36

29
24

31

28

35

25

41

34

24

40

29
40

30

23

27
28

29

50
33

22

23

26
32

28

27
21

39
38

49

37

48

36

47
46

38
22

25
31

27

37
21

24

26

20

35
30

26

36
20

23

25

45
34

29

44

19
25

35

33

34

32

19
22
18

28

43

24

42

24

18
27

33

31

23
17

23

26

17

20

41
40

30
32

22

39
29

25
19

22

18
17-13

21
18-14

16

38
31

28

21
15

127-126
123-95

51
39

3
2

62

30
36

16
129-128

19

41

21

63

47
37

9
138-137
136
135-134
130

50

20-16

15
14-12

20-23

14-13

27
30
29-21

26-18

36
35

T
>80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
<20

 6.1.7:

-
%
99.9
99.8
99.7
99.6
99.5
99.4
99.2
98.9
98.6
98.2
97.7
97.1
96.4
95.5
94.5
93.2
91.8
90.2
88.4
86.2
84.0
81.5
78.6
75.7
72.4
69.0
65.3
61.6
57.8
53.8
50.0
46.1
42.2
38.4
34.6
31.0
27.5
24.4
21.4
18.5
16.0
13.7
11.7
9.8
8.2
6.8
5.5
4.5
3.7
2.9
2.3
1.8
1.4
1.1
.09
.07
.05
.04
.03
.02
.01

T
>80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20

INC
7-9

SC

FG

TOT

12

202

PHY

MOR

PER
FAM

SOC

AC

IDN

SAT

BHV

6
24
51
23

30
42

50

63

49

62

48

61

47

60

45

46

59
58

44

45

57

27

43

44

56

43

55

26

42
42

54

41

53
52

5
22

21

11

20
10
19

18
9
17

16
8
15

14
7
13

12

11

10

197
195
194-193
192
191-190
189
188-187
186
185-184
183
182-181
180
179-178
177
176-175
174
173-172
171
170-169
168
167-166
165
164-163
162
161-160
159
158
157-156
155
154-153
152
151-150
149
148-147
146
145-144
143
142
141
140
139
137
136
133
131
130-129
128
126

29

41
30

35

33

33

28

40
29

34

32
27

39
32
28

33

31
26

32

38
31

30
25

31

37
30

36

29
24

30

28

35

25

41

34

24

40

29
40

29

23

27

51
39

28
28

50
33

22

23

26
32

27

27
21

39
38

49

37

48

36

47
46

38
22

25
31

26

37
21

24

26

20

35
30

25

36
20

23

25

45
34

29

44

19
24

35

33

34

32

19
22
18

28

43

24

42

23

18
21
17

27
23

26

33
17

20

31

41
40

30
32

22

39
29

16

25
19

22

18

21

16

38
31

28

21
24
15

15

27
30

36

T
>80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20

<.01

<20

123-95

18-19

13-17

14-20

22

13-14

21-29

18-26

34-35

<20

BHV

T
>80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21

6.1.8:

-

%
99.9
99.8
99.7
99.6
99.5
99.4
99.2
98.9
98.6
98.2
97.7
97.1
96.4
95.5
94.5
93.2
91.8
90.2
88.4
86.2
84.0
81.5
78.6
75.7
72.4
69.0
65.3
61.6
57.8
53.8
50.0
46.1
42.2
38.4
34.6
31.0
27.5
24.4
21.4
18.5
16.0
13.7
11.7
9.8
8.2
6.8
5.5
4.5
3.7
2.9
2.3
1.8
1.4
1.1
.09
.07
.05
.04
.03
.02

T
>80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21

INC
7-15

SC

FG

TOT

PHY

MOR
35

PER
FAM

SOC

AC

IDN

SAT

6
24
51
23

12

30
38

5
22

21

11

20
10
19

18
9
17

16
8
15

14
7
13

12

11

10

200-199
198
197-196
195
194-193
192
191-190
189
188-187
186
185-184
183
182-181
180
179-178
177
176-175
174
173-172
171
170-169
168
167-166
165
164-163
162
161-160
159
158-157
156
155-154
153
152-151
150
149-148
147
146-145
144
143-142
141
140-139
138
137-136
135
134
133-132

42

129
128

63

49

62

48

61

47

60

45

46

59
58

44

45

57

27

43

44

56

43

55

26

42
42

54

41

53
52

47
37

29

41
30

36

33

33

28

40
29

35

32
27

39
32
28

34

31
26

33

38
31

30
25

32

37
30

36

29
24

31

28

35

25

41

34

24

40

29
40

30

23

27

51
39

28
29

50
33

22

23

32
28

27
21

39

26

38

49

37

48

36

47
46

38
22

25
31

27

37
21

24

26

20

35
30

26

36
20

23

25

45
34

29

44

19
25

35

33

34

32

19
22
18

28

43

24

42

24

18
21

27

33

31

23
17

23

26

17

20

41
40

30
32

22

39
29

16

25
19

50

16

22

38
31

28

21

37
24

15

27

.01
<.01

20
<20

1-2

127
122-105

20-13

15
14-13

18
16-15

21
20-16

23-19

14

30
29-23

26-23

6.1.9:
-



-
50.0

50.0

..
50.0

50.0

50.0

50.0

50.0

50.0

50.0

50.0

50.0

50.0
1 = 2222 2 =1095

10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

6.1.10:
-

-
49.23
9.96
50.83
9.98

50.47
9.90
49.49
10.09

..
50.67
9.64
49.28
10.33

51.14
9.62
48.78
10.26

49.98
9.83
50.02
10.18

50.87
9.64
49.06
10.29

50.05
9.83
49.94
10.18

50.19
9.73
49.80
10.29

50.63
9.81
49.32
10.16

50.63
9.67
49.32
10.30

50.55
9.67
49.41
10.31

50.48
9.88
49.48
10.11
1 = ( 1152, 1070), 2 = ( 897, 863)

36
34-31

20
<20

 6.1.11:
-
9-11 12
9-11
12

-
50.36
9.94
48.99
10.11

50.30
9.94
49.15
10.12

..
50.12
9.93
49.66
10.19

50.18
9.96
49.50
10.11

50.02
10.08
49.93
9.78

50.16
9.87
49.54
10.35

50.05
9.82
49.85
10.50

49.83
9.90
50.48
10.28

50.31
9.87
49.15
10.30

49.92
9.98
50.23
10.06

49.96
9.91
50.12
10.26

50.29
10.06
49.18
9.78
1 = 9-11 = 1635, 2= 12 = 587

6.2.
TSCS:2 :
.
alpha (Cronbach,
1951).
,
.
6.2.1 ,
(test- retest reliability).
, . t-, ,
, , ,
, 6.2.1.

6.2.1,
,
TSCS:2, ,

. , ,

(r=.004 p<.05).
6.2.2 alpha, ,
, ,
TSCS:2.

6.2.3

alpha
. 6.2.3
alpha
. , ,
.80 .90
. (. 5.6.).
,
.

, : .

.=. . (1-r).

6.2.1


TSCS:2
1 2
1
2

.
.

. .

160.00
161.20

8.80
10.13

1.14
1.31

-1.20

8.36

1.08

-1.112

.76

 1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2

23.80
23.97
21.07
21.18
22.93
22.98
25.12
25.15
29.67
29.92
20.62
21.23
41.10
39.82
37.42
37.45
44.07
44.28

2.74
2.65
2.15
2.44
2.34
2.47
2.12
2.15
3.07
2.92
2.31
2.51
3.44
3.60
3.21
3.36
4.00
4.20

.35
.34
.28
.31
.30
.32
.27
.28
.40
.38
.30
.32
.44
.46
.41
.43
.52
.54

-.17

2.75

.36

-.469

.65

-12

2.06

.27

-.439

.75

-.05

2.38

.31

-.163

.68

-.03

1.72

.22

-.150

.81

-.25

2.70

.35

-.718

.75

-.62

2.61

.34

-1.830

.58

1.28

3.28

.42

3.027

.72

-.03

1.97

.25

-.131

.90

-.22

3.52

.45

-.477

.77

6.2.2:
alpha, , ,

TSCS:2
TSCS:2

alpha

.87
1.26

.87
1.05

.86
1.22

.87
0.93
.86

1.34
.87

1.17
.91
..
4.25
.86

1.31
.86

1.72
.85

2.06
=2220

30.88
23.79
28.06
29.06
34.67
24.72
171.28
40.62
40.60
52.19

3.51
2.97
3.36
2.65
3.72
3.32
14.97
3.60
4.65
5.45

12
10
11
11
14
10
66
20
17
21

6.2.3:

 alpha

..

.92

.91

.91

.87

.87

.86

.87

.87

.87

.86

.86

.86

.87

.87

.87

.87

.87

.87

.87

.87

.87

.86

.86

.86

.86

.86

.86

.85

.85

.85

N1=704, N2=748, N3=758

6.2.4:
alpha

..

.91

.92

.86

.87

.87

.87

.86

.86

.87

.87

.86

.87

.87

.87

.86

.86

.86

.86

.85

.85

N1=1152 N2=1068

6.3
,
. ,
, TSCS:2
.
: ,
. TSCS:2,
,
,
.
, TSCS:2
: Piers-Harris
(PHCSCS, 1978), Boersma Chapman, (PASS,
1992).

, ,
- .
,
, .
, ,
TSCS:2 .

TSCS:2,
6.3.1,
Piers-Harris (PHCSCS). r
=.273 r =.456
.
, , ,
Boersma & Chapman (PASS). ,
(r=. 445, p=.001). To
PASS . ,

TSCS:2 PASS.
, .

6.3.1:

 TSCS:2
PHCSCS PASS

TSCS:2

PHCSCS

.42*

.36*

.37*

.35*

.33*

.27

.26

.31*

.33*

.46*

PASS

.16

.23

.13

.04

.24

.10

.12

.05

.06

.44*

1= 2220, 2= 2200, 3= 245

6.4
,
,
,
. 6.4.1 6.4.11,
TSCS:2, ,
,
. :
, , , ,
: ,
.
,
, ,
Fitts Warren, 7 14

 .14 .62. ,
.31 .53
.73.

, .36 .78

. ,
, ,
,
, , , . , ,
,

. ,
, .
, ,
,
, PHSCS,
.
,
,
TSCS:2,
. ,
, ,
.

 ,
,
. ,
,
.
,
TSCS:2 ,
,
, .

6.9,
.

6.4.1

, TSCS:2
.
..
.39

.45

.34

.45

.30

.58

.61

.61

= 2328, p=0.01

.52
.40

.41

.53

.52

.39

.43

.51

.31

.41

.66

.68

.52

.73

.43

.63

.73

.47

.67

.46

.59

.59

.61

.67

.64

.46

.72

.56

6.4.2

TSCS:2,
..

.36

.52
.44
.41
.43
.62
.53
.67

.39
.39
.33
.33
.36
.59
.63

.48
.43
.47
.69
.55
.61

.47
.42
.62
.59
.59

.39
.57
.59
.61

.46
.39
.48

.45
.51

.45

= 2328, p=0.01

6.4.3
TSCS:2

..

.41
.60
.49
.54
.41
.71
.64
.69

.51
.39
.44
.45
.52
.61
.66

.52
.56
.56
.75
.71
.68

.48
.39
.64
.58
.64

.47
.54
.67
.69

.47
.47
.54

.58
.59

.56

= 1152, p=0.01

6.4.4
TSCS:2

.
..
.47

.62

.48

.51

.46

.69

.67

.70

=1086, p=0.01

.56
.49
.47
.49
.59
.64
.70

.56
.56
.62
.78
.73
.7

.50
.45
.70
.59
.66

.46
.58
.66
.68

.50
.53
.58

.61
.65

.57

6.4.5
TSCS:2

..

.48
.62
.49
.56
.47
.69
.67
.71

.57
.42
.47
.45
.58
.62
.68

.56
.59
.58
.78
72
.70

.52
.45
.66
.57
.67

.52
.59
.66
.70

.52
.48
.58

.59
.62

.55

=704, p=0.01

6.4.6
TSCS:2

..

.44
.60
.50
.53
.43
.70
.64
.69

.56
.49
.49
.49
.57
.64
.69

.54
.58
.58
.74
.71
.70

.49
.42
.68
.58
.67

.47
.56
.66
.69

.47
.53
.54

.58
.63

.56

=748 p=0.01

6.4.7
TSCS:2

..

=758, p= 0.01

6.5

.40
.63
.45
.50
.44
.72
.65
.70

.49
.41
.41
.45
.50
.62
.67

.54
.53
.61
.78
.74
.68

.46
.40
.67
.60
.63

.44
.52
.66
.68

.50
.52
.56

.62
.62

.60

 ,
, ,
TSCS:2 .
4.1 , Fitts & Warren (1965, 1996)
,
. , Sharpley &
Hattie (1983),
, , .

, ,
6.5.1. ,

, , .
6.5.2 ,
,
. 6.5.3 6.5.5, ,
, , ,
.

,
,
. ,
6.6.
,
, ,

 . ,
t-.

. , ,
,
, .01.
, ,
(p=.003) (p=.005),
.01, .
, ,
,
, 6.5.6 6.5.7. ,

, ,
, , , ,
.
6.5.1
, , , ,
t-


TSCS:2

31.29
30.46
23.80
23.81
28.36
27.75
29.08
29.05
34.75

3.38
3.60
2.93
3.04
3.25
3.47
2.61
2.70
3.63

.83

.15

t-

.13

-.11

.14

4.29

.11

.25

.16

.91

5.59

.11

.61
.11

.11

.14

34.61
24.94
24.50
28.70
28.36

40.85
40.38
40.86

40.33
52.47

51.92
*p<.05, **p<.01, 1=1152, 2=1069

3.83
3.26
3.38
2.40
2.58

.12

3.48
3.71
4.50
4.80
5.39
5.51

.1.100

.44

.14

3.11

.35

.11

3.27

.47

.15

3.08

.53

.20

2.67

.55

.23

2.37

.10

.11
.13
.15
.16
.17

6.5.2
, , , ,
t-

..

.. ..

.. .. .. .. .. ..

31.06

3.49

.18

31.27

3.44

.17

31.52

3.19

.16

30.54

3.46

.19

30.60

3.71

.19

30.25

3.60

.18

23.82

2.97

.15

23.85

3.06

.16

23.70

2.78

.14

23.76

2.99

.17

23.87

3.03

.16

23.77

3.03

.15

28.35

3.35

.17

28.31

3.14

.16

28.40

3.26

.17

27.96

3.51

.20

27.83

3.42

.18

27.53

3.46

.18

28.94

2.65

.13

29.07

2.54

.13

29.21

2.62

.14

28.94

2.65

.15

29.10

2.76

.14

29.10

2.69

.14

34.37

3.70

.19

34.79

3.63

.18

35.06

3.55

.18

33.97

3.98

.22

34.78

3.62

.19

34.99

3.83

.19

25.22

3.04

.15

24.77

3.32

.17

24.81

3.40

.18

25.01

3.37

.19

24.46

3.33

.17

24.09

3.40

.17

28.63
28.33

2.47
2.61

.13
.15

28.67
28.45

2.41
2.59

.12
.14

28.81
28.27

2.33
2.55

.12
.13

40.57
40.20
40.42

40.06
52.68

51.92
*p<.05, **p<.01, 1=1152, 2=1069

3.73
3.74
4.60
4.68
5.73
5.76

.19
.21
.23
.26
.29
.32

40.82
40.44
40.95
40.46
52.43
52.26

3.37
3.83
4.51
4.72
5.36
5.62

.17
.20
.23
.25
.27
.30

41.17
40.46
41.20
40.43
52.33
51.56

3.31
3.59
4.36
4.97
5.03
5.21

.17
.18
.22
.25
.26
.27

6.5.3
, , , ,
t-


TSCS:2

t-

31.06

3.49

.18

.52

.26

1.99

30.54

3.46

.19

23.82

2.97

.15

.23

.29

23.76

2.99

.17

28.35

3.35

.17

.40

.26

1.53

27.96

3.51

.20

28.94

2.65

.13

.20

.00

28.94

2.65

.15

34.37

3.70

.19

.40

.29

1.36

33.97

3.98

.22

25.22

3.04

.15

25.01

3.37

.19

28.63
28.33

2.47
2.61

40.57
40.20
40.42

40.06
52.68

51.92
*p<.05, **p<.01, 1=384, 2=320

3.73
3.74
4.60
4.68
5.73
5.76

.20

.24

.84

.13
.15

.30

.19

1.58

.19
.21
.23
.26
.29
.32

.38

.28

1.33

.37

.35

1.04

.76

.43

1.75

6.5.4
, , , ,
t-

TSCS:2

31.27

3.44

.17

30.60

3.71

.19

23.85

3.06

.16

23.87

3.03

.16

28.31

3.14

.16

27.83

3.42

.18

29.07

2.54

.13

29.10

2.76

.14

34.79

3.63

.18

t-

.67

.26

2.56

22

-.12

.48

.24

2.02

.19

-.16

34.78

3.62

.19

24.77

3.32

.17

24.46

3.33

28.67
28.45

40.82
40.44
40.95

40.46
52.43

52.26
*p<.05, **p<.01, 1=388, 2=360

.26

.05

.17

.31

.24

1.28

2.41
2.59

.12
.14

.22

.18

1.21

3.37
3.83
4.51
4.72
5.36
5.62

.17
.20
.23
.25
.27
.30

.38

.26

1.44

.50

.34

1.47

.16

.40

.40

6.5.5
, , , ,
t-


TSCS:2

31.52

3.19

.16

30.25

3.60

.18

1.26

.
25

5.13

23.70

2.78

.14

23.77

3.03

.15

.21

-.33

28.40

3.26

.17

27.53

3.46

.18

.87

.24

3.56

29.21

2.62

.14

29.10

2.69

.14

.11

.19

.59

t-

35.06

3.55

.18

34.99

3.83

.19

24.81

3.40

.18

24.09

3.40

.17

28.81
28.27

2.33
2.55

41.17
40.46
41.20

40.43
52.33

51.56
*p<.05, **p<.01, 1=376, 2=382

3.31
3.59
4.36
4.97
5.03
5.21

.27

.28

.73

.25

2.96

.12
.13

.54

.18

3.02

.17
.18
.22
.25
.26
.27

.71

.25

2.84

.78

.34

2.28

.77

.37

2.07

6.5.6
, , , ,
t-


TSCS:2

30.88
30.35

3.49
3.61

.18
.20

23.53
23.77
27.87
27.55
28.93
29.06

2.88
2.95
3.45
3.61
2.61
2.84

.15
.16
.18
.20
.13
.15

.52

.27

t-

-.23

.22

-1.06

.32

.26

1.21

-.12

.20

-.61

1.98

34.44
34.48
24.52
24.28
28.36
28.25

3.58
4.02
3.39
3.43
2.45
2.71

.18
.22
.17
.19
.13
.15

40.43
40.27
40.26

40.21
51.96

51.74
*p<.05, **p<.01, 1=380, 2=338

3.60
3.96
4.67
4.90
5.45
5.59

.18
.22
.24
.27
.28
.30

.28

-.12

.24

.25

.93

.11

.19

.60

.16

.28

.57

.36

.13

.41

.52

.21

6.5.7
, , , ,
t-


TSCS:2

31.73
30.55

313
3.56

,14
.16

24.19
23.90
28.86
27.95
29.25

2.88
3.02
2.90
3.30
2.53

.13
.14
.13
.15
.11

1.19

.21

t-

.29

.19

1.57

.91

.20

4.65

.16

.57

5.59

29.16
35.14
34.78
25.26
24.55
29.07

2.65
3.47
3.57
3.08
3.32
2.22

28.47

2.41

.12
.15
.16
.14
.15
9,78E.02
.11

41.37
40.45
41.61

40.61
52.99

52.19
*p<.05, **p<.01, 1=116, 2=182

3.17
3.47
4.22
4.56
5.15
5.31

.14
.16
.19
.21
.23
.24

.35

.22

1.58

.71

.20

3.49

.60

.15

4.08

.92

.21

4.36

1.00

.28

3.61

.80

.33

2.42

6.6
,
, ,
TSCS:2 .
(ANOVA),

, .
, ,

 p>.05,
Scheff.
, ,
, 6.6.1, F(8,2013)= 3.336, p=.001,

. ,
, ,
.

F(8,2013)=4.844, p=.000, 10,5
. , ,
11, 5 F(8,2013)=2.703,
p=.006.
, 6.6.2 6.6.3,

, .

, , .
, ,
, F(8,1143)=2.596, p=.008,
F(8,1143)=2.725, p=.006, F(8,1143)=2.535, p=.010
F(8,1143)=1.192, p=.055, (.
6.6.2).
, (9,5 ),

F(8,1060)=3.646, p=.000
F(8,1060)=2.117, p=.032 (. 6.6.3).
4.1 , Fitts &
Warren (1965, 1996),
10-13 ,
TSCS:2. ,
TSCS:2 (Fitts & Warren, 1996),

,
.
, ,
, ,
,
, .

6.6.1
(ANOVA)
TSCS:2

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

.
116
35
679
53
752
80
469
5
33
2222

..
30.95
30.03
30.95
30.92
31.01
30.96
30.75
30.40
29.42
30.89

. .
3.53
3.41
3.44
4.00
3.51
3.61
3.44
4.34
4.52
3.51

. .

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5

116
35
679
53
752
80
469
5
33
2222
116
35
679
53
752
80
469
5
33
2222
116
35
679
53
752
80
469
5
33
2222
116
35
679
53
752
80
469
5
33
2222
116
35
679
53
752
80
469
5
33
2222
116
35
679
53
752
80

23.19
23.46
23.90
23.55
23.85
24.41
23.69
23.40
23.70
23.80
27.85
27.71
28.31
28.64
27.98
28.36
27.97
26.80
26.21
28.07
29.02
29.06
29.03
29.30
29.11
29.48
29.07
27.40
27.61
29.06
33.75
33.83
34.42
35.32
34.92
35.67
34.80
36.00
33.64
34.68
24.54
24.94
25.08
25.26
24.61
25.06
24.51
24.80
21.85
24.72
169.30
169.03
171.69
173.00
171.47
173.95

2.63
3.03
2.94
3.46
3.05
3.19
2.89
3.85
2.40
2.97
3.33
3.35
3.33
3.55
3.29
3.26
3.47
4.60
3.64
3.37
2.61
2.79
2.56
2.80
2.62
3.32
2.65
2.70
2.78
2.65
4.05
4.18
3.55
3.87
3.69
4.01
3.78
5.70
3.61
3.73
3.55
3.22
3.17
3.56
3.31
3.33
3.38
3.77
3.52
3.33
15.60
15.52
14.45
17.31
14.89
17.03

12
12,5
13

469
5
33
2222
116

170.79
168.80
162.42
171.23
50.23

14.73
21.50
14.99
14.97
4.58

9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

35
679
53
752
80
469
5
33
2222
116
35
679
53
752
80
469
5
33
2222
116
35
679
53
752
80
469
5
33
2222

50.00
50.77
51.11
51.10
51.40
51.20
49.60
49.27
50.94
39.61
40.17
40.50
41.30
40.78
41.90
40.63
39.20
38.52
40.61
52.17
51.26
52.61
52.64
52.21
52.78
51.69
52.60
50.15
52.21

3.87
4.27
5.45
4.38
4.84
4.19
7.06
5.14
4.38
4.39
4.93
4.45
4.93
4.73
5.06
4.72
3.49
4.35
4.65
5.75
5.91
5.54
6.05
5.34
5.74
5.25
7.70
4.84
5.45

ANOVA, df= 8, 2013 p<.01

6.6.2
(ANOVA)
TSCS:2

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

.
61
16
365
27
390
28
248
2
15

..
31.48
29.56
31.27
31.30
31.26
31.93
31.37
34.50
30.60

. .
3.10
3.58
3.38
3.98
3.46
3.31
3.23
.71
3.94

. .

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

9
9,5
10
10,5
11

1152
61
16
365
27
390
28
248
2
15
1152
61
16
365
27
390
28
248
2
15
1152
61
16
365
27
390
28
248
2
15
1152
61
16
365
27
390
28
248
2
15
1152
61
16
365
27
390
28
248
2
15
1152
61
16
365
27
390

31.29
23.48
23.56
23.79
23.22
23.93
24.39
23.65
24.00
24.13
23.80
28.43
26.06
28.56
28.78
28.25
29.36
28.35
30.00
26.13
28.36
29.38
28.31
29.11
29.22
29.02
29.11
29.16
29.00
27.80
29.08
34.33
32.88
34.52
34.93
34.94
36.46
34.90
38.50
32.67
34.75
24.98
23.88
25.15
25.15
24.82
25.93
24.90
27.00
21.93
24.94
28.68
27.38
28.73
28.77
28.70

3.38
2.50
2.92
3.04
3.43
2.97
2.54
2.86
1.41
2.07
2.93
2.87
2.79
3.26
3.40
3.20
3.08
3.33
4.24
3.16
3.25
2.20
2.60
2.52
2.89
2.60
3.80
2.67
.00
2.60
2.61
3.51
3.40
3.61
3.95
3.58
3.60
3.68
.71
2.94
3.63
3.10
2.25
3.23
3.37
3.35
3.54
3.16
2.83
2.79
3.26
2.21
2.06
2.43
2.78
2.39

11,5
12
12,5
13

28
248
2
15
1152
61

29.53
28.72
30.50
27.21
28.70
41.05

2.80
2.33
1.41
2.25
2.40
3.05

9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

16
365
27
390
28
248
2
15
1152
61
16
365
27
390
28
248
2
15
1152
61
16
365
27
390
28
248
2
15
1152

38.50
40.76
40.70
40.87
41.46
41.06
42.50
39.80
40.85
40.07
39.13
40.55
41.59
41.17
42.00
41.05
42.00
38.73
40.86
53.08
50.50
52.88
52.19
52.28
54.00
52.06
57.00
50.47
52.47

3.14
3.55
4.35
3.37
4.04
3.38
3.54
4.90
3.48
4.43
4.26
4.39
5.00
4.61
3.79
4.52
1.41
3.67
4.50
5.06
5.49
5.70
5.92
5.18
6.02
5.18
.00
4.24
5.39

ANOVA, df= 8, 1143, p<.01

6.6.3
(ANOVA)
TSCS:2

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12

.
55
19
314
26
361
52
221

..
30.36
30.42
30.57
30.54
30.73
30.44
30.09

. .
3.91
3.31
3.49
4.07
3.56
3.69
3.58

. .

12,5
13

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

9
9,5
10

3
18
1069
55
19
314
26
362
52
221
3
18
1070
55
19
314
26
362
51
221
3
18
1069
55
19
314
26
362
51
221
3
18
1069
55
19
314
26
362
52
221
3
18
1070
55
19
314
26
362
52
221
3
18
1070
55
19
314

27.67
28.44
30.46
22.87
23.37
24.02
23.88
23.78
24.42
23.72
23.00
23.33
23.81
27.18
29.11
28.03
28.50
27.69
27.78
27.55
24.67
26.28
27.75
28.62
29.68
28.94
29.38
29.22
29.63
28.97
26.33
27.44
29.05
33.11
34.63
34.30
35.73
34.89
35.25
34.68
34.33
34.44
34.61
24.05
25.84
25.00
25.38
24.38
24.60
24.09
23.33
21.78
24.50
27.70
28.84
28.48

3.06
4.84
3.60
2.75
3.20
2.82
3.51
3.20
3.52
2.92
5.29
2.66
3.04
3.71
3.20
3.39
3.77
3.37
3.27
3.58
4.04
4.08
3.47
2.98
2.85
2.61
2.76
2.65
3.06
2.64
3.21
2.99
2.70
4.53
4.67
3.48
3.81
3.80
4.19
3.88
7.37
3.99
3.83
3.96
3.67
3.10
3.82
3.25
3.15
3.53
4.04
4.11
3.38
2.91
2.84
2.38

10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

26
361
51
221
3
18
1068
55

28.90
28.44
28.64
28.18
26.56
26.95
28.36
39.29

3.04
2.57
2.83
2.56
3.92
2.75
2.58
4.12

9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13

19
314
26
362
51
221
3
18
1069
55
19
314
26
362
51
221
3
18
1069
55
19
314
26
361
52
221
3
18
1069

41.37
40.21
40.46
40.64
40.37
40.52
36.67
39.17
40.38
39.11
41.05
40.45
41.00
40.36
41.73
40.16
37.33
38.33
40.33
51.16
51.89
52.29
53.12
52.12
52.12
51.27
49.67
49.89
51.92

2.87
3.67
4.82
3.64
3.90
3.55
6.03
4.03
3.71
4.32
5.39
4.53
4.93
4.82
5.64
4.90
3.21
4.93
4.80
6.33
6.32
5.33
6.26
5.51
5.53
5.31
9.29
5.39
5.51

ANOVA, df= 8, 1060, p<.01

6.7 TSCS:2

, ,
.
, .
, ,
(, 1998, . 76). ,

 ,
alpha Cronbach ,
.
,
2632 , 6.7.1.
, 2.6,
. ,
, .55 .85,

.
6.7.2 ,
2632 ,
TSCS:2
(1= , 2= , 3= ),
.
,
(#5, #28, #39, #47 #56)
(#29, #44, #49, #51, #70)
.

(, ,
), ,
. ,
, 1.75,
, , ,

 . :
29: , 44:

70:

.
27, 36, 41 50,
, . 27:
36: . 41,
,
. 50
,
.
,
.
,
, 32, 38, 51, 62 76.

32 76,
,
,
. , ,
, ,

, .
51:
62: ,

 ,
.
38:
,

,

, ,
. , ,
,
, , ,
, .
6.7.5
,
alpha Cronbach
,
.
,
.
.003 .441, 6.7.5.
.
alpha Cronbach ,
. .88.
25, 29, 38, 39, 44, 47, 48, 49, 51, 62, 70, 71,
alpha
.

 TSCS:2 187.36.
,
, 6.7.5.
271.82.
.
16.49.

.
1.50 2.92
1.42. .36
.92, .56.
-.11 .55
.66. ( )
-.50
.10.

-.23 .98
.
alpha Cronbach ,
, 86.72 .
6.7.6 alpha ,
alpha
. ,

.

 TSCS:2 501.85.

, 6.7.6.
1849.70.
.
43.01.

.
1.95 171.22
169.26. 29.05 41.37
12.33.
-.23 .86
1.10. ( )
3.73
.39.

6.7.1

TSCS:2

TSCS:2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38

2.65
2.81
2.47
2.40
2.17
2.80
2.48
2.63
2.61
2.92
2.45
2.62
2.60
2.70
2.45
2.74
2.79
2.54
2.67
2.66
2.77
2.62
2.80
2.40
2.85
2.80
2.45
2.11
1.58
2.73
2.78
2.36
2.58
2.74
2.79
2.47
2.78
2.02

.55
.48
.76
.72
.76
.50
.73
.68
.68
.36
.62
.69
.69
.64
.64
.53
.54
.73
.55
.62
.51
.56
.47
.72
.45
.45
.65
.79
.73
.58
.53
.76
.66
.60
.59
.66
.54
.82

TSCS:2
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76

2.09
2.31
2.59
2.49
2.76
1.50
2.85
2.67
2.14
1.93
1.85
2.50
1.80
2.36
2.65
2.76
1.87
2.06
2.59
2.30
2.43
2.13
2.88
2.37
2.39
2.54
2.56
2.38
2.60
2.48
2.46
1.67
2.06
2.30
2.68
2.56
2.54
2.50

.85
.86
.75
.63
.49
.72
.43
.58
.86
.85
.90
.67
.92
.75
.64
.60
.85
.83
.64
.77
.73
.80
.41
.75
.76
.71
.68
.69
.66
.72
.70
.82
.82
.69
.55
63
.71
.73

6.7.2

TSCS:2

TSCS:2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38

2
3

3.5
3.8
16.7
13.8
21.9
4.5
14.1
11.7
10.9
2.6
44.0
61.9
11.6
9.9
8.0
4.6
6.5
14.5
4.0
7.7
4.1
3.7
3.2
14.0
3.9
2.4
8.4
26.0
56.4
7.2
5.6
17.5
9.4
8.3
9.1
9.2
5.8
32.7

30.5
11.1
20.0
32.4
38.9
10.9
23.5
13.5
17.6
3.2
4.2
13.9
17.0
10.1
38.9
16.8
7.9
16.7
25.0
18.6
14.6
30.8
13.6
31.9
7.3
14.8
38.4
37.2
28.9
13.1
10.3
28.6
23.7
9.7
2.5
34.5
10.9
32.6

66.0
85.1
63.4
53.8
39.2
84.6
62.4
74.8
71.5
94.3
51.8
24.2
71.4
80.0
53.1
78.6
85.6
68.8
70.9
73.7
81.3
65.5
83.2
54.1
88.8
82.8
53.2
36.8
14.7
79.8
84.1
53.9
66.9
82.1
88.4
56.2
83.3
34.7

TSCS:2
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76

1
2
3
32.1
26.2
15.8
7.0
2.8
63.7
3.0
5.6
30.7
39.3
48.9
10.0
54.4
16.3
8.9
8.8
43.6
31.7
8.4
19.0
14.2
25.9
3.0
16.4
17.2
12.9
11.1
11.8
9.9
13.2
12.3
55.5
30.5
13.5
4.3
7.8
12.6
13.8

6.7.3

TSCS:2

26.7
16.4
9.0
37.1
18.9
22.9
8.9
21.5
24.8
28.0
17.0
30.2
10.8
31.1
17.6
6.5
25.4
30.7
24.0
32.1
27.8
34.7
6.0
30.4
26.5
20.0
22.3
28.3
20.4
25.9
29.7
22.4
33.2
43.2
23.7
28.3
21.3
22.5

41.2
57.4
75.2
55.9
78.3
13.4
88.0
73.0
44.5
32.7
34.1
59.8
34.8
52.6
73.5
84.7
31.0
37.6
67.6
49.0
57.5
39.4
91.1
53.2
56.3
67.1
66.6
50.0
69.8
60.9
58.0
22.1
36.3
43.4
72.0
63.9
66.1
63.6

TSCS:2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38

.
.

.
.

2.68
2.83
2.47
2.39
2.15
2.83
2.49
2.62
2.60
2.92
2.49
2.59
2.58
2.69
2.48
2.76
2.79
2.57
2.69
2.67
2.78
2.62
2.83
2.43
2.85
2.81
2.68
2.10
1.58
2.74
2.79
2.42
2.61
2.74
2.80
2.28
2.75
2.05

2.57
2.79
2.47
2.41
2.20
2.78
2.48
2.65
2.61
2.91
2.40
2.66
2.61
2.71
2.42
2.72
2.80
2.52
2.65
2.64
2.76
2.62
2.77
2.37
2.85
2.80
2.50
2.12
1.59
2.71
2.78
2.31
2.54
2.74
2.79
2.67
2.80
1.99

.54
.45
.76
.74
.77
.46
.72
.70
.68
.34
.62
.71
.70
.65
.65
.52
.56
.72
.54
.60
.51
.55
.45
.72
.45
.45
.54
.77
.74
.57
.52
.76
.65
.60
.58
.69
.55
.83

.56
.50
.77
.70
.76
.53
.74
.66
.67
.37
.62
.66
.67
.63
.63
.55
.53
.75
.56
.63
.51
.56
.50
.72
.45
.46
.65
.80
.73
.60
.54
.76
.67
.59
.59
.56
.52
.82

TSCS:2
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76

. .

. .

2.09
2.38
2.66
2.52
2.76
1.48
2.87
2.70
2.16
1.83
1.83
2.56
1.73
2.39
2.64
2.76
1.81
2.02
2.62
2.36
2.38
2.13
2.87
2.43
2.39
2.59
2.53
2.43
2.60
2.45
2.49
1.67
2.04
2.35
2.71
2.60
2.55
2.54

2.09
2.24
2.53
2.46
2.75
1.51
2.83
2.64
2.11
2.04
1.88
2.34
1.88
2.43
2.65
2.76
1.94
2.10
2.56
2.24
2.48
2.14
2.89
2.30
2.40
2.50
2.58
2.33
2.60
2.50
2.42
1.67
2.08
2.25
2.65
2.52
2.52
2.45

.87
.87
.70
.62
.49
.71
.42
.56
.86
.85
.90
.65
.91
.75
.64
.61
.86
.82
.62
.76
.76
.81
.42
.75
.77
.71
.76
.67
.66
.74
.70
.81
.83
.68
.54
.63
.71
.71

.84
.85
.79
.63
.49
.72
.45
.59
.85
.83
.90
.68
..93
.68
.63
.59
.84
.84
.66
.78
.71
.79
.39
.74
.75
.71
.66
.70
.66
.69
.70
.82
.80
.70
.57
.64
.71
.74

6.7.4

TSCS:2

TSCS
:2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38

..

2.66
2.81
2.43
2.38
2.13
2.78
2.47
2.57
2.60
2.91
2.49
2.55
2.56
2.64
2.50
2.71
2.75
2.53
2.66
2.63
2.79
2.60
2.79
2.42
2.86
2.79
2.41
2.16
1.54
2.70
2.74
2.52
2.56
2.72
2.75
2.40
2.76
2.00

.54
.48
.80
.74
.81
.51
.74
.72
.68
.37
.63
.74
.71
.71
.63
.57
.58
.76
.57
.64
.49
.58
.49
.73
.43
.48
.67
.79
.73
.61
.57
.70
.67
.62
.64
.70
.56
.85

2.62
2.81
2.47
2.40
2.16
2.79
2.47
2.63
2.61
2.91
2.42
2.65
2.58
2.72
2.41
2.76
2.78
2.53
2.63
2.64
2.76
2.60
2.79
2.40
2.84
2.80
2.45
2.17
1.49
2.72
2.78
2.30
2.60
2.71
2.78
2.46
2.75
2.04

.55
.49
.76
.72
.76
.51
.73
.70
.67
.36
.62
.67
.70
.61
.66
.51
.57
.73
.57
.63
.53
.55
.48
.72
.48
.45
.63
.77
.65
.60
.54
.78
.62
.63
.60
.66
.56
.80

2.57
2.80
2.50
2.41
2.17
2.82
2.52
2.70
2.62
2.93
2.41
2.67
2.63
2.75
2.42
2.73
2.84
2.57
2.69
2.69
2.77
2.64
2.80
2.38
2.83
2.81
2.46
2.07
1.55
2.75
2.82
2.29
2.59
2.77
2.84
2.51
2.81
2.64

.57
.48
.73
.69
.72
.48
.70
.61
.66
.32
.61
.64
.66
.58
.62
.53
.47
.71
.52
.59
.50
.54
.47
.71
.48
.44
.62
.76
.72
.54
.48
.71
.66
.54
.52
.61
.49
.80

TSCS
:2
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76

..

2.18
2.22
2.65
2.47
2.78
1.48
2.84
2.63
2.21
1.90
1.84
2.55
1.68
2.39
2.63
2.70
1.79
2.14
2.65
2.36
2.40
2.14
2.86
2.47
2.38
2.48
2.57
2.43
2.58
2.48
2.51
1.68
2.06
2.36
2.69
2.49
2.50
2.63

.85
.90
.71
.64
.48
.72
.45
.61
.85
.86
.91
.65
.90
.74
.65
.66
.84
.84
.62
.77
.75
.82
.65
.74
.78
.75
.70
.68
.68
.73
.69
.85
.82
.70
.58
.68
.74
.68

2.09
2.32
2.59
2.50
2.75
1.49
2.84
2.68
2.15
1.95
1.84
2.50
1.80
2.36
2.66
2.75
1.88
2.08
2.59
2.32
2.44
2.15
2.87
2.37
2.39
2.55
2.56
2.39
2.61
2.45
2.44
1.64
2.09
2.30
2.67
2.59
2.55
2.50

.85
.85
.75
.60
.50
.69
.45
.57
..85
.83
.89
.65
.92
.73
.63
.61
.85
.82
.64
.76
.72
.79
.41
.73
.76
.72
.67
.68
.63
.73
.70
.80
.81
.69
.55
.61
.67
.71

2.06
2.36
2.56
2.48
2.73
1.49
2.85
2.69
2.10
1.93
1.85
2.42
1.89
2.35
2.66
2.81
1.93
2.01
2.53
2.23
2.43
2.12
2.90
2.27
2.41
2.59
2.52
2.32
2.60
2.51
2.41
1.64
2.04
2.22
2.67
2.57
2.57
2.39

.84
.82
.77
.62
.49
.72
.42
.56
.84
.83
.88
.71
.93
.74
.63
.52
.85
.81
.66
.76
.72
.77
.35
.75
.73
.66
.68
.68
.66
.68
.71
.79
.80
.67
.53
.60
.69
.76

6.7.5
- ,
,


TSCS:2

alpha

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38

.29
.28
.27
.33
.22
.28
.36
.30
.42
.20
.39
.29
.34
.32
.28
.38
.38
.44
.37
.31
.33
.44
.37
.34
.17
.37
.29
.26
.11
.35
.29
.21
.38
.26
.25
.29
.25
.16

.8817
.8818
.8819
.8811
.8825
.8818
.8808
.8815
.8802
.8825
.8806
.8816
.8811
.8813
.8817
.8810
.8810
.8799
.8811
.8815
.8814
.8803
.8812
.8810
.8827
.8813
.8816
.8820
.8837
.8811
.8817
.8816
.8825
.8808
.8819
.8820
.8817
.8822

184.73
184.54
184.89
184.95
185.18
184.55
184.87
184.72
184.75
184.44
184.91
184.73
184.76
184.65
184.90
184.61
184.56
184.81
184.69
184.69
184.58
184.74
184.55
184.95
184.51
184.55
184.91
185.25
185.77
184.63
184.57
184.99
184.78
184.62
184.565
184.889
184.583
185.33

266.33
267.16
264.54
263.51
265.72
266.96
262.73
264.71
262.15
269.28
263.44
264.80
263.74
264.73
265.51
264.95
264.56
260.94
265.04
265.29
266.10
263.54
265.91
263.19
269.04
266.17
265.24
264.52
268.59
264.73
266.46
263.96
266.86
264.05
266.31
265.87
266.31
264.45

15.93
16.01
15.72
15.79
15.72
15.98
15.75
15.80
15.81
16.12
15.86
15.79
15.80
15.84
15.84
15.94
15.95
15.75
15.93
15.87
15.97
15.93
16.01
15.76
16.03
16.03
15.84
15.70
15.75
15.90
15.95
15.72
15.82
15.88
15.90
15.82
15.97
15.66

6.7.5 ()
- ,
,


TSCS:2

alpha

39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76

.16
.21
.24
.31
.38
.08
.29
.39
.18
.10
.11
.42
.16
.40
.25
.20
.21
.27
.28
.33
.43
.40
.22
.13
.29
.32
.35
.38
.39
.38
.20
.00
.19
.28
.41
.38
.37
.26

.8834
.8828
.8821
.8814
.8810
.8839
.8818
.8807
.8832
.8842
.8843
.8802
.8836
.8803
.8820
.8824
.8827
.8819
.8817
.8811
.8799
.8802
.8824
.8835
.8816
.8812
.8810
.8806
.8805
.8806
.8826
.8854
.8829
.8817
.8806
.8807
.8806
.8819

185.26
185.04
184.76
184.87
184.60
185.86
184.50
184.65
185.22
185.72
185.80
184.86
185.55
184.99
184.71
184.60
185.48
185.30
184.76
185.05
184.93
185.22
184.47
184.99
184.96
184.81
184.80
184.97
184.76
184.88
184.90
185.69
185.30
185.06
184.68
184.79
184.82
184.86

266.38
265.18
265.23
264.91
265.38
269.22
267.37
264.04
265.98
268.26
267.74
262.09
265.88
261.47
266.06
267.38
265.04
263.64
265.40
262.92
260.93
260.84
268.71
267.93
263.96
263.79
263.52
262.85
262.91
262.43
266.72
271.06
265.85
265.00
264.02
263.58
262.61
264.92

15.63
15.62
15.74
15.86
15.99
15.76
15.05
15.91
15.63
15.64
15.58
15.81
15.56
15.74
15.84
15.88
15.63
15.65
15.84
15.71
15.75
15.69
16.08
15.73
15.72
15.77
15.80
15.80
15.82
15.77
15.78
15.67
15.67
15.79
15.93
15.85
15.77
15.76

6.7.6

 - ,
,

TSCS:2

..

alpha

-.23

.878

499.89

1880.14

41.37

.44
.15

.863
.872

477.81
493.84

1717.50
1824.83

39.71
41.32

.98

.891

330.63

793.09

29.04

.75
.69
.81
.68
.73
.65

.851
.856
.849
.858
.851
.856

470.96
478.05
473.78
472.78
467.17
477.12

1623.94
1671.64
1616.46
1692.66
1616.87
1660.62

39.49
40.03
39.64
40.35
39.28
39.68

.79
.78

.849
.845

461.22
461.24

1608.17
1541.54

39.40
38.35

.84

.839

449.65

1468.21

37.55

6.8.

, TSCS:2 .

34 34 TSCS:2 ,

,
Fitts Warren (1993)
.

varimax.

.

, TSCS:2,
,

, ( ),
.
Wylie (1979),

.

 ,
, 2632 76 , 36 1, Gorsuch (1983) Streiner
(1994),
Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin, .919.
Bartlett 11463.862 ,
p=.000,
.
TSCS:2
2632 ,
,
.
,
1,

(Zwick & Velicer, 1986, ,
1998). (Cattell, 1996) ,
6.8.1,
.
,
, .
32.16%
.

,
( )

 Fitts & Warren

.
,

Varimax. ,
.30.
.71 , .63 , .55
, .45 .32 .
6.8.1,
32,16% ,

Comrey (1973), .
6.8.2
,
Fitts Warren,
.
,

. ,

. :
1- / (-)
2- ()
3- ( )
4- ( )

 5
. ().
1 8.18%
. ,
.64 .31. 1
, ,
,
.
2 7.14%
. ,
.62 .31. 2
Fitts Warren 2
50
.
3 6.16% ,
. ,
.62 .33. 3 3
, 2 2 .


, .
4 5.31%
. ,
.58 .33. 4
.

 5 4.68%
. ,
.59 .33. 5
.
,
,
, .

, 11, 50, 15,
43 73. ,
, ,

6.8.4

.
33 ,
>.30,

. ,
,

.
Tabachnick

Fedell (1983),

,
,


34 ,
, 100% ,
, 6.8.4.
,
, 6.8.2

. ,
,
.
6.8.3,
38,11% ,
,
Comrey (1973),
3, 30, 31, 68, 14, 63, 32.
6.8.4
, ,
Fitts Warren,

Fitts Warren (. ).
- ,
, ,
, .
1 8.44%
. ,
.62 .30. :

 ,

.
2 7.20%
. ,
.66 .35. :. ,
-.

3 6.0%
. ,
.50 .32. :
, .
4 5.66%
. ,
.79 .54. :
, ,
, .
5 5.64% ,
. ,
.58 .30. :
(.. ,
, ).

, 6 5.15%
. ,
.52 .34. :

 ,
.

.
, 6.8.4, :
1-
()
2-
3- ()
4- ()
5 - . ()
6 -
( )

,
, .

, 9, 14, 37.
54 63
>.30,
, ,
.
, ,

,

 .
, 9-12 ,

,
.

6.8.1

TSCS:2

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

5.746
1.483
1.279
1.179
1.134
1.085
1.027
1.010
.974
.936
.922
.902
.891
.879
.849

17.41
4.49
3.88
3.57
3.44
3.29
3.11
3.06
2.95
2.84
2.79
2.73
2.70
2.66
2.57

17.41
21.91
25.78
29.36
32.79
36.08
39.19
42.25
45.21
48.04
50.84
53.57
56.27
58.93
61.51

16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000

16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

.839
.831
.802
.795
.784
.776
.755
.723
.718
.694
.682
.672
.640
.628
.613
.602
.587
.563

2.54
2.52
2.43
2.41
2.37
2.35
2.29
2.19
2.18
2.10
2.07
2.04
1.94
1.90
1.86
1.83
1.78
1.70

6.8.1


TSCS:2

64.05
66.57
69.00
71.41
73.78
76.13
78.42
80.61
82.79
84.89
86.95
88.99
90.93
92.83
94.69
96.52
98.29
100.000

7
6
5

4
3
2
1
0
1

11 13

15 17 19

21 23 25

27

6.8.2:

29

31

33

26 /

.64

22

.58

19 /

.52

42

.30

36

.45

16

.43

74

.36

.34

46

.47

11

.42

.31

66

.62

72

.57

50

.32

.53

15
76

.32

.50
.49

.43

43

.39

.33

23

.61

.58

10

.53

.50

25

.44

20

.41

21

.32

57

.58

69

.52

62

.51

.45

40

.33

73

.36

.39

61 /

.58

45

.47

53

.39

2.78
8.18

2.43
7.14

2.33
6.86

1.80
5.31

1.59
4.68

6.8.2

TSCS:2

7
6
5
4

3
2
1
0
1

11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37

 6.8.3

TSCS:2

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

5.743
2.029
1.666
1.248
1.177
1.094
1.083
1.032
.952
.941
.903
.890
.870
.850
.823
.812
.795
.772

16.89
5.97
4.90
3.67
3.46
3.22
3.18
3.03
2.80
2.77
2.66
2.62
2.56
2.50
2.42
2.39
2.34
2.27

16.89
22.86
27.76
31.43
34.89
38.11
41.29
44.33
47.13
49.90
52.55
55.17
57.73
60.23
62.65
65.04
67.38
69.65

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34

1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000

.755
.741
.735
.718
.705
.702
.688
.673
.645
.626
.618
.596
.582
.562
.542
.432

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34

2.22
2.18
2.16
2.11
2.07
2.06
2.02
1.98
1.90
1.84
1.82
1.75
1.71
1.65
1.59
1.27

71.87
74.05
76.21
78.32
80.39
82.46
84.48
86.46
88.36
90.20
92.02
93.77
95.48
97.13
98.73
100.00

6.8.4:

8
12

.62
.60

13

.53

.51

.50

.49

.48

.34

14

.34

.34

59

.66

60

.63

58

.58

65

.56

68

.35

.29

.
.60

75

.57

52

24 /

.44

32

.39

55

.79

51

.76

49

.54

44

.53
.32

34

.58

35

.55

54

.51

37

.30

.34

70
41

-.35
.57

18

.29

.51

17

.49

24 /

.46

31

.33

30

2.87
8.44

2.45
7.21

2.04
6.00

1.93
5.66

.30

.33

1.92
5.64

1.75
5.15

6.8. .
,
, . ,
,

.
, (
) 32.02 %
( ) 38.16
% .
, 1226 76 -, 16
1, Gorsuch (1983) Streiner (1994),
KaiserMayer-Olkin, .887. Bartlett
5758.375 , p=.000,
.
, ()
33.39% ()
38.98 % ,
6.1.14 6.1.15.
, 1286 76 -,
16 1, Gorsuch (1983) Streiner (1994),

Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin, .890. Bartlett

7128.576 , p=.000,
.
,
1, 53, 63 70, (>.30)
. ,
42, 33 63, >.30
. 63:
,
.

.
: 57, 20, 42, 10, 72 5
,
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- ,
.
, 6.8.5 6.8.12,

.
, ,
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),

 ,
.
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( ) ,
TSCS:2 .

, , :

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1:

2:

2:

3:
.

3:

4:

4:

5:

5: /

6:

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1:

2: .

2:

3: .

3:

4:

4:
.

5:

5:

6:

6.8.5:

26 /

.59

22

.55

19 /

.47

36

.40

27

.54

16

.53

11

.46

.31

15

.39

.31

.31

.30
.61

10

21

.37

20

.41

.44

25

.53

.50
.53

74

23

.33

.49

40

.36

45

.35

.44

50

.32

.40

.30

.43

42
33

.39

46

.51

.38

61 /

.39

73

.46

.37
.56

69

62

.49

57

.33

.39
.63

66

76

.35

.50
.32

43

.50

72

.64

2.80
8.25

2.29
6.73

2.22
6.50

2.10
6.14

1.48
4.35

6.8.6:

26 /

.65

22

.49

19 /

.44

36

.51

27

.41

74

.37

.32

46

.56

16

.47

11

.34

.31


.64

23
2

.63

.47

25

.41

10

.40

20

.35

40

.34

73

.29

.33

57

.63

.50

21

.35

69

.41

62

.51

66

.30
.64

76

.58

50

.35

.50

15

.33

.43

72

.48

.42

43

.30

.42
.56

61 /
73

.30

.49

45

.39

53

.48

%
6.8.7:

3.04
8.93

2.41
7.08

2.08
6.12

1.92
5.63

1.91
5.62

2
8

.61

.
9

13
7

.58
.57
.56

12

.54

.46

.42

14

.30

.42

.22

59

.67

60

.66

58

.58

67

.52

65

.52

41

.34

.33

52

.59

75

.58

32

.47

64 -

.44

.31

35

.37

.48

68

.31

.30

.33

.
55

.79

51

.74

44

.55

49

.54
.55

24 /
18

.39

.53

17

.31

.51

54

.33
.65

31
30
35
34
37

.37
.34

.39

2.94 2.53 1.94

8.66 7.44 5.71

1.89
5.55

1.84
5.42

.60
.48
.44
.33
1.83
5.38

6.8.8:

2
59

.65

60

.62

67

.61

58

.57

65

.53

68 .

.36

.31

12

.61

.59

.56

.56

.44

13
9

.42
.40

.33

75

.59

64

.56

52

.29

.52

24 /

.50

18

.48

32
41

.30

.37

.39
.60

37

.51

17

.50

30

.49

31

.48
.35

34

.55

54

.51

35

.51

14

.48

70
55
51
49
44
2.45 2.43 2.40

7.20 7.15 7.07

%

.35

2.02
5.95

1.98
5.82

.80
.76
.56
.53
1.97
5.80

6.8.9:

30.
3.

.42

.57

.56

.48

.65

.44
.58

58.
64.

.60

.56

31.
7.

.49

.56
.44

.31

41.

.34

.60

59.

.65

.67

65.

.53

.52

4.

.46

.33

.51

.56

54.
49.

.54

.56

44.

.55

.52

.31

.50

.39

.55

.44

.51

.50

24. /
18.

.35

34.
17.

.39

.48

.53

.62

60.

.66

51.

.74

.76

35.

.37

.51

.48

14.

.42
.61

67.
68.

.48
.52
.31

.33

.31

55.

.80

.80

.51

37.
8.

.61

.59

.54

.61

.57

.42

.33

.
63.
12.

13.

.35

70.

75.

.59

.59

52.

.30

.52

.40

.47

.33

.30

.58

.39

9.

.58

32.

.30

 6.8.10:

1.

.30

.50

21.

.38

40.

.36

.35
.34

57.

.33

.63

20.

.41

.39

.35

22.

.56

.49

19. /

.47

.44

42.

.31

73.

.43

.29

.47

.30

.38

11.

.46

.34

.33

.35

.31

50.

.40

6.
23.

.34

.39

.50
.45

.47

.49

.64

.33

.49

33.
66.

.64

.63

10.

.61

61. /

.39

.39

.56

62.
45.

.50

.444

.36

.30

.53

.41

.51

.63

.49

.30
.39

25.
2.

27.

.55

.41

36.

.40

.51

16.

.53

.47

74.

.32

.37

.54

.56

.51

46.
69.

.41

.56

26. /

.59

.65

5.

.42

.32

.48

.65

.43

.31

.30

.51

53.

72.

15.
43.

.39

.33

.31
.42

76.

.59

.51

.36

6.8.11
( )
TSCS:2

5.41

15.92
15.92
1
6.21

18.26
18.26

1.60

4.70

20.63

1.50

4.42

22.68

1.44

4.24

24.87

1.28

3.77

26.45

1.25

3.68

28.55

1.21

3.55

30.00

1.17

3.46

32.02

1.15

3.38

33.39

6.8.12
( )
TSCS:2

5.57

16.40
16.40
1
5.96

17.53
17.53

2.07

6.10

5.98

1
2

22.51

2.03

23.52

1.69

4.99

27.50

1.65

4.86

28.38

1.32

3.88

31.38

1.25

3.68

32.06

1.17

3.46

34.84

1.22

3.59

35.66

1.12

3.32

38.16

1.13

3.32

38.98

6.9

TSCS:2.
.

, ,
, ,
Fitts & Warren, (1996) .

: = +
+ + + + .
,
,
(. Fitts & Warren, 1996, .
11, 21, 22), .
6.9.1
TSCS:2,

 , , , , ,
,
.
: , , ,

.
,
, .
,

, . ,
Fitts & Warren (1996,
. 74, . ), .

6.9.1
TSCS:2


TSCS:2

.77

.77

.78

.79

.77

.72

.70

.74

.72

.84

.83

.85

.71

.70

.78

6
.77

7
.79

8
.76

.74

.69

.72

.70

.85

.84

.84

.86

.82

.73

.72

.73

.70

.71

.72

.79

.77

.80

.78

.75

.79

.74

.74

.73

.75

.75

.73

.75

.74

.73

.82

.80

.83

.82

.81

.82

.82

.79

.82

.81

.83

.80

.82

.84

.83

.81

.86

.86

.87

.87

.86

.86

.86

.85

1 =(2220), 2= (1152), 3= (1068), 4= (704), 5= (748), 6= (759), 7= (718), 8= (357)

P=.001

 7:
-

7.1.

, .
,
. ,
,

. : 0=
, 1= / , 2= , 3= , 4=
( ).
, (ANOVA) ,
TSCS:2.
, ,
Scheff 5%.
7.1.1
,
F(5,
F(5,

2213)=9.95,

2213)=3.94,

p<0.05

p<0.05 . ,

(0= , 1= / , 2= , 3= , 4=
), ,
. 7.1.1,
,
.
,
. 7.1.2

 ,
.
,
F(4,

1145)=2.96,

p<0.05 F(4,

1145 )=

3.61,

p<0.05, ,
. , , ,

, ,
.

7.1.1
(ANOVA)
TSCS:2

.
0
1
2
3
4

0
1
2
3
4

0
1
2
3
4

0
1
2
3
4

0
1
2
3

239
1325
439
156
57
2218
239
1325
439
156
57
2218
239
1325
439
156
57
2218
239
1325
439
156
57
2218
239
1325
439
156

..

. .

31.15
31.06
30.51
30.67
29.47
30.89
24.07
23.97
23.39
23.49
22.65
23.80
28.30
28.26
27.79
27.60
26.35
28.07
29.29
29.17
28.99
28.52
27.91
29.06
35.02
34.94
34.40
33.37

3.59
3.45
3.63
3.28
3.87
3.51
2.80
2.99
2.92
3.06
3.03
2.97
3.41
3.34
3.26
3.36
3.81
3.37
2.45
2.66
2.57
2.69
3.09
2.65
3.53
3.68
3.73
3.89

. .

0
1
2
3
4

0
1
2
3
4

57
2218
239
1325
439
156
57
2218

33.26
34.68
25.29
24.84
24.47
24.07
23.35
24.72

4.12
3.73
3.09
3.31
3.39
3.41
3.30
3.33

239
1324
438
156
55
2212

28.85
28.70
28.25
27.95
27.22
28.54

2.39
2.48
2.50
2.39
2.68
2.49

239

51.47

4.28

1325
439
156
57
2218
239
1325
439
156
57
2218
239
1325
439
156
57
2218

51.17
50.54
50.13
48.86
50.94
40.92
40.90
40.20
39.54
38.75
40.61
52.64
52.55
51.62
51.18
49.68
52.20

4.29
4.49
4.34
4.83
4.38
4.59
4.64
4.67
4.41
4.85
4.66
5.30
547
5.36
5.43
5.47
5.46

1
2
3
4

0
1
2
3
4

0
1
2
3
4

*p<.05, **p<.01 ***p<.001

7.1.2
(ANOVA)
TSCS:2

..1

0
129
110
31.36
1
2
3
4

0
1
2
3

698
219
76
27
1149
129
698
219
76

627
219
80
28
1064
110
627
220
80

31.42
31.05
31.32
29.59
31.29
23.98
23.91
23.50
23.84

..2

. .1

. .2

30.92

3.51

3.68

30.67
29.95
30.06
29.68
30.47
24.17
24.05
23.32
23.15

3.34
3.45
2.99
3.89
3.38
2.65
2.98
2.86
2.95

3.54
3.73
3.44
3.72
3.60
2.97
3.00
3.09
3.14

0
1
2
3
4

0
1
2
3
4

0
1
2
3
4

0
1
2
3
4

27
1149
129
698
219
76
27
129
698
219
76
27
1149
129
698
219
76
27
1149
129
698
219
76
27
1149
1149
129

28
1065
110
626
220
80
28
1064
110
626
220
80
28
1064
110
627
220
80
28
1065
110
627
220
80
28
1065
110

22.41
23.80
28.43
28.53
28.14
28.17
26.59
29.19
29.18
29.07
28.51
27.78
29.09
34.86
35.03
34..30
33.74
33.70
34.76
25.64
24.98
24.63
24.66
23.89
24.94
52.47
28.91

22.82
23.81
28.15
27.95
27.45
27.05
26.36
27.76
29.41
29.15
28.91
28.53
28.00
29.05
35.20
34.83
34.50
33.03
32.96
34.61
24.88
24.69
24.34
23.51
22.93
24.50
28.79

3.42
2.94
3.33
3.25
3.13
2.91
3.93
2.40
2.64
2.44
2.40
3.49
2.60
3.64
3.60
3.60
3.49
3.96
3.63
2.96
3.30
3.30
3.11
3.51
3.26
5.39
2.27

2.72
3.04
3.51
3.43
3.36
3.67
3.52
3.46
2.51
2.69
2.69
2.96
2.80
2.70
3.41
3.76
3.87
4.23
4.40
3.84
3.20
3.33
3.45
3.60
3.17
3.38
2.53

1
2
3
4

698
219
76
27
1149
129

626
219
80
28
1063
110

28.84
28.45
28.37
27.33
28.71
40.83

28.55
28.06
27.55
27.13
28.36
41.46

2.44
2.39
1.97
2.81
2.40
3.68

2.52
2.61
2.69
2.59
2.58
3.17

1
2
3
4

0
1
2
3
4

0
1
2
3
4

698
219
76
27
1149
129
698
219
76
27
1149
129
698
219
76
27
1149

626
220
80
28
1064
110
626
220
80
28
1064
110
627
219
80
28
1064

41.03
40.69
40.67
38.67
40.87
41.12
41.15
40.38
40.00
38.78
40.87
52.71
52.68
52.03
52.24
50.07
52.47

40.53
39.86
39.83
38.79
40.39
40.69
40.61
40.02
39.11
39.07
40.34
52.56
52.41
51.17
50.18
49.18
51.92

3.42
3.45
2.97
4.51
3.47
4.31
4.54
4.50
3.67
5.31
4.50
5.04
5.50
5.25
5.12
5.54
5.39

3.65
3.88
3.84
3.67
3.70
4.91
4.73
4.85
5.00
4.45
4.80
5.62
5.44
5.42
5.56
5.50
5.52

0= , 1= /, 2= ,
3= , 4= .

*p<.05, **p<.01 ***p<.001

7.2
,
,
Hattie (1992). , ,
.
: 0= , 1= , 2= , 3= , 4=
.
, (ANOVA)

TSCS:2. ,
,
Scheffe 5%.
7.2.1
. 7.2.1
,
F(4, 2213)=3.81, p<0.05
F(4, 2213)=10.54, p<0.01 . ,
(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)
.
7.2.1,
, .
.01.
,

 .
,
7.2.2. ,
,
.
,
. 7.1.2
,
.

: F(4, 1143)=2.87, p<0.05, F(4,
1143)=

4.53, p<0.05, F(4,

1143)=2.87,

p<0.05.

, , ,
p<0.05 p<0.01.

7.2.1
(ANOVA)
TSCS:2

0
90
1
2
3
4

0
1
2
3
4

963
864
239
62
2218
90
963
864
239
62

..

. .

31.39

3.34

31.13
30.77
30.40
30.08
30.89
24.32
24.10
23.58
23.27
23.27

3.60
3.40
3.55
3.36
3.51
2.80
2.91
3.00
3.06
2.85


0
1
2
3
4

0
1
2
3
4

0
1
2
3
4

0
1
2
3
4

2218
90
963
864
239
62
2218
90
963
864
239
62
2218
90
963
864
239
62
2218
90
963
864
239
62
2218
90

23.80
28.36
28.33
27.95
27.65
27.10
28.07
29.36
29.31
28.94
28.57
28.47
29.06
35.34
34.90
34.68
33.98
33.27
34.69
25.87
25.07
24.44
24.29
23.39
24.73
29.11

2.97
3.36
3.31
3.40
3.37
3.42
3.37
2.29
2.54
2.75
2.79
2.47
2.65
3.59
3.71
3.69
3.65
4.29
3.73
2.95
3.20
3.38
3.50
3.41
3.33
2.34

1
2
3
4

960
862
239
55
2206
90

28.80
28.40
28.03
27.74
28.54
51.82

2.45
2.51
2.55
2.45
2.49
36.9

1
963
2
864
3
239
4
62

2218

0
90
1
963
2
864
3
239
4
62

2218

0
90
1
963
2
864
3
239
4
62

2218
*p<.05, **p<.01 ***p<.001

51.21
50.85
50.16
49.95
50.94
41.43
41.02
40.41
39.81
38.97
40.61
52.71
52.78
51.93
51.17
50.52
52.21

43.0
43.8
47.1
45.6
43.8
47.8
46.6
45.9
46.5
44.2
46.6
49.7
53.1
55.7
54.6
55.7
54.6

 7.2.2
(ANOVA)
TSCS:2

0
49
1
501
2
450
3
128
4
20

1148

0
49
1
501
2
450
3
128
4
20

1148

0
49
1
501
2
450
3
128
4
20

1148

0
49
1
501
2
450
3
128
4
20

1148

..1

..2

. .1

. .2

41
460
412
111
35
1059
41
461
412
111
35
1060
41
460
412
111
35
1059
41
460
412
111
35
1059

31.39
31.49
31.19
30.88
31.15
31.29
23.80
24.04
23.64
23.42
23.40
23.79
28.14
28.64
28.22
27.95
27.80
28.36
29.04
29.27
28.99
28.70
28.70
29.08

31.39
30.72
30.33
29.85
29.97
30.48
24.95
24.19
23.53
23.09
23.03
23.81
28.61
27.97
27.65
27.32
27.00
27.77
29.73
29.34
28.87
28.42
28.34
29.04

3.15
3.44
3.40
3.20
2.41
3.38
2.82
2.88
2.99
2.98
2.96
2.94
3.35
3.25
3.25
3.25
2.50
3.25
2.21
2.54
2.70
2.69
2.52
2.61

3.60
3.73
3.36
3.86
3.50
3.60
2.66
3.00
3.02
3.16
2.96
3.04
3.40
3.35
3.55
3.50
3.63
3.46
2.37
2.55
2.81
2.91
2.72
2.71

49

41

35.27

35.44

3.70

3.49

501

461

34.80

35.00

3.69

3.74

2
3
4

450
128
20
1148
49
501
450
128

412
111
35
1060
41
461
412
111

34.95
33.88
33.75
34.76
26.24
25.19
24.70
24.39

34.39
34.11
33.46
34.63
25.41
24.93
24.18
24.22

3.49
3.56
4.40
3.62
2.95
3.15
3.34
3.34

3.88
3.77
4.23
3.82
2.92
3.24
3.40
3.63

2
3

0
1
2
3
4

20
1148
49
501
450
128
20
1148
49

35
1060
41
459
412
111
35
1058
41

24.25
24.94
28.98
28.91
28.61
28.20
28.18
28.70
41.10

23.17
24.52
29.26
28.68
28.16
27.83
27.50
28.37
41.95

3.43
3.26
2.27
2.42
2.41
2.35
2.01
2.40
3.06

3.70
3.37
2.44
2.47
2.59
2.76
2.67
2.58
2.65

501
450
128
20
1148
49
501
450
128
20
1148
49
501
450
128
20
1148

460
412
111
35
1059
41
460
412
111
35
1059
41
460
412
111
35
1059

41.03
40.77
40.35
40.70
40.85
41.12
41.22
40.72
40.02
39.95
40.86
52.22
52.90
52.27
51.73
51.30
52.47

40.63
40.24
39.68
39.80
40.40
41.80
40.78
40.06
39.56
38.89
40.35
53.29
52.62
51.56
50.53
50.06
51.93

3.56
3.39
3.75
2.43
3.48
4.30
4.60
4.50
4.16
4.10
4.50
5.23
5.19
5.64
5.25
5.29
5.39

3.56
3.79
3.99
3.92
3.70
5.33
4.72
4.69
5.16
4.54
4.80
4.62
5.44
5.48
5.66
6.24
5.53

1
2
3
4

0
1
2
3
4

0
1
2
3
4

*p<.05, **p<.01 ***p<.001

7.3

,
. , ,
,
, , , ,
.

: 1= , 2=
, 3= , , 4= , 5=
6= .


Scheff 5%.
7.3.1
. 7.3.1

F(6,
2057)=3.50,

p<0.05 F(6,

2057)=10.86,

p<0.01

.
,
, .
, ,
. , ,
,
, , ,
.
,
. 7.3.2
,
.

,
F(5,

1028)=2.91,

p<0.05 F(5,

1028)=6.48,

p<0.01

. ,
, F(5,

946)=3.20,

p<0.05 F(5, 946)=7.31, p<0.01

7.3.1
(ANOVA)
TSCS:2

*
1
2
3
4
5
6

1
2
3
4
5
6

1
2
3
4
5
6

1
2
3
4
5
6

1
2
3
4
5

653
444
94
281
475
109
2056
653
444
94
282
475
109
2057
653
444
94
282
474
109
2056
653
444
94
282
474
109
2056
653
444
94
282
475

..

. .

30.43
30.87
30.96
31.29
31.20
31.26
30.90
23.31
23.79
23.57
24.35
24.00
24.44
23.81
27.45
28.01
28.22
28.58
28.45
28.72
28.08
28.57
29.16
28.99
29.36
29.31
29.50
29.06
34.02
34.73
34.63
35.04
35.20

3.77
3.35
3.45
3.23
3.41
3.54
3.51
3.09
2.88
3.08
3.00
2.84
2.89
2.98
3.53
3.36
3.57
3.07
3.23
3.13
3.36
2.74
2.87
2.46
2.48
2.40
2.49
2.65
3.98
3.72
3.72
3.73
3.35

1
2
3
4
5
6

1
2
3
4
5
6

109
2056
653
444
94
282
475
109
2057
653
444
94
281
474
109
2055
653

34.98
34.71
23.99
24.61
24.64
25.18
25.29
25.35
24.75
167.76
171.16
171.01
173.74
173.43
174.25
171.30
39.99

3.42
3.72
3.58
3.31
3.33
3.02
3.07
2.96
3.32
15.97
15.02
15.52
13.52
13.65
13.87
14.92
4.00

2
444
40.67
3.59
3
94
40.52
3.74
4
282
41.41
3.01
5
474
40.93
3.28
6
109
41.30
3.06

2056
40.66
3.58

1
653
39.53
4.69
2
444
40.67
4.55
3
94
40.26
4.89
4
282
41.31
4.55
5
474
41.33
4.43
6
109
41.38
4.46

2056
40.60
4.63

1
653
51.40
5.71
2
444
52.08
5.50
3
94
52.61
5.21
4
281
52.68
5.46
5
475
52.65
5.06
6
109
53.19
5.29

2056
52.22
5.45
*p<.05, **p<.01 ***p<.001
1= , 2= , 3= , , 4= ,
5= , 6=

7.3.2
(ANOVA)
TSCS:2

*

1
297
2
214

292
189

..1 ..2 . .1 . .2
30.76 30.23 3.66 3.80
30.63 31.17 3.41 3.31

3
4
5
6

1
2
3
4
5
6

1
2
3
4
5
6

1
2
3
4
5
6

1
2
3
4
5
6

1
2
3
4
5
6

1
2
3
4
5
6

1
2
3
4
5
6

46
185
239
53
1034
297
214
46
185
239
53
1034
297
214
46
185
239
53
1034
297
214
46
185
239
53
1034
297
214
46
185
239
53
1034
297
214
46
185
239
53
1034
297
214
46
185
239
53
1034
297
214
46
185
239
53
1034
297

33
184
197
52
947
292
189
33
185
197
52
948
292
189
33
185
196
52
947
292
189
33
185
196
52
947
292
189
33
185
197
52
948
292
189
33
185
197
52
948
292
189
33
184
196
52
946
292
189
33
185
196
52
947
292

31.15
31.34
31.23
31.58
31.00
23.33
23.58
23.46
24.09
23.95
24.55
23.73
27.68
27.65
28.20
28.69
28.47
28.92
28.12
28.61
28.93
29.13
29.53
29.30
29.45
29.07
34.15
34.43
34.83
35.10
34.99
35.45
34.67
24.01
24.36
24.24
25.32
25.18
25.45
24.67
168.55
169.58
171.00
174.08
173.13
175.42
171.27
40.37
40.42
41.07
41.26
41.03
41.42
40.78
39.55

30.52
31.25
31.28
31.06
30.89
23.30
23.86
23.42
24.58
24.07
24.54
23.89
27.29
28.26
27.91
28.58
28.56
28.67
28.10
28.57
29.25
28.82
29.29
29.37
29.69
29.08
33.88
34.99
34.33
35.25
35.56
34.56
34.77
24.12
24.93
24.82
25.43
25.44
25.46
24.91
167.39
172.47
169.82
174.27
174.22
173.98
171.60
39.73
40.93
39.79
41.37
40.86
41.23
40.61
39.49

3.43
3.22
3.31
3.63
3.45
3.03
2.90
3.27
2.90
2.69
2.90
2.92
3.14
3.42
3.17
2.89
3.07
3.12
3.17
2.64
2.97
2.46
2.43
2.37
2.73
2.63
3.82
3.68
3.41
3.70
3.22
2.91
3.59
3.52
3.34
3.47
3.08
3.00
3.04
3.30
14.96
15.15
14.47
13.49
12.99
14.17
14.42
3.66
3.71
3.26
2.91
3.14
2.73
3.39
4.55

3.65
3.36
3.57
3.48
3.57
3.17
2.83
3.28
3.05
3.04
2.85
3.07
3.83
3.33
4.38
3.18
3.35
3.09
3.53
2.75
2.89
2.78
2.59
2.40
2.25
2.67
4.03
3.66
4.28
3.60
3.54
3.66
3.81
3.70
3.29
3.32
2.92
3.20
2.88
3.35
16.59
14.96
18.50
13.44
14.41
13.14
15.39
4.07
3.50
4.47
3.18
3.54
3.39
3.71
4.80

2
3
4
5
6

1
2
3
4
5
6

*p<.05, **p<.01 ***p<.001

214
46
185
239
53
1034
297
214
46
185
239
53
1034

189
33
185
196
52
947
292
189
33
184
197
52
947

40.36
40.30
41.35
41.31
41.55
40.58
51.66
51.42
52.22
53.01
52.41
53.83
52.16

40.90
40.18
41.27
41.64
41.60
40.70
51.30
52.54
52.52
52.92
52.98
52.83
52.34

4.60
4.69
4.46
4.26
4.23
4.53
5.44
5.57
5.06
5.31
5.16
5.63
5.40

4.50
5.57
4.63
4.57
4.36
4.73
5.89
5.54
5.76
5.44
4.94
4.87
5.52

1= , 2= , 3= , ,
4= 5= , 6=

7.4

,
,
.
,
.
,
, ,
.

,
, : 1=
, 2= , 3= , , 4= , 5=
, 6= 7= .

 Scheff
5%.
7.4.1 ,
. 7.4.1
,
, F(6, 2187)=2.489, p<0.05
F(6, 2187)=10.624, p<0.01 .
,
, .
, , ,
,
, .
,
. 7.4.2

,
.

, ,
F(6,
F(6,

1044)=

1044)=

2.658, p<0.05

5.021, p<0.01 . ,

F(6,

952)=

3.838,

p<0.05, F(6, 952)= 4.322 p<0.01,

F(6, 952)= 2.660, p<0.05, F(6, 952)= 2.587, p<0.05
F(5, 946)= 2.660, p<0.05.

 7.4.1
(ANOVA)
TSCS:2

*
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1
2
3
4
5

237
287
15
404
265
25
955
2188
237
287
15
405
265
25
955
2189
237
287
15
405
265
25
954
2188
237
287
15
405
265
25
954
2188
237
287
15
405
265
25
955
2189
237
287
15
405
265

..

. .

30.42
30.80
29.93
31.40
31.05
30.88
30.85
30.91
23.46
23.83
23.33
24.38
23.92
23.56
23.64
23.81
27.55
28.00
28.20
28.74
27.89
28.44
28.00
28.08
28.70
28.99
27.73
29.49
29.15
29.20
29.02
29.08
34.24
34.71
33.87
35.60
34.86
35.52
34.45
34.73
23.90
24.80
22.67
25.70
25.00

3.77
3.52
3.26
3.29
3.58
3.72
3.47
3.50
2.98
3.19
2.50
2.84
3.08
2.95
2.93
2.98
3.51
3.51
3.67
2.89
3.40
3.68
3.42
3.36
2.68
2.77
2.96
2.40
2.82
3.15
2.60
2.64
3.76
3.79
3.07
3.35
3.83
3.94
3.69
3.69
3.50
3.38
4.03
2.93
3.23

6
7

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

25
955
2189
237
287
15
404
265
25
954
2187
237

24.72
24.49
24.74
168.27
171.13
165.73
175.26
171.88
172.32
170.43
171.34
40.01

3.14
3.31
3.31
15.40
15.43
14.73
12.98
15.16
16.74
14.92
14.89
3.91

2
3
4
5
6
7

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

287
15
405
265
25
954
2188
237
287
15
405
265
25
954
2188
237
287
15
404
265
25
955
2188

40.52
40.87
41.33
40.62
41.56
40.55
40.65
39.83
40.59
38.67
41.84
40.69
41.24
40.31
40.62
51.57
52.08
50.47
53.08
52.46
51.48
52.11
52.25

3.88
3.38
2.93
3.71
3.52
3.57
3.58
4.71
4.73
3.66
4.31
4.84
5.30
4.55
4.63
5.35
5.37
6.55
5.03
5.50
6.73
5.54
5.44

*p<.05, **p<.01 ***p<.001

1= , 2= , 3= , ,
4= 5= , 6= , 7=

7.4.2
(ANOVA)
TSCS:2

*
1
103
102
2

132

121

..1

..2

. .1

. .2

30.46

30.72

3.60

3.87

30.64

30.78

3.43

3.60

. .

3
4
5
6
7

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

10
198
139
12
451
1045
103
132
10
198
139
12
451
1045
103
132
10
198
139
12
451
1045
103
132
10
198
139
12
451
1045
103
132
10
198
139
12
451
1045
103
132
10
198
139
12
451
1045
103
132
10
198
139
12
451
1045
103
132
10
198
139
12
451
1045

3
182
103
11
431
953
102
121
3
183
103
11
431
954
102
121
3
183
103
11
430
953
102
121
3
183
103
11
430
953
102
121
3
183
103
11
431
954
102
121
3
183
103
11
431
954
102
121
3
182
103
11
430
952
102
121
3
183
103
11
430
953

30.70
31.58
31.33
31.67
30.88
31.01
23.42
23.80
23.70
24.28
23.79
23.75
23.55
23.74
27.42
27.97
28.70
28.87
27.85
28.75
28.02
28.11
28.70
28.95
27.40
29.60
29.22
29.58
28.98
29.09
34.04
34.46
33.00
35.42
34.81
36.00
34.51
34.67
24.15
24.62
22.70
25.62
24.87
25.17
24.39
24.68
168.17
170.45
166.20
175.38
171.87
174.92
170.33
171.31
39.86
40.58
41.80
41.59
40.76
41.58
40.63
40.77

29.33
31.39
30.83
30.82
30.84
30.92
23.61
23.79
22.33
24.48
24.02
23.73
23.73
23.89
27.95
27.95
26.33
28.74
27.80
28.82
27.96
28.09
28.91
28.79
30.33
29.43
29.04
29.00
29.08
29.09
34.50
34.91
37.67
35.78
35.02
35.73
34.32
34.80
24.04
24.96
22.00
25.83
25.04
24.36
24.67
24.89
169.73
171.17
168.00
175.55
171.74
172.45
170.56
171.64
40.47
40..27
41.00
41.27
40.34
42.00
40.47
40.60

2.31
3.21
2.82
4.44
3.61
3.43
2.92
2.95
2.83
2.69
2.98
2.42
2.99
2.92
3.43
3.32
2.67
2.72
3.11
4.35
3.25
3.19
2.73
2.80
3.06
2.25
2.60
3.63
2.64
2.62
3.71
3.49
2.67
3.41
3.86
3.86
3.50
3.57
3.54
3.42
2.79
2.90
3.41
3.49
3.23
3.28
14.93
14.51
13.04
12.37
14.12
19.19
14.63
14.36
3.56
3.63
2.57
2.75
3.25
3.73
3.50
3.38

4.73
3.35
4.32
2.56
3.36
3.55
3.07
3.45
2.08
3.04
3.31
3.50
2.88
3.07
3.40
3.69
7.02
3.06
3.64
2.40
3.65
3.53
2.37
2.80
1.15
2.55
3.05
2.65
2.65
2.67
3.81
3.81
3.58
3.32
3.88
2.97
3.87
3.78
3.38
3.43
7.55
3.05
2.98
3.01
3.45
3.36
14.93
16.32
21.38
13.76
16.08
11.58
15.54
15.37
3.91
4.07
3.61
3.00
4.23
3.35
3.69
3.71

103

102

39.53

40.31

5.12

4.36

2
3
4
5
6
7

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

132
10
198
139
12
451
1045
103
132
10
198
139
12
451
1045

121
3
183
103
11
430
953
102
121
3
182
103
11
431
953

40.36
38.60
41.94
40.94
41.25
40.23
40.59
51.58
51.79
50.10
53.03
52.19
53.92
52.07
52.19

40.66
38.33
41.83
40.45
42.55
40.42
40.73
52.01
52.12
53.00
53.21
52.87
49.73
52.10
52.37

4.57
3.89
4.07
4.39
5.12
4.50
4.53
4.96
5.01
6.26
5.05
5.54
6.52
5.57
5.37

4.80
4.93
4.51
5.32
3.67
4.66
4.71
5.46
5.74
8.19
5.18
5.31
6.63
5.59
5.52

1= , 2= , 3= , ,
4= 5= , 6= , 7=
*p<.05, **p<.01 ***p<.001

7.5

, .
TSCS:2
,
. : 1= , 2= , 3=
4= .
7.5.1 ,
.

, F(3, 2175)=14.436,
p<0.001 F(3, 2175)=33.301, p<0.001
. ,

, . ,
,
, ,

.
,
. 7.5.2
,
.
.
F(3, 1126)=13.061, p<0.001
F(3,1045)=23.747, p<0.001 .

7.5.1
(ANOVA)
TSCS:2

1
270
2
488
3
779
4
642

2179
1
270
2
488
3
779
4
643

2180
1
270
2
488
3
778
4
643

2179
1
270
2
488
3
778
4
643

2179
1
270

..

. .

29.90
30.48
31.14
31.34
30.90
22.81
23.56
24.00
24.23
23.82
27.10
27.71
28.28
28.55
28.08
28.26
28.73
29.27
29.42
29.06
33.61

3.85
3.61
3.36
3.36
3.51
3.16
3.10
2.81
2.88
2.97
3.73
3.42
3.26
3.15
3.36
2.82
2.86
2.53
2.48
2.66
4.02

2
3
4

1
2
3
4

1
2
3
4

488
779
643
2180
270
488
779
643
2180
270
488
778
642
2178
270

34.23
34.83
35.37
34.71
23.54
24.16
24.80
25.62
24.74
27.54
28.14
28.72
29.08
28.55
39.47

3.94
3.53
3.50
3.72
3.63
3.40
3.23
3.00
3.33
2.74
2.61
2.38
2.24
2.49
4.18

2
3
4

1
2
3
4

1
2
3
4

488
778
643
2179
270
488
778
643
2179
270
488
779
642
2179

40.10
40.90
41.22
40.64
39.04
39.97
40.86
41.53
40.63
50.46
51.78
52.63
52.82
52.22

3.73
3.44
3.26
3.60
4.77
4.68
4.49
4.47
4.63
5.94
5.84
5.23
5.00
5.45

*p<.05, **p<.01 ***p<.001

1= , 2= , 3=
4=

7.5.2
(ANOVA)
TSCS:2

1
139
2
3
4

1
2
3
4

1
2
3
4

1
2
3
4

266
393
332
1130
139
266
393
332
1130
139
266
393
332
1130
139
266
393
332

..1

..2

. .1

. .2

131

3055

29.21

362

3.97

222
386
310
1049
131
222
386
311
1050
131
222
385
311
1049
131
222
385
311

30.89
31.52
31.66
31.29
23.19
23.39
24.04
24.12
23.81
27.74
28.01
28.49
28.77
28.37
28.50
28.54
29.35
29.44

30.00
30.76
31.00
30.48
22.41
23.75
23.96
24.34
23.84
26.41
27.35
28.07
28.31
27.78
27.99
28.95
29.19
29.39

338
332
328
338
322
302
277
280
292
355
336
315
306
324
258
290
249
241

3.82
3.36
3.43
3.61
3.07
3.19
2.84
2.96
3.04
3.81
3.45
3.37
3.23
3.46
3.03
2.80
2.57
2.57

. .

1
2
3
4

1
2
3
4

1
2
3
4

1130
139
266
393
332
1130
139
266
393
332
1130
139
266
393
332
1130
139

1049
131
222
386
311
1050
131
222
386
311
1050
131
222
385
310
1048
131

29.08
34.09
34.26
34.92
35.32
34.78
24.19
24.30
25.03
25.69
24.95
28.04
28.23
28.89
29.17
28.71
40.25

29.05
33.11
34.19
34.74
35.43
34.63
22.85
23.98
24.56
25.55
24.52
27.00
28.04
28.54
28.99
28.37
38.63

261
365
381
352
344
361
340
331
325
303
327
254
252
234
218
240
366

2.71
4.34
4.10
3.54
3.56
3.84
3.75
3.50
3.20
2.97
3.38
2.85
2.73
2.41
2.29
2.58
4.53

2
3
4

1
2
3
4

1
2
3
4

266
393
332
1130
139
266
393
332
1130
139
266
393
332
1130

222
385
311
1049
131
222
385
311
1049
131
222
386
310
1049

40.30
41.00
41.39
40.86
39.50
40.07
41.12
41.83
40.88
51.40
51.77
53.02
52.86
52.48

39.86
40.80
41.05
40.40
38.56
39.86
40.58
41.21
40.36
49.46
51.80
52.22
52.77
51.95

364
349
320
349
468
447
441
422
448
561
593
504
506
5.37

3.82
3.39
3.33
3.71
4.84
4.94
4.56
4.71
4.79
6.14
5.73
5.40
4.94
5.53

*p<.05, **p<.01 ***p<.001

7.6
,
,
. ,
,
: 1= , 2= , 3=
4= .
7.6.1
,
, ANOVA
,

 ,
F(3,

2183)=9.937,

p<0.001 F(3,

2183)=44.662,

p<0.001 .
,
(Scheff),
. , ,
,
,
.
,
. 7.6.2
,
. ,

.
, , F(3,
1129)=16.984,

p<0.001 F(3,

1050)=29.510,

p<0.001 .

,
,
,
.

7.6.1
(ANOVA)
TSCS:2

..

. .

268

30.05

3.68

472

30.34

3.71

844

31.15

3.29

603

31.37

3.45

2187

30.90

3.51

268

23.27

3.11

472

23.54

3.00

844

23.82

2.86

604

24.31

2.97

2188

23.83

2.97

268

27.04

3.63

472

27.60

3.54

844

28.33

3.27

603

28.57

3.04

2187

28.08

3.36

268

28.34

2.86

472

28.73

2.69

844

29.15

2.58

603

29.54

2.53

2187

29.07

2.65

268

33.56

3.93

472

34.21

3.74

844

34.87

3.59

604

35.40

3.57

2188

34.71

3.71

268

23.61

3.36

472

23.86

3.45

844

24.83

3.26

604

25.80

2.92

2188

24.74

3.32

268

27.65

2.66

472

28.05

2.57

844

28.69

2.37

602

29.15

2.29

2186

28.55

2.48

268

39.47

4.21

472

40.06

3.77

844

40.91

3.48

603

41.24

3.12

2187

40.64

3.60

268

39.38

4.69

472

39.68

4.56

844

40.74

4.54

603

41.79

4.48

2187

40.63

4.62

268

50.78

5.75

472

51.83

5.72

844

52.47

5.19

603

52.86

5.28

2187

52.23

5.44

*p<.05, **p<.01 ***p<.001

7.6.2
(ANOVA)
TSCS:2

.
1

..1

..2

. .1

. .2

132

136

30.61

29.50

3.54

3.74

258

214

30.85

29.73

3.45

3.92

436

408

31.44

30.85

3.31

3.25

307

296

31.78

30.94

3.25

3.60

1133

1054

31.30

30.47

3.38

3.60

132

136

23.65

22.90

3.08

3.11

258

214

23.64

23.43

2.92

3.09

436

408

23.69

23.96

2.85

2.88

307

297

24.23

24.38

2.92

3.02

1133

1055

23.82

23.84

2.92

3.03

132

136

27.63

26.47

3.37

3.79

258

214

28.14

26.95

3.33

3.68

436

408

28.50

28.15

3.27

3.27

307

296

28.72

28.41

2.93

3.15

1133

1054

28.38

27.76

3.22

3.47

132

136

28.29

28.40

2.72

2.99

258

214

28.74

28.73

2.69

2.71

436

408

29.22

29.08

2.49

2.66

307

296

29.54

29.53

2.54

2.53

1133

1054

29.09

29.05

2.61

2.70

132

136

34.11

33.04

3.37

4.36

258

214

34.42

33.95

3.57

3.94

436

408

34.81

34.93

3.65

3.54

307

297

35.32

35.48

3.60

3.54

. .

1133

1055

34.78

34.64

3.60

3.82

132

136

24.17

23.07

3.24

3.41

258

214

24.11

23.57

3.35

3.56

436

408

25.05

24.60

3.26

3.24

307

297

25.86

25.75

2.92

2.92

1133

1055

24.95

24.51

3.26

3.37

132

136

28.08

27.23

2.43

2.81

258

214

28.32

27.73

2.42

2.70

436

408

28.78

28.59

2.37

2.37

307

295

29.24

29.06

2.24

2.34

1133

1053

28.72

28.37

2.39

2.57

132

136

40.05

38.91

3.81

4.50

258

214

40.51

39.51

3.61

3.88

436

408

40.97

40.83

3.51

3.45

307

296

41.35

41.11

3.06

3.18

1133

1054

40.86

40.40

3.48

3.71

132

136

39.83

38.94

4.40

4.93

258

214

40.08

39.19

4.21

4.91

436

408

40.84

40.64

4.45

4.63

307

296

42.13

41.43

4.43

4.51

1133

1054

40.90

40.35

4.46

4.78

132

136

51.49

50.08

5.29

6.10

258

214

52.21

51.36

5.69

5.73

436

408

52.65

52.28

5.27

5.10

307

296

52.92

52.79

5.23

5.34

1133

1054

52.49

51.95

5.37

5.50

*p<.05, **p<.01, ***p<.001

7.7

,
, .
, : 1= ,
2000 2=
2000 .

,

 t- . 7.7.1
7.7.3,
.
, ,
,
.
K, Md= .79, t= 2.196, p<.05 A , Md=.81, t= 2.526,
p<.05, .

7.7.1
, , t- TSCS:2

TSCS:2

31.01
30.83
23.91
23.39
28.25
28.06
29.16

3.42
3.78
2.94
3.14
3.27
3.24
2.64

.19

.O.
.34

.52
.52
.19
.12

t-
.549

.
.583

.29
.31
.32

1.769
1.671
.587

.077
.097
.557

.26

.455

.649

.36
.30
.31

*p<.05, **p<.01, ***p<.001

29.05
34.84
34.06
24.95
24.14
28.69
28.25
51.16
50.59
40.86
40.16
52.38
51.88

2.56
3.61
4.16
3.24
3.56
2.43
2.61
4.27
4.55
4.57
4.60
5.37
5.96

.25
.79

.36

2.192

.029

.81

.32

2.526

.012

.43

.24

1.806

.071

.57

.42

1.360

.174

.70

.45

1.563

.118

.50

.53

.946

.344

.40
.34
.25
.44
.44
.57

N1=1859, N2=309

7.7.2
, , t- TSCS:2

TSCS:2

31.40
30.86
23.90
23.37
28.50
28.23
29.16

3.23
4.30
2.91
3.34
3.17
3.36
2.60

.10
.53
.41
.10
.42

.53

. O.
.42

.53

t-
1.260

.
.208

.38

1.402

.161

.27

.41

1.658

.511

.11

.33

1.332

.740

. .

*p<.05, **p<.01, ***p<.001

29.05
34.88
34.00
25.16
24.40
28.83
28.32
51.40
50.57
41.10
40.09
52.56
52.06

2.74
3.53
4.21
3.19
3.66
2.33
2.85
4.04
4.96
4.39
4.81
5.32
6.37

.34
.11
.52
.10
.45
.35
.13
.62
.14
.60
.17
.79

.88

.46

.910

.056

.76

.41

.832

.067

.51

.30

1.687

.092

.83

.53

1.584

.113

1.01

.57

1.787

.074

.50

.69

.717

.474

N1=954, N2=165

7.7.3
, , t- TSCS:2

TSCS:2

30.61
30.77

3.56
2.90

.12
.44

23.92
23.43
27.99

2.98
2.85
3.36

.43
.11

t-

.17

.55

.304

.761

.49

.46

1.068

.286

.18

.52

.341

.733

27.82
29.17
29.05
34.80
34.14
24.73
23.75
28.54
28.16

3.07
2.68
2.30
3.68
4..13
3.28
3.40
2.52
2.23

.34

*p<.05, **p<.01, ***p<.001

50.91
50.61
40.60
40.25
52.20
51,61

4.48
3.93
4.74
4.31
5.41
5.36

.15
.59
.16
.65
.18
.81

.46
.35
.12
.62
.11
.51

.13

.41

.306

.760

.67

.57

1.167

.244

.98

.51

1.932

.054

.38

.39

.979

.328

.29

.69

.426

.670

.35

.73

.483

.629

.59

.84

.704

.481

N1=905, N2=144

7.8
,
.
,
, .
10, 9, 8, 7, 6 .
7.8.1 (ANOVA),
.

 , ,
,
F(4, 2209)=16.468, p<0.01
F(4, 2210)=70.761, p<0.001
F(4,
2210)=106.901,

2210)=12.137,

p<0.001 F(4,

p<0.001 .

,
(Scheff),
, ,
.
,
10 ,
,
,
. , ,

.
, ,
8.

7.8.1
(ANOVA)
TSCS:2

>6
42

..
29.86

. .
3.86

.
>6

.
49

..
29.35

. .
3.44

. .

7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6

96
415
565
1096
2214
42
96
415
565
1097
2215
42
96
415
565
1096
2214
42
96
415
565
1096
2214
42
96
415
565
1097
2215
42
96
415
565
1097
2215
42
96
415
565
1095
2213
42

29.70
29.93
30.78
31.48
30.90
23.57
22.70
23.14
23.60
24.27
23.81
25.95
26.48
27.09
27.81
28.81
28.08
28.33
27.68
28.19
28.94
29.63
29.07
32.36
33.09
33.32
34.75
35.41
34.69
21.69
22.26
23.42
24.46
25.71
24.74
26.96
26.98
27.51
28.39
29.21
28.54
38.81

7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7

96
415
565
1096
2214
42
96
415
565
1096
2214
42
96

38.68
39.47
40.59
41.36
40.64
37.64
38.60
39.06
40.26
41.68
40.62
51.19
49.83

3.58
3.75
3.34
3.36
3.51
2.52
3.13
3.02
3.01
2.88
2.99
3.61
3.16
3.69
3.25
3.10
3.37
3.03
2.86
2.80
2.63
2.40
2.65
5.01
3.42
3.83
3.60
3.50
3.73
3.11
3.21
3.34
3.26
2.97
3.32
2.65
2.33
2.57
2.40
2.28
2.49
4.27

7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6

107
472
554
1033
2215
49
107
472
554
1034
2216
49
107
472
554
1033
2215
49
107
472
554
1033
2215
49
107
472
554
1034
2216
49
107
472
554
1034
2216
49
107
472
554
1032
2214
49

29.22
30.16
31.04
31.41
30.90
22.55
23.03
23.27
23.82
24.18
23.81
25.69
25.91
27.17
28.01
28.86
28.07
27.33
27.81
28.39
29.10
29.58
29.07
32.59
32.68
33.63
34.74
35.45
34.69
21.67
21.82
23.29
24.49
25.97
24.73
26.53
26.75
27.65
28.53
29.24
28.54
38.55

3.90
3.99
3.50
3.17
3.58
4.55
4.57
4.48
4.50
4.50
4.65
5.63
5.14

7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7

107
472
554
1033
2215
49
107
472
554
1033
2215
49
107

38.46
39.57
40.86
41.33
40.64
37.14
38.30
39.36
40.45
41.68
40.61
49.27
49.50

3.91
3.65
3.35
3.36
3.51
3.46
3.21
2.86
2.93
2.96
2.99
3.12
3.83
3.48
3.40
2.99
3.37
3.34
2.83
2.79
2.60
2.40
2.65
4.44
3.81
3.93
3.67
3.38
3.73
3.28
3.53
3.32
3.16
2.78
3.33
2.56
2.57
2.55
2.40
2.22
2.49
3.98

4.01
4.14
3.32
3.14
3.59
4.86
4.15
4.61
4.60
4.42
4.65
5.27
6.19

8
9
10

415
565
1096
2214

50.67
51.91
53.19
52.21

5.90
5.30
5.16
5.45

8
9
10

472
554
1033
2215

51.04
52.36
53.08
52.21

5.54
5.34
5.17
5.45

*p<.05, **p<.01, ***p<.001

7.8.2
(ANOVA)
TSCS:2

. ..

>6
24 30.21

. .

..

. .

4.35

18

29.39

3.15

7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7

3.29
3.58
3.25
3.20
3.37
1.88
3.09
2.99
3.00
2.82
2.94
3.48
2.78
3.52
3.17
2.98
3.24
2.63
2.91
2.67
2.60
2.39
2.60
4.50
3.53
3.72
3.59
3.35
3.62
2.98
3.05

37
151
270
588
1064
18
37
151
270
589
1065
18
37
151
270
588
1064
18
37
151
270
588
1064
18
37
151
270
589
1065
18
37

28.81
28.77
30.24
31.16
30.48
22.61
22.62
22.91
23.51
24.30
23.81
25.67
25.30
26.20
27.39
28.55
27.76
27.94
27.49
27.78
28.87
29.61
29.06
31.33
32.70
32.77
34.33
35.44
34.62
21.28
21.27

3.86
3.78
3.37
3.46
3.60
2.97
3.23
3.07
3.02
2.94
3.04
3.85
3.41
3.82
3.29
3.18
3.47
3.54
2.80
2.99
2.67
2.41
2.69
5.58
3.26
3.96
3.57
3.63
3.84
3.32
3.25

59
264
295
508
1150
24
59
264
295
508
1150
24
59
264
295
508
1150
24
59
264
295
508
1150
24
59
264
295
508
1150
24
59

30.25
30.60
31.28
31.84
31.30
24.29
22.75
23.27
23.67
24.25
23.80
26.17
27.22
27.60
28.20
29.11
28.37
28.63
27.80
28.42
29.00
29.65
29.08
33.13
33.34
33.63
35.15
35.36
34.76
22.00
22.88

8
9
10

>6

264
295
508
1150
24

23.78
24.88
25.97
24.95
27.40

3.32
3.08
2.93
3.25
2.45

151
270
589
1065
18

22.79
24.00
25.48
24.51
26.37

3.28
3.39
2.99
3.38
2.86

7
8
9
10

>6

59
264
295
508
1150
24

27.37
27.88
28.70
29.36
28.71
39.38

2.26
2.49
2.31
2.19
2.40
4.47

37
151
270
587
1063
18

26.36
26.87
28.05
29.08
28.37
38.06

2.34
2.61
2.45
2.34
2.58
3.99

7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

p<.05, p<.01, p<.001

59
264
295
508
1150
24
59
264
295
508
1150
24
59
264
295
508
1150

39.31
39.99
40.93
41.53
40.86
37.42
38.98
39.52
40.83
41.98
40.87
52.50
50.36
51.40
52.28
53.38
52.47

3.72
3.75
3.33
3.11
3.46
4.66
4.58
4.29
4.37
4.31
4.49
4.81
4.93
5.86
5.28
5.10
5.39

37
151
270
588
1064
18
37
151
270
588
1064
18
37
151
270
588
1064

37.68
38.55
40.23
41.21
40.41
37.94
38.00
38.25
39.64
41.42
40.34
49.44
49.00
49.40
51.51
53.03
51.93

4.01
4.22
3.66
3.22
3.69
4.52
4.56
4.70
4.57
4.65
4.80
6.28
5.43
5.78
5.30
5.20
5.51

7.8.3
(ANOVA)
TSCS:2

..
. .

.. . .

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6

31
60
245
272
543
1151
31
60
245
272
543
1151
31
60
245
272
543
1151
31
60
245
272
543
1151
31
60
245
272
543
1151
31
60
245
272
543
1151
31
60
245
272
543
1151
31

29.52
30.23
30.47
31.57
31.73
31.29
22.58
23.50
23.27
23.90
24.09
23.80
25.55
27.17
27.43
28.34
29.09
28.36
26.97
27.82
28.31
29.22
29.61
29.08
33.16
32.77
33.93
34.71
35.46
34.76
21.65
22.83
23.44
24.85
26.09
24.94
26.57
27.39
27.81
28.76
29.35
28.70
38.71

3.73
3.25
3.80
3.08
3.20
3.38
3.74
3.05
2.87
2.87
2.90
2.94
2.95
3.28
3.50
3.22
2.91
3.25
3.27
2.91
2.71
2.43
2.38
2.61
4.02
3.76
3.86
3.50
3.35
3.62
3.29
3.36
3.25
3.19
2.73
3.26
2.51
2.33
2.54
2.24
2.17
2.40
4.16

18
47
227
282
490
1064
18
47
227
282
491
1065
18
47
227
282
490
1064
18
47
227
282
490
1064
18
47
227
282
491
1065
18
47
227
282
491
1065
18
47
227
282
489
1063
18

29.06
27.94
29.82
30.52
31.05
30.48
22.50
22.43
23.26
23.75
24.29
23.81
25.94
24.30
26.88
27.69
28.61
27.76
27.94
27.81
28.48
28.99
29.54
29.06
31.61
32.57
33.31
34.77
35.44
34.62
21.72
20.53
23.12
24.14
25.84
24.51
26.46
25.93
27.48
28.31
29.12
28.37
38.28

2.94
4.31
3.46
3.52
3.50
3.60
3.03
3.35
2.87
3.00
3.02
3.04
3.46
3.91
3.44
3.54
3.05
3.47
3.47
2.76
2.88
2.74
2.42
2.69
5.05
3.92
3.98
3.83
3.43
3.84
3.36
3.34
3.39
3.10
2.83
3.38
2.72
2.66
2.56
2.53
2.28
2.58
3.75

7
8
9
10

>6
7
8
9
10

>6

60
245
272
543
1151
31
60
245
272
543
1151
31

39.28
39.69
41.19
41.50
40.85
36.74
38.98
39.65
40.78
41.90
40.86
49.32

3.84
4.07
3.02
3.09
3.48
4.84
3.89
4.62
4.19
4.30
4.50
5.30

47
227
282
490
1064
18
47
227
282
490
1064
18

37.40
39.44
40.54
41.15
40.41
37.83
37.43
39.04
40.13
41.44
40.34
49.17

4.02
4.21
3.56
3.18
3.69
4.97
4.36
4.58
4.94
4.55
4.80
5.38

7
8
9
10

p<.05, p<.01, p<.001

60
245
272
543
1151

50.67
51.34
52.74
53.22
52.47

5.67
5.57
5.20
5.19
5.39

47
227
282
490
1064

48.02
50.71
51.99
52.93
51.93

6.57
5.50
5.45
5.15
5.51

 8:

8.1 TSCS:2
, TSCS:2
,
,
.
, ,
, ,

(Wylie, 1974, 1979).
TSCS:2 2632
9,5 12,5 ,
, , ,
.
, ,

(Anastasi, 1982).
, z T-.
20 80, 50 10
,
6.1.1 6.1.11.
, 1 10 3
-
, ,

 .
. , ,
,
, .
,
, TSCS:2
,
. ,
, ,

.

8.2

,
.
.70 , ,
(Cicchetti, 1994 Schmitt, 1996). ,
TSCS:2 , : )
) ,
alpha Cronbach.
,
, t-

.

 , p>.05, ,
, Md= 1.28, t= 3.02, p<.05. (. 6.2.1)
alpha Cronbach ,
.58 .90
(. 6.2.2).
,
, alpha Cronbach
.86
.92 ,
(Thorndike et al, 1991).

, .
,
(. 6.2.3
6.2.5).
, ,
, TSCS:2,
.85 .87,
, .91 .92 (. 6.2.3).
, alpha Cronbach
.85 .87 TSCS:2,
, alpha .91 .92
, 6.2.4.
,
,

.
, .93
2.06 4.25
.
, TSCS:2,

9,5 12 . ,
,
.

8.3
, ,
, Wells Maxwell (1976)
.
, .
,
,
: PHSCS
PASS (. 6.3.1.).
Anastasi (1976),
, ,
. Aiken (1985)
.60, .

 , TSCS:2
PHSCS .26 .46
.42 .


,
. , .26
PHSCS, , ,
.
Fitts Warren (1996)
TSCS:2 PHSCS , .19 .59
.66 .
, , ,
,
.
,
TSCS:2 PASS, ,
,
. , PASS

TSCS:2 . ,
,
, , .
TSCS:2 PASS .

8.4
TSCS:2


, .
,
,
.
, ,
.31 .53
(p<.0005).

( , , , ,
), .
6.4.1 6.4.10,
TSCS:2 .
, , ,
, , ,
.43 .73.
, 10
.
,
, .

Fitts Warren (1996) .43

. .84, .79 .91

,
,
.
,
, ,
.
,
,
,
,
Fitts & Warren, (1996).
6.9.1
TSCS:2 ,
, , , , ,

.
: , , ,
.
6.9.1
TSCS:2.
, ,
. ,

, .

 ,

,

TSCS:2 .
,
.

8.5

,
.
,
.

,
, 6.5.1.
,
M..= .35, T..= 3.27, p<.01, .
,
,
,
.
.

 , ,
,
. 6.5.2 6.5.5 ,

,
t-. ,
,
,
.

, .
, ,
,
,
.01, .

, ,
.

. ,
(, , )
(, , ),

(Broverman et al., 1972),


.
,
,
, 6.5.6
6.5.7. ,
,
, , , ,
, .
, ,
,
, ,
. ,
, ,
, .
,
,
,
,
(, 1998).
,
,
Fitts Warrens (1996),
,
.

 ,
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.

8.6
,
,
. ,

,

.

(ANOVA),

. ,

(p>.05).
,
, ,
.

(. 6.6.1),
.

 , 10,5
.
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,
.
,
,
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.) ,
.

,

, , ,
. ,

, . ,

, . ,
,
8.10.

,
,
. ,


, ,
(. 6.6.2). , (9,5
)
(. 6.6.3).
,
,
, ,
, .

8.7
, ,
,
. ,
TSCS:2
,
.
,
,
,
. , ,
- ,
(, 1998).

2632 6.7.1. ,
2.6,
. ,


.
6.7.2 ,
TSCS:2 ,
(1= , 2= , 3= )
.
( 5, 28, 39, 47 56).
( 29,
44, 49, 51, 70) .

(, , ),

. ,
1.75, ,
, ,
. : 29
, 44
70 .
, 27, 36, 41 50
. 27 36
, ,

. 41
,
. 50


.
.

, ,
32, 38, 51, 62 76.
32 76,
,
,
.
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,
.
51
62
,

. ,

,
, .
38
,

,
,

 . ,
,
.
6.7.5,

, , .20,
, : 25, 29, 38, 39, 44, 47, 48, 49, 51, 62, 70, 71. ,
.
TSCS:2
,
,
.
.
,
.

8.8

TSCS:2,

varimax.

,
6.8.

 , ,
Fitts & Warren, (1996),
.

34 34 ,
.
,
( , , ,
, )
. Michael ,
(1975), ,
.60, .50
.30.
(), () (),
, ,
,
. , , (
)
Michael (1975).
32,16% ,
,
Comrey (1973), .
6.8.2
. ,
, ,

 .

.
:
1- / (-),
2- (),
3- (),
4- ( )
5-
().
,

Fitts & Warren (1996),
( 9, 14 37).
6.8.4,
38,11% ,

Comrey (1973),
3, 30, 31, 68, 14, 63, 32.
.
:

1- (.),
2- ,
3- (.),

4- (),
5- ()
6- (. .).

,
, . , ,

,
.
,
, , ,
,

,
.
.
, ,
9-12
.

TSCS:2 ,

. , ,
,
,
9,5 12,5 .

 ,
.
. ,
.
, 33
>.30,

. ,
,
.
54
63 ,
.
,

,
.
,
,
.

8.9
.

,

 ,
(Hattie, 1992).
, ,
, (, 1989).
7.1.1,

.

/ .
,
.
Scheff

TSCS:2.
,
,
,
.

,
.05 .01. ,

, (p=.000)
( p=.001), .01.

,
/ ,
TSCS:2. ,

, /
. , ,
.
,
.

, , ,
,
(Meadows, 1996).
,
,
, ,
.

(, 1989).
,

, 7.1.2.

, ,

 , .
, ,

, TSCS:2.

.
,
, ,
Hattie (1992). , ,
(Song & Hattie, 1984).

7.2.1 7.2.2
. ,

.
, Scheff
(0,1,2,3,4)
,
.
.
,
.

, .


Song & Hattie (1984),
. ,
,
, .

,
, .
,

,
(Bandura, 1997).
,
,

. , ,
, ,
(Meadows, 1996)
.
,
.

.
, ,
.

, ,
,
,
,

.

.

,
. , ,
,
,
.
,
(Erikson, 1963 Wylie, 1963) -
(Gurin & Morrison, 1978 Gecas & Self, 1987).

,
, 7.3.1 7.3.2,

.
,
, ,
.

 3 (, )
6 (), .
F
, ,
.


,
(Zill, Collins, West, & Hausken,
1995).
, - ,
,
.

(Finders & Lewis, 1994).
,
.
,
(Caslyn, 1980).

,
( )
, .
, ,

 TSCS:2 .
, ,
,
,
(Fitts & Warren, 1996).
, ,

. ,
,

(Lewis

&

Looney,

1983).

, ,
, , ,

.
,
,
.
, , ,

.
,
,
, .
,
, .


TSCS:2 ,
.
,

. ,

, .
,
,
, ,
, Betz & Fitzgerald
(1987).
,
, ,
. ,

.

,
. ,
( & , 1991, . 102)

7.4.1,
.
, ,
(Bowlby, 1969, 1973, 1980),


(Radin & Russel,
1983 Russel & Russel, 1987).
(Welsh,1983).
, ,
, ,

. ,
,
.

,
(.
7.4.3). , , ,
, ,
,
.
.
,
,
, ,

(Kohn & Schooler, 1983 Mirowsky & Ross, 1983).

, ,

(Roberts,

1983),

, ,
(Ogbu, 1974 King, 1989).
,
,
.
,
Argyle (1989), ,
(.. ,
, ),
(Aston & Field, 1976).
7.5.1
,
. , ,

.
, 7.5.1,
TSCS:2


. ,
, ,

.

 F , ,
,

, ,
,
(Dauber & Epstein, 1993 Halle
et al, 1997 Muller & Kerbow, 1993).
H
, 7.5.2. F,
, ,
,
.
(1=1130 2=1050),


,
.
, .
McGuire & McGuire (1982)

, .

,
.
,
.

 7.6.1,

.
,
, .
, , ,

,
.
,
Scheff, ,
.
,
.

(Danasi-Afendaki, 1985 Flouris, 1989 Foundoulaki & Alexopoulos, 1998 Katakis,
1987 Vassiliou, 1996),

.
, ,
,
.

( & , 1999, . 507). Baker & Stevenson

(1986)

 , ,

, .
,

.
, ,

,
(, 1998, .71).

,
, (, 1977
, 1984), ,
.
,
p<.001,

, .
(Triandis, Vassiliou & Nassiakoy, 1968),
,
- -.
,
,
,
. , Epstein (1992),

 ,
.

.

, - ,
, , .
,
, ,
,

(, 1990).
,
.
t-
7.7.1 7.7.2
.
,

,
p<.05 .
, (1=1859, 2=309)
.

, ,

 ,
. ,
, ,

. ,
,
, ,
TSCS:2.
,

.
,

. ,
,
, ,
,
(. . 8.9. 8.9.).

8.10

.
,
.


.
, 7.8.1 7.8.4

TSCS:2 ,

.
Marsh, Byrne & Shavelson (1988),

.
, 7.8.1 7.8.2,
,
.
(10)
.

, ,
, . ,
Scheff
.

,

(Covington, 1984, 1992, 1998, 2000) .
, ,

 ,
,
, .
,
,
(, 1992 1996 , 1999 , 1989 , 1978 1983 1989)
.
,
7.8.3 7.8.4. ,
.

, . , F
,
.
,
, .



(Funk & Bachman, 1996Muijs, 1997 Wigfield & Eccles,
1994).
, ,
, ,
,

, , ,
, ,
,
.

,
,
.

8.11

,
.
: TSCS:2
.

Fitts & Warren (1996).

.: <.90
>.90.

. .
alpha
TSCS:2 .
, , .
: TSCS:2
PHSCS, .
PASS,
.
, ,
.
:

TSCS:2

, ) ,
. ,

,

TSCS:2 .
:

, . ,
, .

 : ,

: ,
,
.
: Tennessee Self-Concept Scale:2

9 12
. , :
, , , , ,
. ,

.
:
TSCS:2 ,
,
Fitts & Warren.
, .
.
:
,
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. :
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.05 .01.


.
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.
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,
.

.
,
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.
13 17,

,
.

 1 :

 1:

. 1999-2000

(%)

(%)

597820

307535

290285

51,4

48,5%

101904

52776

49128

51,8

48,2%

107696

57896

49800

53,8

46,2%

88211

42267

45944

48

52%

97737

49753

47984

50,9

49,1%

97181

49903

47278

51,4

48,6%

105.091

54020

51071

51,4

48,6%

2:

. 1999-2000

(%)

(%)

150250

84554

65696

56,3%

43,7%

21817

10763

11054

49,3%

50,7%

26419

19511

6908

73,95

26,1%

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 3:

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(%)

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 5:

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(%)

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188908

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1999-2000

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8:

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11.376

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12.592

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5812

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