Physics

Data Booklet

Standard Grade and

Access 3 to
Advanced Higher

Physics Data Booklet

Standard Grade and Access 3
to Advanced Higher

For use in National Qualification Courses

leading to the 2008 examinations and beyond

Published date: February 2008

Publication code: BB2099
ISBN: 978 1 85969 697 2

Published by the Scottish Qualifications Authority

The Optima Building, 58 Robertson Street, Glasgow G2 8DQ
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Contents
Introduction 1
Relationships for Access 3 and/or Intermediate 1 2
Relationships for Standard Grade and/or Intermediate 23
Relationships for Higher 4
Relationships for Advanced Higher 6
Additional relationships 8
Electron arrangements of elements 9

Introduction
This data booklet is intended for use by candidates in examinations in Physics at Standard Grade,
Intermediate 1, Intermediate 2, Higher and Advanced Higher Levels from the 2008 examination
diet. It is recommended that candidates become familiar with the contents of the data booklet
through use in undertaking Units of these Courses, including Physics Units at Access 3.
The range of data contained in the booklet has been limited to that syllabus content which may be
assessed through written examination papers. This data should be supplemented by other resource
material as necessary during the course, eg by using data sheets. However, should any additional
information (or data not included in this booklet) be required in an examination, such information
will be included in the examination paper.
Additional relationships, which candidates may find useful, are contained on page 8.
A periodic table of elements is included on page 9.
From the variety of data offered in this booklet, candidates will be expected to demonstrate the
ability to select an appropriate:
o formula
o relationship
o element or data pertaining to an element

Relationships for Access 3 and/or Intermediate 1

resistance =
current =
speed =

voltage
current

power
voltage

distance
time

voltage gain =

output voltage
input voltage

weight = 10 mass
average speed =

distance
time

Relationships for Standard Grade and/or Intermediate 2

RT = R1 + R2 + ...

d = vt
s = vt

a=

v
t

a=

1
1
1
=
+
+ ...
RT
R1 R2
R2
Vs
R1 + R2

V2 =

vu
t

W = mg

V1 R1
=
V2 R2

p = mv

P = I 2R

P = IV

F = ma

E w = Fd

P=

E p = mgh

E k = mv
1
2

P=

percentage efficiency =
percentage efficiency =

E h = cm T

V gain =

useful Eo
!100
Ei

Pgain =

useful Po
!100
Pi

v = f

P=

E h = ml

Ip
ns V s
=
=
np V p
Is

E
t

V2
R

A=

Q = It

D=

V = IR

Vo
Vi

Po
Pi

1
f

N
t

E
m

H = Dw R

Relationships for Higher

R1 R 3
=
R2 R4

v
t

a=

v = u + at

V = IR

s = ut+ 12 at 2

P = IV = I 2 R =

v 2 = u 2 + 2as

s=

1
2

V peak = M2V rms

(u +v)t

I peak = M2I rms

F = ma

E w = Fd

C=

E p = mgh

Q
V

E = 12 QV = 12 CV 2 =

E k = 12 mv 2

Rf
Vo
=
V1
R1

E
P=
t

p = mv

V o = (V 2 V 1 )

m
t=
V

T=

Ft = mv mu

P=

1
2

Q2
C

Rf

R1

1
f

v = f

F
A

path difference = n

P = tgh

path difference = (n + 12 )

PV
= constant
T

d sin = n

n=

W = QV

E = V + Ir

V2
R

sin 1
sin 2

sin 1 1 v1
=
=
sin 2 2 v2

E = IR

RT = R1 + R2 + ...

sinc =

1
1
1
=
+
+ ...
RT
R1 R2

I=

k
d2

1
n

Relationships for Higher

E = hf

I = Nhf
I=

P
A

Ek = hf hf 0

W 2 W1 = hf
E = mc2

A=

D=

N
t

E
m

H = DwR
H=

H
t

random uncertainty =

max. value min. value

number of values

Relationships for Advanced Higher

a=

L = I

dv d 2 s
=
dt dt 2

Erot = 12 I 2

v = u + at

F=

s = ut + 12 at 2

v 2 = u 2 + 2as

V =

mo

m=

1
E = mc 2

v2
c2

v=

Gm1m2
r2
Gm
r

2Gm
r

= 2f

d2y
= 2 y
2
dt

d
=
dt

y = A cost or y = A sint

d d 2
=
= 2
dt
dt

v = +

= o + t

]A

y 2g

Ek = 12 m 2^A 2 y 2h

= o t + 12 t 2

E p = 12 m 2 y 2

2 = o 2 + 2

s = r

v = r

h
p

mvr =

at = r

v2
ar = = r 2
r

F=

T = Fr

V=

E=

mv 2
F=
= mr 2
r

T = I

nh
2

Q1Q2
4for 2

Q
4for 2
Q
4for

F = QE

L = mvr = mr 2
6

F = qvB

f = L

dI
dt

E = 12 LI 2

d=

n = tani p
X
=
X
X=

v
v + vs

m=

v + vo
v

c=

f = fs

D
d

x=

x
y = A sin 2 ft

f = fs

4n

2x

Y
Y

Y 2 + Z2

F no I1 I 2
=
2r
l

l
2d

x=

no I
2r

B=

optical path difference = ( m + 12 )

m1 m2
2 (n 2)

c1 c2
2 (n 2)

Z
Z

F = IlBsin

optical path difference = m

V = Ed

Relationships for Advanced Higher

Additional Relationships
Circle

Table of standard derivatives

area = r 2

sin ax

f (x)

circumference = 2r

cos ax

Sphere

volume = 34 r 3

tan =

a sin ax

f (x)

8 f (x)dx

cos ax

1
sin ax + C
a

sin ax

Trigonometry

cos =

a cosax

Table of standard integrals

area = 4r 2

sin =

f '(x)

opposite
hypotenuse

adjacent
hypotenuse

opposite
adjacent

sin 2 + cos 2 =1
Moment of inertia
point mass
I = mr 2
rod about centre
I = 121 ml 2
rod about end
I = 13 ml 2
disc about centre
I = 12 mr 2
sphere about centre
I = 25 mr 2
8

1
cos ax + C
a

2, 8, 8, 2

2, 8, 18, 8, 2

56

Cs

2, 8, 18, 32,
18, 8, 2
Radium

Sc

Ti

Zr

40

2, 8, 10, 2
Titanium

22

(4)

23

(5)

Nb

41

2, 8, 11, 2
Vanadium

Key

Cr

Mo

42

2, 8, 13, 1
Chromium

24

(6)

Mn

Tc

43

2, 8, 13, 2
Manganese

25

(7)

Fe

Ru

44

2, 8, 14, 2
Iron

26

(8)

Co

Rh

45

2, 8, 15, 2
Cobalt

27

(9)

Transition Elements

Atomic number
Symbol
Electron arrangement
Name

Ni

Pd

46

2, 8, 16, 2
Nickel

28

(10)

Cu

Ag

47

2, 8, 18, 1
Copper

29

(11)

Zn

Cd

48

2, 8, 18, 2
Zinc

30

(12)

104

Rf

2, 8, 18, 32,
10, 2
Hafnium

72

Hf

105

Db

2, 8, 18, 32,
11, 2
Tantalum

73

Ta

Actinides

Ac

89

Th

Pa

2, 8, 18, 32,
22, 9, 2
Neptunium

93

Np

2, 8, 18, 32,
24, 8, 2
Plutonium

94

Pu

2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32,

20, 9, 2
21, 9, 2
18,10, 2
Thorium Protactinium Uranium

62

Sm

2, 8, 18, 32,
32, 15, 2
Meitnerium

109

Mt

2, 8, 18, 32,
15, 2
Iridium

77

Ir

2, 8, 18, 32,
18, 9, 2
Actinium

92

91

61

Pm

2, 8, 18, 32,
32, 14, 2
Hassium

108

Hs

2, 8, 18, 32,
14, 2
Osmium

76

Os

2, 8, 18, 20, 2, 8, 18, 21, 2, 8, 18, 22, 2, 8, 18, 23, 2, 8, 18, 24,
8, 2
8, 2
8, 2
8, 2
8, 2
Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium
Cerium

90

60

Nd

Pr

59

2, 8, 18, 32,
32, 13, 2
Bohrium

107

Bh

2, 8, 18, 32,
13, 2
Rhenium

75

Re

Ce

58

2, 8, 18, 32,
32, 12, 2
Seaborgium

106

Sg

2, 8, 18, 32,
12, 2
Tungsten

74

2, 8, 18, 18,
9, 2
Lanthanum

La

57

2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32,

32, 10, 2
18, 9, 2
32, 11, 2
Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium

89

Ac

2, 8, 18, 18,
9, 2
Lanthanum

57

La

2, 8, 18, 32,
25, 8, 2
Americium

95

Am

2, 8, 18, 25,
8, 2
Europium

63

Eu

2, 8, 18, 32,
17, 1
Platinum

78

Pt

2, 8, 18, 32,
25, 9, 2
Curium

96

Cm

2, 8, 18, 25,
9, 2
Gadolinium

64

Gd

2, 8, 18, 32,
18, 1
Gold

79

Au

2, 8, 18, 32,
27, 8, 2
Berkelium

97

Bk

2, 8, 18, 27,
8, 2
Terbium

65

Tb

2, 8, 18, 32,
18, 2
Mercury

80

Hg

2, 8, 18, 9, 2 2, 8, 18, 10, 2 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 2, 8, 18, 13, 1 2, 8, 18, 13, 2 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 2, 8, 18, 16, 1 2, 8, 18, 18, 0 2, 8, 18, 18, 1 2, 8, 18, 18, 2
Palladium
Cadmium
Yttrium
Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium
Rhodium
Silver
Zirconium

39

2, 8, 9, 2
Scandium

21

(3)

Lanthanides

88

Ra

2, 8, 18, 32,
18, 8, 1
Francium

Fr

87

2, 8, 18, 18,
8, 2
Barium

Ba

Strontium

2, 8, 18, 18,
8, 1
Caesium

55

Rubidium

38

Sr

2, 8, 18, 8, 1

37

Rb

Calcium

Potassium

20

Ca

2, 8, 8, 1

19

Magnesium

2, 8, 2

12

Mg

Beryllium

2, 2

Be

(2)

Sodium

2, 8, 1

Na

11

Lithium

2, 1

Li

Hydrogen

(1)

Group Group

Ga

In

Ge
Sn

50

2, 8, 18, 4
Germanium

32

2, 8, 4
Silicon

14

Si

2, 4
Carbon

(14)

As

Sb

51

2, 8, 18, 5
Arsenic

33

2, 8, 5
Phosphorus

15

2, 5
Nitrogen

(15)

Se

Te

52

2, 8, 18, 6
Selenium

34

2, 8, 6
Sulphur

16

2, 6
Oxygen

(16)

Br

53

2, 8, 18, 7
Bromine

35

2, 8, 7
Chlorine

17

Cl

2, 7
Fluorine

(17)

Kr

Xe

54

2, 8, 18, 8
Krypton

36

2, 8, 8
Argon

Ar

18

2, 8
Neon

10

Ne

Helium

He

(18)

99

Es

2, 8, 18, 29,
8, 2
Holmium

67

Ho

101

Md

2, 8, 18, 31,
8, 2
Thulium

69

Tm

102

No

70

Yb

103

Lr

71

Lu

2, 8, 18, 32,
18, 8
Radon

86

Rn

2, 8, 18, 32,
9, 2
Lutetium

2, 8, 18, 32,
18, 7
Astatine

85

At

2, 8, 18, 32,
8, 2
Ytterbium

2, 8, 18, 32,
18, 6
Polonium

84

Po

2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32,

31, 8, 2
32, 9, 2
30, 8, 2
32, 8, 2
Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium

100

Fm

68

Er

2, 8, 18, 32,
18, 5
Bismuth

83

Bi

2, 8, 18, 30,
8, 2
Erbium

2, 8, 18, 32,
18, 4
Lead

82

Pb

2, 8, 18, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32,

29, 8, 2
28, 8, 2
Californium Einsteinium

98

Cf

66

Dy

2, 8, 18, 32,
18, 3
Thallium

81

Tl

2, 8, 18, 18, 3 2, 8, 18, 18, 4 2, 8, 18, 18, 5 2, 8, 18, 18, 6 2, 8, 18, 18, 7 2, 8, 18, 18, 8
Xenon
Tin
Tellurium
Antimony
Indium
Iodine

49

2, 8, 18, 3
Gallium

31

2, 8, 3
Aluminium

13

Al

2, 3
Boron

(13)

Group Group Group Group Group Group

2, 8, 18, 28,
8, 2
Dysprosium

Electron Arrangements of Elements

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T: 0845 279 1000 E: customer@sqa.org.uk W: www.sqa.org.uk
BB2099

February 2008

ISBN: 978 1 85969 697 2